Post Graduate Diploma/Meng Degree in Structural Engineering Design(2011/2012)

Designs of 75 Storied High Rise Building

REF.

Group No : H

CALCULATIONS
6.0 DETERMINATION OF LATERAL LOADS

OUTPUT

6.1 Wind Load Calculation

6.1.1 Dynamic response to wind load
Selection of basic wind speed
= 38 m/s
According to the Australian code As 1170.2 - 1989 Section A
61
;
59

X
Breadth
Depth
Hourly mean win speed

Vz

For terrain category 3

M(z,cat)

61
59

m
m

= V M(z,cat) Ms Mt Mi
H = 270 m
= 0.9
> 12

Building spacing parameter

Shielding Multiplier

=
=

Ms

1.0

Mt

1.0

Outside a local topographic zone

Structure importance multiplier ( Normal structure)

Mi
= 1.0
V

= 38*0.87*1*1*1
= 33.06 m/S

Assume that wind blooming in X direction

Gust factor

Roughness Factor

29

Date

= 1 + r g v2 B (1 + w ) 2 + g r SE

= 2*v/ Vz
Mt

Post Graduate Diploma/Meng Degree in Structural Engineering Design(2011/2012)

Designs of 75 Storied High Rise Building
REF.

Group No : H

CALCULATIONS
From table 4.2.5.3; at Z = 270m and Terrain Category 3

Roughness Factor

v
Vz

0.125

Mt

1.0

=
=

2*0.125
1.0
0.25
3.7

Peak factor

gv

Background factor

1
36h2+64b3
Lh

1+

Effective turbulence length scale

h
b
Lh

270
=
= 61
= 1000*(h/10)0.25

Lh

= 1000*(270/10)0.25
=

2279.5 m

1
36*2702+64*613
2279.5
0.355
1+

Factor to account for the second order effects of turbulence

W = gvrB
4
= 3.7*0.250*0.355
4
=
First mode along wind frequency in hertz
na
=

0.14

46
h
= 46
270
= 0.170 Hz

30

Date

OUTPUT

Post Graduate Diploma/Meng Degree in Structural Engineering Design(2011/2012)

Designs of 75 Storied High Rise Building
REF.

Group No : H

CALCULATIONS
Ratio of the expected peak factor
gf
= 2ln(3600na)

OUTPUT

= 2*ln(3600*0.024)

Size factor

3.582

1
3.5nah
1+
Vh

Effective reduced frequency

1+

4nab
Vh

1
3.5*0.170*270
4*0.170*59
1+
1+
33.06
33.06

=
N

0.0757

= naLh
Vh
= 0.170*2280
33.06
= 11.722

Spectrum of turbulence in the approaching wind stream

E

0.47N
(2 +N2)

5/6

= 0.47* 11.72
(2+11.722)
=

5/6

0.09

Critical Damping coefficient (Table 4.4.2.2)

0.01

Gust Factor
G = 1+ 0.25 [3.72*o.335(1+0.142) +3.5822*0.076*0.09]
0.01
=

31

1.97

Date

Post Graduate Diploma/Meng Degree in Structural Engineering Design(2011/2012)

Designs of 75 Storied High Rise Building
REF.

CALCULATIONS
6.1.2 Along Wind Acceleration
a
= (2 n ) 2 g r
a
f
Assume deflection of structure

OUTPUT

SE

150 mm

= (2*na) *3.582*0.25 * 0.076*0.09

0

0.064 ms

Date

Group No : H

0.15
2

-2

6.1.3 Cross wind Acceleration

a. Wind in X direction
Yc =

1 .5 ( g f q h b )
mo

Cf s
(0.76 + 0.24k )

Crosswind force spectrum coefficient depends on

Vh
nc b

33.06
0.017*61

= 3.19
= 59
61
=
270
=
= 59:61:270
= 1.1.5

d
b
h
b:d:h

From Fig 4.4.3(A) by interpolating

Cfs

qh

2
-3
= 0.6 Vh *10

qh

2
-3
= 0.6*33.06 *10

0.0008

0.66

=
K
Yc =

1.5*(3.582*0.66*103*61)
1,223,460
=

-2
0.0886 ms

32

kPa

1
(0.76+0.24*1) *0.0008
0

Post Graduate Diploma/Meng Degree in Structural Engineering Design(2011/2012)

Designs of 75 Storied High Rise Building

Group No : H

CALCULATIONS

REF.

OUTPUT

b. Wind in Y direction

1 .5 ( g f q h b )

Yc =

mo

Cf s
(0.76 + 0.24k )

Crosswind force spectrum coefficient depends on

Vh
= 33.06
nc b
0.017*59
From Fig 4.4.3(A) by interpolating
Cfs
Yc =

Yc =

0.0008

1.5*(3.582*0.66*103*59)
1,223,460

(0.76+0.24*1) *0.0008
0

0.086 ms-2

The acceleration of the building is within 0.05-0.1. Therefore Sensitive

can perceive motion and hanging objects may move slightly
6.1.4 Dynamic Wind pressure
Hourly mean win speed
For terrain category 3

Vz

Shielding Multiplier

= V M(z,cat) Ms Mt Mi

H = 270 m
M(z,cat) = 0.9
> 12

Building spacing parameter

Ms

1.0

Mt

1.0

Outside a local topographic zone

Structure importance multiplier ( Normal structure)

Mi
= 1.0

Dynamic wind pressure

= 38*M(z,cat)*1*1*1

= 38*M(z,cat)

qh

= 0.6*(38*M(z,cat))2 * 10-3

33

Date

Post Graduate Diploma/Meng Degree in Structural Engineering Design(2011/2012)

Designs of 75 Storied High Rise Building
REF.

Group No : H

CALCULATIONS
Fz
Forces acting on wall at height z;
= CpeqzAz
Az
Cpe

OUTPUT

= Area of the structure at

height z
= Average external pressure
coefficient in Windward and
Leeward surfaces

Cpe

Table 4.4.2.1;

Height
Node
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Az

= 0.8-(-0.5)
= 1.3

Fz

= 1.3*0.6*(38*M(z,cat))2 * 10-3*Az

Fz

1.1263 (M(z,cat))2 *Az

Fz

(m)
Directi Directi Mz,cat Directi Directi
10.8
212.4
219.6
0.45 48.444 50.086
32.4
637.2 658.8
0.58
241.43 249.62
54
637.2 658.8
0.64 293.97 303.93
75.6
637.2 658.8
0.68
331.86 343.11
97.2
637.2 658.8
0.72 372.05 384.66
118.8
637.2 658.8
0.74
393.01 406.33
140.4
637.2 658.8
0.77 425.52 439.94
162
637.2 658.8
0.79
447.91 463.09
183.6
637.2 658.8
0.81
470.88 486.84
205.2 637.2 658.8
0.83 494.42 511.18
226.8 637.2 658.8
0.84
506.4 523.57
248.4 637.2 658.8
0.85
518.53 536.11
270
637.2 658.8
0.87 543.22 561.63
Total wind load
5087.6 5260.1

Notional load

= 0.015*Total Dead load

= 0.015*2,582,620
38,739
=
= 421.2/49
= 13.9 kN/m2

load for unit area

34

Date

Post Graduate Diploma/Meng Degree in Structural Engineering Design(2011/2012)

Designs of 75 Storied High Rise Building

Group No : H

Directi
50.086 3599
249.62 21594
303.93 21594
343.11 13818
384.66 13818
406.33 13818
439.94 13818
463.09 13818
486.84 13818
511.18 13818
523.57 13818
536.11 13818
561.63 13818
5260.1 184967

load

Directi
48.444
241.43
293.97
331.86
372.05
393.01
425.52
447.91
470.88
494.42
506.4
518.53
543.22
5087.6

OUTPUT
Notinal

Node
(m)
1
10.8
2
32.4
3
54
4
75.6
5
97.2
6
118.8
7
140.4
8
162
9
183.6
10
205.2
11
226.8
12
248.4
13
270
Total wind load

Fz( from wind

X
Y

(m )

Height

Area

CALCULATIONS

REF.

750.39
4502.3
4502.3
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
38566

Wind load
X
Y
Directi
750.39
4502.3
4502.3
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
38566

Directi
750.39
4502.3
4502.3
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
2881.1
38566

6.2 Analysis of Seismic Load

The static total base shear of a building due to seismic loading can be
determined by
V

= ZIKCSW

V = Total lateral force or shear at the base.

Z = Seismic probability zone factor for Sri Lanka
Z = 3
#
I = Occupancy importance factor
I = 1.3
K = Building type factor when lateral forces
resisted by shear wall
1.33
K =
C = Seismic Coefficient
S = Soil structure interaction factor
S = 1
for pile foundation up to bedrock,
which is < 200 ft from top.
Fundamental natural period
T = 0.09*H
L
= 0.09*270
61
3.11 s
=

35

Date

Post Graduate Diploma/Meng Degree in Structural Engineering Design(2011/2012)

Designs of 75 Storied High Rise Building

Group No : H

CALCULATIONS

REF.
C =

0.1

15T

OUTPUT

T 0.3s

C = 1/(15*3.11)
=

0.0378

S =
CS

0.1

1
0.04

0.1

OK
W = Total dead load + appropriate portion of the live load.
W=
=

2,582,620
2,845,804

+ 0.4*

657,960

kN

Base shear
V =

3
16

*1.25*1.33*0.04*2,582,620
35,484

kN

Lateral Distribution of Base shear

Fundamental period of vibration

T =

3.11

S >

0.7 S

Recorganizing about efect(whiplash) of flexiable building, the code places

part of the total lateral base shear V, as concentrated load ,Ft at the top
of structure , While the balance (V-Ft) is to be distributed in a trangular
fashion
over the
building
Concentrated
load
at the height.
top
Ft = 0.07TV 0.25V
= 0.07*3.11*35484 0.25*35484
8871
= 7724.87
Ft =

36

Date

7724.87 kN

Post Graduate Diploma/Meng Degree in Structural Engineering Design(2011/2012)

Designs of 75 Storied High Rise Building
REF.

Group No : H

CALCULATIONS
Distribution of the base shear along the building height
Fx = (V-Ft)hx
n
hi
1
n
hi
1
n
hi
1

n
2

= 3.6*
=

(1+n)

75
2

10260 m

Lateral force at Different Level

Node
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Height
10.8
32.4
54
75.6
97.2
118.8
140.4
162
183.6
205.2
226.8
248.4
270

Lateral force(Ft)
29.22
87.66
146.10
204.54
262.98
321.42
379.86
438.30
496.74
555.18
613.62
672.06
730.50

37

(1+75)

Date

OUTPUT

Post Graduate Diploma/Meng Degree in Structural Engineering Design(2011/2012)

Designs of 75 Storied High Rise Building

Group No : H

CALCULATIONS

REF.

OUTPUT

6.3 Stability of Structure

6.3.1 Stability check for wind load
Consider stability of structure for X direction
Assume constant wind load variation

F
W

Total Wind load

Over turning moment at A

A
= qh *b*h
= 0.66*59*255.5
9949 kN
=
38,739 kN
=

Total Notional load

=

38,739 * 255.5
+
2
= 5227828 kNm

3.6*2

2,582,620

Total dead load of the structure

Add 25% of the imposed load

= 0.25* 657,960
= 164,490

Total vertical load

2,747,110

Restoring moment

61 * 2,747,110
2
83,786,855 kNm

=
F.O.S

= Restoring moment
Over turning moment at A
=
=

Safe in Overturning wind load

38

Date

83786855
5227828.05
16
>1.5

Post Graduate Diploma/Meng Degree in Structural Engineering Design(2011/2012)

Designs of 75 Storied High Rise Building
REF.

Date

Group No : H

CALCULATIONS
6.3.2 Stability check for seismic load

OUTPUT

Ft

V-Ft
W

A
Consider X direction
Ft
V-Ft
Over turning moment at A

=
=

7,725 *270 +

=
=

Total dead load of the structure

Restoring moment

=
=

F.O.S

7724.87 kN
27,759 kN

7,082,370

27,759 *270*2
3
kNm

2,582,620
61 * 2,582,620
2
78,769,910 kNm

= Restoring moment
Over turning moment at A
=
=

Safe in Overturning in seismic load

39

78,769,910
7,082,370
11.122 >1.5