Giáo Trình Luyện Thi Toeic

1
GIO TRNH LUYN THI TOEIC

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Grammar Review 7
Qun t khng xc nh "a" v "an" 8
Qun t xc nh "he" !
"ch #$ %ng an&ther v &ther' ()
"ch #$ %ng little* a little* +ew* a +ew (,
-. h/u cch (0
1er2 (3
(' 4re#ent (3
1) Simple Present 15
2) Present Progressive (be + V-ing) 15
3) Present Perfect : Have + PII 15
) Present Perfect Progressive : Have been V-ing 1!
)' 4a#t (5
1) Simple Past: V-e" 1!
2) Past Progresseive: #as$#ere + V-ing 1!
3) Past Perfect: Ha" + PII 1%
) Past Perfect Progressive: Ha" + &een + V-ing 1%
,' 6uture (7
1) Simple '(t(re: #ill$S)all$*an$+a, + Verb in simple form 1%
2) -ear '(t(re 1%
3) '(t(re Progressive: .ill$s)all + be + verb/ing 10
) '(t(re Perfect: #ill$ S)all + Have + PII 10
-7 h8a h9: gi/a ch; ng/ v <ng t (!
"c tr=>ng h9: "h; ng/ ?ng tch kh@i <ng t )A
1
(' "c %anh t lun 8i h@i cc <ng t v Bi t i the& chCng . ngi th?
, #D Et )A
)' "ch #$ %ng F&ne v F& )A
,' "ch #$ %ng cGu trCc either'''&r Hh&Ic'''h&IcJ v neither'''n&r
Hkhng'''m cKng
khngJ )(
0' 1Ling lm ch; ng/ )(
3' "c %anh t tM: thN )(
5' "ch #$ %ng a num2er &+* the num2er &+O ))
7' "c %anh t lun %Png . #D nhiQu ))
8' hnh ng/ there i#* there are ))
RBi t )0
(' RBi t nhSn x=ng H"h; ng/J )0
)' RBi t nhSn x=ng tSn ng/ )0
,' Enh t #. h/u )0
0' RBi t #. h/u )3
3' RBi t :hTn thSn )3
Sn ng/ )5
R<ng t nguUVn thN l tSn ng/ )5
2
(' 1er2 Ling %Png lm tSn ng/ )5
)' WDn <ng t Ic 2iXt )5
,' "c <ng t ?ng #au giYi t )7
0' 1Gn Q cc Bi t ?ng tr=Yc <ng t nguUVn thN h&Ic 1Ling %Png
lm tSn ng/'
)7
"ch #$ %ng cc <ng t 2n khiZm khuUZt )!
(' Fee% )!
1) 12ng n)3 m4t 54ng t6 t)37ng: 538c s9 ":ng ra sao c;n t2, v<o c)= ng> c=a n? 2@
2) -ee" 538c s9 ":ng n)3 m4t 54ng t6 A)iBm A)(,Bt 2@
)' [are )!
1) C)i "2ng vDi ng)Ea l< F"GmF 2@
2) 1are "2ng n)3 m4t ngoHi 54ng t6 2@
"ch #$ %ng t& 2e tr&ng m<t #D tr=>ng h9: ,(
"ch #$ %ng t& get tr&ng m<t #D tr=>ng h9: Ic 2iXt ,)
(' & get \ 4
)
,)
)' Get \ 1Ling ] -tart \ 1LingO W^t _u lm g` ,)
,' Get #2a#mt \1LingO bm aia ci g` 2^t _u' ,)
0' Get \ t& \ ver2 ,)
3' Get \ t& \ 1er2 Hchc vGn Q hnh <ngJ ] "&me \ t& \ 1er2 Hchc vGn
Q nhMn th?cJ ] Gra%uallU ] %_n %_n ,)
"Su h@i ,,
"Su h@i de#a F& ,0
('
"Su h@i thng 2& ,0
a) #)o$ .)at l<m c)= ng> 3
b) #)om$ .)at l<m tIn ng> 3
c) *I( )Ji n)Km v<o cGc bL ng>: #)enM #)ereM Ho. v< #), 3
)' "Su h@i gin tiZ: ,0
,' "Su h@i ce ui ,3
bDi nei :h hfa khgng nh v :h; nh ,5
(' hhgng nh ,5
)' 4h; nh ,5
"Su :h; nh ,7
MXnh lXnh th?c ,!
R<ng t khiZm khuUZt 0A
"Su iQu kiXn 0(
(' RiQu kiXn ce thN th7c hiXn =9c . hiXn tBi 0(
)' RiQu kiXn khng thN th7c hiXn =9c . hiXn tBi 0(
,' RiQu kiXn khng thN th7c hiXn =9c . iu kh? 0(
"ch #$ %ng cc <ng t will* w&ul%* c&ul%* #h&ul% #au i+ 0)
M<t #D cch %Png thVm c;a i+ 0,
1
(' j+''' thenO FZu''' th` 0,
3
)' j+ %Png tr&ng %Bng cSu khng :hTi cSu iQu kiXnO R<ng t . cc
mXnh Q %ikn
2iZn 2`nh th=>ng the& th>i gian c;a chEnh ne' 0,
,' j+''' #h&ul% ] j+''' ha::en t&''' ] j+''' #h&ul% ha::en t&''' %ikn Bt #7
khng ch^c
ch^n Hlem thVm :h_n #$ %ng #h&ul% tr&ng m<t #D tr=>ng h9: c thNJ
0,
0' j+'' wa#awere t&''' 0,
3' j+ it \ t& 2e \ n&t \ +&rO FZu khng v`* nZu khng nh> v&' 0,
5' "F&t" i khi =9c thVm v& nh/ng <ng t #au "i+" N 2U t@ #7 nghi
ng>*
khng ch^c ch^n' H"e nVn ''' maU khng '''J 0,
7' jt w&ul%''' i+ \ #u2nect \ w&ul%''' H#o l''' nZu p khng =9c %Png tr&ng
vqn
viZtJ 0,
8' j+''' r% have''' rhaveO [Png tr&ng vqn nei* khng %Png tr&ng vqn viZt*
%ikn Bt
iQu kiXn khng thN xTU ra . iu kh? 0,
!' j+ \ :re:&#iti&n \ n&unaver2''' H#u2nect \ 2e 2 l=9c 2@J 0,
(A' j+ %Png kh :hs 2iZn vYi m<t #D t nh= "anUaanUthingaeveran&t" %ikn
Bt :h;
nh 00
((' j+ \ t%nective ] alth&ugh Hch& %P lJ 00
"ch #$ %ng t& m&:e* t& ui#h' 03
RiQu kiXn khng ce thMt . t=vng lai 05
(' RiQu kiXn khng thN th7c hiXn =9c . hiXn tBi 05
)' RiQu kiXn khng thN th7c hiXn =9c . iu kh? 05
"ch #$ %ng thnh ng/ a# i+* a# th&ugh Hchng nh= l* nh= thN lJ 07
w#e% t&* t& 2eaget u#e% t& 08
"ch #$ %ng thnh ng/ w&ul% rather 0!
b&Bi cSu ce m<t ch; ng/ 3A
(' b&Bi cSu ce hai ch; ng/ 3A
a) NoHi cI( giO 5Pn) Q )iRn tHi 5S
b) NoHi cI( A)Tng t)U t)Vc )iRn 538c Q )iRn tHi 5S
c) NoHi cI( A)Tng t)U t)Vc )iRn 538c Q W(G A)X 5S
"ch #$ %ng thnh ng/ u&ul% like 3(
"ch #$ %ng cc <ng t khiZm khuUZt N %ikn Bt cc trBng thi .
hiXn tBi 3)
(' "&ul%* MaU* Might \ 1er2 in #im:le +&rm ] "e lo* ce thN' 3)
)' -h&ul% \ 1er2 in #im:le +&rm 3)
,' Mu#t \ 1er2 in #im:le +&rm 3)
"ch #$ %ng cc <ng t khiZm khuUZt N %ikn Bt cc trBng thi .
iu kh? 3,
(' "&ul%* maU* might \ have \ 4
)
] ce lo x 3,
)' "&ul% have \ 4

)
] bo ra x ce thN HtrVn th7c tZ l khngJ 3,
,' Might have 2een \ 1Ling ] "e lo lCc GU ang 3,
0' -h&ul% have \ 4
)
] bo ra :hTi* lo ra nVn 3,
3' Mu#t have \ 4
)
] hgn l x 3,
5' Mu#t have 2een 1Ling ] hgn lCc GU ang 3,
"c vGn Q #$ %ng #h&ul% tr&ng m<t #D tr=>ng h9: c thN 30
5
Enh t v :he t 33
R<ng t nDi 35
"c %Bng #& #nh c;a tEnh t v :he t 37
(' -& #nh 2yng 37
)' -& #nh hvn kzm 37
,' -& #nh h9: l{ 38
0' -& #nh Ic 2iXt 38
3' -& #nh a 2i h&Ic ) vMt 5A
!' -& #nh 2Mc nhGt 5A
[anh t %Png lm tEnh t 5)
|n&ugh 5,
M<t #D tr=>ng h9: c thN %Png much } manU 50
M<t #D cch %Png Ic 2iXt c;a much v manUO 53
4hSn 2iXt thVm vQ cch %Png al&ta l&t# &+a :lentUa a great %eal #& vYi
manUa
much 55
M<t #D cch %Png c thN c;a m&re } m&#t 57
"ch %Png l&ng } H+&rJ a l&ng time 58
nDi 5!
(' Wecau#e* Wecau#e &+ 5!
)' nDi chc mc Ech v kZt iuT 5!
,' nDi chc nguUVn nhSn v kZt iuT' 5!
0' M<t #D cc t nDi mang tEnh iQu kiXn khc' 5!
"Su 2 <ng 7(
R<ng t gSU nguUVn nhSn 7,
& have #2 %& #th ] t& get #2 t& %& #th ] -ai ai* khiZn ai* 2T& ai lm g`
70
(' & haveat& get #th %&ne ] R=a ci g` i lm 70
)' & make #2 %& #th ] t& +&rce #2 t& %& #th ] W^t 2u<c ai :hTi lm g`
70
,' & make #2 \ 4
)
] lm ch& ai 2 lm #a& 70
0' & cau#e #th \ 4
)
] lm ch& ci g` 2 lm #a& 70
3' & let #2 %& #th ] t& :ermitaall&w #2 t& %& #th ] N ai* ch& :hz: ai lm
g` 70
5' & hel: #2 t& %& #tha%& #th ] GiC: ai lm g` 70
7' , <ng t Ic 2iXt 70
"Su :h?c h9: v Bi t iuan hX thaU thZ 73
!
hat v which lm ch; ng/ c;a cSu :h 75
5
(' hat v which lm tSn ng/ c;a cSu :h 75
)' uh& lm ch; ng/ c;a cSu :h 75
,' uh&m lm tSn ng/ c;a cSu :h 75
0' MXnh Q :h 2^t 2u<c v khng 2^t 2u<c' 75
1) +Rn) 5Y p): bKt b(4cZ %!
2) +Rn) 5Y p): A)Tng bKt b(4c %!
3' _m iuan trfng c;a viXc #$ %ng %Gu :h~U Di vYi mXnh Q :h 77
5' "ch #$ %ng tll* W&th* -&me* -everal* M&#t* 6ew \ + \ uh&ma
uhich
77
7' uh&#e ] c;a ng=>i m* c;a c&n m' 77
8' "ch l&Bi 2@ mXnh Q :h 77
"ch #$ %ng 4
(
tr&ng m<t #D tr=>ng h9: 7!
(' [Png vYi m<t #D cc cGu trCc <ng t' 7!
)' 4
(
=9c #$ %ng N rCt ng^n nh/ng cSu %i 7!
"ch #$ %ng nguUVn mu h&n thnh H& have \ 4
)
J 8(
Fh/ng cch #$ %ng khc c;a that 8)
(' hat %Png vYi t= cch l m<t liVn t HryngJ 8)
)' MXnh Q that 8)
"Su giT nh 8,
(' [Png vYi w&ul% rather that 8,
)' [Png vYi <ng t' 8,
,' [Png vYi tEnh t' 8,
0' "Su giT nh %Png vYi m<t #D tr=>ng h9: khc 80
3' "Su giT nh %Png vYi it \ t& 2e \ time 80
bDi nei 2a& hm 83
(' F&t &nlU ''''' 2ut al#& 83
)' t# well a#O "Kng nh= 83
,' W&th ''''' an% 83
"ch #$ %ng t& kn&w* t& kn&w h&w' 85
MXnh Q nh=9ng 2< 87
(' [e#:iteajn#:ite &+ ] 2Gt chG: 87
)' tlth&ugha|ven th&ughah&ugh ] MIc %_u 87
,' m&wever \ a%n \ - \ linkver2 ] %P ce '''' i chqng n/a th` '''' 87
0' tlth&ugha tl2eit Hm&re +&rmalJ \ t%nectivea t%ver2a tver2ial M&%ier
87
Fh/ng <ng t %k gSU nh_m ln 88
M<t #D cc <ng t Ic 2iXt khc !A
-7 :hP h9: vQ th>i <ng t !(
"ch #$ %ng t& #aU* t& tell !)
RBi t nhSn x=ng "&ne" v "U&u" !,
!
i tr=Yc N giYi thiXu !0
"ch #$ %ng cc :hSn t . _u mXnh Q :h !3
4hSn t %Png lm tEnh t !7
(' 4hSn t ( H1LingJ =9c %Png lm tEnh t khi ne : ?ng _U ;
cc iQu kiXn #auO!7
)' 4hSn t ) H1Le%J =9c %Png lm tEnh t khi ne : ?ng _U ;
cc iQu kiXn #auO!7
"Su tha !8
"Gu trCc cSu #&ng #&ng !!
hng tin tr7c tiZ: v gin tiZ: (AA
(' "Su tr7c tiZ: v cSu gin tiZ: (AA
R<ng t vYi hai tSn ng/ tr7c tiZ: v gin tiZ:
-7 T& ng=9c :he t
M<t #D cc %Bng :he t Ic 2iXt ?ng . _u cSu
"ch l&Bi 2@ nh/ng cSu trT l>i khng Cng tr&ng 2i ng/ :h:
(A(
(A)
(A,
(A3
hiNm tra cc li ng/ :h: cv 2Tn 2a& gm (A5
(' b&Bi 2@ nh/ng cSu trT l>i mang tEnh r=>m r (A5
)' 4hTi ch^c ch^n ryng tGt cT cc t tr&ng cSu =9c chfn Qu :hTi :hCc
v ch& ngha c;a 2i* Ic 2iXt l cc ng/ <ng t' (A5
,' 4hTi l&Bi 2@ nh/ng cSu trT l>i 2a& hm tiZng leng* khng =9c :hz:
%Png tr&ng vqn viZt iui chu~n (A5
Fh/ng t %k gSU nh_m ln (A7
4h lcO m<t #D nh/ng t %k gSU nh_m ln khcO
GiYi t
(A!
(()
(' [uring ] tr&ng #uDt Hh&Bt <ng %ikn ra liVn tcJ (()
)' 6r&m ] t t& ] Zn (()
,' ut &+]ra kh@iint&]v& tr&ng (()
0' WU (()
3' jn ] 2Vn tr&ng (()
5' n ] trVn 2Q mItO (()
7' tt ] . tBi ((,
8' M<t #D cc thnh ng/ %Png vYi giYi t ((,
Fg/ <ng t
M<t #D nguUVn t^c th7c hiXn 2i fc
((3
((5
Grammar Review
+4t cI( trong tiBng [n) bao g\m cGc t)<n) p)]n
sa( 5I,
-wW|" L 1|RW t- 4R|[j"t| L "M4b|M|F L
M[j6j|R HW|"J
[jR|" jF[jR|"
S^&_`*a c? t)U l< m4t 54ng t6 ng(,bn t)UM m4t V`c&/I-dM m4t 5Hi t6M song n)iY( n)et vfn
l< m4t "an) t6Z *)gng bao gi7 chng 5Xng Q 5]( cI(M l<m c)= ng> v< W(,Bt 5Pn) viRc c)ia 54ng
t6Z Vi l< "an) t6 nbn c)gng libn W(an 5Bn n)>ng ven 5Y sa(:
`j: 1an) t6 5Bm 538c v< A)Tng 5Bm 538c (*o(nt no(n$ -on -
co(nt no(n)
[anh t Zm =9cO 12ng 538c vDi sk 5BmM "o 5? n? c? )in) t)Gi sk ltM sk n)iY(Z -? "2ng
538c vDi a
)a, vDi theZ
[anh t khng Zm =9cO C)Tng "2ng 538c vDi sk 5BmM "o 5? n? A)Tng c? )in) t)Gi sk
ltM sk n)iY(Z
-? A)Tng t)U "2ng 538c vDi "a"* c;n "the" c)m trong m4t sk tr37ng )8p 5nc biRtZ
+4t sk "an) t6 5Bm 538c c? )in) t)Gi sk n)iY(
5nc biRtZ
+4t sk "an) t6 5Bm 538c c? "Hng sk lt$ sk n)iY( n)3 n)a( c)m p)In biRt bong c? "a" v<
A)Tng c? "a"
`j: an aircraft$ aircraftp a s)eep$ s)eepp a
fis)$ qs)Z
+4t sk cGc "an) t6 A)Tng 5Bm 538c n)3 +&&%* meat* m&neU* #an%* water ''' 5ki A)i
538c "2ng n)3
cGc "an) t6 sk n)iY( 5U c)m cGc "HngM loHi A)Gc n)a( c=a "an) t6 5?Z
`j: .ater .aters (-3Dc n)>ng vhng
n3Dc)
1an) t6 "time" nB( "2ng vDi ng)Ea l< "th>i gian" l< A)Tng 5Bm 538c n)3ng A)i "2ng
vDi ng)Ea l<
"th>i Bi" )a, "#D l_n" l< "an) t6 5Bm 538cZ
`j: [ncient times (-)>ng t)7i cL 5Hi) - +o"ern times (n)>ng t)7i
)iRn 5Hi)
&Ong sa( l< cGc 5Pn) ng> "2ng 538c vDi cGc "an) t6 5Bm 538c v< A)Tng
5Bm 538cZ
ujm "wF FwF ujm FFL"wF FwF
a(n)M t)eM someM an,
t)isM t)atM t)eseM
t)ose
noneM oneM t.oM
t)reeMZZZ man,
a lot of
a n(mber of
(a) fe.
fe.erZZZ
t)eM someM
an, t)isM t)at
none
m(c) ((s(all, in negatives or W(estions)
a lot of
a large a m o ( nt
of a little
les sZZZZt)an
moreZZZZt)an
+4t sk t6 A)Tng 5Bm 538c nbn biBt:
#an%* +&&%* meat* water* m&neU* new#* mea#le# (bRn) sQi)* #&a:* mum:# (bRn)
W(ai bP)* in+&rmati&n* ec&n&mic#* :hU#ic#* air* mathematic#* :&litic#* h&mew&rk'
F|O a%verti#ing l< "an) t6 A)Tng 5Bm 538c n)3ng a%verti#ement l< "an) t6 5Bm
538cM c)m m4t W(Ong cGo c: t)U n<o 5?Z
ViRc jGc 5Pn) "an) t6 5Bm 538c v< A)Tng 5Bm 538c l< )Bt sXc W(an trrng v< t)37ng l<
b3Dc cs bOn mQ 5]( c)o cGc b p)Gp c=a at`'NZ
Qun t khng xc nh "a" v "an"
12ng "an" tr3Dc m4t "an) t6 bKt 5]( bong:
ng(,bn Im t* |* j*
'
2 bGn ng(,bn Im w* d' Huncle* unnatural*
um2rellaJ
-)>ng "an) t6 bKt 5]( bong "h" cIm Han heira h&ura her2al (["u: t)Oo m4c)$
h&n&rJ
-)>ng t6 mQ 5]( bong m4t c)> viBt tKt Han -''-a an
M'4J
b=u {O vXng tr3Dc m4t "an) t6 mQ 5]( bong "uni'''" p)Oi "2ng "a" Ha
univer#itUa a uni+&rma univer#ala uni&nJ H|ur&:e* eul&gU (l7i ca ng8i)* eu:hemi#m
(lki n?i trHi)* eucalU:tu# (cI, A)(,n) "iRp) J
12ng "a" tr3Dc "an) t6 bKt 5]( bong m4t p): ImZ
v38c "2ng tr3Dc m4t "an) t6 A)Tng jGc 5Pn) vY mnt vP trl$ tln) c)et$ 5nc 5iUm )onc 538c
n)Kc 5Bn l]n
5]( tibn trong cI(Z
12ng trong cGc t)<n) ng> c)m sk l38ng n)et 5Pn) n)3: a l&t &+aa great %eal &+aa c&u:leaa
%&en'
12ng tr3Dc n)>ng sk 5Bm n)et 5Pn) t)37ng l< )<ng ng<nM )<ng trwm n)3 aa&ne
hun%re% L aa&ne th&u#an%'
12ng tr3Dc "hal+" (m4t n9a) A)i n? t)eo sa( m4t 5sn vP ng(,bn vxn: a kil& an% a hal+*
)a, A)i n? 5i g)yp vDi m4t "an) t6 A)Gc 5U c)m n9a p)]n (A)i viBt c? "e( gHc) nki): a hal+ L
#hare* a hal+ L h&li%aU (ng<, lz c)m ng)m n9a ng<,)Z
12ng vDi cGc 5sn vP p)In sk n)3 (a, aa&ne thir% L (a3 a a&ne +th'
12ng trong cGc t)<n) ng> c)m giG cOM tkc 54M tm lR: 3 a kil&* 5A kil&meter# an h&ur* 0
time# a %aU'
12ng tr3Dc cGc "an) t6 sk lt 5Bm 538cZ trong cGc t)Gn t6 what a nice %aUa #uch a l&ng
li+e'
t \ Mra Mr#a M# \ +amilU name { m4t Tng$ b<$ cT n<o 5? (A)Tng W(en biBt)
@
Qun t xc nh "he"
12ng tr3Dc m4t "an) t6 5| 538c jGc 5Pn) c: t)U vY mnt tln) c)etM 5nc 5iUmM vP trl )onc
538c n)Kc 5Bn l]n t)X )ai trong cI(Z
he \ %anh t \ giYi t \ %anh t
`j: a)e girl in bl(eM t)e d(lf of +ejicoZ
12ng tr3Dc n)>ng tln) t6 so sGn) b}c n)et )onc &nlUZ
`j: a)e onl, .a,M t)e best "a,Z
12ng c)o n)>ng A)oOng t)7i gian jGc 5Pn) (t)}p nibn): jn the (!!A#
he \ %anh t \ Bi t iuan hX \ mXnh Q :h
`j: a)e man $to .)om ,o( )ave u(st spoAen $is t)e c)airman
ar3Dc m4t "an) t6 ng: ~ c)m m4t v}t ribng biRt
`j: S)e is in t)e ({ )er) gar"en
he \ %anh t #D Et t=9ng tr=ng ch& m<t nhem thC vMt h&Ic vMt
`j: a)e .)ale { .)ales (lo<i cG voi)M t)e "eep-freee (t)Xc wn 5Tng lHn))
b=u {O -)3ng 5ki vDi man A)i mang ng)Ea Flo<i ng37iF t(,Rt 5ki A)Tng 538c "2ng theZ
`j: Since man live" on t)e eart) (AU t6 A)i lo<i ng37i sin) skng trbn trGi 5et n<,)
12ng tr3Dc m4t "an) t6 sk lt 5U c)m m4t n)?mM m4t )Hng ng37i n)et 5Pn) trong j| )4iZ
`j: a)e small s)opAeeper: diDi c)= tiRm n)J$ a)e top ocial: diDi W(an c)Xc cao cep
he \ a%nO a38ng tr3ng c)o m4t n)?m ng37iM c)gng A)Tng bao g i7 538c p )y p Q s k n)iY(
n)3ng 538c jem l< c Gc "an) t6 sk n) iY (Z 1o v}, 54ng t6 v< 5Hi t6 5i c2ng vDi c)gng p)Oi Q
ngTi t)X 3 sk n)iY(Z
`j: a)e ol" { a)e ol" people$ a)e (nemplo,e"$ a)e "isable" are often ver, )ar" in t)eir
moving
he \ tVn cc vPnga khu v7c x nsi tiZng vQ mIt a l{ h&Ic lch #$
`j: a)e Sa)ara ("esert)$ a)e Siberia (t(n"ra)$ a)e -orman"ic
he \ |a#ta ue#ta -&utha F&rth \ [anh t
u#e% a#
a%nective
`j: a)e -ort)$ So(t) Pole (&Kc$ -am *Vc)M a)e àst `n" of Non"on (C)( 5Tng NTn vTn)
b=u {O -)3ng A)Tng 538c "2ng aH` tr3Dc cGc t6 n<, nB( n? 5i liYn vDi tbn c)I( l:c )onc W(kc
gia: #est
derman,M -ort) [mericaZZZ
he \ tVn gfi cc 2& Hkhng tB: chEJa tu 2iNna cc khinh khE c_u'
`j: a)e aimes$ a)e aitanic$ a)e Hin"enberg
he \ hf m<t gia `nh . #D nhiQu ] gia `nh nh
`j: a)e Smit)s { +r$ +rs Smit) an" c)il"ren
`j: 12ng tr3Dc tbn )r c=a m4t ng37i 5U jGc 5Pn) ng37i 5? trong sk n)>ng ng37i tr2ng
tbnZ
C)Tng 538c "2ng "the" tr3Dc cGc "an) t6 c)m b>a wn trong ng<, tr6 cGc tr37ng )8p 5nc biRtZ
`j: #e ate breaAfast at 0 am t)is morning
`j: a)e "inner t)at ,o( invite" me last .eeA .ere "elecio(sZ
C)Tng 538c "2ng "the" tr3Dc m4t sk "an) t6 n)3 h&me* 2e%* church* c&urt* nail*
:ri#&n* h&#:ital* #ch&&l* cla##* c&llege* univercitU v'v''' A)i n? 5i vDi cGc 54ng t6 v<
1S
giDi t6 c)m c)(,Un 54ng c)m 5i 5Bn 5? l< m:c 5lc) c)ln) )onc ra A)Ji 5? chng vi m:c 5lc)
c)ln)Z
`j: St("ents go to s c)ool ever,"a,Z
`j: a)e patient . as rel e ase" f r om )ospita lZ
-)3ng nB( 5Bn 5? )onc ra A)Ji 5? A)Tng vi m:c 5lc) c)ln) bKt b(4c p)Oi "2ng "the"'
1
1
`j: St("ents go to t)e s c)ool for a class pa r t,Z
`j: a)e "octor left t)e )ospital after.orA
b=u {O arong [merican `nglis)M Hospital v< ^niversit, bKt b(4c p)Oi "2ng vDi the
`j: He .as in t)e )ospital (in )ospital as a patient)
|xO S)e .as (n)app, at t)e ^niversit, ([t ^niversit, as a st("ent)
+4t sk tr37ng )8p 5nc biRt:
do to .orA { do to t)e officeZ
ao be at .orA
ao be )ar" at .orA (l<m viRc c)wm c)m)
ao be in oce (53sng n)iRm) ao be o(t of oce (v| m|n n)iRm)
do to sea { 5i biUn (n)3 n)>ng t)=, t)=)
do to t)e sea { ra biUnM t)37ng 5U ng)m
ao be at t)e sea: Q g]n biUn
ao be at sea (Q trbn biUn) trong m4t c)(,Bn )Oi )<n)Z
go to to.n: vi v<o tr(ng tIm$ vi p)k - ao be in to.n (Q tr(ng tIm) A)i to.n l< c=a
ng37i n?iZ
WTng #$ %ng "the" v khng #$ %ng "the" tr&ng m<t #D tr=>ng h9: iNn h`nh
"e
"he"
hhng
"he"
12
12ng tr3Dc tbn cGc 5Hi "3sngM sTng
ng;iM biUnM vPn) v< cGc )\ (Q sk n)iY()
a)e ce" SeaM t)e [tlantic tceanM t)e
Persian
d(M t)e dreat NaAes
ar3Dc tbn cGc "|, ngi
a)e cocA, +o(ntains
ar3Dc tbn n)>ng v}t t)U "(, n)et
trong vh
tr: )onc trbn t)B giDi
a)e eart)M t)e moon
a)e sc)oolsM collegesM (niversities +
of +
"an) t6
ribng
a)e ^niversit, of 'lori"a
the + sk t)X tV + "an) t6
a)e t)ir" c)apterZ
ar3Dc tbn cGc c(4c c)iBn tran) A)(
vVc vDi 5iY( AiRn tbn A)( vVc 5? p)Oi
538c tln) t6 )oG
a)e Corean #ar H] he
1ietname#e ec&n&mUJ
ar3Dc tbn cGc n3Dc c? )ai t6 trQ lbn
(ngoHi tr6 Great WritainJ
a)e ^nite" States
ar3Dc tbn cGc n3Dc 538c coi l< m4t W(]n
5Oo )onc m4t W(]n 5Oo
a)e P)ilipinesM a)e Virgin Islan"sM a)e
Ha.aii
ar3Dc tbn cGc t<i liR( )onc sV AiRn lPc) s9
a)e *onstit(tionM a)e +agna *arta
ar3Dc tbn cGc n)?m "In t4c t)iU( sk
t)e In"ians
ar3Dc tbn m4t )\
NaAe deneva
ar3Dc tbn m4t ngrn ngi
+o(nt Ves(vi(s
ar3Dc tbn cGc )<n) tin) )onc cGc c);m
sao
Ven(sM +ars
ar3Dc tbn cGc tr37ng n<, nB( tr3Dc
n? l< m4t tbn ribng
Stetson ^niversit,
ar3Dc cGc "an) t6 5i c2ng vDi m4t sk
5Bm
*)apter t)ree
ar3Dc tbn cGc n3Dc mQ 5]( bong Few*
m4t tln) t6 c)m )3Dng )onc c)m c? m4t t6
-e. ealan"M -ort) CoreanM 'rance
ar3Dc tbn cGc l:c 5PaM tmn)M tiU( bangM
t)<n) p)kM W(}nM )(,Rn
`(ropeM 'lori"a
ar3Dc tbn bet Ai mTn t)U t)ao n<o
baseballM basAetball
ar3Dc cGc "an) t6 tr6( t38ng (tr6 m4t
11
ar3Dc tbn cGc mTn )rc c: t)U
a)e Soli" matter P),sics
ar3Dc tbn cGc n)Hc c: A)i 5Y c}p 5Bn
cGc n)Hc c: 5? n?i c)(ng )onc c)si cGc
n)Hc c: 5?Z
a)e violin is "ic(lt to pla,
#)o is t)at on t)e
piano
ar3Dc tbn cGc mTn )rc n?i c)(ng
mat)ematics
ar3Dc tbn cGc ng<, lzM tBt
*)ristmasM a)anAsgiving
ar3Dc tbn cGc loHi )in) n)Hc c: trong
cGc )in) t)Xc Im n)Hc c: t)U (_aM
cocAM classical m(sicZZ)
ao perform ua on tr(mpet an" piano
12
"ch #$ %ng an&ther v &ther'
Hai t6 n<, t(, gikng n)a( vY mnt ng)Ea n)3ng A)Gc n)a( vY mnt ng> p)GpZ
[Png vYi %anh t Zm =9c [Png vYi %anh t khng Zm =9c
an&ther \ %anh t Zm =9c #D Et ]
m4t cGi n>aM m4t cGi A)GcM m4t ng37i
n>aM m4t ng37i A)GcZ
the &ther \ %anh t Zm =9c #D Et
] cGi c;n lHi (c=a m4t b4)M ng37i c;n lHi
(c=a m4t n)?m)Z
ther \ %anh t Zm =9c #D
nhiQu ] me, cGi n>aM me, cGi A)GcM
me, ng37i n>aM me, ng37i A)GcZ
he &ther \ %anh t Zm =9c #D
nhiQu
] n)>ng cGi c;n lHi (c=a m4t b4)M
n)>ng ng37i c;n lHi (c=a m4t n)?m)Z
ther \ %anh t khng Zm =9c ]
m4t c)gt n>aZ
he &ther \ %anh t khng Zm
=9c ]
c) c;n s?t lHiZ
`j: I "ont .ant t)is booAZ Please give me
anot)e rZ (anot)er { an, ot)er booA -
not speciqc)
`j: I "ont .ant t)is booAZ Please give me t)e
ot)e rZ (t)e ot)er { t)e ot)er booAM
speciqc)
tn&ther v< &ther l< A)Tng jGc 5Pn) trong A)i he &ther l< jGc 5Pn)M nB( c)= ng> )onc
"an) t6 5|
538c n)Kc 5Bn Q trbn t)i Q "3Di c)m c]n "2ng tn&ther )onc &ther n)3 m4t 5Hi t6 l< 5=Z
-B( "an) t6 538c t)a, t)B bong sk n)iY(: ther ther#Z hhng bao gi7 538c "2ng
ther# \
%anh t #D nhiQuZ *)m 538c "2ng m4t trong )aiZ
arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p ng37i ta "2ng 5Hi t6 t)a, t)B &ne )onc &ne# 5ong sa( an&ther
)onc &therZ
b=u {O hi# )onc that c? t)U "2ng vDi &ne n)3ng the#e v< th&#e A)Tng 538c "2ng vDi &ne#Z
13
"ch #$ %ng little* a little* +ew* a +ew
bittle \ %anh t khng Zm =9cO ret ltM A)Tng 5= 5U (c? A)(,n) )3Dng p)= 5Pn))
`j: I )ave little mone,M not eno(g) to b(, groceriesZ
t little \ %anh t khng Zm =9cO c? m4t c)gtM 5= 5U
`j: I )ave a little mone,M eno(g) to b(, groceries
6ew \ %anh t Zm =9c #D nhiQuO c? ret ltM A)Tng 5= 5U (c? A)(,n) )3Dng p)= 5Pn))
`j: I )ave fe. booAsM not eno(g) for reference rea"ing
t +ew \ %anh t Zm =9c #D nhiQu: c? m4t c)gtM 5= 5U
`j: I )ave a fe. recor"sM eno(g) for listeningZ
arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p A)i "an) t6 Q trbn 5| 538c n)Kc 5Bn t)i Q p)la "3Di c)m c]n "2ng
little )onc
+ew n)3 m4t 5Hi t6 l< 5=Z
`j: [re ,o( rea", in mone,Z esM a littleZ
Quite a +ew (5Bm 538c) ] Quite a 2it (A)Tng 5Bm 538c) ] Quite a l&t (cO )ai) ] ret
n)iY(Z
1
-. h/u
cch
he n&un# \ n&unO *)m 538c "2ng c)o n)>ng "an) t6 c)m ng37i )onc 54ng v}tM A)Tng
"2ng c)o cGc
5\ v}tZ
`j: a)e st("ents booA a)e cats legsZ
vki vDi "an) t6 sk n)iY( 5| c? sn "#" Q 5(Ti c)m c]n "2ng "e( p),
`j: a)e st("ents booAZ
-)3ng 5ki vDi n)>ng "an) t6 5Li sk n)iY( 5nc biRt A)Tng "#" Q 5(Ti vfn p)Oi "2ng 5], 5=
"e( sQ )>( cGc)Z
`j: a)e c)il"rens to,sZ a)e peoples .illing
-B( c? )ai "an) t6 c2ng 5Xng Q sQ )>( cGc) t)i "an) t6 n<o 5Xng g]n "an) t6 bP sQ )>(
n)et s mang "e( sQ )>(Z
`j: Pa(l an" Peters roomZ
vki vDi n)>ng tbn ribng )onc "an) t6 5| c? sn "#" Q 5(Ti c? t)U c)m c]n "2ng "e( p), v<
n)en mHn)
5(Ti A)i 5rc )onc "2ng sQ )>( cGc) v< p)Oi t)a, 5Li cGc) 5rcZ abn ribng A)Tng "2ng "the"
5ong tr3DcZ
a)e b os s car { a)e b o ss s car
bosi [gnes )o(se {
[gness si )o(seZ
-? 538c "2ng c)o t)7i gian (nwmM t)GngM t)}p nibnM t)B Am)
`j: a)e 1@@Ss events: n)>ng sV AiRn c=a t)}p nibn @S
`j: a)e 21
st
cent(r,s prospectsZ
*? t)U "2ng c)o cGc m2a trong nwm tr6 m2a j(In v< m2a t)(Z -B( "2ng sQ )>( cGc) c)o
)ai m2a n<, t)i ng37i viBt 5| n)In cGc) )oG c)gngZ -g<, na, ng37i ta "2ng cGc m2a trong
nwm n)3 m4t tln) t6 c)o cGc "an) t6 5ong sa(M lt "2ng sQ )>( cGc)Z
`j: a)e [(t(mns leaf: c)iBc lG c=a n<ng t)(Z
12ng c)o tbn cGc cTng t, lDnM cGc W(kc gia
`j: a)e cocAerfellers oil pro"(ctsZ *)inas foo"Z
vki vDi cGc c9a )iR( c? ng)Y ng)iRp 5nc tr3ng c)m c]n "2ng "an) t6 vDi "e( sQ )>(Z
`j: In a orists [t a )air"ressers
vnc biRt l< cGc tiRm wn: a)e [ntonios
12ng tr3Dc m4t sk "an) t6 bet 54ng v}t c)m trong m4t sk t)<n) ng>
`j: a stones t)ro. from ZZZ(*Gc) nsi 5I( m4t t]m 5G nym)Z
15
1er2
v4ng t6 trong tiBng [n) *)ia l<m 3 t)7i c)ln):
Qu kh? H4a#tJ
miXn tBi
H4re#entJ
=vng lai H6utureJ
+i t)7i c)ln) lHi c)ia t)<n) n)iY( t)7i n)J 5U "izn 5Ht tln) c)ln) jGc c=a )<n) 54ngZ
(' 4re#ent
1) Simple Present
C)i c)ia 54ng t6 t)7i n<, Q ngTi t)X 3 sk ltM p)Oi c? "#" Q t}n c2ng v< Im "? p)Oi 538c 5rc
lbn
`j: He .alAsZ
`j: S)e .atc) e s aV
-? "2ng 5U "izn 5Ht m4t )<n) 54ng t)37ng j(,bn jO, ra Q )iRn tHiM A)Tng jGc 5Pn) c: t)U
vY t)7i gianM )<n) 54ng lnp 5i lnp lHi c? tln) W(i l(}tZ
a)37ng "2ng vDi m4t sk cGc p)? t6 c)m t)7i gian n)3 t&%aU* :re#ent %aU* n&wa%aU#'
vnc biRt n? "2ng vDi m4t sk p)? t6 c)m t]n s(et n)3: alwaU#* #&metime#* &+ten* everU \
th>i gian
'''
2) Present Progressive (be + V-ing)
12ng 5U "izn 5Ht m4t )<n) 54ng jO, ra Q v<o m4t t)7i 5iUm n)et 5Pn) c=a )iRn tHiZ a)7i
5iUm n<,
538c jGc 5Pn) c: t)U bong m4t sk p)? t6 n)3 : n&w* rightn&w* at thi# m&mentZ
12ng t)a, t)B c)o t)7i t3sng lai g]nM 5nc biRt l< trong vwn n?iZ
vnc biRt l3( ~ n)>ng 54ng t6 Q bOng sa( A)Tng 538c c)ia Q t)U tiBp "izn "2 bet cX t)7i
n<o A)i c)gng l< n)>ng 54ng t6 tEn) "izn 5Ht trHng t)Gi cOm giGc c=a )oHt 54ng tin) t)]n
)onc tln) c)et c=a sV v}t M sV viRcZ -)3ng A)i c)gng W(a, sang )3Dng "4ng t6 )<n) 54ng
t)i c)gng lHi 538c p)yp "2ng Q t)U tiBp "iznZ
kn&w 2elieve hear #ee #mell wi#h
un%er#tan% hate l&ve like want #&un%
have nee% a::ear #eem ta#te &wn
`j: He ) a s a lot of booAsZ
`j: He is ) aving "inner no.Z (v4ng t6 )<n) 54ng: wn tki)
`j: I t)inA t)e, .ill come in time
`j: Im t)inAing of m, test tomorro.Z (v4ng t6 )<n) 54ng: vang ng)E vY)
3) Present Perfect : Have + PII
12ng 5U "izn 5Ht m4t )<n) 54ng jO, ra t6 trong W(G A)X Ayo "<i 5Bn )iRn tHi v< c)em "Xt
Q )iRn tHiM t)7i "iUm )<n) 54ng )o<n to<n A)Tng 538c jGc 5Pn) trong cI(Z
*)m m4t )<n) 54ng jO, ra n)iY( l]n trong W(G A)X Ayo "<i 5Bn )iRn tHi
`j: deorge )as seen t)is movie t)ree timeZ
12ng vDi 2 giDi t6 -jF"|a6R\time
12ng vDi alrea%U trong cI( A)ng 5Pn)M l3( ~ rong alrea%U c? t)U 5Xng nga, sa( have v<
chng c? t)U 5Xng Q c(ki cI(Z
12ng vDi Uet trong cI( p)= 5Pn)M Uet t)37ng j(,bn 5Xng Q c(ki cI(Z
1!
12ng vDi Uet trong cI( ng)i ven
`j: Have ,o( .ritten ,o(r reports ,et
1!
arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p Q p)= 5Pn)M Uet c? t)U 5Xng nga, sa( have n)3ng p)Oi t)a, 5Li
vY mnt ng>
p)Gp: n&t met 5i v< 4jj trQ vY "Hng ng(,bn t)U c? t&Z
`j: _o)n )as ,et to learn t)e material { _o)n )asnt learnt t)e material ,etZ
12ng vDi n&w thatZZZ (gi7 5I, A)i m<ZZZ)
`j: -o. t)at ,o( )ave passe" t)e at`'N test s(ccessf(ll,M ,o( can appl,ZZZ
12ng vDi m4t sk p)? t6 n)3 till n&w* untill n&w* #& +ar (c)o 5Bn gi7)Z -)>ng t)<n) ng>
n<, c? t)U 5Xng 5]( cI( )onc c(ki cI(Z
`j: So far t)e problem )as not been resolve"Z
12ng vDi recentlU* latelU (g]n 5I,) n)>ng t)<n) ng> n<, c? t)U 5Xng 5]( )onc c(ki cI(Z
`j: I )ave not seen )im recentl,Z
12ng vDi 2e+&re 5Xng Q c(ki cI(Z
`j: I )ave seen )im beforeZ
) Present Perfect Progressive : Have been V-ing
12ng gikng )Rt n)3 Present Perfect n)3ng )<n) 54ng A)Tng c)en "Xt Q )iRn tHi m< vfn
tiBp t:c tiBp "iznM t)37ng j(,bn "2ng vDi #ince* +&r \ time
P)In biRt cGc) "2ng gi>a )ai t)7i:
4re#ent 4er+ect
H<n) 54ng 5| c)em "Xt Q )iRn tHi "o 5?
5| c? ABt W(O r rRtZ
Ive .aite" ,o( for )alf an )o(r (an" no. I
stop .aiting beca(se ,o( "i"nt come)Z
4re#ent 4er+ect 4r&gre##ive
H<n) 54ng vfn tiBp "izn Q )iRn tHiM c? A)O
nwng lan tDi t3sng lai "o 5? A)Tng c? ABt
W(O r rRtZ
Ive been .aiting for ,o( for )alf an )o(r (an"
no.
Im still .aitingM )oping t)at ,o(ll come)
)' 4a#t
1) Simple Past: V-e"
+4t sk 54ng t6 trong tiBng [n) c? cO "Hng -im:le 4a#t v< 4a#t 4er+ect bin) t)37ng
chng n)3 5nc biRtZ -g37i [n) 3a "2ng -im:le :a#t c)ia bin) t)37ng v< 4
)
5nc biRt l<m
a%n )onc trong "Hng bP 54ng
|xO & light
lighte%alighte%: He lig)te" t)e can"les in )is birt)"a, caAeZ
lita lit: 'rom a "istance .e can see t)e lit resta(rantZ
-? "izn 5Ht m4t )<n) 54ng 5| jO, ra 5Xt 5iUm trong W(G A)XM A)Tng libn W(an gi tDi )iRn
tHiM t)7i "iUm trong cI( 538c jGc 5Pn) r rRt bong m4t sk cGc p)? t6 c)m t)7i gian n)3
Ue#ter%aU* at that m&ment* la#t \ time
2) Past Progresseive: #as$#ere + V-ing
-? "2ng 5U "izn 5Ht m4t )<n) 54ng 5ang jO, ra Q v<o m4t t)7i 5iUm n)et 5Pn) c=a W(G A)XZ
a)7i "iUm
5? 538c "izn 5Ht c: t)U { ng<,M gi7Z
-? "2ng ABt )8p vDi m4t #im:le :a#t t)Tng W(a 2 p)? t6 c)m t)7i gian l< when v< whileM
5U c)m m4t )<n) 54ng 5ang tiBp "izn trong W(G A)X t)i m4t )<n) 54ng A)Gc c)en ngang
v<o (A)i 5angZZZ t)i bngZZZ)Z
-u2nect \ -im:le 4a#t L while L -u2nect \ 4a#t
4r&gre##ive
`j: Smb )it )im on t)e )ea" .)ile )e .as .alAing to )is car
-u2nect \ 4a#t 4r&gre##ive L when L -u2nect \ -im:le 4a#t
1%
`j: He .as .alA ing to )is car .)en Smb )it )im on t)e )ea"
+Rn) 5Y c? when while c? t)U 5Xng bet Ai nsi n<o trong cI( n)3ng sa( when p)Oi l<
#im:le :a#t
v< sa( while p)Oi l< 4a#t 4r&gre##iveZ
-? "izn 5Ht 2 )<n) 54ng 5ang c2ng lgc jO, ra trong W(G A)XZ
-u2nect \ 4a#t 4r&gre##ive L while L -u2nect \ 4a#t 4r&gre##ive
`j: Her )(s b an" .as r ea"ing ne.spaper .)ile s)e .as preparing "inne rZ
+Rn) 5Y )<n) 54ng A)Tng c? while c? t)U Q #im:le :a#t n)3ng lt A)i vi "z bP n)]m lfnZ
3) Past Perfect: Ha" + PII
12ng 5U "izn 5Ht m4t )<n) 54ng jO, ra tr3Dc m4t )<n) 54ng A)Gc trong W(G A)XM trong
cI( bao gi7
chng c? 2 )<n) 54ng
12ng ABt )8p vDi m4t #im:le :a#t t)Tng W(a 2 p)? t6 c)m t)7i gian a+ter v< 2e+&reZ
b=u
{O
-u2nect \ -im:le 4a#t a+ter -u2nect \ 4a#t 4er+ect
-u2nect \ 4a#t 4er+ect 2e+&re -u2nect \ -im:le 4a#t
+Rn) 5Y c? a+ter 2e+&re c? t)U 5Xng Q 5]( )onc c(ki cI( n)3ng sa( a+ter
p)Oi l< :a#t :er+ect c;n sa( 2e+&re p)Oi l< #im:le :a#tZ
We+&re t+ter c? t)U 538c t)a, bong when m< A)Tng s8 bP n)]m lfn vi trong cI(
bao gi7 chng c? 2 )<n) 54ngM 1 tr3DcM 1 sa(Z
`j: a)e police came .)en t)e robber )a" gone a.a,Z
) Past Perfect Progressive: Ha" + &een + V-ing
12ng gikng )Rt n)3 4a#t 4er+ect "(, c? 5iY( )oHt 54ng "izn ra libn t:c c)o 5Bn t}n
-im:le 4a#tZ -? t)37ng ABt )8p vDi -im:le 4a#t t)Tng W(a p)? t6 We+&reZ arong cI(
t)37ng j(,bn c? #ince* +&r \ time
b=u {O a)7i n<, ng<, na, lt "2ngM ng37i ta t)a, t)B n? bong 4a#t 4er+ect v< c)m "2ng A)i
n<o c]n 5izn
5Ht tln) c)ln) jGc c=a )<n) 54ngZ
,' 6uture
1) Simple '(t(re: #ill$S)all$*an$+a, + Verb in simple form
-g<, na, ng> p)Gp )iRn 5HiM 5nc biRt l< ng> p)Gp +E c)ep n)}n viRc "2ng will c)o tet cO
cGc ngTiM c;n
#hall c)m "2ng vDi cGc ngTi jM we trong m4t sk tr37ng )8p n)3 sa(:
v3a ra 5Y ng)P m4t cGc) lPc) sV
`j: S)all I taAe ,o( coat
12ng 5U m7i ng37i A)Gc m4t cGc) lPc) sV:
`j: S)all .e go o(t for l(nc)
12ng 5U ng| giG trong A)i mnc cOM m(a bGn:
`j: S)all .e sa, : 5S
a)37ng 538c "2ng vDi 1 vwn bOn mang tln) p)Gp W(i b(4c cGc bbn p)Oi t)i )<n) 5iY(
A)oOn trong vwn bOn:
`j: [ll t)e st("ents s)all be responsible for proper ejec(tion of t)e "orm r(le
arong tiBng [n) bin) "In M ng37i ta t)a, #hall { mu#t Q "Hng cI( n<,Z
-? "2ng 5U "izn 5Ht m4t )<n) 54ng s jO, ra Q m4t t)7i 5iUm n)et 5Pn) trong t3sng lai
n)3ng A)Tng jGc 5Pn) c: t)UZ a)37ng "2ng vDi m4t sk p)? t6 c)m t)7i gian n)3 t&m&rr&wM
next \ time* in the +uture* in +uture ] +r&m n&w &nZ
2) -ear '(t(re
1izn 5Ht m4t )<n) 54ng s jO, ra trong t3sng lai g]nM t)37ng "2ng vDi cGc p)? t6 "3Di
"Hng: jn a m&ment Hlt n/aJ* tt ) &cl&ck thi# a+tern&&n''''
`j: #e are going to )ave a reception in a moment
10
-? c)m 1 viRc c)Kc c)Kn s p)Oi jO, ra t)eo n)3 "V tln) c)o "2 t)7i gian l< t3sng lai jaZ
`j: #e are going to taAe a at`'N test nejt ,earZ
-g<, na, ng37i ta t)37ng "2ng :re#ent :r&gre##iveZ
3) '(t(re Progressive: .ill$s)all + be + verb/ing
1izn 5Ht m4t 5iY( s jO, ra trong t3sng lai Q v<o m4t t)7i 5iUm n)et 5Pn)
`j: [t 0:SS am tomorro. morning .e .ill be atten"ing t)e lect(reZ
`j: doo" l(cA .it) t)e ejam #e .ill be t)inAing of ,o(Z
12ng ABt )8p vDi :re#ent :r&gre##ive A)Gc 5U "izn 5Ht )ai )<n) 54ng 5ang song song
jO, raZ +4t Q
)iRn tHiM c;n m4t Q t3sng laiZ
`j: -o. .e are learning `nglis) )ereM b(t b, t)e time tomorro. .e .ill be atten"ing t)e
meeting at t)e oceZ
v38c "2ng 5U 5Y c}p 5Bn cGc sV AiRn t3sng lai 5| 538c jGc 5Pn) )onc W(,Bt 5Pn) (A)Tng
mang ~ ng)Ea tiBp "izn)Z
`j: Professor &ajter .ill be giving anot)er lect(re on coman glass - maAing at t)e
same time nejt .eeAZ
Honc n)>ng sV AiRn 538c mong 58i l< s jO, ra t)eo m4t tiBn trin) t)37ng lR (n)3ng A)Tng
"izn 5Ht ~
5Pn) c=a cG n)In ng37i n?i)Z
`j: o( .ill be )earing from m, solicitorZ
`j: I .ill be seeing ,o( one of t)ese "a,sM I ejpectZ
1V 5oGn c)o t3sng lai:
`j: 1ont p)one no.M t)e, .ill be )aving "innerZ
1izn 5Ht l7i 5Y ng)P n)| n)nn m(kn biBt vY AB )oHc) c=a ng37i A)Gc
`j: o( .ill be sta,ing in t)is eveningZ
(Tng c? "V 5Pn) Q lHi 5I, tki na, c)X H)
) '(t(re Perfect: #ill$ S)all + Have + PII
*)m m4t )<n) 54ng s p)Oi 538c )o<n tet Q v<o m4t t)7i 5iUm n)et 5Pn) trong t3sng laiZ
-? t)37ng
538c "2ng vDi p)? t9 c)m t)7i gian "3Di
"Hng:
WU the en% &+'''''* WU the time \
#entence
`j: #e .ill )ave accomplis)e" t)e at`'N test taAing sAills b, t)e en" of nejt ,earZ
&, t)e time Halle,s *omet comes racing across t)e nig)t sA, againM most of t)e
people alive to"a,
.ill )ave passe" a.a,Z
1@
-7 h8a h9: gi/a ch; ng/ v <ng t
arong m4t cI( tiBng [n)M t)Tng t)37ng t)i c)= ng> 5Xng liYn nga, vDi 54ng t6 v< W(,Bt
5Pn) viRc c)ia
54ng t6 n)3ng A)Tng p)Oi l(Tn l(Tn n)3 v},Z
2S
"c tr=>ng h9: "h; ng/ ?ng tch kh@i
<ng t
en v<o gi>a l< m4t ng> giDi t6 (m4t giDi t6 mQ 5]( c4ng cGc "an) t6 t)eo sa()Z *Gc ng>
giDi t6 n<, A)Tng )Y c? W(,Bt 5Pn) gi tDi viRc c)ia 54ng t6M 54ng t6 p)Oi c)ia t)eo c)= ng>
c)ln)Z
*Gc t)<n) ng> Q bOng sa( c2ng vDi cGc "an) t6 5i t)eo sa( n? tHo nbn )iRn t37ng 5\ng c)=
ng>Z -? s 5Xng jen v<o gi>a c)= ng> v< 54ng t6M tGc) ra A)Ji gi>a 2 t)<n) p)]n 5? { 2
"e( p)O, v< A)Tng c? On) )3Qng gi 5Bn viRc c)ia 54ng t6Z
`j: a)e actreesM along .it) )er manager an" some frien"sM is going to a part, tonig)tZ
&gether with al&ng with acc&m:anie% 2U a# well a#
-B( 2 "an) t6 l<m c)= ng> nki vDi n)a( bong an% t)i 54ng t6 p)Oi c)ia ngTi t)X 3 sk n)iY(
(theU)
-)3ng nB( 2 5\ng *)= ng> nki vDi n)a( bong &r t)i 54ng t6 p)Oi c)ia t)eo "an) t6 5Xng
sa( &rZ -B( "an) t6 5? l< sk lt t)i 54ng t6 p)Oi c)ia ngTi t)X 3 sk lt v< ng38c lHiZ
`j: a)e actres s or )er manager is going to ans.er t)e intervie.Z
(' "c %anh t lun 8i h@i cc <ng t v Bi t i the& chCng . ngi th? , #D Et
v? l< cGc "an) t6 Q bOng sa( (c;n gri l< cGc 5Hi t6 p)iBm c)m)Z
anU \ n& \ #&me \
#ingular n&un #ingular n&un #ingular
n&un anU2&%U n&2&%U #&me2&%U
anU&ne n& &ne #&me&ne
anUthing n&thing #&mething
everU \ #ingular n&un each \ #ingular
n&un everU2&%U
everU&ne either
everUthing neither
|ither an% neither are #ingular i+ thaU are n&t u#e% with &r an% n&r
either (1 trong 2) c)m "2ng c)o 2 ng37i )onc 2 v}tZ -B( 3 ng37i (v}t) trQ lbn p)Oi "2ng anU'
neither HA)Tng m4t trong )ai) c)m "2ng c)o 2 ng37iM 2 v}tZ -B( 3 ng37i (v}t) trQ lbn "2ng
n&t anU'
`j: -eit)er of )is c)(tes opens as )e pl(mmets to t)e gro(n"
`j: -ot an, of )is pens is able to be (se"Z
)' "ch #$ %ng F&ne v F&
-B( sa( F&ne &+ the l< m4t "an) t6 A)Tng 5Bm 538c t)i 54ng t6 p)Oi Q ngTi t)X 3 sk ltZ
-)3ng nB( sa( n? l< m4t "an) t6 sk n)iY( t)i 54ng t6 p)Oi c)ia Q ngTi t)X 3 sk n)iY(Z
n&ne \ &+ the \ n&nLc&unt n&un \ #ingular
ver2 n&ne \ &+ the \ :lural c&unt n&un \
:lural ver2
`j: -one of t)e co(nterfeit mone, )as been fo(n"Z
`j: -one of t)e st("ents ) ave qnis)e" t)e ejam ,etZ
-B( sa( F& l< m4t "an) t6 5Bm 538c sk lt )onc A)Tng 5Bm 538c t)i 54ng t6 p)Oi Q ngTi
t)X 3 sk lt n)3ng nB( sa( n? l< m4t "an) t6 sk n)iY( t)i 54ng t6 p)Oi Q ngTi t)X 3 sk n)iY(
21
n& \ #ingular n&unan&nLc&unt n&un \ #ingular
ver2 n& \ :lural n&un \ :lural ver2
22
`j: - o ejamp le is relevant to t)is caseZ
,' "ch #$ %ng cGu trCc either'''&r Hh&Ic'''h&IcJ v neither'''n&r Hkhng'''m cKng
khngJ
viY( c]n l3( ~ n)et A)i s9 ":ng ce( trgc n<, l< 54ng t6 p)Oi c)ia t)eo "an) t6 5i sa( &r
)onc n&rZ
-B( "an) t6 5? l< sk lt t)i "4ng t6 5? c)ia Q ngTi t)X 3 sk lt v< ng38c lHiZ
neit)
+
er
no(
n +
eit)er
nor
or
+ pl(ral no(n + pl(ral verb
neit)+erno(
n +
eit)er
nor+ sing(lar no(n + sing(lar
verb or
`j: -eit)er _o)n nor )is frien"s are going to t)e
beac) to"a,Z `j: ìt)er _o)n or )is frien"s are going to
t)e beac) to"a,Z `j: -eit)er t)e bo,s nor *armen
)as seen t)is movie beforeZ `j: ìt)er _o)n or &ill is
going to t)e beac) to"a,Z
0' 1Ling lm ch; ng/
C)i 1Ling "2ng l<m c)= ng> t)i 54ng t6 p)Oi c)ia Q ngTi t)X 3 sk lt
-g37i ta s "2ng 1Ling A)i m(kn "izn 5Ht 1 )<n) 54ng c: t)U jO, ra n)et t)7i n)3ng A)i
m(kn "izn
5Ht bOn c)et c=a sV v}tM sV viRc t)i p)Oi "2ng "an) t6
`j: 1ieting is ver, pop(lar to"a,Z
`j: 1iet is for t)ose .)o s(er from a cerain "iseaseZ
v4ng t6 ng(,bn t)U chng c? t)U "2ng l<m c)= ng> v< 54ng t6 sa( n? s c)ia Q ngTi t)X 3
sk ltZ -)3ng ng37i ta t)37ng "2ng c)= ng> giO it 5U mQ 5]( cI(Z
`j: ao qn" t)e booA is necessar, for )im { It is necessar, for )im to qn" t)e booAZ
3' "c %anh t tM: thN
v? l< cGc "an) t6 Q bOng sa( "2ng 5U c)m 1 n)?m ng37i )onc 1 tL c)Xc n)3ng trbn t)Vc
tB c)gng l< n)>ng "an) t6 sk ltM "o v}, cGc "Hi t6 v< 54ng t6 t)eo sa( c)gng chng Q ngTi
t)X 3 sk ltZ
"&ngre## +amilU gr&u: c&mmittee cla##
rganiati&n team armU clu2 cr&w%
G&vernment nurU man&ritU min&ritU :u2lic
`j: a)e committee )as metM an" it )as reuecte" t)e proposalZ
a(, n)ibn nB( 54ng t6 sa( n)>ng "an) t6 n<, c)ia Q ngTi t)X 3 sk n)iY( t)i cI( 5? Gm c)m
cGc t)<n) vibn trong n)?m 5ang )oHt 54ng ribng r:
`j: *ongress votes for t)e billZ
(*ongress are "isc(ssing abo(t t)e billZ (some agreeM some "isagree))Z(at`'N A)Tng bKt li
n<,)Z
1an) t6 t)e man&ritU 538c "2ng t( t)eo t)<n) p)]n sa( n? 5U c)ia 54ng t6
he man&ritU \ #ingular ver2
the man&ritU &+ the \ :lural n&un \ :lural ver2
`j: a)e m a uorit, believes t)at .e are in no "angerZ
23
`j: a)e mauorit, of t)e st("ents believe )im to be innocentZ
the :&licea#hee:a#h \ :lural ver2
`j: a)e s)eep are breaAing a.a,
`j: a)e poli c e come onl, to see t)e "ea" bo"ies an" a r(in in t)e banA
a c&u:le \ #ingular ver2
22
`j: [ co(ple is .alAing on t)e pat)
he c&u:le \ :lural ver2
`j: a)e co(ple are racing t)eir )orses t)ro(g) t)e mea"o.Z
*Gc c:m t6 Q bOng sa( c)m m4t n)?m 54ng v}t )onc gia sgcZ c)o "2 sa( giDi t6 &+ l< "an)
t6 sk n)iY( t)i 54ng t6 vfn c)ia t)eo ngTi c)= ng> c)ln) ngTi t)X 3 sk ltZ
&ck &+ 2ir%#* #hee: #ch&&l &+
#h her% &+ cattle :ri%e &+
li&n# :ack &+ %&g#
`j: a)e ocA of bir"s is circling over)ea"Z
aet cO cGc "an) t6 t}p t)U c)m t)7i gianM tiYn bHcM sk 5o 5Y( 538c jem l< 1 "an) t6 sk ltZ
1o 5? cGc
54ng t6 v< 5Hi t6 t)eo sa( c)gng p)Oi Q ngTi t)X 3 sk ltZ
`j: 25 "ollars is too m(c)ZZZZ
F&te: He )as contrib(te" 5SM an" no. )e .ants to contrib(te anot ) er 5 SZ
5' "ch #$ %ng a num2er &+* the num2er &+O
t num2er &+ { m4t sk lDn n)>ngZZZ nB( 5i vDi "an) t6 sk n)iY( t)i 54ng t6 c)ia Q ngTi
t)X ba sk
n)iY(Z
a num2er &+ \ :lural n&un \ :lural ver2
`j: [ n(mber of st("ents a r e going to t)e class picnic (a n(mber of { man,)Z
-)3ng the num2er &+ { m4t skZZZ 538c coi l< m4t tLng t)U sk ltM "o 5? c)o "2 sa( n? l<
m4t "an) t6
sk n)iY( t)i 54ng t6 vfn p)Oi c)ia Q ngTi t)X 3 sk ltZ
the num2er &+ \ :lural n&un \ #ingular ver2'''
`j: a)e n(mber of "a,s in a .eeA is sevenZ
7' "c %anh t lun %Png . #D nhiQu
&Ong sa( l< n)>ng "an) t6 bao gi7 chng Q )in) t)Gi sk n)iY( vi c)gng bao gTm 2 t)Vc t)U
nbn cGc 5Hi t6 v< 54ng t6 5i c2ng vDi c)gng chng p)Oi Q sk n)iY(Z
-ci##&r# #h&rt# 4ant# nean# t&ng#
r&u#er# eUegla##e# 4lier# tweeer#
-B( m(kn c)gng t)<n) ngTi sk lt p)Oi "2ng a :air &+ZZZ
`j: a)e pants are in t)e "ra.erZ
`j: [ pair of pants is in t)e "ra.erZ
8' hnh ng/ there i#* there are
a)<n) ng> n<, c)m sV t\n tHi c=a ng37i )onc v}t tHi m4t nsi n<o 5?Z *)= ng> t)}t c=a t)<n)
ng> n<, l< "an) t6 5i sa(Z -B( n? l< "an) t6 sk lt t)i 54ng t6 t& 2e c)ia Q ngTi t)X 3 sk lt
v< ng38c lHiZ
+ri biBn 5Li vY t)7i v< t)U 5Y( nom Q t& 2e c;n there gi>
ng(,bnZ `j: a)ere ) as b e en an incr e a s e in t)e
importation of foreign carsZ `j: a)ere ) ave b een a
n(mber of telep)o n e calls to"a,Z
N3( ~ cGc ce( trgc: t)ere is certain$ s(re$ liAel,$ bo(n" to be: *)Kc c)Kn l< s c?
`j: a)ere is s(re to be tro(ble .)en s)e gets )is letter
(*)Kc c)Kn l< s c? rKc rki A)i cT e, n)}n 538c t)3 an) ta)
23
`j: 1o ,o( t)inA t)ere is liAel, to be sno.
([n) c)o rong c)Kc c)Kn s c?
t(,Bt c)X)
2
arong "Hng tiBng [n) W(, c)(n )onc vwn c)3sng m4t sk cGc 54ng t6 A)Gc ngo<i t& 2e
chng 538c s9
":ng vDi there'
v4ng t6 trHng t)Gi: Stan"$ lie$ remain$ ejist$ live
v4ng t6 c)m sV 5Bn: enter$ go$ come$ follo.
&+
#tate
here \ ver2 \ n&un a#
#u2nect &+ arrival
`j: In a small to.n in derman, t)ere once live" a poor s)oemaAer
(aHi m4t t)P tren jyp Q vXc 5| t6ng c? m4t Tng t)8 gi<, ng)o skng Q 5?)
`j: a)ere remains not)ing more to be "one
(*)O c;n c? gi Q 5? n>a m< l<m)
`j: S(""enl, t)ere entere" a strange qg(re "resse" all in blacA
(&ng c? m4t )in) b?ng Ai lH 5i v<o mnc to<n 5\ 5en)
`j: a)ere follo.e" an (ncomfortable silence
(+4t sV im lnng 5Bn bet tiRn tiBp t)eo sa( 5?)
here \ #u2nect :r&n&un \ g&a c&mea 2e: Aia$ t)B l<$ r\i t)i
`j: a)ere )e comes
([n) ta 5| 5Bn r\i Aia Aia)
`j: a)ere ,o( areM I )ave been .aiting for ,o( for over an )o(r
([n) 5I, r\iM tTi 5ang c)7 an) 5Bn )sn m4t tiBng r\i 5e,)
here \ 2e \ name &+ :e&:le : a)i c? ZZ ZZ 5e, t)Ti ZZ -)om 5U g8i ta sV c)g ~ 5Bn
here \ 2e \ alwaU# \ n&un: a)i lgc n<o c)O c? ZZ m4t giOi p)Gp A)O "E c)o 1 ven
5Y
`j: #)om co(l" .e asA - #ellM t)ere is _amesM or +iran"aM or [nnM or S(eZZZ
`j: #)ere can )e sleep$- #ellM t)ere is al.a,s t)e attic
here wa# thi# \ n&un: *)ln) l< cGi ZZZ n<, 5e, (5U mQ 5]( c)o m4t cI( c)(,Rn)
`j: a)ere .as t)is manM seeM an" )e co(l" not get (p in t)e morningZ So )e ZZZ
(-<,M c)ln) l< cGi an) c)<ng n<, 5e,M an) ta A)Tng "}, 538c b(Li sGngZ a)B l< an)
taZZZ
here Hlm tEnh tJ: c)ln) cGi$ con$ ng37i e,
`j: dive t)at booA t)ereM please(N<m sn 53a c)o tTi c)ln)
c(kn sGc) e,) a)at t)ere "og: *)ln) con c)? e, 5e,
a)at t)ere girlM s)e broAe t.o recor"s of spee"
(*)ln) cT gGi e, 5e,M cT ta 5| p)G )ai Am l:c vY tkc 54)
2
RBi
t
*)ia l<m 5 loHi vDi cGc c)Xc nwng s9 ":ng A)Gc n)a(Z
(' RBi t nhSn x=ng H"h;
ng/J
j ue
d&u d&u
me
-he heU
jt
vXng 5]( cI(M l<m c)= ng>M W(,Bt 5Pn) viRc c)ia 54ng t6
vXng sa( 54ng t6 t& 2e
`j: a)e teac)ers .)o .ere invite" to t)e part, .ere deorgeM &ill an" IZ
`j: It .as s)e .)o calle" ,o(Z
vXng 5ong sa( cGc p)? t6 so sGn) n)3 than* a# (bi cv 2Tn)
vong sa( cGc ngTi sk n)iY( n)3 we* U&u c? W(,Yn "2ng m4t "an) t6 sk n)iY( trVc tiBp 5ong
sa(Z
`j: #e st("ents are going to )ave a part, (Sin) vibn c)gng tTi ZZZZZ)
`j: o( g(,s (&rn m<,)
uea d&ua heU \ alla 2&th
`j: #e all go to sc)ool noZ - a)e, bot) bo(g)t t)e ens(rance - o( all come s)oppingZ
-)3ng nB( all )onc 2&th 5i vDi cGc 5Hi t6 n<, Q "Hng cI( c? 54ng t6 Ayp t)i all )onc
2&th s 5Xng sa( tr8 54ng t6 H6uture* :r&gre##ive* :er+ectJ
`j: #e .ill all go to sc)ool nejt .eeAZ
`j: a)e, ) ave b o t) bo(g)t t)e ins(ranceZ
tll v< W&th chng p)Oi 5Xng sa( 54ng t6 t& 2e trbn tln) t6
`j: #e are all rea", to go s.immingZ
12ng hea#he t)a, t)B c)o cGc v}t n(Ti nB( c)gng 538c jem l< c? tln) cGc)M t)Tng min)
)onc tin) cOm
(c)?M moM
ngVaZZZ)
`j: do an" qn" t)e cat if .)ere s)e sta,s inZ
`j: Ho.s ,o(r ne. car aerrriqcM s)e is r(nning be(tif(ll,Z
abn n3Dc 538c t)a, t)B trang trrng bong #he (ng<, na, it "2ng)Z
`j: `nglan" is an islan" co(ntr, an" s)e is governe" b, a mornac)Z
)' RBi t nhSn x=ng tSn
ng/
me u#
U&u U&u
him
her them
it
vXng 5ong sa( cGc 54ng t6 v< cGc giDi t6 l<m tIn ng> : u#a U&ua them \ alla 2&th
`j: a)e, invite" (s all (all of (s) to t)e part, last nig)tZ
vong sa( u# c? t)U "2ng m4t "an) t6 sk n)iY( trVc tiBp
`j: a)e teac)er )as ma"e a lot of W(estions for (s st("entsZ
25
,' Enh t #.
h/u
mU &ur
U&ur
U&ur
hi#
her
their it#
vXng tr3Dc m4t "an) t6 v< c)m sV sQ )>( c=a ng37i )onc v}t 5ki vDi "an) t6 5?Z
0' RBi t #.
h/u
mine &ur#
U&ur#
U&ur# hi#
her#
their# it#
-g37i ta "2ng 5Hi t6 sQ )>( 5U trGn) A)Ji p)Oi n)Kc lHi tln) t6 sQ )>( + "an) t6 5| n?i Q
trbnZ
vXng 5]( cI( l<m c)= ng> v< W(,Bt 5Pn) viRc c)ia 54ng t6Z
vXng sa( cGc p)? t6 so sGn) n)3 than )onc a#
`j: o(r teac)er is t)e same as )is teac)erZ o(rs is t)e same as )isZ
vXng sa( 54ng t6 t& 2e
vXng 5ong sa( m4t 54ng t6 )<n) 54ng l<m tIn ng>Z
`j: I forgot m, )ome.orAZ I forgot mine
3' RBi t :hTn
thSn
mU#el+ &ur#elve#
U&ur#el+
U&ur#elve# him#el+
her#el+
them#elve# it#el+
12ng 5U "izn 5Ht c)= ng> l<m m4t viRc gi c)o c)ln) min)Z arong tr37ng )8p n<, n? 5Xng
nga, 5ong sa( 54ng t6 )onc giDi t6 +&r Q c(ki cI(Z
`j: I .as)e" m,self
`j: He sent t)e letter to )imselfZ
12ng 5U n)en mHn) v<o viRc c)= ng> tV l<m le, viRc giM trong tr37ng )8p n<, n? 5Xng
nga, sa( c)=
ng>Z arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p n? c? t)U 5Xng Q c(ki cI(M A)i n?i )si ng3ng lHi m4t c)gtZ
`j: I m,self believe t)at t)e proposal is goo"Z
`j: S)e prepare" t)e nine-co(rse meal )ersel fZ
WU \ &ne#el+: m4t min)Z
`j: _o)n .as)e" t)e "is)es b, )imself (alone)
2!
Sn
ng/
(' R<ng t %Png lm tSn ng/
C)Tng p)Oi bet cX 54ng t6 n<o trong tiBng [n) chng 5Y( 5;i )Ji tIn ng> 5Xng sa( n? l< m4t
"an) t6Z +4t sk cGc 54ng t6 lHi 5;i )Ji tIn ng> sa( n? p)Oi l< m4t 54ng t6 A)GcZ *)gng c)ia l<m
)ai loHiZ
)' R<ng t nguUVn thN l tSn ng/
&Ong "3Di 5I, l< n)>ng 54ng t6 5;i )Ji tIn ng> sa( n? l< m4t 54ng t6 ng(,bn t)U A)GcZ
agree attempt claim "eci"e "eman"
"esire ejpect fail forget )esitate
)ope inten" learn nee" oer
plan prepare preten" ref(se seem
strive ten" .ant .is)
`j: _o)n ejpects to begin st(",ing la. nejt semesterZ
,' 1er2 Ling %Png lm tSn ng/
&Ong "3Di 5I, l< n)>ng 54ng t6 5;i )Ji tIn ng> t)eo sa( n? p)Oi l< m4t 1er2 L ing
a"mit appreciate avoi" cant )elp consi"er
"ela, "en, enuo, qnis) min"
miss postpone practice W(it recall
repeat resent resist res(me risA
s(ggest
`j: _o)n a"mitte" stealing t)e ue.elsZ
N3( ~ rong trong bOng n<, c? mf( 54ng t6 cant hel: %&inga 2ut %& #mt: A)Tng t)U 56ng
538c p)Oi l<m gi
#it) s(c) goo" orangesM .e cant )elp b(,ing (b(t b(,) t.o Ailos at a timeZ
-B( m(kn t)<n) l}p t)U p)= 5Pn) c)o cGc 54ng t6 trbn 5I, "2ng l<m tIn ng> p)Oi 5nt
n&t tr3Dc ng(,bn t)U )onc ver2 L ingZ
&Ong "3Di 5I, l< n)>ng 54ng t6 m< tIn ng> sa( n? c? t)U l< m4t 54ng t6 ng(,bn t)U )onc
m4t ver2 L ing m< ng> ng)Ea A)Tng t)a, 5LiZ
begin cant stan" contin(e "rea"
)ate liAe love prefer
start tr,
N3( ~ rong trong bOng n<, c? m4t 54ng t6 cant #tan% t& %&a%&ing #mtO khng thN
chu 7ng
=9c khi :hTi lm g`'
He cant stan" to .aita .aiting s(c) a long timeZ
0' WDn <ng t Ic 2iXt
v? l< n)>ng 54ng t6 m< ng> ng)Ea c=a c)gng s 5Li A)Gc )o<n to<n A)i tIn ng> sa( n? l<
m4t 54ng t6
ng(,bn t)U )onc ver2 L ingZ
(J -t&: t& %& #mtO %ng lBi N lm g`
)J -t&: %&ing #mtO %ng lm viXc g`
,J Remem2er t& %& #mtO FhY #o :hTi lm g`
I remember to sen" a letter at t)e post oce tomoro. morningZ
2%
0J Remem2er %&ing #mtO FhY l x lm g`
I remember locAing t)e "oor before leavingM b(t no. I cant qn" t)e Ae,Z
20
vnc biRt n? t)37ng 538c "2ng vDi mf( cI(: - \ #till remem2er \ 1Ling O 1n c8n nhY l
x'''
I still remember b(,ing t)e qrst motorbiAe
3J 6&rget t& %& #mtO iuVn #o :hTi lm g`
I forgot to picA(p m, c)il" after sc)ool
5J 6&rget %&ing #mtO H"hc =9c %Png tr&ng cc mu cSu :h; nh'
vnc biRt n? t)37ng 538c "2ng vDi mf( cI( - \ will never +&rget \ 1LingO #o khng 2a&
gi> iuVn
=9c l x '''
S)e .ill never forget meeting t)e (eenZ
7J Regret t& %& #mtO bGU lm tiZc v` :hTi Hth=>ng 2& tin xGuJ
#e regret to inform t)e passengers t)at t)e ig)t for #as)ington 1* .as cancele"
beca(se of t)e ba" .eat)erZ
8J Regret %&ing #mtO bGU lm tiZc v` x
He regrets leaving sc)ool earl,Z Its a big mistaAeZ
3' "c <ng t ?ng #au giYi t
aet cO cGc 54ng t6 5Xng sa( giDi t6 5Y( p)Oi Q "Hng 1Ling
+4t sk cGc 54ng t6 t)37ng 5i Am vDi giDi t6 t&' C)Tng 538c n)]m lfn giDi t6 n<, vDi t&
c=a 54ng t6
ng(,bn t)UZ
Verb + prepositions + V-
ing
approve of be better of co(nt on "epen" on
give (p insist on Aeep on p(t o
rel, on s(ccee" in t)inA abo(nt t)inA of
.orr, abo(nt obuect to looA for.ar" to confess to
're" confesse" to stealing t)e ue.els
["uective + prepositions + V-
ing
acc(stome" to afrai" of capable of fon"
of intent on intereste" in s(ccessf(l in tire"
of
+itc) is afrai" of getting marrie" no.Z
-o(n + prepositions + V-
ing
c)oice of ejc(se for intention of met)o" for
possibilit, of reason for (met)o" of)
a)ere is no r eason for leaving t)is earl,Z
C)Tng p)Oi bet cX tln) t6 n<o chng 5Y( 5;i )Ji sa( n? l< m4t giDi t6 + 1LingZ -)>ng tln)
t6 Q bOng sa( lHi 5;i )Ji sa( n? l< m4t 54ng t6 ng(,bn t)UZ
anjio(s boring "angero(s )ar"
eager eas, goo" strange
please" prepare" rea", able
(s(al common "ic(lt
It is "ange r o(s to "rive in t)is .eat)erZ
a2lea una2le t& %& #mt ] ca:a2lea inca:a2le &+ %&ing #mt'
5' 1Gn Q cc Bi t ?ng tr=Yc <ng t nguUVn thN h&Ic 1Ling %Png lm tSn ng/'
vXng tr3Dc m4t 54ng t6 ng(,bn t)U l<m tIn ng> t)i "Hng c=a 5Hi t6 v< "an) t6 s l< tIn ng>Z
2@
allo. asA beg convince ejpect instr(ct
invite or"er permit pers(a"e prepare promise
remin" (rge .ant
20
- \ 1 \ c&m:lement +&rm H:r&n&una n&unJ \ t& \ ver2
_oe as A e" +ar, to call )im .)en s)e
.oAe (pZ #e or " ere" ) im to appear in
co(rtZ
a(, n)ibn 5Xng tr3Dc m4t 1L ing l<m tIn ng> t)i "Hng c=a 5Hi t6 v< "an) t6 s l< sQ )>(Z
-u2nect \ ver2 \ :&##e##ive +&rm H:r&n&una n&unJ \ ver2Ling
#e (n"e r stan" ,o(r not b eing able to
sta, longerZ #e ob uect to t)eir calling at
t)is )o(rZ
"ch #$ %ng cc <ng t 2n khiZm
khuUZt
2@
(' Fee%
1) 12ng n)3 m4t 54ng t6 t)37ng: 538c s9 ":ng ra sao c;n t2, v<o c)= ng> c=a n?
aJ hhi ch; ng/ l m<t <ng vMt \ nee% \ t& \ ver2
+, frien" nee"s to learn Spanis)Z
2J hhi ch; ng/ l m<t 2Gt <ng vMt \ nee% \ t& 2e \ 4
)
a 1Ling
a)e grass n e e"s c(tting tc a)e grass n e e"s to b e c(t
Fee% ] t& 2e in nee% &+ \
n&un
_ill is in nee" of mone, (_ill nee"s mone,)Z
uant v Reiuire chng 538c "2ng t)eo mf( cI( n<,
uanta Reiuire \ ver2L
ing
o(r )air .ants c(tting
[ll cars reW(ire servicing reg(larl,
2) -ee" 538c s9 ":ng n)3 m4t 54ng t6 A)iBm A)(,Bt
N(Tn Q "Hng )iRn tHiZ
-gTi t)X ba sk lt A)Tng c? "#" t}n c2ng
*)m "2ng Q t)U ng)i ven v< p)= 5Pn)
C)Tng "2ng vDi tr8 54ng t6 t& %&'
Sa( nee% p)Oi l< m4t 54ng t6 bJ Ft&"
#e nee"nt reserve seats - t)ere .ill be plent,
of roomsZ -ee" I qll o(t t)e form
12ng sa( cGc t6 n)3 i+a whethera &nlUa #carcelUa har%lUa n& &ne
I .on"er if I nee" qll o(t t)e form
a)is is t)e onl, form ,o( nee" qll o(tZ
Fee%nt \ have \ 4
)
O bo ra khng c_n :hTi
o( nee"nt ) ave co m e so earl, - onl, .aste ,o(r timeZ
b=u {O Fee%nt ] khng c_n :hTi tr&ng khi mu#tnt ] khng =9c :hz:'
)' [are
1) C)i "2ng vDi ng)Ea l< F"GmF
C)Tng "2ng Q t)U A)ng 5Pn)M c)m "2ng Q t)U ng)i ven v< p)= 5Pn)Z -? c? t)U "2ng vDi tr8
54ng t6 t& %& )onc vDi c)ln) bOn t)In n?Z v4ng t6 sa( n? vY mnt l~ t)(,Bt l< c? t& n)3ng
trbn t)Vc tB t)37ng bJZ
1i" t)e, "are (to) "o s(c) a t)ing { 1a r e" t)e, "o s(c) a t)ing
He "i"nt "a r e (to) sa, an,t)ing { He "are" not sa, an,t)ingZ
[are A)Tng 538c "2ng Q t)U A)ng 5Pn) ngoHi tr6 t)<n) ng> j %are #aUa j %are#aU vDi 2
ng)Ea sa(:
aTi c)o rong: I "are sa, t)ere .ill be a resta(rant car at t)e en" of t)e train
aTi t)6a n)}n l<: I "aresa, ,o( are
rig)tZ
m&w %area %are% \ - \ 1er2 in #im:le +&rmO -a& ''' %m Ht@ #7 giMn gi/J
"ch #$ %ng cc <ng t 2n khiZm
khuUZt
3S
Ho. "are" ,o( open m, letter: Sao m<, "Gm mQ t)3 c=a taoZ
2) 1are "2ng n)3 m4t ngoHi 54ng t6
+ang ng)Ea t)Gc) t)Xc:
31
[are #2 t& %& #mtO hch ai lm g`
a)e, "are t)e bo, to s.im across t)e river in s(c) a col" .eat)erZ
"ch #$ %ng t& 2e tr&ng m<t #D
tr=>ng h9:
31
& 2e &+ \ n&un ] t& haveO ce H%Png N chc tEnh chGt h&Ic t`nh cTmJ
+ar, is of a gentle nat(re: +ar, c? m4t bOn c)et t9 tBZ
& 2e &+ \ n&unO FhGn mBnh ch& %anh t ?ng yng #au
a)e ne.l,-opene" resta(rant is of (Q nga,) t)e Neceister SW(are
& 2e \ t& \ ver2O l %Bng cGu tB& Ic 2iXt =9c #$ %ng tr&ng nh/ng tr=>ng h9:
#auO
vU tr(,Yn 5Ht cGc mRn) lRn) )onc cGc c)m "fn t6 ngTi t)X n)et W(a ngTi t)X )ai 5Bn ngTi
t)X baZ
-o one is to leave t)is b(il"ing .it)o(t t)e permission of t)e policeZ
12ng vDi mRn) 5Y i+ A)i mRn) 5Y c)ln) "izn 5Ht m4t cI( tiYn 5iY( AiRn: +4t 5iY( p)Oi
jO, ra tr3Dc n)et nB( m(kn m4t 5iY( A)Gc s jO, raZ (-B( m(knZZZ t)i p)OiZZ)
|x(O If .e a r e to get t)ere b, l(nc) time .e )a" better )(rr,Z
|x)O Smt m(st be "one W(icAl, if t)e en"angere" bir"s are to be save "Z
|x,O He Ane. )e .o(l" )ave to .orA )ar" if )e .as to pass )is ejam
v38c "2ng 5U t)Tng bGo n)>ng ,b( c]( jin c)m "fn
He asAe" t)e air trac control .)ere )e .as to lan"Z
v38c "2ng ret p)L biBn 5U tr(,Yn 5Ht m4t "V 5Pn)M m4t sV sKp 5ntM 5nc biRt A)i n? l< c)ln)
t)XcZ
|x(O S)e is to get marrie" nejt mont)Z
|x)O a)e ejpe"ition is to s tart in a .eeAZ
|x,O #e are to get a ten percent .age rise in _(neZ
*e( trgc n<, ret t)Tng ":ng trbn bGo c)lM A)i l< tVa 5Y bGo t)i t& 2e 538c bJ 5i 5U tiBt
AiRm c)Z
a)e Primer +inister (is) to maAe a statement tomorro.Z
were \ - \ t& \ ver2 ] i+ \ - \ were \ t& \ ver2 ] thZ nZu H%ikn Bt m<t giT
thuUZtJ
#ere I to tell ,o( t)at )e passe" )is ejamsM .o(l" ,o( believe meZ
wa#a were \ t& \ ver2O RN %ikn Bt { t=.ng vQ m<t #D mXnh x nh #n
|x(O a)e, sai" goo"b,e .it)o(t Ano.ing t)at t)e, .ere never to meet againZ
|x)O Since 10SM [merican Presi"ents electe" in ,ears en"ing in ero .ere to be "ie"
() a v e been "esti n e" to "ie)in oceZ
t& 2e a2&ut t& \ ver2 ] near +uture H#^: #$aJ
a)e, are abo(t to leaveZ
arong m4t sk "Hng cI( 5nc biRt
We \ a%n ''' m. _u ch& m<t ng/ ] t@ ra'''
&e careless (aJ ra bet cnZZZ) in a national parA .)ere t)ere are bears aro(n" an" t)e res(lt
are liAel, to be tragical in"ee"
We \ #u2nect \ n&una n&un :hra#ea a%nective ] ch& %P l
Societies )ave fo(n" vario(s met)o"s to s(pport an" train t)eir artistsM be it (c)o "2 l<ZZZ)
t)e cenaissance s,stem of ro,al s(pport of t)e sc(lptors an" painters of t)e perio" or
t)e _apanese tra"ition of passing
artistic Ano.le"ge from fat)er to sonZ
ao )ave tec)niW(e is to possess t)e p),sical ejpertise to perform .)atever steps a given
.orA ma, containM be t)e, simp le or compl e j :
(*? 538c A t)(}t l< s c? 538c sV 5ib( l(,Rn vY mnt cs t)U 5U t)Vc )iRn bet A n)>ng
b3Dc vh n<o m< m4t 5iR( vh 5| 5Pn) sn c? t)U bao g\mM c)o "2 l< c)gng 5sn giOn )a,
p)Xc tHp)
32
"ch #$ %ng t&
get
tr&ng m<t #D tr=>ng h9: Ic
2iXt
(' & get \ 4
)
get wa#he%a %re##e%a :re:are%a l&#ta %r&wne%a engage%a marrie%a %iv&rce%'
*)m viRc c)= ng> tV l<m le, )onc trHng t)Gi m< c)= ng> 5ang
Q trong 5?Z o( .ill )ave 5 min(tes to get "resse" (ZZZ tV mnc
W(]n Go)
He got lost in ol" +arAet Street ,ester"a,Z (trHng t)Gi lHc)
a(,Rt n)ibn A)Tng 538c lfn tr37ng )8p n<, vDi 54ng t6 bP 54ngZ
v4ng t6 t& 2e c? t)U "2ng t)a, t)B c)o get trong loHi cI( n<,Z
)' Get \ 1Ling ] -tart \ 1LingO W^t _u lm g`
#e" better get movingM its lateZ
,' Get #2a#mt \1LingO bm aia ci g` 2^t _u'
Please get ) im talAing abo(t t)e main tasAZ (N<m sn bOo an) ta bKt 5]( n?i vY n)iRm v:
c)ln) 5i)
#)en .e g et t)e ) eater r (nningM t)e .)ole car .ill start to .arm (pZ (C)i c)gng ta c)o
mG, s3Qi bKt 5]( c)H,)
0' Get \ t& \ ver2
aim 538c cGc)Z
#e co(l" get to enter t)e sta"i(m .it)o(t ticAetsZ(*)gng tTi 5| tim 538c cGc) lrt v<oZZZ)
*? cs ma,Z
#)en "o I get to )ave a promotionZ(C)i n<o tTi c? cs ma, 538c twng l3sng 5I,)
v38c p)yp
[t last .e got to meet t)e general "irectorZ (*(ki c2ng t)i r\i c)gng tTi chng 538c p)yp gnp)
3' Get \ t& \ 1er2 Hchc vGn Q hnh <ngJ ] "&me \ t& \ 1er2 Hchc vGn Q nhMn
th?cJ ] Gra%uallU ] %_n %_n
#e .ill get to speaA `nglis) more easil, as time goes b,Z
He co m es to (n"ers tan" t)at learning `nglis) is not m(c) "ic(lt
"Su
h@i
33
aiBng [n) c? n)iY( loHi cI( )Ji bao g\m n)>ng c)Xc nwng v< m:c 5lc) A)Gc n)a(
3
"Su h@i de#a F&
auxiliar
U
2e \ - \
1 ''' %&* %&e#* %i%
SQ "E gri l< n)3 v}, vi A)i trO l7i 538c "2ng de#a F& Q 5]( cI(Z -bn n)D rong :
de# \ 4&#itive
ver2
F& \ Fegative ver2'
t(,Rt 5ki A)Tng 538c trO l7i t)eo AiU( cI( tiBng ViRtZ
(' "Su h@i thng 2&
N< loHi cI( "2ng vDi m4t loHt cGc 5Hi t6 ng)i ven
a) #)o$ .)at l<m c)= ng>
wh&
wha
t
\ ver2 \ Hc&m:lementJ \ Hm&%ierJ
vXng 5]( cI( l<m c)= ng> v< W(,Bt 5Pn) viRc c)ia 54ng t6Z v4ng t6 sa( n? nB( Q t)7i
)iRn tHi p)Oi c)ia Q ngTi t)X 3 sk ltZ
#)at )appene" last nig)t
b) #)om$ .)at l<m tIn
ng>
wh&m
what
\
auxiliarU
%&* %&e#*
%i%
\ - \ 1 \ Hm&%i+ierJ
*)gng vfn 5Xng 5]( cI( n)3ng l<m tIn ng> c)o cI( )JiZ -bn n)D rong trong tiBng [n)
W(i c)(n bKt b(4c p)Oi "2ng wh&m mnc "2 trong vwn n?i c? t)U "2ng wh& t)a, c)o
wh&m (bi cv 2TnJ'
#) a t "i" deorge b(, at t)e storeZ
c) *I( )Ji n)Km v<o cGc bL ng>: #)enM #)ereM Ho. v< #),
when
wher
e
h&w
whU
auxiliarU
\
2e
%&* %&e#* %i%
\ - \ 1 \ c&m:lement \ m&%ier
Ho. "i" +aria get to sc)ool to"a,
)' "Su h@i gin tiZ:
N< loHi cI( mang n)>ng 5nc tln) n)3 sa(:
*I( c? )ai t)<n) p)]n nki vDi n)a( bong m4t 5Hi t6 ng)i venZ
v4ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y )ai p)Oi 5nt j(Ti t)eo c)= ng>M A)Tng 538c ce( tHo cI( )JiZ
vHi t6 ng)i ven A)Tng c)m l< 1 t6 m< c;n bao g\m 2 )onc 3 t6Z
35
"Su
h@i
- \ 1 H:hra#eJ \ iue#ti&n w&r% \ - \ 1
a)e a(t)orities cant qg(re o(t .), t)e plane lan"e" at t)e .rong airportZ
35
auxiliarU \ - \ 1 \ iue#ti&n w&r% \ - \ 1
1o ,o( Ano. .)ere )e
.ent Z
Que#ti&n w&r% c? t)U l< m4t :hra#eO wh&#e \ n&un* h&w manU* h&w much* h&w
l&ng* h&w &+ten* what time* what kin%'
I )ave no i"ea )o. long t) e intervie.
.ill taAeZ
,' "Su h@i ce
ui
*I( c)ia l<m )ai t)<n) p)]n tGc) biRt n)a( bQi
"e( p),Z
-B( 54ng t6 Q t)<n) p)]n c)ln) c)ia Q t)U A)ng 5Pn) t)i 54ng t6 Q p)]n 5(Ti c)ia Q t)U
p)= 5Pn) v< ng38c lHiZ
a)7i c=a 54ng t6 Q 5(Ti p)Oi t)eo t)7i c=a 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y
c)ln)Z
v4ng t6 t)37ng "2ng vDi tr8 54ng t6 t& %&' *Gc 54ng t6 Q t)7i Ayp "2ng vDi c)ln) tr8 54ng
t6 c=a n?Z
v4ng t6 t& 2e 538c p)yp "2ng trVc
tiBpZ
*Gc t)<n) ng> there i#M t)ere are v< it i# 538c "2ng lHi Q
p)]n 5(TiZ
arong tiBng [n) c=a ng37i +M t& have l< 54ng t6 t)37ngM "o v}, n? p)Oi "2ng vDi tr8
54ng t6 t& %&'
|x(O o( )ave t.o c)il"renM "ont
,o(
|x)O He s)o ( l" sta, in be"M
s ) o(l"nt )e
|x,O S)e )as been st(",i n g `nglis) for t.o ,earsM
)asnt s)e
N3( ~: A)i s9 ":ng loHi cI( )Ji n<, nbn n)D rong ng37i )Ji c)m n)om 5U A)ng 5Pn) ~ AiBn
c=a min) 5| biBt c)X A)Tng n)om 5U )JiZ 1o 5? A)i c)em cI( )iU( trong at`'NM p)Oi "Va v<o
t)U 54ng t6 c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln) c)X A)Tng "Va v<o t)U 54ng t6 Q p)]n 5(TiZ
Ex: _o)n can get +ar, to pla, t)isM
cant )e
*orrect ans.er: _o)n believes t)at +ar, .ill pla,
t)is for (sZ
3!
bDi nei :h hfa khgng nh v :h; nh
(' hhgng nh
N< lki n?i p): )ra lHi ~ A)ng 5Pn) c=a ng37i A)Gc t3sng 53sng vDi ce( trgc tiBng ViRt ch ng
t)BZ
*e( trgc 538c "2ng s l< #&* t&&'
v4ng t6 t& 2e 538c p)yp "2ng trVc tiBpM 54ng t6 t)37ng "2ng vDi tr8 54ng t6 t& %&' *Gc
54ng t6 Q
t)7i Ayp ('(t(reM perfectM progressive) "2ng vDi c)ln) tr8 54ng t6
c=a n?Z
armative #tatement H2eJ \
an% \
I am )app,M an" ,o( a r e too
I am )app,M an" so are ,o(Z
armative #tatement \
an% \ Hc&m:&un%
ver2J
a)e, .ill .orA in t)e lab tomorro.M an" ,o(
.ill tooZ
- \ auxiliarU &nlU \
t&& #& \ auxiliarU
&nlU \ -
a)e, .ill .orA in t)e lab tomorro.M an" so .ill ,o(Z
armative #tatement \
an% \ Hc&m:&un%
ver2J
- \ %&* %&e#* &r %i% \
t&& #& \ %&* %&e#* &r
%i% \ -
_ane g o e s to t)at sc)oolM an" m, sister "oes tooZ
_ane goes to t)at sc)oolM an" so " oes m,
sisterZ
)' 4h; nh
vU p): )ra lHi ~ p)= 5Pn) c=a ng37i A)GcM t3sng 53sng vDi ce( trgc tiBng ViRt chng A)TngZ
a)<n) ng> 538c s9 ":ng s l< either v< neither' -bn
n)D rong: Fegative
ver2 \ |ither Feither
\ :&#itive ver2
S9 ":ng gikng lki n?i p): )ra A)ng 5Pn) vDi 3 loHi: t& 2e* 54ng t6 t)37ng v< cGc 54ng t6 Q
t)7i AypZ
negative #tatement \
an% \
I "i"nt see +ar, t)is morningM an" _o)n "i"nt eit)er
I "i"nt see +ar, t)is morningM an" neit)er "i" _o)nZ
b=u {O *Gc lki n?i me t&& v< me neither c)m 538c "2ng trong vwn n?iM t(,Rt 5ki A)Tng
538c "2ng trong vwn viBtZ
"Su :h;
nh
RN cGu tB& cSu :h; nh It n&t #auO
v4ng t6 t& 2e - ar8 54ng t6 t& %& c=a 54ng t6 t)37ng - cGc tr8 54ng t6 Q t)7i AypZ
vnt anU 5ong tr3Dc "an) t6 5U n)en mHn) trong p)= 5Pn)Z -bn n)D rong trong tiBng [n) c=a
ng37i +
t)i n&t anU \ n&un ] n&t '''' a #ingle n&un'
He "i"nt sell a single magaine ,ester"a,Z
arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p 5U n)en mHn) v<o p)= 5Pn) c=a "an) t6Z -g37i ta 5U 54ng t6 Q
"Hng A)ng
5Pn) v< 5nt n& tr3Dc "an) t6Z Ngc 5? n& ] n&t ''' at all'
M<t #D cc cSu h@i . %Bng :h; nh #o mang hai nghaO
-)en mHn) c)o sV A)ng 5Pn) c=a ng37i n?iZ
S)o(l"nt ,o( p(t on ,o(r )atM too : a)B t)i an) chng 54i l(Tn mh v<o 5iZ
1i"nt ,o( sa, t)at ,o( .o(l" come to t)e part, tonig)t: a)B an) 5| c)ng n?i l< an) 5i
"V tiRc tki na, )a, saoZ
12ng 5U tGn "3sng
#asnt t)e .eat)er .on"erf(l ,ester"a,: a)7i tiBt )Tm W(a 5xp t(,Rt v7iZ
#o(l"nt it b e nice if .e "i"nt )ave to .orA on 'ri"a,: a)}t l< t(,Rt v7i A)i c)gng ta
A)Tng p)Oi l<m viRc ng<, t)X !Z
Fegative \ Fegative ] 4&#itive'Hem:ha#iing L FhGn mBnhJ
Its (nbelieveable )e is not ric)Z
Fegative \ c&m:arative Hm&rea le##J ] #u:erlative
I co(l"nt agree .it) ,o( less { absol(tel, "isagreeZ
o( co(l"nt )ave go n e to t)e beac) on a better "a, { t)e best "a, to go to t)e beac)Z
-)3ng p)Oi )Bt sXc cn t)}n vi :
He co(l"nt ) ave been m o r e (nfrien"l, (t)e most (nfrien"l,) .)en I
met )im qrstZ a)e s(rger, c o(l"nt )ave been more ( nnecessar,
(absol(tel, (nnecessar,)Z
Fegative''' evena#till le##amuch le## \ n&una ver2 in #im:le +&rmO A)Tng ZZZ m< lHi
c<ng A)TngZ
a)ese st("ents "ont liAe rea"ing novelM m(c) less tejtbooAZ
Its (nbelieveable )o. )e co(l" )ave s(rvive" s(c) a freefallM m( c ) less live to tell abo(t it
on television
+4t sk cGc p)? t6 trong tiBng [n) mang ng)Ea p)= 5Pn)M A)i 5| "2ng n? trong cI( A)Tng
538c ce( tHo t)U p)= 5Pn) c=a 54ng t6 n>aZ
har%lU* 2arelU* #carcelU ] alm&#t n& ] h_u nh= khng'
har%lUever* #el%&m* rarelU ] alm&#t never ] h_u nh= khng 2a& gi>'
#u2nect \ negative a%ver2 \ :&#itive
ver2
#u2nect \ t& 2e \ negative a%ver2
N3( ~ rong cGc p)? t6 n<, A)Tng mang ng)Ea p)= 5Pn) )o<n to<n m< mang ng)Ea g]n n)3 p)=
5Pn)Z vnc biRt l< n)>ng t6 n)3 2arelU v< #carcelU A)i 5i vDi n)>ng t6 n)3 en&ugh v< &nlU
)onc n)>ng t)<n) ng> c)m sV c)ln) jGcZ
S)e barel, maAe it to class on time: *T ta 5Bn lDp v6a vnn
5gng gi7Z
1o ,o( )ave eno(g) mone, for t)e t(tion fee tnl, barel, (Scarcel,
eno(g)):V6a 5=Z
vki vDi n)>ng 54ng t6 n)3 t& think* t& 2elieve* t& #u::&#e* t& imagine \ that \
#enten#eZ P)Oi ce( tHo p)= 5Pn) Q cGc 54ng t6 5?M A)Tng 538c ce( tHo p)= 5Pn) Q mRn) 5Y
t)X )aiZ
I "ont t)inA ,o( came to class
,ester"a,Z I "ont believe s)e sta,s
at )ome no.Z
arong "Hng informal stan"ar" `nglis) (tiBng [n) W(i c)(n "2ng t)37ng ng<,) m4t ce(
trgc p)= 5Pn) ng3ng A)Tng mang ng)Ea p)= 5Pn) 5Ti A)i 538c s9 ":ng sa( n)>ng ~ c)m sV
ng)i ng7 )onc A)Tng c)Kc c)KnM 5nc biRt l< p)= 5Pn) AypZ
Ex: I s)o(l"nt be s(prise" if t)e, "i"nt get marrie" soon (if t)e, got
marrie" soon)Z
aTi s A)Tng le, l<m ngHc n)ibn nB( )r le,
n)a( sDmZ
30
Ex: I .on"er .)et)er I o(g)tnt to go an" see a "octorZ Im feeling a bit f(nn,Z
aTi tV )Ji jem l< liR( tTi c? nbn 5i A)Gm bGc s A)TngZ aTiZZZ
F& matter \ wh&awhatawhichawhereawhenah&w \ S(buect + verb in present: 12 c?ZZZ
5i c)wng n>aZZZ t)i
Ex: -o matter .)o telep)onesM sa, Im o(tZ
*)o "2 l< ai gri 5Bn t)i )|, bOo l< tTi 5i vKngZ
Ex: -o matter .)ere ,o( goM ,o( .ill qn" *oca-*ola
*)o "2 an) c? 5i 5Bn 5I(M an) chng s tim t)e, n3Dc *oca-*ola
b=u { (: -o matter .)o { .)oever$ -o matter .)at { .)atever
Ex: -o matter .)at (.)atever) ,o( sa,M I .ont believe ,o(Z
*)o "2 l< m<, c? n?i gi 5i c)wng n>aM tao chng A)Tng tinZ
b=u { ): *Gc ce( trgc n<, c? t)U 5Xng c(ki cI( m< A)Tng c]n c? mRn) 5Y t)eo sa(:
Ex: I .ill al.a,s love ,o(M no matter .)atZ
F&t ''' at all: *)ng c)gt n<oZ
I "i"nt (n"erstan" an,t)ing at allZ
S)e .as )ar"l, frig)tene" at all
tt all c;n 538c "2ng trong cI( )JiM 5nc biRt vDi n)>ng t6 n)3 i+aeveraanU'''
1o ,o( pla, poAer at all ([n) c? c)sI ba
t)i n? sZZZ) o( can come .)eever ,o( liAe - an,time at all (V<o bet cX lgc
n<o c)wng n>a)
F&t at allO C)Tng c? c)i (5U 5Gp lHi l7i cOm sn)
S(buect + linA verb in negative + at all + a"uective
He isnt at all satisqe" .it) )is qnal paper
3@
MXnh lXnh
th?c
*)ia l<m 2 loHi: arVc tiBp v< giGn tiBpZ
+Rn) lRn) t)Xc trVc tiBp
*lose t)e "oor
Please "ont t(rn o t)e lig)tZ
+Rn) lRn) t)Xc giGn tiBp "2ng vDi m4t sk 54ng t6 t& &r%era a#ka #aUa tell #2a %&a n&t t&
%& #mt'
_o)n as A e" _ill to t(rn o t)e
lig)tZ Please tell _aime not to
le a ve t)e roomZ
"hC {: let# A)Gc let u#
lets go: min) 5i n<o
let (s go: 5U c)gng tTi 5i 5i
*I( )Ji c? 5(Ti c=a let# l< #hall we
Nets go o(t for "innerM s)all .e
S
R<ng t khiZm khuUZt
v? l< n)>ng 54ng t6 Q bOng sa( v< mang n)>ng 5nc 5iUm
present tense past
tense #ill
*an
+a,
S)al
l
.o(l" ((se"
to)
co(l"
mig)
t
C)Tng c? tiU( t6 "t&" 5ong tr3DcZ
v4ng t6 n<o 5i sa( n? p)Oi bJ "t&"'
C)Tng c]n "2ng vDi tr8 54ng t6 m< "2ng vDi c)ln) bOn t)In n? trong cGc "Hng cI( ng)i ven
v< cI( p)= 5Pn)Z
C)Tng bao gi7 )ai 54ng t6 A)iBm A)(,Bt 5i c2ng n)a(M nB( c? t)i 54ng t6 t)X )ai p)Oi
biBn sang m4t "Hng A)GcZ
will have t& Hmu#tJ* will 2 e a 2 le t& HcanJ* will 2 e all&we% t& HmaUJ
1
"Su iQu
kiXn
(' RiQu kiXn ce thN th7c hiXn =9c . hiXn tBi
j+ \ - \ #im:le :re#ent L - \ will Hcan* #hall* maUJ \ 1er2 in #im:le +&rm'
If )e tries m(c) moreM )e .ill improve )is `nglis)Z
)' RiQu kiXn khng thN th7c hiXn =9c . hiXn tBi
j+ \ - \ #im:le :a#t L - \ w&ul% Hc&ul%* #h&ul%* mightJ \ 1er2 in #im:le +&rm
If I )a" eno(g) mone, no.M I .o(l" b(, t)is )o(se Z
v4ng t6 t& 2e p)Oi c)ia l< were Q tet cO cGc ngTiZ
If I .ere ,o(M I .o(l"nt "o s(c) a t)ingZ
arong m4t sk tr37ng )8pM ng37i ta bJ i+ 5i v< 5Oo were lbn trbn c)= ng> (were j U&u ''' li cv
2TnJ'
,' RiQu kiXn khng thN th7c hiXn =9c . iu kh?
j+ \ - \ ha% \ 4
)
L - \ w&ul%Hc&ul%* #h&ult*mightJ \ have \ 4
)
If )e )a" st ( "ie" )ar"er for t)at testM )e .o(l" )a v e passe" itZ
arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p ng37i ta bJ i+ 5i v< 5Oo ha% lbn p)la tr3DcZ
b=u {O *I( 5iY( AiRn A)Tng p)Oi lgc n<o chng t(In t)eo W(i l(}t trbnZ arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p
m4t vB c=a
5iY( AiRn s l< W(G A)X n)3ng vB c;n lHi Q )iRn tHi "o t)7i gian W(i 5Pn)Z
If s)e )a" ca(g)t t)e trainM s)e .o(l" be )ere b, no.Z
2
"ch #$ %ng cc <ng
t
will* w&ul%* c&ul%* #h&ul%
#au i+
a)Tng t)37ng cGc 54ng t6 n<, A)Tng 538c s9 ":ng vDi if trong cI( 5iY( AiRnM t(, n)ibn vfn c?
ngoHi lRZ
j+ U&u willaw&ul% O FZu ''''' vui l8ngZ a)37ng 538c "2ng trong cGc ,b( c]( lPc) sVZ
#o(l" lPc) sV
)sn .illZ
If ,o( .ill$.o(l" .ait for a momentM I .ill go an" see if +r *onner is )ereZ
j+ \ -u2nect \ uillau&ul% O FZu ''''' chu' vU "izn 5Ht ~ tV ng(,RnZ
If )e .ill listen to meM I can )elp )imZ
uill c;n 538c "2ng t)eo mf( cI( n<, 5U "izn 5Ht sV ngoan ck: FZu ''''' nhGt nh* FZu '''''
c?'
If ,o( .ill t(rn on t)e m(sic lo("l, late t)e nig)tM no .on"er .), ,o(r neig)bo(rs complainZ
j+ U&u c&ul%O lin vui l8ng' 1izn 5Ht lPc) sV 1 ,b( c]( m< ng37i n?i c)o rong ng37i Aia s
5\ng ~ n)3
l< m4t l 53sng n)ibnZ
If ,o( co(l" open ,o(r booAM pleaseZ
j+ \ -u2nect \ #h&ul% \ ''''' \ im:erative HmXnh lXnh th?cJO 1E :h@ng nh=' 1izn
5Ht m4t tin) )(kng "2 c? t)U jO, ra 538c song ret A)?Z
If ,o( s)o(l" qn" an, "iqc(lt, in (sing t)at aVM please call me t)is n(mberZ
arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p ng37i ta bJ i+ 5i v< 5Oo #h&ul% lbn trbn c)= ng> (-h&ul% U&u n%)
3
M<t #D cch %Png thVm c;a i+
(' j+''' thenO FZu''' th`
Ex: If s)e cant come to (sM t)en .e .ill )ave to go an" see )erZ
)' j+ %Png tr&ng %Bng cSu khng :hTi cSu iQu kiXnO R<ng t . cc mXnh Q %ikn
2iZn 2`nh th=>ng the& th>i gian c;a chEnh ne'
Ex: If ,o( .ant to learn a m(sical instr(mentM ,o( )ave to practiceZ
Ex: If ,o( "i" not "o m(c) mat)s at sc)oolM ,o( .ill qn" economics "ifqc(lt to (n"erstan"Z
Ex: If t)at .as +arr,M .), "i"nt s)e stop an" sa, )elloZ
,' j+''' #h&ul% ] j+''' ha::en t&''' ] j+''' #h&ul% ha::en t&''' %ikn Bt #7 khng
ch^c ch^n
Hlem thVm :h_n #$ %ng #h&ul% tr&ng m<t #D tr=>ng h9:
c thNJ
If ,o( s)o(l" )appen to p a ss a s(permarAetM per)aps ,o( co(l" get some eggsZ (-g4 n) m<
an) c? tin) c7
g)y W(a c)8 c? l m(a c)o em lt trXng)
0' j+'' wa#awere t&'''
1izn 5Ht 5iY( AiRn A)Tng c? t)}t )onc t3Qng t38ng Q t3sng laiZ
Ex: If t)e boss .as$.ere to come in no. ({ if t)e boss came in no.)M .e .o(l" be in real
tro(bleZ
Ex: #)at .o(l" .e "o if I .as$.ere to lose m, uobZ
Honc c? t)U "izn 5Ht m4t ~ lPc) sV A)i 53a ra 5Y ng)P
Ex: If ,o( .ere to move ,o(r c)air a bitM .e co(l" all sit "o.nZ
(-B( an) v(i l;ng "Pc) g)B c=a an) ra m4t c)gt t)i c)gng ta c? t)U c2ng ng\i 538c)
F&teO "Gu trCc nU tuUXt Di khng =9c %Png vYi cc <ng t tnh h&Ic chc
trBng thi t=
%uU
Ex: *orrect: If I Ane. )er nameM I .o(l" tell ,o(Z
Incorrect:If I .as$.ere to Ano.ZZZ
3' j+ it \ t& 2e \ n&t \ +&rO FZu khng v`* nZu khng nh> v&'
a)7i )iRn tHi:
If it .asnt$.erent for t)e c)il"renM t)at co(ple .o(l"nt )ave an, t)ing to talA abo(tZ
(-B( A)Tng vi n)>ng 5Xa con t)i v8 c)\ng n)< e, c)O c? c)(,Rn gi m< n?i)
a)7i W(G A)X:
If it )a"nt been for ,o(r )elpM I "ont Ano. .)at .e .o(l" )ave "oneZ
(-B( A)Tng n)7 v<o sV gigp 5 c=a an) t)i tTi chng A)Tng biBt l< c)gng tTi s l<m gi 5I,)
5' "F&t" i khi =9c thVm v& nh/ng <ng t #au "i+" N 2U t@ #7 nghi ng>*
khng ch^c ch^n' H"e nVn ''' maU khng '''J
I .on"er if .e s)o(l"nt asA t)e "octor to looA at +ar,Z
7' jt w&ul%''' i+ \ #u2nect \ w&ul%''' H#o l''' nZu p khng =9c %Png tr&ng vqn viZtJ
|xO It .o(l" be better if t)e, .o(l" tell ever, bo", in
a"vanceZ (S l< tkt )sn nB( )r AU c)o mri ng37i
t6 tr3Dc)
|xO Ho. .o(l" .e feel if t)is .o(l" )appen to o(r famil,Z
(aa s cOm t)e, t)B n<o nB( 5iY( n<, jO, ra 5ki vDi gia 5in)
c)gng taZ)
8' j+''' r% have''' rhaveO [Png tr&ng vqn nei* khng %Png tr&ng vqn viZt* %ikn Bt
iQu kiXn khng thN xTU ra . iu kh?
If I" )ave Ano.nM I" )ave tol" ,o(Z

If s)e" )ave recognie" )im it .o(l" )ave been f(nn,Z
!' j+ \ :re:&#iti&n \ n&unaver2''' H#u2nect \ 2e 2 l=9c 2@J
If in "o(btM asA for )elp ({If ,o( are in "o(bt)
If abo(t to go on a long uo(rne,M tr, to )ave a goo" nig)ts sleep

({ If ,o( are abo(t to go
onZZZ )
(A' j+ %Png kh :hs 2iZn vYi m<t #D t nh= "anUaanUthingaeveran&t" %ikn Bt :h;
nh
Ex: a)ere is little if an, goo" evi"ence for fl,ing sa(cersZ
({a)ere is little evi"ence if t)er is an, at allM for ,ing sa(cers)
(*? ret lt bong c)Xng vY 5Ea ba,M nB( W(O l< c? m4t c)gt)
Ex: Im not angr,Z If an,t)ingM I feel a little s(rprise"Z
(aTi A)Tng gi}n "> gi 5I(Z +< trGi lHi tTi cOm t)e, )si ngHc n)ibn)
a)<n) ng> n<, c;n "izn 5Ht ~ AiBn 3Dm t)9: -B( c?ZZZ
Ex: I" sa, )e .as more liAe a fat)erM if an,t)ing
(aTi jin n?i rong Tng e, c;n )sn cO m4t ng37i c)aM nB( c? t)U n?i t)BZ)
Ex: He sel"om if ever travel abroa"Z
([n) ta c)O me, A)i 5i ra n3Dc ngo<i)
Ex: ^s(all,M if n ot al.a , s M .e .rite cannot as one .or"
(a)Tng t)37ngM n)3ng A)Tng p)Oi l< l(Tn l(TnZZZ )
((' j+ \ t%nective ] alth&ugh Hch& %P lJ
-g)Ea A)Tng mHn) bong alt)o(g) - 12ng 5U "izn 5Ht W(an 5iUm ribng )onc ven 5Y gi 5?
A)Tng W(an trrngZ
Ex: His st,leM if s impl eM is pleasant to rea"Z
(Vwn p)ong c=a Tng taM c)o "2 l< 5sn giOnM t)i 5rc chng t)g)
Ex: a)e proqtsM if little lo.er t)an last ,earsM are still ejtremel, .ealt),
(N8i n)(}nM c)o "2 l< c? t)ep )sn nwm W(a m4t c)gtM t)i vfn l< ret lDnZ)
*e( trgc n<, c? t)U t)a, bong maU'''* 2ut
Ex: His st,le ma, be simpleM b (t it is pleasant to rea"Z
Ex:
5
"ch #$ %ng t& m&:e* t& ui#h'
Hai 54ng t6 n<, t(, c2ng ng)Ea n)3ng A)Gc n)a( vY cGc) s9 ":ng v< bOn c)et ng> p)GpZ
v4ng t6 c=a mRn) 5Y sa( h&:e ()i vrng rong) s "izn biBn bin) t)37ng t)eo t)7i gian c=a
c)ln) mRn)
5Y 5?Z
v4ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y sa( wi#h bKt b(4c p)Oi Q "Hng 5iY( AiRn A)Tng t)U t)Vc )iRn 538cZ
viY( AiRn 5? c)ia l<m 3 t)7i:
!
RiQu kiXn khng ce thMt . t=vng lai
v4ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y sa( .is) s c? "Hng w&ul%ac&ul% \ 1er2 h&Ic were \
ver2 \ ingZ
#e .is) t)at ,o( co(l" come to t)e part, tonig)tZ (o(
cant come)
(' RiQu kiXn khng thN th7c hiXn =9c .
hiXn tBi
v4ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y sa( wi#h s c)ia Q -im:le :a#tM t& 2e p)Oi c)ia l< were Q tet
cO cGc ngTiZ
I .is) t)at I )a" eno(g) time to qnis) m,
)ome.orAZ
)' RiQu kiXn khng thN th7c hiXn =9c .
iu kh?
v4ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y sa( wi#h s c)ia Q 4a#t :er+ect h&Ic c&ul%
have \ 4
)
'
I .is) t)at I )a" .as)e" t)e clot)es
,ester"a,Z
S)e .is ) es t)at s)e c o(l" )ave been
t)ereZ
b=u { (: v4ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y sa( wi#h c)m c? t)U bP On) )3Qng c=a wi#h l< bKt b(4c p)Oi Q
"Hng 5iY( AiRn A)Tng t)U t)Vc )iRn 538c n)3ng 5iY( AiRn e, Q t)7i n<o lHi p): t)(4c v<o c)ln)
t)7i gian c=a bOn t)In mRn) 5Y c)X A)Tng p): t)(4c v<o t)7i c=a wi#hZ
S)e .is)es t)at s)e co(l" )ave gone earlier
,ester"a,Z(Past) He .is)e" t)at )e .o(l" come to
visit me nejt .eeAZ('(t(re)
a)e p)otograp)er .is)e" .e stoo" clot)er t)an .e are stan"ing no.Z
(Present)Z
b=u { ): *]n p)In biRt wi#h (3Dc gi$ mong gi) vDi wi#h mang ng)Ea Fc)gcFtrong mf( cI(:
t& wi#h #2 #mt
I .is) ,o( a )app,
birt)"a,Z
b=u { ,: v< .is) mang ng)Ea Fm(knF: & wi#h t& %& #mt (+(kn l<m
gi)
& wi#h #m2 t& %& #mt (+(kn ai l<m gi)
Ex: #), "o ,o( .is) to see t)e manager
Ex: I .is) to maAe a complaintZ
Ex: a)e government "oes not .is) 1rZ_eA,ll H,"e to accept a professors)ip at a foreign
(niversit,Z
ui#h (lPc) sV$ trang trrng n)et) { w&ul% like (lPc) sV) { want (t)In m}t)
%
"ch #$ %ng thnh ng/ a# i+* a#
th&ugh
Hchng nh= l* nh= thN
lJ
+Rn) 5Y 5ong sa( )ai t)<n) ng> n<, t)37ng j(,bn Q "Hng 5iY( AiRn A)Tng t)U t)Vc )iRn 538cZ
viY( AiRn n<, c)ia l<m 2 t)7i:
a)7i )iRn tHi: nB( 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y tr3Dc c)ia Q t)7i )iRn tHi 5sn giOn t)i 54ng t6 Q mRn)
5Y sa( c)ia
Q W(G A)X 5sn giOnZ & 2e p)Oi c)ia l< were Q tet cO cGc ngTiZ
a)e ol" la", "resses as if it .ere .inter even in t)e s(mmerZ (It is
not .inter)
a)7i W(G A)X: -B( 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y tr3Dc c)ia Q W(G A)X 5sn giOn t)i 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y
sa( c)ia Q
W(G A)X )o<n t)<n)Z
_e looAe" as t)o(g) )e )a" seen a g)ostZ (He "i"nt
see a g)ost)
b=u {O +Rn) 5Y sa( a# i+* a# th&ugh A)Tng p)Oi lgc n<o chng t(In t)eo W(i l(}t trbnZ -B(
5iY( AiRn trong cI( l< c? t)}t )onc t)eo W(an niRm c=a ng37i n?iM ng37i viBt l< c? t)}t t)i )ai
cTng t)Xc trbn A)Tng 538c s9 ":ngZ v4ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y sa( "izn biBn bin) t)37ng t)eo mki
W(an )R vDi 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y c)ln)Z
He lo oAs as if )e )as qn is ) e"
t)e testZ
0
w#e% t&* t& 2eaget u#e% t&
w#e% t& \ 1er2O a)37ng )a, 5| t6ngZ *)m m4t t)?i W(enM m4t )<n) 54ng t)37ng j(,bn
jO, ra trong W(G A)XZ
#)en 1avi" .as ,o(ngM )e (se" to s.im once a "a,Z (past time )abit)
Fghi vGnO [i% \ - \ u#e% t& \ 1er2 ] w#e% \ - \ t& \ 1'
4h; nhO - \ %i%nt \ u#e% t& \ 1er2 ] - \ u#e% n&t t& \ 1Z
& 2ea t& get u#e% t& \ 1Linga F&un: arQ nbn W(en vDiZ
He is ( s e" to s.imming
ever, "a,Z He got (se" to
[merican foo"
b=u {: w#e% t& \ 1 c? t)U t)a, bong w&ul% n)3ng lt A)i vi "z n)]m lfnZ
@
"ch #$ %ng thnh ng/ w&ul% rather
w&ul% rather '''' than ] :re+er '''' t& ] thEch hvn l'
vong sa( w&ul% rather bKt b(4c p)Oi l< m4t 54ng t6 bJ t& n)3ng sa( :re+er l< m4t 1Ling
v< c? t)U
bJ 5i 538cZ
C)i w&ul% rather '''' than mang ng)Ea th '''' c8n hvn l t)i :re+er '''' t& A)Tng t)U t)a,
t)B 538cZ
a)e, .o(l" rat)er "ie in free"om t)an live in
slaver,Z He prefers "ogs to cats ([n) ta t)lc)
c)? )sn mo)
He .o(l" rat)er )ave "ogs t)an cats ([n) ta t)< n(Ti c)? )sn mo)
ViRc s9 ":ng w&ul% rather c;n t2, t)(4c v<o sk *- v< ng)Ea c=a cI(Z
5S
b&Bi cSu ce m<t ch; ng/
*e( trgc s9 ":ng c)o loHi cI( n<, l< w&ul% rather ''' than l< loHi cI( 5iY( AiRn A)Tng t)Vc
)iRn 538c v< c)ia l<m 2 t)7i:
h>i hiXn tBiO Sa( w&ul% rather l< ng(,bn t)U bJ t&' -B( m(kn t)<n) l}p t)U p)= 5Pn)
5nt n&t tr3Dc
ng(,bn t)U bJ t&'
_im .o(l" rat)er go to class tomorro. t)an to"a,Z
h>i iu kh?O v4ng t6 sa( w&ul% rather p)Oi l< have \ 4
)
* nB( m(kn t)<n) l}p t)U
p)= 5Pn) 5nt
n&t tr3Dc have'
_im .o(l" rat)er )ave gone to class ,ester"a, t)an to"a,Z
(' b&Bi cSu ce hai ch; ng/
NoHi cI( n<, "2ng t)<n) ng> w&ul% rather that H=Yc g`* m&ng g`J v< "2ng trong m4t sk
tr37ng )8p sa(:
a) NoHi cI( giO 5Pn) Q )iRn tHi
N< loHi cI( ng37i t)X n)et m(kn ng37i t)X )ai l<m viRc gi n)3ng l<m )a, A)Tng c;n p):
t)(4c v<o ng37i t)X )aiZ arong tr37ng )8p n<, 54ng t6 Q mRng 5Y )ai 5U Q "Hng ng(,bn
t)U bJ t&' -B( m(kn t)<n) l}p t)U p)= 5Pn) 5nt n&t tr3Dc ng(,bn t)U bJ t&'
I .o(l" rat)er t)at ,o( call me tomorro.Z
-g> p)Gp )iRn 5Hi ng<, na, 5nc biRt l< ng> p)Gp +E c)o p)yp bJ that trong ce( trgc n<,
m< vfn gi>
ng(,bn )in) t)Xc giO 5Pn)Z
He .o(l" rat)er (t)at) )e not taAe t)is trainZ
b) NoHi cI( A)Tng t)U t)Vc )iRn 538c Q )iRn tHi
v4ng t6 sa( c)= ng> )ai s c)ia Q #im:le :a#tM t& 2e p)Oi c)ia l< were Q tet cO cGc ngTiZ
Henr, .o(l" rat)er t ) at )is girlfrien" .orAe" in t)e same "epartment
as )e "oesZ _ane .o(l" r at)er t ) at it .ere .inter no.Z
-B( m(kn t)<n) l}p t)U p)= 5Pn) "2ng %i%nt \ 1er2 )onc were n&t sa( c)= ng> )aiZ
c) NoHi cI( A)Tng t)U t)Vc )iRn 538c Q W(G A)X
v4ng t6 sa( c)= ng> )ai s c)ia Q "Hng :a#t :er+ect'
-B( m(kn t)<n) l}p t)U p)= 5Pn) "2ng ha%nt \ 4
)
'
_im .o(l" r a t)er t)at _ill ) a" gone to class ,ester"a,Z
b=u {O arong lki n?i bin) t)37ng )<ng ng<, ng37i ta "2ng wi#h t)a, c)o w&ul% rather that'
51
"ch #$ %ng thnh ng/ u&ul% like
1izn 5Ht m4t cGc) lPc) sV l7i m7i mrc )onc ~ min) m(kn giZ
#o(l" ,o( liAe to "ance .it) meZ
C)Tng "2ng %& U&u want A)i m7i mrc ng37i A)GcZ
arong tiBng [n) c=a ng37i [n)M nB( 5U "izn 5Ht sV 3a t)lc) c=a c)= ng> t)i sa( like l< m4t
1Ling'
He "oes liAe rea"ing novelZ (enuo,ment)
-)3ng 5U "izn 5Ht sV lVa c)rn )onc t)?i W(en t)i sa( like p)Oi l< m4t 54ng t6 ng(,bn t)UZ
&et.een soccer an" tennisM I liAe to s ee t)e formerZ (c)oice)
#)en maAing teaM )e (s(all, liAes to p(t some s(gar an" a slice of lemon in qrstZ ()abit)
-)3ng trong tiBng [n) ng37i +E A)Tng c? sV p)In biRt n<,: aet cO sa( like 5Y( l< 54ng t6
ng(,bn t)UZ
u&ul%nt like { A)Tng 3a trong A)i %&nt want { A)Tng m(knZ
#o(l" ,o( liAe somemore coee
4&liteO -oM t)anAs$ -oM I "ont .ant an, moreZ
jm:&liteO I .o(l"nt liAe (t)m v<o)
N3( ~ rong A)i like 538c "2ng vDi ng)Ea Fch& l Cng" )onc Fch& l haUa khn ng&an"
t)i bao gi7
t)eo sa( chng l< m4t ng(,bn t)U c? t& (innitiveJ
S)e liAes t)e c)il"ren to pla, in t)e gar"en (S)e t)inA t)e, are safe
pla,ing t)ere) (*T e, m(kn brn tr con c)si trong v37n c)o
c)Kc$ c)o an to<n)
I liAe to go to t)e "entist t.ice a ,ear
(aTi m(kn 5Bn bGc sE n)a A)oa 2 l]n nwm
c)o c)Kc)Z
u&ul% like ] w&ul% care al&vea hatea :re+er \ t& \ ver2 A)i "izn 5Ht 5iY( AiRn c)o
m4t )<n)
54ng c: t)U Q t3sng laiZ
#o(l" ,o( liAe$ care to come .it) me I" love to
u&ul% likea w&ul% care +&ra w&ul% enn&U \ 1er2Ling A)i "izn 5Ht A)( vPM ~ t)lc) n?i
c)(ng c=a c)= ng>Z
S)e .o(l" liAe$ .o(l" enuo, ri"ing if s)e co(l" ri"e
betterZ I .on"er if aom .o(l" care for$ .o(l" enuo,
)ang-gli"ingZ
52
"ch #$ %ng cc <ng t khiZm khuUZt N
%ikn
Bt cc trBng thi . hiXn
tBi
(' "&ul%* MaU* Might \ 1er2 in #im:le +&rm ] "e lo* ce thN'
*)m A)O nwng c? t)U jO, ra Q )iRn tHi n)3ng ng37i n?i A)Tng "Gm c)KcZ (*O 3 54ng t6 5Y(
c? giG trP
n)3 n)a()Z
It mig)t rain tomorro.Z
)' -h&ul% \ 1er2 in #im:le +&rm
FVn O "izn 5Ht m4t l7i A)(,bnM sV g8i ~M sV bKt b(4c n)3ng A)Tng mHn) lKmZ
"e khi* ce lo O 1izn 5Ht ng37i n?i mong m(kn 5iY( 5? s jO, raZ (|x:ectJ
*Gc t)<n) ng> ha% 2etter* &ught t&* 2e #u::&#e% t& 5Y( mang ng)Ea t3sng 53sng vDi
#h&ul% vDi
5iY( AiRn 54ng t6 t& 2e trong t)<n) ng> 2e #u::&#e% t& p)Oi c)ia Q t)7i )iRn tHiZ
_o)n o(g)t to st(", tonig)tZ
_o)n is s(p p ose" to st(", tonig)tZ
b=u {O a)<n) ng> 2e #u::&#e% t& ngo<i ra c;n mang ng)Ea: iui nh :hTi* 2^t 2u<c :hTi'
#e a r e s(p p ose" to )ave a science test t)is afternoonM b(t it .as postpone" beca(se t)e
teac)er )a" to atten" a conferenceZ
,' Mu#t \ 1er2 in #im:le +&rm
4hTiO mang ng)Ea bKt b(4c ret mHn)Z
deorge m(st call )is ins(rance agent to"a,Z
mgn lO c)m sV s(, l(}n logic "Va trbn n)>ng )iRn t38ng c? t)}t Q )iRn tHiZ
_o)ns lig)ts are o(tZ He m(st be asleepZ
-g37i ta "2ng have t& t)a, c)o mu#t trong cGc tr37ng )8p sa(
(G A)X { ha% t&'
+rsZCinse, )a" to pass an ejamination before s)e co(l" practice la.Z
a3sng lai { will have t&'
#e .ill )ave to taAe an ejam nejt .eeAZ
HiRn tHi: mave t& 538c "2ng t)a, c)o mu#t 5U )Ji jem bOn t)In min) bKt b(4c p)Oi
l<m gi )onc
5U "izn 5Ht sV bKt b(4c "o A)Gc) W(an 5em lHiZ diOm n)x tln) bKt b(4c c=a mu#t'
d(est: 1o I )ave to leave a "epositZ
ceceptionist: -oM ,o( nee"ntZ &(t ,o( )ave to leave ,o(r IZ1 car" n(mber .ritten
"o.n in t)is registerZ Im sorr, b(t t)ats t)e .a, it isZ
b=u {O mave g&t t& \ 1er2 ] mu#t
He )as got to go to t)e oice tonig)tZ (a)37ng "2ng n)iY(
trong vwn n?i)Z v< t)37ng j(,bn "2ng c)o n)>ng )<n) 54ng
5sn lM tGc) biRtZ
I )ave to .orA ever,"a, ejcept S(n"a,Z &(t I "ont )ave got to .orA a f(ll "a, on Sat(r"a,Z
53
"ch #$ %ng cc <ng t khiZm khuUZt N
%ikn
Bt cc trBng thi . iu
kh?
(' "&ul%* maU* might \ have \ 4
)
] ce lo x
1izn 5Ht m4t A)O nwng c? t)U Q W(G A)X song ng37i n?i A)Tng "Gm c)KcZ
It ma, )ave raine" last nig)tM b(t Im not s(reZ
)' "&ul% have \ 4
)
] bo ra x ce thN HtrVn th7c tZ l khngJ
He co(l" )a v e gotten t)e ticAet for t)e concert last nig)tZ
,' Might have 2een \ 1Ling ] "e lo lCc GU ang
I "i"nt )ear t)e telep)one ringM I mig)t )ave been sleeping at t)at timeZ
0' -h&ul% have \ 4
)
] bo ra :hTi* lo ra nVn
*)m m4t viRc l ra 5| p)Oi jO, ra trong W(G A)X n)3ng vi ll "o n<o 5? lHi A)Tng
-h&ul% have \ 4
)
] wa#a were #u::&#e% t&
+aria s ) o(l"nt )ave cal le" _o)n last nig)tZ (S)e "i" call )im)
3' Mu#t have \ 4
)
] hgn l x
*)m sV s(, 5oGn logic "Va trbn n)>ng )iRn t38ng c? t)}t Q W(G A)XZ
a)e grass is .etZ It m(st )ave raine" last nig)tZ
5' Mu#t have 2een 1Ling ] hgn lCc GU ang
I "i"nt )ear ,o( AnocAM I m(st )a v e been gar"ening be)in" t)e )o(se
5
"c vGn Q #$ %ng
#h&ul% tr&ng m<t #D tr=>ng
h9: c thN
1izn 5Ht ABt W(O c=a m4t ,B( tk t3Qng t38ng: -o
If I .as asAe" to .orA on S(n"a, I s)o(l" resignZ
12ng trong mRn) 5Y c? that sa( n)>ng tln) t6 c)m trHng t)Gi n)3 anxi&u#a #&rrUa
c&ncerne%a
ha::Ua %elighte%''' O bGU lm ''' rynga lGU lm '''v`
Im anjio(s t)at s)e s)o(l" be .ell care" for
(aTi lo lKng rong liR( cT e, c? 538c swn s?c
tkt A)Tng) #e are sorr, t)at ,o( s)o(l" feel
(ncomfortable
(*)gng tTi le, l<m tiBc vi an) A)Tng t)e, 538c t)oOi mGi)
a)at ,o( s)o(l" speaA to )im liAe t)at is W(ite astonis)ing
(*Gi 5iY( m< an) e, n?i vDi an) n)3 v}, W(O l< 5Gng
ngHc n)ibn)Z
12ng vDi i+a in ca#e 5U c)m m4t 5iY( A)? c? t)U jO, ra$ ng37i ta 53a ra ~ AiBn c)m 5Y p);ng
ng6aZ
If ,o( s)o(l" c)ange ,o(r min" { S)o(l" ,o( c)ange ,o(r min"M please let me Ano.Z
In case )e s)o(l" )ave forgotten to go to t)e airportM nobo", .ill be t)ere to meet )erZ(-g4
n)$ nB( c)ng ma, Tng e, W(bn met ra sIn ba,M t)i s A)Tng c? ai Q 5? 5?n cT ta met)
12ng sa( #& thata in &r%er that 5U c)m m:c 5lc) (a)a, c)o w&ul%a c&ul%J
He p(t t)e cases in t)e car so t)at )e s)o(l" be able to maAe an
earl, startZ S)e repeate" t)e instr(ctions slo.l, in or"er t)at )e
s)o(l" (n"erstan"Z
12ng trong l7i ,b( c]( lPc) sV
I s)o(l" liAe to maAe a p)one callM if possible (tTi jin p)yp gri 5iRn t)oHi nB( tTi c? t)U)
12ng vDi imaginea #aUa thinkZZZ 5U 53a ra l7i 5Y ng)P: a)iBt t3QngM c)o l<
I s)o(l" imagine it .ill taAe abo(t 3 )o(rs (aTi t)iBt t3Qng cTng viRc s tkn met 3 gi7
5\ng )\ 5e,)Z I s)o(l" sa, s)es over S (aTi c)o l< b< ta 5| ngo<i S)
12ng trong cI( )Ji 5U "izn tO sV ng)i ng7M t)iB( W(an tIm
Ho. s)o(l" I Ano. (N<m sao tTi biBt 538c Aia c)X)
#), s)o(l" )e t)inAs t)at (sao n? lHi ng)E n)3 v}, c)X)
12ng vDi cGc 5Hi t6 ng)i ven n)3 whata wherea wh& 5U "izn tO sV ngHc n)ibnM t)37ng
"2ng vDi
"Wut"Z
I .as t)inAing of going to see _o)n .)en .)o s)o(l" appear b(t _o)n )imself (aTi 5ang tln)
l< 5Bn t)wm
_o)n t)i ng37i j(et )iRn lHi c)ln) l< an) e,)
#)at s ) o(l" I qn" b(t an enormo(s spi"er (*Gi m< tTi n)in t)e, lHi c)ln) l< m4t con n)Rn
A)Lng l\)
55
Enh t v :he t
+4t tln) t6 l(Tn bL ng)Ea c)o m4t "an) t6 v< c)m m4t "an) t6M n? l(Tn 5Xng tr3Dc "an) t6
538c bL
ng)EaZ
arong tiBng [n)M c? "(, n)et m4t tln) t6 5Xng sa( "an) t6:
gal&re ] nhiQu* :h&ng :hC* %i %&
a)ere .ere errors galore in t)e qnal testZ
aln) t6 chng 5Xng sa( cGc 5Hi t6 p)iBm c)m (#&mething* anUthing* anU2&%UZZZ)
Its somet)ing
strangeZ He is sb
W(ite (nAno.nZ
+4t p)? t6 l(Tn bL ng)Ea c)o m4t 54ng t6M m4t tln) t6 )onc m4t p)? t6 A)GcZ
cita "ranA too m(c)Z
I "ont pla, tenis ver, .ellZ
t%n \ lU ] t%vZ -)3ng p)Oi cn t)}nM vi m4t sk tln) t6 chng c? t}n c2ng l< 5(Ti lU (l&velU*
+rien%lUJ'
P)? t6 c=a cGc tln) t6 n<, 538c ce( tHo bong cGc) n)3 sa(:
in a \ t%n \ waUa
manner
He be)ave" me in a frien"l, .a,Z
+4t sk cGc p)? t6 c? ce( tHo 5nc biRt: #&* verU* alm&#t* #&&n* &+ten* +a#t* rather* well*
there* t&&'
*Gc p)? t6 n<, trO l7i c)o cI( )Ji h&w'
-go<i ra c;n m4t sk cGc c:m t6 chng 538c coi l< p)? t6M n? bao g\m m4t giDi t6 mQ 5](
vDi cGc "an) t6 5i sa( 5U c)m: 5Pa 5iUm (at h&me)M t)7i gian (at 3 :m)M p)3sng tiRn (2U
train)M tin) )(kngM )<n) 54ng (in a verU %icult #ituati&n)Z aet cO cGc c:m n<, 5Y( 538c
jem l< p)? t6Z
VP trl c=a p)? t6 trong cI( t3sng 5ki t)oOi mGi v< p)Xc tHpM W(i l(}t:
-B( c)3a biBt 5nt p)? t6 Q 5I( t)i vP trl t)37ng j(,bn c=a n? Q c(ki cI(M 5nc biRt cGc
p)? t6 5(Ti
lUZ
*Gc p)? t6 v< c:m p)? t6 l<m bL ng> 5Xng c(ki cI( t)eo t)X tV n)3 sa(: c)m p)3sng
t)Xc )<n)
54ng-c)m 5Pa 5iUm-c)m t)7i gian-c)m p)3sng tiRn )<n) 54ng-c)m tin) )(kng )<n) 54ngZ
C)Tng bao gi7 m4t p)? t6 )onc m4t c:m p)? t6 538c jen v<o gi>a 54ng t6 v< tIn ng>Z
-B( trong cI( A)Tng c? p)? t6 n<o A)Gc ngo<i p)? t6 c)m t)7i gian t)i c? t)U 53a n? lbn
5]( cI(Z
In 1@0SM He gra"(ate" an" fo(n" a uobZ
*Gc p)? t6 c)m t]n sk n)3: alwaU#* #&metime#* &+tenZZZ l(Tn 5Xng tr3Dc 54ng t6
)<n) 54ng n)3ng 5Xng sa( 54ng t6 t& 2e'
a)e presi"ent al.a , s co m e s in
timeZ a)e presi"ent is al . a,s
in timeZ
5!
R<ng t
nDi
v? l< n)>ng 54ng t6 Q bOng sa(M mang n)>ng tln) c)et sa(
&e appear feel
become seem looA
remain so(n" smell
Sta,
C)Tng "izn 5Ht )<n) 54ng m< "izn 5Ht trHng t)Gi )onc bOn c)et sV viRcZ
vong sa( c)gng p)Oi l< tln) t6 A)Tng t)U l< p)? t6Z
C)Tng 538c c)ia Q t)U tiBp "izn "2 "3Di bet cX t)7i n<oZ
b=u {O arong bOng c? cGc cnp 54ng t6:
t& #eem t&
ha::en
] ] %=>ng
nh=
t& a::ear t&
chance
*)gng c? t)U t)a, t)B lfn c)o n)a(M n)3ng A)Tng t)U t)a, t)B ngang )a, t)a, t)B c)yoZ
*Gc 54ng t6 n<, 538c "2ng t)eo mf( cI( sa(:
12ng vDi c)= ng> giO it
It seems t)at t)e, )ave passe" t)e ejamZ$ It )appens (c)ances t)at t)e, )ave passe"
t)e test)
12ng vDi c)= ng> t)}t
a)e, seem to )ave passe" t)e ejamZ$ a)e, )appene"$ c)ance" to )ave passe" t)e ejamZ
-g)Ea Fain) c7FM F-gf( n)ibnFM F+a, m<FZ
S)e )appene" to be o(t$ It )appene" t)at s)e .as o(t .)en )e calle" (-gf( n)ibn cT ta
A)Tng c? n)< A)i an) ta gri 5iRn)
S)e c)ance" to be in$ It )appene" t)at s)e .as in .)en )e calle"Z (+a, m< cT ta c? n)< A)i
an) ta gri 5iRn
5Bn)Z
&a 54ng t6: t& 2e* t& 2ec&me* t& remain trong m4t sk tr37ng )8p c? m4t "an) t6 )onc
ng> "an) t6
t)eo sa(M A)i 5? c)gng met 5i c)Xc nwng c=a m4t 54ng t6 nkiZ
*)il"ren often become bore" (a%n) at meeting
*)ristine became class presi"e n t (n&un :hra#eJ after a longM )ar" campaignZ
&kn 54ng t6: t& +eel* t& l&&k* t& #mell* t& ta#te trong m4t sk tr37ng )8p c? t)U l< ngoHi
54ng t6M 5;i )Ji m4t tIn ng> 5i sa( n?M lgc n<, n? met 5i c)Xc nwng c=a m4t 54ng t6 nkiM c?
t)U c? p)? t6 5i AmZ *)gng t)a, 5Li vY mnt ng> ng)Ea:
Ex: t& +eelO s7 nKn 5U A)GmZ
Ex: t& l&&k atO
n)in Ex: t&
#mellO ng9i Ex:
t& ta#teO nBm
*)gng 538c p)yp c)ia Q t)i tiBp
"iznZ
a)e la", is smelling t)e o.ers gingerl,Z
5%
"c %Bng #& #nh c;a tEnh t v :he t
(' -& #nh 2yng
"Gu trCc #$ %ng l a# '''' a#
- \ 1 \ a# \ a%na a%v \ a# \ n&una :r&n&un
-B( l< p)= 5Pn)M a# t)X n)et c? t)U t)a, bong #& (c)m 5U "z 5rc informal `nglis))
Sa( a# p)Oi l< m4t 5Hi t6 n)In j3ng c)= ng>M A)Tng 538c l< m4t tIn ng> (Ni cs bOn)
He is n ot a s ta ll as )is
fat)erZ He is n ot s o ta ll
as )is fat)erZ
1an) t6 chng c? t)U 538c "2ng 5U so sGn) trong tr37ng )8p n<,M n)3ng nbn n)D tr3Dc
A)i so san) p)Oi 5Om bOo rong "an) t6 5? p)Oi c? cGc tln) t6 t3sng 53sngZ
a"uectives no(ns
)eav,M lig)t .eig)t
.i"eM narro. .i"t)
"eepM s)allo. "ept)
longM s)ort lengt)
bigM small sie
- \ 1 \ the #ame \ Hn&unJ \ a# \ n&una :r&n&un
+, )o(se is a s )ig) a s )isZ
+, )o(se is t)e same )eig)t as )isZ
he #ame'''a# %ierent
+r&m'''
*)g ~M trong tiBng [n) ([-`)M %ierent than''' chng c? t)U 538c "2ng nB( sa( c)gng l<
m4t mRn) 5Y
)o<n c)mn)Z a(, n)ibn tr37ng )8p n<, A)Tng p)L biBn v< A)Tng 53a v<o cGc b p)Gp:
His appearance is "ierent +r&m .)at I )ave ejpecte"Z
ZZZthan I )ave ejpecte"Z([-`)
)' -& #nh hvn kzm
arong loHi so sGn) n<, ng37i ta c)ia l<m )ai "Hng: tln) t6 v< p)? t6 ngKn (5rc lbn c)m c? m4t
v]n)Z aln) t6 v< p)? t6 "a )ai p): Im t}n c2ngM p)Oi gep 5Ti p):
Im c(ki 5U
trGn) t)a, 5Li cGc) 5rcZ
vki vDi tln) t6 t}n c2ng l< UM "2 c? 2 v]n vfn bP coi l< tln) t6 ngKn v< p)Oi 5Li
t)<n) dLj|R Hha::Uha::ier %rU%rier :rettU:rettierJZ
ar37ng )8p 5nc biRt: strongstrongerp frien"l,frien"lier t)an$ more frien"l, t)anZ
vki vDi tln) t6 v< p)? t6 "M A)Tng 538c l< tIn ng>Z *Tng t)Xc:
- \ 1 \
a%nectivee
r a%ver2er
m&re \
a%naa%v le## \ a%naa%v
50
\ mtF \ n&una :r&n&un
50
C)i so sGn) m4t ng37i$ m4t v}t vDi tet cO n)>ng ng37i )onc v}t A)Gc p)Oi t)bm
el#e sa(
anUthingaanU2&%U'''
Ex: He is smarter t)an an,bo", else in t)e classZ
vU n)en mHn) so sGn)M c? t)U t)bm mucha+ar tr3Dc so sGn)M cTng t)Xc:
- \ 1 \ +aramuch \ t%nat%ver \ than \ n&una:r&n&un

- \ 1 \ +aramuch \ m&re \ t%nat%v \ than \ n&una:r&n&un
Ex: Harr,s .atc) is far more ejpensive t)an mine
Ex: He speaAs `nglis) m(c) more rapi"l, t)an )e "oes Spanis)Z
1an) t6 chng c? t)U "2ng 5U so sGn) bong )onc )sn AymM n)3ng tr3Dc A)i so sGn) p)Oi
jGc 5Pn) jem 5? l< "an) t6 5Bm 538c )a, A)Tng 5Bm 538cM vi 5ong tr3Dc c)gng c? m4t sk
5Pn) ng> "2ng vDi 2 loHi "an) t6 5?Z *Tng t)Xc:
- \ 1 \ a# \ manUamuchalittlea+ew \ n&un \ a# \ n&una:r&n&un
- \ 1 \ m&rea+ewerale## \ n&un \ than \ n&una:r&n&un
Ex: He earns as m(c) mone, as )is fat)erZ
Ex: 'ebr(ar, )as fe.er "a, t)an +arc)Z
Ex: a)eir uobs allo. t)em less free"om t)an o(rs "oesZ
N3( ~ (W(an trrng): vong sa( a# v< than c=a cGc mRn) 5Y so sGn) c? t)U loHi bJ c)=
ng> nB( n? tr2ng )8p vDi c)= ng> t)X n)etM 5nc biRt l< A)i 54ng t6 sa( than v< a# Q "Hng
bP 54ngZ Ngc n<, than v< a# c;n c? t)bm c)Xc nwng c=a m4t 5Hi t6 W(an )R t)a, t)BZ
Ex: a)eir marriage .as as storm, as )a" been ejpecte" (Incorrect: as it )a" been
ejpecte")Z
Ex: [nne is going to uoin (s M as .as agree" last .eeA (Incorrect: as it .as agree" last
.eeA)Z
He .orries more t)an .as goo" for )im (Incorrect: t)an it $. ) at is goo" for )im)Z
Honc cGc tIn ng> chng c? t)U bP loHi bJ sa( cGc 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y sa( aH[- v< [S:
Ex: 1ont lose ,o(r passportM as I "i" last ,ear (Incorrect: as I "i" it last ,ear)Z
Ex: a)e, sent more t)an I )a" or"ere" (Incorrect: t)an I )a" or"ere" it )Z
Ex: S)e gets )er meat from t)e same b(tc)er as I go to (Incorrect: as I go to )i m )Z
,' -& #nh h9: l{
C)i so sGn) nbn n)D: cGc m:c "2ng 5U so sGn) p)Oi t3sng 53sng n)a(: ng37i-ng37iM v}t-v}tZ
&Qi v}, m:c so sGn) )8p l~ s l<:
SQ )>( cGc)
Ex: jnc&rrect: His "ra.in g s are as perfect as ) is instr ( ctorZ
(*I( n<, so sGn) cGc bXc tran) vDi ng37i c)m "fn)
"&rrect: His "ra. ings are as perfect as )is
in str(cto r sZ (instr(ctors { instr(ctors
"ra.ings)
12ng t)bm that &+ c)o "an) t6 sk lt:
Ex: jnc&rrect: a)e sa lar, of a professor is )ig)er t)an a
secre tar , Z (*I( n<, so sGn) salar, vDi secretar,)
"&rrect: a)e sala r , of a professor is )ig)er t)an t)at of a secretar,Z
(t)at of { t)e salar, of)
12ng t)bm th&#e &+ c)o cGc "an) t6 sk n)iY(:
Ex: jnc&rrect: a)e "(ties of a policeman are more "angero(s t)an a
teac)er Z (*I( n<, so sGn) "(ties vDi teac)er)
"&rrect: a)e"(ti e s of a policeman are more "angero(s t)an t) o s e of a teac)er
(t)ose of { t)e "(ties of)
5@
0' -& #nh Ic 2iXt
t%nective &r a%ver2 "&m:arative
-u:erlative
!S
+ar
little
m(c
)
man
,
goo"
.ell
ba"
ba"l
,
fart)e
r
f(rt)e
r less
more
bette
r
.ors
e
fart)es
t
f(rt)es
t least
most
best
.ors
t
b=u {O +arther : "2ng c)o A)oOng cGc)
+urther : "2ng c)o t)Tng tin )onc m4t sk tr37ng )8p tr6( t38ng A)Gc
a)e "i s tan c e from ,o(r )o(se to sc)ool is fart)er t)an
t)at of mineZ If ,o( .ant moreaf(rt)er informat ionM please
call to t)e agentZ
-ejt ,ear )e .ill come to t)e ^ZS for )is f(rt)er ({ more) e"(cation
3' -& #nh a 2<i
a3sng 53sng ce( trgc tiBng ViRt: gep r3iM gep )aiZZZ
C)Tng 538c s9 ":ng so sGn) )sn Aym m< s9 ":ng so sGn) bongM A)i so sGn) p)Oi jGc 5Pn)
"an) t6 l<
5Bm 538c )a, A)Tng 5Bm 538cM vi 5ong tr3Dc c)gng c?
manUamuch
a)is enc,clope", costs t.ice as much as t)e ot)er oneZ
|xO_erome )as ) alf as manU recor " s no. a s I )a" last ,earZ
-g> p)Gp )iRn 5Hi ng<, na,M 5nc biRt l< ng> p)Gp + c)o p)yp "2ng so sGn) )sn Aym
5Bn gep 3 l]n trQ lbnM n)3ng 5ki vDi gep 2 )onc 1$2 t)i t(,Rt 5ki A)TngZ
*Gc lki n?i: twice that manUatwice that much { gep 5Ti ng]n e,ZZZ c)m 538c "2ng trong
A)( ng>M A)Tng 538c "2ng 5U viBtZ
#e )ave ejpecte" 0S people at t)at rall,M b(t t.ice t) at m an, s)o.ne" (pZ (t.ice as
man, as t)at n(mber)Z
5' -& #nh kz:
N< loHi so sGn) vDi ce( trgc: *<ngZZZ c<ngZZZ
*Gc t%nat%v so sGn) p)Oi 5Xng Q 5]( cI(M tr3Dc c)gng p)Oi c? he
he \ c&m:arative \ - \ 1 \ the \ c&m:arative \
- \ 1
a)e ) otter it isM t) e more miserable I feelZ
-B( c)m m4t vB c? ["u$["v so sGn) t)i vB c;n lHi c? t)U "2ng he m&re
he m&re \ - \ 1 \ the \ c&m:arative \
- \ 1
a)e mo r e ,o( st(",M t)e smarter ,o( .ill becomeZ
Sa( he m&re Q vB t)X n)et c? t)U c? that n)3ng A)Tng n)et t)iBtZ
a)e more (t)at) ,o( st(",M t)e smarter ,o( .ill becomeZ
a)e more (t)at) .e Ano. abo(t itM t)e more .e are ass(re"
arong tr37ng )8p nB( cO )ai vB 5Y( c? t)<n) ng> it i# t)i bJ c)gng 5i
a)e s)orter (it is)M t)e better (it is)Z
Honc nB( cO )ai vB 5Y( l< t& 2e t)i bJ 5i
a)e closer to one of t)e àrt)s pole (is)M t)e greater t)e gravitational force (is)Z
!1
*Gc t)<n) ng>: all the 2etter (c<ng tkt )sn)M all the m&re (c<ngZZZ )sn)M n&t''' anU
the m&re''' (c)ngZZZ )snZZZ tl n<o)M n&ne the m&re''' (c)ng c)gt n<o) "2ng 5U n)en
ret mHn) c)o cGc tln) t6 )onc p)? t6 538c 5em ra so sGn) 5ong sa(Z -? c)m 538c "2ng vDi
cGc tEnh t tru t=9ng:
Ex: S(n"a, mornings .ere niceZ I enuo,e" t)em all t)e mo r e beca(se S(e (se" to
come ro(n" to breaAfastZ
(cGc sGng c)= n)}t tr7i t)}t 5xpZ aTi lHi c<ng t)lc) n)>ng sGng c)= n)}t 5? )sn n>(
vi S(e t)37ng g)y W(a wn sGngZ)
Ex: He "i"nt seem to be an, t)e .o r s e for )is ejperienceZ
!S
([n) ta c<ng A)G )sn lbn vi n)>ng Ain) ng)iRm c=a min)Z)
Ex: He ejplaine" it all caref(ll,M b(t I .as still none t)e . ise rZ
([n) ta giOi t)lc) to<n b4 5iY( 5? cn t)}n n)3ng tTi vfn A)Tng sGng ra c)gt n<o cOZ)
*e( trgc n<, t(,Rt 5ki A)Tng "2ng c)o cGc tln) t6 c: t)U:
Ex: jnc&rrectO a)ose pills )ave ma"e )im all t)e slimmerZ
7' "Gu trCc F& #&&ner''' than ] 1a mYi ''' th` x'''
*)m "2ng c)o t)7i (G A)X v< t)7i HiRn tHiM A)Tng "2ng c)o t)7i a3sng laiZ
F& #&&ner 5Xng Q 5]( m4t mRn) 5YM t)eo sa( n? l< m4t tr8 54ng t6 5Oo lbn tr3Dc c)=
ng> 5U n)en mHn)M than 5Xng Q 5]( mRn) 5Y c;n lHi:
F& #&&ner \ auxiliarU \ - \ 1 \ than \ -
\ 1
-o s o oner )a" .e starte" o(t for *alifornia t)an it starte" to rainZ (4a#tJ
+4t vl ": Q t)7i )iRn tHi (will 538c le, sang "2ng c)o )iRn tHi)
-o sooner .ill )e arrive t)an )e .ant to leaveZ(4re#entJ
+4t ce( trgc t3sng 53sng ce( trgc n<,:
F& #&&ner ''' than ''' ] mar%lUa-carelU ''' when
Scarel, )a" t)e, felt in love eac) ot)er .)en t)e, got marie"Z
b=u {O F& l&nger ''' ] n&t ''' anUm&re ] khng ''' n/aM "2ng t)eo ce( trgc:
- \ n& l&nger \ 4&#itive
1er2
8' -& #nh gi/a ) ng=>i h&Ic ) vMt
C)i so sGn) gi>a 2 ng37i )onc 2 v}tM c)m 538c "2ng so sGn) )sn AymM A)Tng 538c "2ng
so sGn) b}c n)etM mnc "2 trong m4t sk "Hng vwn n?i v< cO vwn viBt vfn c)ep n)}n so sGn)
b}c n)etZ (bi cv 2Tn)Z
ar3Dc a%n v< a%v so sGn) p)Oi c? theM trong cI( c? t)<n) ng> &+ the tw& \ n&un t)<n)
ng> c? t)U 5Xng 5]( )onc c(ki cI(Z
Harve, is t)e smarter of t ) e t.o b o,sZ
tf t)e t . o s ) irtsM t)is one is t)e pre ttie rZ
!' -& #nh 2Mc nhGt
12ng A)i so sGn) 3 ng37i )onc 3 v}t trQ lbn:
vki vDi tln) t6 v< p)? t6 ngKn "2ng 5(Ti e#tZ
vki vDi tln) t6 v< p)? t6 "<i "2ng m&#t )onc lea#tZ
vong tr3Dc so sGn) p)Oi c? the'
12ng giDi t6 in vDi "an) t6 sk ltZ
_o)n is t)e tallest bo, in t)e famil,
12ng giDi t6 &+ vDi "an) t6 sk n)iY(
1eana is t)e s)ortest of t)e t)ree sisters
Sa( t)<n) ng> ne &+ the \ so sGn) b}c n)et + n&un p)Oi 5Om bOo c)Kc c)Kn rong
n&un p)Oi l< sk
n)iY(M v< 54ng t6 p)Oi c)ia Q
sk ltZ
tne of t)e greatest tennis pla,ers in t)e .orl" is _o)nsonZ
+4t sk cGc tln) t6 )onc p)? t6 mang tln) t(,Rt 5ki t)i cem "2ng so sGn) b}c n)etM )Hn
c)B "2ng so sGn) )sn AymM nB( b(4c p)Oi "2ng t)i bJ m&re:
uniiuea extremea :er+ecta #u:remea t&:a a2#&lutea4rimea
!1
4rimarU
His "ra.ings are perfect t)an mineZ
:re+era2le t& -2a-th''' ] 538c 3a t)lc)
)snZZZ #u:eri&r t& -2a-th''' ] sib( viRt
)snZZZ in+eri&r t& -2a-th''' ] )H 5ng
)snZZZ
!2
!2
[anh t %Png lm tEnh t
arong tiBng [n) c? )iRn t38ng m4t "an) t6 5Xng tr3Dc m4t "an) t6 A)Gc l<m n)iRm v: c=a m4t
tln) t6Z vU
l<m 538c c)Xc nwng n)3 v},M c)2ng p)Oi bOo 5Om n)>ng tln) c)et
vXng nga, tr3Dc "an) t6 m< n? bL ng)EaZ
C)Tng 538c p)yp c? )in) t)Gi sk n)iY( tr6 m4t sk tr37ng )8p 5nc biRtZ
-o frills store { c9a )<ng A)Tng trang trl
m<( mZ a sports$sport car
small-claims co(rt { p)ibn to< j9 n)>ng v: n8 vntZ
-B( c? )ai "an) t6 c2ng l<m tln) t6 t)i gi>a c)gng p)Oi c? "e(
gHc) nki -Z arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p nB( "2ng "an) t6 l<m tln) t6 t)i
mang ng)Ea 5en:
[ gol" .atc) a .atc) ma"e of gol"Z
-)3ng nB( "2ng tln) t6 gkc mang ng)Ea b?ng:
[ gol"en opport(nit, { a c)ance t)at it is ver, rare an" precio(s (W(l giG)Z
C)Tng 538c "2ng tln) t6 bL tr8 c)o "an) t6 A)i c)o n? c)m tln) c)et ng)Y ng)iRp )onc n4i
"(ng:
mat)ematics teac)er$ a biolog, booA
!3
|n&ug
h
|n&ugh l(Tn 5Xng 5ong sa( t%nat%v n)3ng lHi p)Oi 5Xng tr3Dc "an) t6:
.ell eno(g)ZZZ
|xOeno(g) foo"M eno(g) .aterZZZ
arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p nB( "an) t6 5| 538c n)Kc 5Bn Q trbnM t)i Q "3Di c? W(,Yn "2ng en&ugh
n)3 m4t
5Hi t6 l< 5=
I forgot mone,Z 1o ,o( )ave eno(g)
!
M<t #D tr=>ng h9: c thN
%Png much } manU
+an,$ +(c) + no(n$ no(n p)rase n)3 m4t 5Pn) ng>Z
Ex: S)e "i"nt eat m(c) breaAfast
(*T ta A)Tng wn sGng n)iY()
Ex: a)ere arent man, large glasses left
(C)Tng c;n lHi n)iY( ckc lDn)
a(, n)ibn m(c) of + personal an" geograp)ic names c? t)U 538c "2ng m< A)Tng c]n "Pn)
ng> 5i Am t)eo "an) t6 5ong sa(:
Ex: I )ave seen too m(c) of Ho.ar" recentl,Z
(d]n 5I, tTi )a, gnp Ho.ar")
Ex: -ot m(c) of 1enmarA is )ill,Z
(van mHc) A)Tng c? me, 5\i ngi)
+an,$+(c) of + "eterminer (aM t)eM t)isM m,ZZZ ) + no(nZ
Ex: o( cant see m(c) of a co(ntr, in a .eeAZ
([n) A)Tng t)U biBt n)iY( vY m4t n3Dc trong v;ng m4t t(]n 5I(Z)
Ex: I .ont pass t)e ejamZ I )ave misse" man, of m, lessonsZ
(aTi s A)Tng t)oGt 538c A t)i n<, metM tTi bJ W(G n)iY( b<iZ)
+an, v< m(c) "2ng n)iY( trong cI( p)= 5Pn) v< cI( ng)i venM n)3ng trong cI( A)ng
5Pn) nbn "2ng cGc loHi t6 A)Gc n)3 plent, ofM a lotM lots ofZZZ 5U t)a, t)BZ
Ex: Ho. m(c) mone, )ave ,o( got Ive got plent ,Z
Ex: He got lo ts of men frien"sM b(t )e "oesnt Ano. man, .omenZ
a(, n)ibn trong tiBng [n) c)(n (formal) m(c) v< man, vfn 538c "2ng bin) t)37ng trong
cI( A)ng
5Pn)Z
Ex: +(c) )as been .ritten abo(t t)e ca(ses of (nemplo,ment in t)e opinion of ma n ,
economistsZ
+(c) "2ng n)3 m4t p)? t6:
Ex: I "ont travel m(c) t)ese "a,sZ
+(c) c? t)U "2ng tr3Dc m4t sk 54ng t6 "izn 5Ht sV 3a t)lc) v< m4t sk ~ t3sng tV 5nc biRt
trong "Hng tiBng [n) W(i c)(nZ
Ex: I m(c) appreciate ,o(r )elpZ
Ex: #e m(c) prefer t)e co(ntr, to t)e to.nZ
Ex: _anet m(c) enuo,e" )er sta, .it) ,o(r famil,Z
5ki vDi m4t sk 54ng t6 (n)3 liAe$ "isliAeZZZ ) c)m nbn "2ng m(c) sa( ver, v< trong ce( trgc p)=
5Pn)Z
Ex: I ver, m(c) liAe ,o(r brot)erZ
Ex: I "ont m(c) liAe ,o(r "ogZ Its ver, cr(elZ
!5
M<t #D cch %Png Ic 2iXt c;a much v
manUO
vnc ng>: +(c) too m(c)$ man, so man, "2ng 54c l}p sa( mRn) 5Y tr3Dc "an) t6 m< n? bL
ng>Z
Ex: a)e cost of a t)irt,-secon" commercial on a net.orA television station is 3SSMSSSM
m ( c) too m (c) for most b(sinessZ
+an, a + sing(lar no(n + sing(lar verb: &iBt bao n)ib(Z
+an, a s trong man )as "is)eartene" before s(c) a c)allengeZ
Ex: I )ave been to t)e top of t)e èil to.er man, a timeZ
+an,s
t)e
Smb +
.)o
Smt +
t)at
(biBt bao n)ib() + sing(lar verb
Ex: +an, s t) e st("ent . ) o co(l"nt follo. t)e post-gra"(ate co(rses at ^niversities an"
colleges (n"er t)e press(re of mone,Z
(&iBt bao n)ib( sin) vibn 5| A)Tng
t)UZZZ ) +an, s t)e p r omise t)at )a s
been bro Ae nZ (&iBt bao n)ib( l7i
)XaZZZ )
4hSn 2iXt thVm vQ cch
%Png
al&ta l&t# &+a :lentUa a great %eal #& vYi
manUa
muc
h
*Gc t)<n) ng> trbn t3sng 53sng vDi m(c)$ man, (n)iY() v< most
(5a p)]n)Z [ lot of$ lots of (informal) { a great "eal$ alarge n(mber of$
m(c)$ man, (formal)
C)Tng c? A)Gc n)a( gi me, gi>a Fa lot ofF v< lots ofZ *)= ng> c)ln) sa( )ai t)<n) ng>
n<, s W(,Bt
5Pn) viRc c)ia 54ng t6Z
[ lot of$ lots of +
(nco(ntable no(n + sing(lar
verb pl(ral no(n + pl(ral verb
[ lot of time is nee"e" to learn a
lang(ageZ Nots of (s t) inA its time
for an electionZ
Plent, of 538c "2ng p)L biBn trong informal `nglis)Z
1ont r(s)M t)eres plent, of
timeZ Plent, of s)ops taAe
c)ecAsZ
[ large a mo(nt of { a great "eal of + non-co(nt no(n (formal `nglis))
I )ave t)ro.n a large amo(nt of ol" clot)ingZ
+r N(cas )as spent a great "eal of time in t)e 'ar àstZ
[ lot v< a great "eal c? t)U 538c "2ng l<m p)? t6 v< vP trl c=a n? l< Q c(ki cI(Z
Ex: tn )oli"a, .e .alA an" s.im a lotZ
Ex: a)e gorvernment seems to c)ange its min" a great "ealZ
Ex:
M<t #D cch %Png c thN c;a m&re } m&#t
+ore + no(n$no(n p)rase: "2ng n)3 m4t 5Pn) ng>
#e nee" more timeZ
+ore (ni v ers it, st("e n ts are )aving to borro. mone, t)ese "a,Z
+ore + of + personal$geograp)ic names
It .o(l" be nice to see more of ca, an" &arbaraZ
cet )a, A)i 538c gnp ca, v< &arbara t)37ng
j(,bn )snZ
'ive )(n"re" ,ears agoM m(c) more of &ritain .as covere" .it) treesZ
5SS nwm tr3Dc 5I,M 5a p)]n n3Dc [n) p)= n)iY( r6ng )sn bI, gi7 n)iY(Z
+ore of + "eterminer$prono(n (a$ t)e$ m,$ t)is$ )im$ t)emZZZ)
He is more of a fool t)an I t)o(g)tZ
-? l< m4t t)ong ng( )sn tTi t3Qng
n)iY(Z
a)ree m ore of t)e missing climbers )ave been
fo(n"Z *o(l" I )ave some m ore of t)at
smoAe" qs)Z
I "ont t)inA an, more of t)em .ant to comeZ
tne more$ t.o moreZZZ + no(n$ no(n p)rase
Ex: a)ere is u(st one mo r e riv e r to crossZ
-)3ng p)Oi "2ng car"inal n(mber (sk 5Bm) + no(n + more ('ive "ollars more) nB( more
mang ng)Ea t)bm n>aZ
He )as contrib(te" 5SM an" no. )e .ants to contrib(te 5S moreZ
+ost + no(n { va p)]nM 5a sk
+ o st c) e e s e is ma"e from co.s
milAZ + o st S. is s people
(n"erstan" 'renc)Z
+ost + "eterminer$ prono(n (aM t)eM t)isM m,M )imZZZ) { H]( )BtZZZ
He )as eaten 2 pias an" most of a col"
c)icAenZ + o st of m, frien"s live abroa"Z
S)e )as eaten most of t ) at caAeZ
+ost of (s t)o(g)t )e .as .rongZ
+ost 538c "2ng n)3 m4t "an) t6M nB( Q trbnM "an) t6 )onc c)= ng> 5? 5| 538c n)Kc 5BnZ
Some people )a" "ic(lt, .it) t)e lect(reM b(t most (n"erstoo"Z
[nn an" cobb, fo(n" a lot of blacAberr ie sM b(t S(san fo(n" t)e m os tZ
+ost + a"uective A)i mang ng)Ea ver,
a)at is most Ain" of ,o(Z
a)anA ,o( for a most interesting afternoonZ
"ch %Png l&ng } H+&rJ a l&ng time
Nong 538c "2ng trong cI( )Ji v< cI( p)= 5Pn)Z
Have ,o( been .aiting long
It "oes not taAe long to get to )er
)o(seZ S)e sel"om sta,s longZ
(for) a long time "2ng trong cI( A)ng 5Pn)
I .aite" for a long timeM b(t s)e "i"nt
arriveZ It taAes a long time to get to
)er )o(seZ
Nong chng 538c "2ng trong cI( A)ng 5Pn) A)i 5i vDi: tooM eno(g)M asM so
a)e meeting .ent on m(c) too longZ
I )ave been .orAing )ere long eno(g )Z aime to get a
ne. uobZ o( can sta, as long as ,o( .antZ
Sorr, I tooA so longZ
Nong before (lI( tr3Dc A)i)$ long after (m|i sa( A)i)$ long ago (cGc) 5I, 5| lI()
Ex: #e (se" to live in ParisM b(t t)at .as long before ,o( .ere bornZ
Ex: Nong after t)e acci"ent )e (se" to "ream t)at )e .as ",ingZ
Ex: Nong ag oM in a "istant co(ntr,M t)ere live" a bea(tif(l princessZ
Nong p)Oi 5nt sa( tr8 54ng t6: a)is is a problem t)at )as long been recognie"Z
[ll "a,$ nig)t$ .eeA$ ,ear long { s(kt cOZZZ
S)e sits "reaming all "a, long
(*T ta ng\i ms m4ng s(kt cO ng<,)Z
&efore + long { -ga, bI, gi7M c)ng bao lI( n>a
I .ill be bacA before long
(aTi s W(a, lHi nga, bI, gi7)Z
arong cI( p)= 5Pn) for a long time (5| lI(M trong m4t t)7i gian "<i) for long (ngKnM
A)Tng "<iM c)kc lGt)
S)e "i"nt speaA for longZ ({ s)e onl, spoAe for a s)ort time)
S)e "i"nt speaA for a long timeZ ({ s)e .as silent for a long time)
Ho. long )ave ,o( been )ere for { [n) s Q 5I, lI( c)X (bao g\m )onc 5Y c}p 5Bn cO t3sng
lai)Z
Ho. long )ave ,o( been )ere for
^ntil t)e en" of nejt
.eeAZ
Ho. long )ave ,o( been )ere for ([n) 5| Q 5I, c)o 5Bn gi7 l<
bao lI( r\i) Since last +on"a,Z
nDi
(' Wecau#e* Wecau#e &+
vong sa( &eca(se p)Oi "2ng 1 cI( )o<n c)mn) n)3ng 5ong sa( &eca(se of p)Oi "2ng 1 ng>
"an) t6Z
&eca(se of { on acco(nt of { "(e to
-)3ng nbn "2ng "(e to sa( 54ng t6 to be c)o c)(nZ
a)e acci"ent .as "(e to t)e )eav, rainZ
12ng as a res(lt of 5U n)en mHn) )}( W(O c=a )<n) 54ng )onc sV v}tM sV viRcZ
He .as blin"e" as a res(lt of a terrible acci"entZ
)' nDi chc mc Ech v kZt iuT
arong ce( trgc n<, ng37i ta "2ng t)<n) ng> Fso t)atF (sao c)oM 5U c)o)Z v4ng t6 Q mRn)
5Y sa( Fso t)at" p)Oi 5U Q t)7i t3sng lai so vDi t)7i c=a 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y c)ln)Z
He st("ie" ver, )ar" so t)at )e co(l" pass t)e testZ
P)Oi p)In biRt Fso t)atF trong ce( trgc n<, vDi so t)at mang ng)Ea "o 5? (t)erefore)Z
*Gc) p)In biRt "(, n)et l< 54ng t6 5ong sa( so t)at mang ng)Ea "o 5? "izn biBn bin)
t)37ng so vDi t)7i c=a 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y 5ong tr3DcZ
#e )ear" not)ing from )im #& that ( { t)erefore) .e .on"ere" if )e move" a.a,Z
,' nDi chc nguUVn nhSn v kZt iuT'
arong loHi t6 nki n<, ng37i ta "2ng ce( trgc so$s(c) ZZZZ t)at { W(GM 5Bn ni m< v< c)ia l<m
n)iY( loHi s9 ":ngZ
12ng vDi tln) t6 v< p)? t6 : *e( trgc l< so ZZZZZ t)atZ
aerr, ran so fast t)at )e broAe t)e previo(s spee" recor"Z
_(", .orAe" so "iligentl, t)at s)e receive" an increase in salar,Z
12ng vDi "an) t6 sk n)iY(: *e( trgc vfn l< so ZZZ t)at n)3ng p)Oi "2ng man, )onc fe.
tr3Dc "an) t6 5?Z
I )a" so fe . uob oe r s t)at it .asnt "ic(lt to select oneZ
12ng vDi "an) t6 A)Tng 5Bm 538c : *e( trgc vfn l< so ZZZ t)at n)3ng p)Oi "2ng m(c) )onc
little tr3Dc "an) t6 5?Z
He )as investe" so m(c) mone, in t)e prouect t) at )e cant aban"on it no.Z
12ng vDi tln) t6 + "an) t6 sk lt: #uch a ''' that' *? t)U "2ng #& t)eo ce( trgc : #& \
a%n \ a \
n&un ''' that' HEt :hs 2iZn hvnJ
It .as s(c) a )ot "a, t) at .e "eci"e" to sta,
in"oorsZ It .as so )ot a "a, t) at .e "eci"e" to
sta, in"oorsZ
12ng vDi tln) t6 + "an) t6 sk n)iY($A)Tng 5Bm 538c: s(c) ZZZ t)atZ a(,Rt 5ki A)Tng 538c
"2ng soZ
a)e, are s( c ) bea(tif(l p ict(res t)at ever,bo", .ill
.ant oneZ a)is is s( c ) "ic(lt )ome.orA t) at I .ill
never qnis) itZ
0' M<t #D cc t nDi mang tEnh iQu kiXn khc'
|ven i+ \ negative ver2O c)o "2Z
o( m(st go tomorro. even if ,o( arent rea",Z
uhether &r n&t \ :&#itive ver2O "2 c? )a, A)TngZ
o( m(st go tomorro. .)et)er or not ,o( are rea",Z
*Gc 5Hi t6 ng)i ven 5Xng 5]( cI( chng "2ng l<m t6 nki v< 54ng t6 t)eo sa( c)gng p)Oi c)ia
Q ngTi t)X
3 sk ltZ
#)et)er )e goes o(t tonig)t "epen"s on )is girl"frien"Z
#), t)ese p(pils can not solve t)is problems maAes t)e teac)ers conf(se"Z
+4t sk cGc t6 nki c? W(, l(}t ribng c=a c)gng nB( ABt )8p vDi n)a(
tn% m&re&ver tn% in a%%ti&n tn% thu# &r &therwi#e
%S
tn% +urtherm&re tn% there+&re Wut neverthele## Wut ''' anUwaU
-B( nki gi>a )ai mRn) 5YM 5ong tr3Dc c)gng p)Oi c? "e( p),
He .as ej)a(ste"M an" t)erefore )is u("gement .as not ver, goo"Z
-)3ng nB( nki gi>a )ai t6 5sn t)i A)Tng
a)e missing piece is small b(t nevert)eless signiqcantZ
wnle## \ :&#itive ] i+ ''' n&tO ar6 p)iM nB( A)TngZ
o( .ill be late (nless ,o( start at onceZ
Wut +&r that \ unreal c&n%iti&nO -B( A)Tng t)i
HiRn tHi
+, fat)er pa,s m, feeM b(t for t)at I co(l"nt be )ere(&(t )e is )ere learning)
(G A)X
+, car broAe "o.nM b(t for t)at .e .o(l" )ave been )ere in time (&(t t)e, .ere late)
therwi#e \ real c&n%iti&nO CoM nB( A)Tng t)iZ
#e m(st be bacA before mi"nig)t ot)er.ise I .ill be locAe" o(tZ
therwi#e \ unreal c&n%iti&nO CoM nB( A)Tng t)i n)3ng sa( n? p)Oi l< 5iY( AiRn
A)Tng t)U t)Vc )iRn 538c
HiRn tHi
Her fat)er s(pports )er finance ot ) er.ise s)e c o ( l"nt con"(ct t)ese ejperiments (&(t
s)e can .it) )er fat)ers)Z
(G A)X:
I (se" a comp(terM ot )e r.ise I .o( l" )ave taAen longer .it) t)ese calc(lations (&(t )e
"i"nt taAe an, longer)Z
N3( ~: arong tiBng [n) t)Tng t:c (colloW(ial `nglis)) ng37i ta "2ng &r el#e 5U t)a, t)B c)o
&therwi#eZ
4r&vi%e%a4r&vi%ing thatO VDi 5iY( AiRn l<M mizn l< { a# l&ng a#
o( can camp )ere provi"ing t)at ,o( leave no messZ
-u::&#ea-u::&#ing ] uhat ''' i+ O diO s9 ZZZZ t)i sa(M -B( ZZZZZ t)i saoZ
S(ppose t)e plane is late { #)at (.ill )appen) if t)e plane is lateZ
b=u {O
S(ppose c;n c? t)U 538c "2ng 5U 53a ra l7i g8i ~Z
S(ppose ,o( asA )im { #), "ont ,o( asA )imZ
N3( ~ t)<n) ng>: #)at if I am: aao t)B t)i 5| sao n<o (mang tln) t)Gc) t)Xc)
j+ &nlU \ - \ #im:le :re#entawill \ ver2 ] h&:e thatO )i vrng rong
|x O If onl, )e comes in time
|x O If onl, )e .ill learn )ar"er for t)e test nejt mont)Z
j+ &nlU \ - \ #im:le :a#ta:a#t :er+ect ] wi#h thatH*I( 5$A A)Tng t)Vc )iRn 538c) { giG
m<
If onl, )e came in time no.Z
If onl, s)e )a " st("ie" )ar"er for t)at test
j+ &nlU \ - \ w&ul% \ 1
1izn 5Ht m4t )<n) 54ng A)Tng t)U jO, ra Q )iRn tHi
If onl, )e .o(l" "rive more slo.l, { .e .is) )e "rove more slo.l,Z
1izn 5Ht m4t 3Dc m(kn vT vrng vY t3sng lai:
If onl, it .o(l" stop raining
Imme"iatel, { as soon as { t)e moment (t)at) { t)e instant t)at { "irectl,: nga, l}p tXc$
nga, A)i m<
Ex: aell me imme"iatl, ({as soon as ) ,o( )ave an, ne.sZ
Ex: P)one me t)e moment t)at ,o( get t)e res(ltsZ
Ex: I love ,o( t)e instant (t)at) I sa. ,o(Z
Ex: 1irectl, I .alAe" in t)e "oor I smelt smoAeZ
%1
"Su 2
<ng
-g37i ta "2ng cI( bP 54ng 5U n)en mHn) v<o tIn ng> c=a cI( c)= 54ngZ
a)7i c=a 54ng t6 Q cI( bP 54ng p)Oi t(In t)eo t)7i c=a 54ng t6 Q cI( c)= 54ngZ
-B( l< loHi 54ng t6 c? 2 tIn ng>M m(kn n)en mHn) v<o tIn ng> n<o ng37i ta 53a tIn ng>
5? lbn l<m c)= ng> n)3ng t)Tng t)37ng c)= ng> )8p l~ c=a cI( bP 54ng l< tIn ng> giGn
tiBpZ
I gave )im a booA { I gave a booA to )im { He .as given a booA b, meZ
vnt " 2U \ tSn ng/ mYi" 5ong sa( tet cO cGc tIn ng> A)GcZ
-B( sa( 2U l< m4t 5Hi t6 vT n)In j3ng mang ng)Ea ng37i ta: 2U :e&:leM 2U #2 t)i bJ )n n?
5iZ
SI+PN` Pc`S`-a tc SI+PN`
P[Sa [m
is
are + verb in past participle
.as
.er
e
Ex: tctiveO H(rricanes "estro, a great "eal of propert, eac) ,earZ
Ex: 4a##iveO [ great "eal of propert, is "estro,e" b, )(rricanes eac) ,earZ
Pc`S`-a Pctdc`SSIV` tc P[Sa
Pctdc`SSIV` [m
is
are + being + verb in past participle
.as
.er
e
Ex: tctiveO a)e committee is consi"ering several ne. proposalsZ
Ex: 4a##iveO Several ne. proposals are being consi"ere" b, t)e committeeZ
Pc`S`-a P`c'`*a tc P[Sa
P`c'`*a Has
)ave + been +verb in past participle
)a"
Ex: tctiveO a)e compan, )as or"ere" some ne. eW(ipmentZ
Ex: 4a##iveO Some ne. eW(ipment )as been or"ere" b, t)e compan,Z
+t1[N
S
mo"al + been +verb in past participle
Ex: tctiveO a)e manager s)o(l" sign t)ese contracts to"a,Z
Ex: 4a##iveO a)ese contracts s )o(l" be sig n e" b, t)e manager to"a,Z
*Gc n4i 54ng t6 (v4ng t6 A)Tng ,b( c]( 1 tIn ng> n<o) A)Tng 538c "2ng Q bP 54ngZ
+, leg )(rtsZ
%2
vnc biRt A)i c)= ng> c)P( trGc) n)iRm c)ln) c=a )<n) 54ng chng A)Tng 538c c)(,Un
t)<n) cI( bP 54ngZ
a)e [merica taAes c)arge: -3Dc + n)}n l|n) trGc) n)iRm
%3
-B( l< ng37i )onc v}t trVc tiBp gI, ra )<n) 54ng t)i "2ng 2U n)3ng nB( l< v}t giGn tiBp
gI, ra )<n)
54ng t)i "2ng withZ
a)e bir" .as s)ot .it) t)e g(n - a)e bir" .as s)ot b, t)e )(nterZ
arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p t& 2eat& get \ 4
)
)o<n to<n A)Tng mang ng)Ea bP 54ng m< mang
2 ng)Ea:
*)m trHng t)Gi m< c)= ng> 5ang Q trong 5?
*o(l" ,o( please c)ecA m, mailboj .)ile I
am gon eZ He got lost in t)e mae of t)e
to.n ,ester"a,Z
*)m viRc c)= ng> tV l<m le,
a)e little bo, gets "resse" ver,
W(icAl,Z *o(l" I give ,o( a )an"
.it) t)ese tiresZ
Ex: -o t)anAsM I .ill be "one .)en I qnis) tig)tening t)ese boltsZ
+ri sV biBn 5Li vY t)7i v< t)U 5Y( n)om v<o 54ng t6 t& 2eM c;n p)In t6 2 gi> ng(,bnZ
t& 2e ma%e &+O R=9c lm 2yng HvY c}p 5Bn c)et liR( l<m nbn v}t)
a)is table is ma"e of .oo"
t& 2e ma%e +r&mO R=9c lm ra t H5Y c}p 5Bn viRc ng(,bn v}t liR( bP biBn 5Li )o<n
to<n A)Ji trHng t)Gi ban 5]( 5U l<m nbn v}t)
Paper is ma"e from .oo"
t& 2e ma%e &ut &+O R=9c lm 2yng H5Y c}p 5Bn W(G trin) l<m ra v}t)
a)is caAe .as ma"e o(t of o(rM b(tterM s(garM eggs an" milA
t& 2e ma%e withO R=9c lm vYi H5Y c}p 5Bn c)m m4t trong sk n)iY( c)et liR( l<m nbn v}t)
a)is so(p tastes goo" beca(se it .as ma"e .it) a lot of spicesZ
P)In biRt t)bm vY cGc) "2ng marrU v< %iv&rce trong 2 t)U: *)= 54ng v< bP 54ng
C)i A)Tng c? tIn ng> t)i ng37i [n) 3a "2ng get marie% v< get %iv&rce% trong "Hng
in+&rmal
|ngli#h'
N(l( an" _oe got marie" last .eeAZ
(informal) N(l( an" _oe marrie" last
.eeAZ (formal)
[fter 3 ver, (n)app, ,ears t)e, got "ivorce"Z
(informal) [fter 3 ver, (n)app, ,ears t)e,
"ovorce"Z (formal)
Sa( marrU v< %iv&rce l< m4t tIn ng> trVc tiBp A)Tng c? giDi t6: & marU a %iv&rce #m2
S)e marrie" a b(il"erZ
[n"re. is going to "ivorce *arola
& 2ea get marrie%a t& #m2 HgiYi t t& l 2^t 2u<cJ
S)e got marrie" to )er c)il")oo" s.eet)eartZ
He )as been marrie" to No(isa for 1! ,ears an" )e still "oesnt (n"erstan" )erZ
%3
R<ng t gSU nguUVn nhSn
v? l< n)>ng 54ng t6 "izn 5Ht 5ki t38ng t)X n)et gI, c)o 5ki t38ng t)X )ai m4t 5iY( gi vDi m4t
sk mf( cI( n)3 sa(:
%
& have #2 %& #th ] t& get #2 t& %& #th ]
-ai ai* khiZn ai* 2T& ai lm g`
Ill )ave Peter qj m,
carZ Ill get Peter to qj
m, carZ
(' & haveat& get #th %&ne ] R=a ci g` i lm
a)eo A)(,n) )3Dng n<, 54ng t6 t& want v< w&ul% like chng c? t)U "2ng vDi mf( cI(
n)3 v},: & wanta w&u l% like -th % &ne'
*I( )Ji "2ng c)o loHi mf( cI( n<, l<: uhat %& U&u want %&ne
t& -th
#)at "o ,o( .ant "one to ,o(r car
I .anta .o(l" liAe it .as)e"Z
)' & make #2 %& #th ] t& +&rce #2 t& %& #th ] W^t 2u<c ai :hTi lm g`
vong sa( tIn ng> c=a make c;n c? t)U "2ng 1 tln) t6: & make #2a#th \ a % n
#earing flo.ers ma"e )er more bea(tif(lZ
*)emical treatment .ill maAe t)is .oo" more "(rable
,' & make #2 \ 4
)
] lm ch& ai 2 lm #a&
#orAing all nig)t on 'ri"a, ma"e me ti r e" on Sat(r"a,Z
0' & cau#e #th \ 4
)
] lm ch& ci g` 2 lm #a&
a)e big t)(n"er storm ca(se" man, .aterfront ) o(ses "a m age "Z
-B( tIn ng> c=a make l< m4t 54ng t6 ng(,bn t)U t)i p)Oi 5nt it gi>a make v< tln) t6M 5nt
54ng t6 ra p)la 5ong sa(: make it \ a%n \ 1 a# &2n e ct'
a)e .ire service ma"e it p ossible to col lect an" "istrib(te ne.s faster an" c)eaperZ
a(, n)ibn nB( tIn ng> c=a make l< 1 "an) t6 )a, 1 ng> "an) t6 t)i A)Tng 538c 5nt it
gi>a maAe v< tln) t6: Make \ a % n \ n &una n & un :hra#e'
a)e .ire service ma"e possible m(c) s p ee"ier colle c tion an" "istrib(tion of ne. sZ
3' & let #2 %& #th ] t& :ermitaall&w #2 t& %& #th ] N ai* ch& :hz: ai lm g`
If I let ,o( go #estlifeZ
[t qrstM s)e "ont allo. me to Ais )er b(tZZZ
5' & hel: #2 t& %& #tha%& #th ] GiC: ai lm g`
-B( tIn ng> c=a hel: l< m4t 5Hi t6 vT n)In j3ng mang ng)Ea ng37i ta t)i A)Tng c]n p)Oi
n)Kc 5Bn tIn ng> 5? v< bJ l(Tn cO t& c=a 54ng t6 5ong sa(l
a)is .on"er "r(g .ill )elp (people to) r ecover more W(icAl,Z
-B( tIn ng> c=a hel: v< tIn ng> c=a 54ng t6 sa( n? tr2ng )8p vDi n)a(M ng37i ta s bJ
tIn ng> sa(
hel: v< bJ l(Tn cO t& c=a 54ng t6 5ong
sa(Z
|xOa)e bo", fat of t)e bear .ill )elp ()im to) Aeep )im alive "(ring )ibernationZ
7' , <ng t Ic 2iXt
v? l< n)>ng 54ng t6 m< ng> ng)Ea c=a c)gng s t)a, 5Li 5Ti c)gt A)i 54ng t6 sa( tIn ng> c=a
c)gng Q cGc "Hng A)Gc n)a(Z
ao see$to .atc)$ to )ear sb$st) "o st) ()<n) 54ng c)Xng AiBn t6 5]( 5Bn c(ki)
I )ear t)e telep)one ringZ
& #eeat& watcha t& hear #2a#th %&ing #th H)<n) 54ng A)Tng c)Xng AiBn trrn vxn
m< c)m n)et t)7i)
%5
I see )er singingZ
%!
"Su :h?c h9: v Bi t iuan hX thaU thZ
aiBng [n) c? 2 loHi cI(
*I( 5sn giOn: l< cI( c? 1 t)<n) p)]n v< c)m c]n v}, cI( chng 5| 5= ng)EaZ
*I( p)Xc )8p: l< loHi cI( c? 2 t)<n) p)]n c)ln)$p): nki vDi n)a( bong 1 t6 gri l< 5Hi t6 W(an
)RZ
%%
hat v which lm ch; ng/ c;a cSu :h
-? 5Xng 5]( cI( p):M t)a, t)B c)o "an) t6 bet 54ng v}t 5Xng tr3Dc n? v< l<m c)= ng> c=a cI(
p):Z 1o 5? n? A)Tng t)U n<o bJ 5i 538cZ
#e bo(g)t t)e stereo t) at )a" been a"vertise" at a re"(ce" priceZ
(' hat v which lm tSn ng/ c;a cSu :h
-? t)a, t)B c)o "an) t6 bet 54ng v}t 5Xng tr3Dc n?M mQ 5]( cI( p): n)3ng l<m tIn ng>Z
1o 5? n? c? t)U bJ 5i 538cZ
deorge is going to b(, t)e )o(se (t)at) .e )ave been t)inAing of b(,ing
-g37i ta "2ng t)at c)X A)Tng "2ng which A)i:
vXng tr3Dc n? l< m4t tln) t6 so sGn) b}c n)et + "an) t6
a)at is t)e best novel t)at )as been .ritten b, t)is a(t)orZ
C)i 5ong tr3Dc n? l< m4t sk cGc 5Hi t6 p)iBm c)m n)3 allM #&meM anUM anUthingM
everUthingM
muchM littleM n&thing vZvZZ
|x(O I .ant to see all that )e possessesZ
|x)O [ll t)e apples t) at fall are eaten b, pigZ
)' uh& lm ch; ng/ c;a cSu :h
-? t)a, t)B c)o "an) t6 c)m ng37i )onc 54ng v}t Q tr3Dc n?M l<m c)= ng> c=a cI( p):Z 1o
5? n? A)Tng t)U bJ 5i 538cZ
a)e man (.)o) is in t)is room is angr,Z
,' uh&m lm tSn ng/ c;a cSu :h
-? t)a, t)B c)o "an) t6 c)m ng37i )onc 54ng v}t ( 54ng v}t n(Ti trong n)< 538c coi l<
c? tln) cGc) )onc trong tr37ng )8p m(kn n)In cGc) )oG) Q tr3Dc n? v< l<m tIn ng> c=a
cI( p):M n? c? t)U bJ 5i 538cZ
a)e men (.)om) I "ont liAe are angr,Z
-B( wh&m l<m tIn ng> c=a m4t ng> 54ng t6 bao g\m ( 1er2 \ ( giYi t t)i lki viBt
c)(n n)et l<
53a giDi t6 5? lbn tr3Dc wh&mZ
a)e man to .)om ,o( )ave u(st talAe" is t)e c)airman of t)e compan,Z
a(, n)ibn nB( wh&m l< tIn ng> c=a m4t ng> 54ng t6 bao g\m ( <ng t \ ) giYi t t)i 2
giDi t6 5? vfn p)Oi 5Xng 5ong sa( 54ng t6Z
a)e man .)om ,o( are looAing for.ar" to is t)e c)airman of t)e compan,Z
C)Tng 538c "2ng wh& t)a, c)o wh&m trong vwn viBt "2 n? 538c c)ep n)}n trong vwn n?iZ
0' MXnh Q :h 2^t 2u<c v khng 2^t 2u<c'
1) +Rn) 5Y p): bKt b(4cZ
N< loHi mRn) 5Y bKt b(4c p)Oi c? mnt Q trong cI(M nB( bJ 5i cI( s met ~ ng)Ea ban 5](Z
-bn "2ng that l<m c)= ng> c)o loHi cI( n<, mnc "2 which vfn 538c c)ep n)}n
*I( p): t)37ng 5Xng jen v<o gi>a cI( c)ln) )onc nki liYn vDi cI( c)ln) v< A)Tng tGc) r7i
A)Ji n? bQi bet cX "e( p)O, n<oZ
#ee " s t) at float to t)e s(rface s)o(l" be remove" before t)e, "eca,Z
2) +Rn) 5Y p): A)Tng bKt b(4c
N< loHi mRn) 5Y mang t)Tng tin p): trong cI(M nB( bJ n? 5i cI( A)Tng met ng)Ea ban 5](Z
C)Tng 538c "2ng that l<m c)= ng> m< p) O i "2 n g whic h M c ) o "2 which c? l< tIn n g >
c=a mRn) 5Y
p): chng A)Tng 538c p)yp b J n? 5 iZ
%0
*I( p): t)37ng 5Xng c)en v<o gi>a cI( c)ln) v< bKt b(4c p)Oi tGc) A)Ji cI( c)ln) bong 2
"e( p),Z
|x(O +, carM .)ic) is ver, largeM (ses too m(c) gasolineZ
%%
|x)O a)is r(mM .)ic) I bo(g)t in t)e Virgin Islan"sM is ver, smoot)Z
3' _m iuan trfng c;a viXc #$ %ng %Gu :h~U Di vYi mXnh Q :h
Q n)>ng mRn) 5Y p): bKt b(4cM A)i A)Tng "2ng "e( p), tXc l< c? sV giDi )Hn c=a mRn)
5Y p): 5ki vDi "an) t6 5ong tr3Dc (trong tiBng ViRt: chc ce)
a)e travelers .)o Ane. abo(t t)e floo" tooA
anot)er roa"Z (*)m c? cGc l> A)Gc) n<o
m<ZZZ)
a)e .ine t)at .as store" in t)e cellar .as r(ine"Z
(*)m c? r38( vang 5U "3Di )]m mDi bPZZZ)
vki vDi n)>ng mRn) 5Y p): A)Tng bKt b(4cM A)i c? "e( p), ngwn cGc) t)i n? A)Tng jGc
5Pn) )onc giDi )Hn "an) t6 5Xng tr3Dc n?Z (trong tiBng ViRt: tGt cTJZ
a)e travelersM .)o Ane. abo(t t)e floo"M tooA
anot)er roa"Z (aet cO l> A)Gc)ZZZ)
a)e .ineM .)ic) .as store" in t)e cellarM .as r(ine"Z
(aet cO r38(
vangZZZ)
-ote: *Gc ng(,bn tKc trbn 5I, c)m "2ng trong vwn viBtM A)Tng "2ng trong vwn n?iZ Ni ng> p)Gp
c=a at`'N
A)Tng tln) 5Bn mRn) 5Y p): bKt b(4c n)3ng s tr6 5iUm nB( p)Hm p)Oi li mRn) 5Y p): A)Tng
bKt b(4cZ
5' "ch #$ %ng tll* W&th* -&me* -everal* M&#t* 6ew \ + \ uh&ma uhich
a(,Rt 5ki A)Tng 538c "2ng 5Hi t6 n)In j3ng tIn ng>: themM u# trong tr37ng )8p n<,Z
|x(O a)eir sonsM bot) of .)om (A)Tng 538c n?i bot) of t)em) are .orAing abroa"M ring )er
(p ever, .eeAZ
|x)O a)e b(ses M most of .)ic) .ere f(ll of passengersM began to p(ll o(tZ
uhat ] the thinga the thing# that c? t)U l<m tIn ng> c)o mRn) 5Y p): c2ng lgc l<m
c)= ng> c)o mRn) 5Y c)ln)$ )onc l<m c)= ng> c=a cO 2 mRn) 5Y c)ln)M p):Z
|x(O # ) at .e )ave ejpecte" is t)e res(lt of t)e testZ
|x)O # ) at )appene" to )im ,ester"a, mig)t )appen to (s tomorro.Z
7' uh&#e ] c;a ng=>i m* c;a c&n m'
-? t)a, t)B c)o "an) t6 c)m ng37i )onc 54ngv}t Q tr3Dc n? v< c)m sV sQ )>( c=a ng37i )onc
54ng v}t
5? 5ki vDi "an) t6 5i
sa(Z
_amesM .)ose fat)er is t)e presi"ent of t)e compan,M )as receive" a promotionZ
arong lki vwn viBt trang trrng nbn "2ng &+ which 5U t)a, t)B c)o "an) t6 bet 54ng
v}t mnc "2
wh&#e vfn 538c c)ep
n)}nZ
Savings acco(ntM of .)ic) ({ .)ose) interest rate is W(ite )ig)tM is ver, common no.Z
Honc "2ng with \ n&una n&un :hra#e t)a, c)o wh&#e
a)e )o(se .)ose .alls .ere ma"e of glass { a)e )o(se .it) t)e glass .allsZ
8' "ch l&Bi 2@ mXnh Q :h
vki vDi n)>ng mRn) 5Y p): bKt b(4c ng37i ta c? t)U loHi bJ 5Hi t6 W(an )R v< 54ng t6 t& 2e
(c2ng vDi cGc tr8 54ng t6 c=a n?) trong m4t sk tr37ng )8p sa(:
ar3Dc m4t mRn) 5Y p): m< ce( trgc 54ng t6 Q t)7i bP 54ngZ
a)is is t)e val(e (.)ic) .as) obtaine" from t)e table areas (n"er t)e normal c(rveZ
ar3Dc m4t mRn) 5Y p): m< sa( n? l< m4t ng> giDi t6Z
a)e beaAer (t)at is ) on t)e co(nter contains a sol(tionZ
ar3Dc m4t ce( trgc 54ng t6 Q t)U tiBp "iznZ
a)e girl (.)o is) r(nning "o.n t)e street mig)t be in tro(bleZ
%0
-go 5Xng tr3Dc n? v< mRn) 5Y p): e, "izn 5Ht W(i l(}t )onc sV AiRn "izn 5Ht t)eo
t]n skM ng37i ta c? t)U bJ 5Hi t6 W(an )R v< 54ng t6 c)ln) t)a, v<o 5? bong m4t 1er2LingZ
a)e travelers taAing ({ .)o taAe) t)is b(s on a "ail, basis b(, t)eir ticAet in booAingZ
%@
arong n)>ng mRn) 5Y p): A)Tng bKt b(4c ng37i ta chng c? t)U loHi bJ 5Hi t6 W(an )R v<
54ng t6 t& 2e A)i n? 5Xng tr3Dc m4t ng> "an) t6Z a(, n)ibn p)]n ng> "an) t6 c;n lHi vfn
p)Oi 5Xng gi>a 2 "e( p),Z
+r _acAsonM (.)o is) a professorM is traveling in t)e +i"east t)is ,earZ
NoHi bJ 5Hi t6 W(an )R v< 54ng t6 c)ln)M t)a, v<o 5? bong 1 1er2Ling A)i mRn) 5Y p):
n<, 5i bL
ng)Ea c)o m4t tIn ng> (lki viBt n<, ret p)L biBn)Z
a)e presi"ent ma"e a speec) for t)e famo(s man visiting (.)o visite") )imZ
%@
"ch #$ %ng 4
(
tr&ng m<t #D tr=>ng h9:
(' [Png vYi m<t #D cc cGu trCc <ng t'
mave # 2 a#th \ %&ing ] cau#eO l<m c )o '
He )a" (s la(g)ing all t)ro(g) t)e mealZ
- \ w&nt have #2 \ %&ing ] - \ w&nt all&w #2 t& %& #thO A)Tng c)o p)yp ai l<m gi
I .ont )ave )im telling me .)at to "oZ
*Gc c:m )iRn tHi p)In t6: a%%ing* :&inting &ut* remin%ing* warning* rea#&ning that
5Y( c? t)U
mQ 5]( c)o m4t mRn) 5Y p): giGn tiBpZ
|x(O He tol" me to start earl,M remin"ing me t)at t)e roa" .o(l" be cro."e"Z
|x)O c e a s on ing t)at )e co(l" onl, get to t)e laAeM .e follo.e" t)at .a,Z
& catch #2 %&ing #thO b K t g n p ai 5a n g H )<n) 5 4 ng c=a tIn ng> l<m p) } t l;ng c)= ng>)Z
If s)e catc)es ,o( rea"ing )er "iar,Ms)e .ill be f(rio(sZ
& n% # 2 a#th %&ing #thO a ) e , a i$ cGi gi 5ang
I fo(n" )im stan"ing at t)e "oor.a,
He fo(n" a t r ee l,ing across t)e roa"Z
& leave #2 %&ing #thO vU ai l<m gi
I left &ob talAing to t)e "irector after t)e intro"(ctionZ
G&ac&me %&ing #th H "2ng c)o t ) U t ) ao v< m ( a s K m)
do sAiing$ go s.imming$ go s)opping$ come "ancing
& #:en% t ime %&ing # t hO & J t ) 7i gian l<m gi
He (s(all, spen"s m(c) time preparing )is lessonsZ
& wa#te t ime %&ingO ) ao p )l t ) 7i g ian l<m gi
S)e .aste" all t)e afternoon )aving small talAs .it) )er frien"sZ
& have a har% timeat r &u 2 le %&ing #thO d n p A ) ? A) w n A)i l<m gi
He )as tro(ble listening to `nglis)Z I )a" a )ar" time "oing m, )ome.orAZ
& 2e w&rth %&ing #thO 5Gng 5U l<m gi
a)is prouect is .ort) spen"ing time an" mone, onZ
& 2 e 2 u#U %&ing #&methingO b } n l<m gi
Ex: S)e is b(s, pacAing no.Z
We n&a n&t mucha anUa #&me g&&% %&ing #mtO C)Tng c? lc)M lt A)i c? lc) (l<m gi)
Its no goo" m, talAing to )im: -?i c)(,Rn vDi an) ta tTi c)O
t)e, c? lc) giZ #)at goo" is it asAing )er: HJi cT ta t)i c? lc) gi
cs c)X
)' 4
(
=9c #$ %ng N rCt ng^n nh/ng cSu %i
Hai )<n) 54ng jO, ra song song c2ng m4t lgc: )<n) 54ng t)X )ai Q "Hng 1LingM )ai )<n)
54ng A)Tng tGc) r7i A)Ji n)a( bQi bet Ai "e( p)O, n<oZ
He "rives a.a, an" .)istles { He "riv e s a.a, .) is tl in gZ
C)i )<n) 54ng t)X )ai )onc cGc )<n) 54ng tiBp sa( t)eo n? l< m4t p)]n trong W(G trin)
"izn biBn c=a )<n) 54ng t)X n)et t)i )<n) 54ng t)X )ai )onc cGc )<n) 54ng tiBp t)eo sa(
n? Q "Hng 1LingZ di>a )ai
)<n) 54ng c? ngwn cGc) n)a( bQi "e( p),Z
S)e .ent o(t an" slamme" t)e "oor - s)e .ent o(tM slamming t)e "oorZ
C)i )<n) 54ng t)X 2 )onc cGc )<n) 54ng sa( n? l< ABt W(O c=a )<n) 54ng t)X n)et t)i )<n)
54ng t)X 2 v< cGc )<n) 54ng tiBp t)eo s Q "Hng 1Ling' -? s ngwn cGc) vDi )<n) 54ng
c)ln) bong m4t "e( p),Z
He qre" t.o s)otsM Aillling a robber an" .o(n"ing t)e ot)erZ
0S
H<n) 54ng t)X 2 A)Tng c]n c)(ng c)= ng> vDi )<n) 54ng t)X n)et m< c)m c]n l< ABt W(O
chng 5| c? t)U Q "Hng 1Ling'
a)e plane cras)e"M its bombs ejplo"ing .)en it )it t)e gro(n"Z
01
"ch #$ %ng nguUVn mu h&n
thnh
H& have \
4
)
J
uh&ul% H#h&ul%J like \ t& have \ 4
)
O [ikn Bt m<t =Yc muDn khng thnh'
He .o(l" liAe to )ave seen t)e p)otos { He .o(l" )ave liAe" to see t)e p)otos
(&(t )e co(l"nt)Z
12ng vDi m4t sk 54ng t6: t& a::ear
t&
#eem
t&
ha::en
t&
:reten%
-bn n)D rong )<n) 54ng c=a ng(,bn mf( )o<n t)<n) jO, ra tr3Dc )<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y
c)ln)Z
He seems to )ave passe" t)e ejam - It seems t)at )e )as passe" t)e ejamZ
S)e preten" e " to )ave rea" t)e material - S)e pre ten"e" t)at s)e )a" rea" t)e materialZ
12ng vDi #&rrU* t& 2e #&rrU \ t& have \ 4
)
O H<n) 54ng c=a ng(,bn mf( )o<n t)<n)
jO, ra tr3Dc trHng t)Gi #&rrU'
a)e girls . e r e sorr, to ) a ve mi s s e" t)e cocA *oncert - t)e girls .ere sorr, t)at t)e, ) a"
mi ss e" t)e cocA
*oncertZ
12ng vDi m4t sk cGc 54ng t6 sa( 5I, Q t)U bP 54ng: t& ack&wle%ge' 2elieve* c&n#i%er*
n%* kn&w* re:&rt* #aU* #u::&#e* think* un%er#tan%' H<n) 54ng c=a ng(,bn mf(
)o<n t)<n) jO, ra tr3Dc )<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln)Z
He .as belie v e" to )a v e gone o(t of t)e co(ntr, - It .as bel ieve" t)at )e )a" gone o(t of
t)e co(ntr,Z
12ng vDi m4t sk cGc 54ng t6 A)Gc n)3 t& claim* ex:ect* h&:e* :r&mi#e' vnc biRt l3( ~
rong )<n)
54ng c=a ng(,bn mf( )o<n t)<n) s Q +uture :er+ect so vDi t)7i c=a 54ng t6 Q
mRn) 5Y c)ln)Z
He ejpects to )ave gra"(ate" b, _(ne - He ejpects t)at )e .ill )ave gra"(ate" b, _(neZ
He prom is e" to )a v e tol" me t)e secret b, t)e en" of t)is .eeA - He promis e " t)at )e
.o(l" )ave tol" me t)e secret b, t)e en" of t)is .eeAZ
02
Fh/ng cch #$ %ng khc c;a that
(' hat %Png vYi t= cch l m<t liVn t HryngJ
vong sa( 54ng t6 #aU* tell* think* 2elieve t)i that c? t)U bJ 5i 538cZ
_o)n sai" (t)at) )e .as leaving nejt .eeAZ
vong sa( 54ng t6 menti&n* %eclare* re:&rt* #tate t)i that bKt b(4c p)Oi c? mntZ
deorge mentione" t)at )e .as going to 'rance nejt ,earZ
hat vfn bKt b(4c p)Oi "2ng Q mRn) 5Y t)X 2 trong cI( sa( "e( p), nB( vfn c2ng c)(ng
m4t mRn)
5Y 5ong sa( 54ng t6 trbnZ
a)e +auor " e clare" t) at or _(ne t)e qrst )e .o(l" anno(nce t)e res(lt of t)e searc) an"
t)at )e .o(l" never over looA t)e crime p(nis)mentZ
)' MXnh Q that
N< loHi mRn) 5Y c? )ai t)<n) p)]n v< bKt b(4c p)Oi c? that trong cI(Z
12ng vDi c)= ng> giO it v< tln) t6Z
jt \ t& 2e \ a%n \ hat \ - \ 1 ] hat \ - \ 1 ''' t& 2e
\ a%n
It is .ell Ano.n t)at man, resi"ents of t)ir" .orl" co(ntries are ",ingZ
or
a)at man, resi"ents of t)ir" .orl" co(ntries are ",ing is .ell Ano.nZ
12ng vDi 54ng t6 tHo t)<n) m4t mRn) 5Y 54c l}pZ
jt \ ver2 \ c&m:lement \ hat \ - \ 1 ] hat \ - \ 1 \ ''' \1 \
c&m:lement
It s(rprises me t)at _o)n .o(l" "o s(c) a t)ing
or
a)at _o)n .o(l" "o s(c) a t)ing s(rprises meZ
-g37i ta "2ng c)= ng> giO it trong vwn n?i 5U "z n)}n biBt v< that l<m c)= ng> t)}t trong
vwn viBtZ
arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p ng37i ta 5Oo ng> giDi t6 lbn 5]( cI(M 54ng t6 nki )onc 54ng t6
tEn) 5Oo lbn trbn aH[a v< sa( 5? mDi l< c)= ng> t)}tZ *Tng t)Xc s9 ":ng n)3 sa(:
4re:&#iti&nal :hra#e \ link ver2a#tative ver2LmtL#entence a#
real #u2nect* an% mtL
#entence a# real #u2nect'
Ex: [mong t)e s(rprising "iscoveries .ere aH[a aZrej .as a far sleeAer b(t more po.erf(l
carnivore t)an previo(sl, t)o(g)tM per)aps .eig)ing less t)an !Z5 tons more t)an a
b(ll elep)antM an" aH[a aZrej )abitat .as forestM not s.amp or plain as previo(sl,
believe"Z
(+4t trong sk n)>ng p)Gt )iRn ngHc n)ibn l< Q c) lo<i A)=ng long bHo c)ga l< m4t
loHi wn t)Pt c? t)In )in) m38t m< )sn n)iY(M song chng l< lo<i "hng m|n) )sn ng37i
ta 5| t6ng ng)E tr3Dc 5I,M c? l cIn nnng c)3a 5Bn ! ten r3i-tXc l< A)Tng lDn )sn
m4t con voi 5VcM v< tong mTi tr37ng skng c=a lo<i A)=ng long n<, l< r6ng c)X A)Tng
p)Oi l< 5]m l], )a, 5\ng bong n)3 ng37i ta vfn t)37ng tinZ)
a)e fact t)at + sentence$ t)e fact remains t)at + sentence$ t)e fact of t)e matter is t)at
{ a)Vc tB
l<ZZZ$SV t)Vc l<ZZZ
Ex: a)e fact t)at Simon )a" not been )ome for 3 "a,s "i"nt seem to .orr, an,bo",Z
03
"Su giT
nh
N< loHi cI( 5ki t38ng t)X n)et m(kn 5ki t38ng t)X )ai l<m m4t viRc gi n)3ng l<m )a,
A)Tng c;n p):
t)(4c v<o ng37i t)X )aiZ
arong cI( bKt b(4c p)Oi c? t)at tr6 m4t sk tr37ng )8pZ
(' [Png vYi w&ul% rather that
-g> p)Gp )iRn 5Hi ng<, na, 5nc biRt l< ng> p)Gp + c)o p)yp "2ng w&ul% rather m<
A)Tng c]n "2ng
that trong loHi cI( n<,Z
#e .o(l" rat)er (t)at) )e not taAe t)is trainZ
)' [Png vYi <ng t'
WTng (a(8,Z N< n)>ng 54ng t6 5;i )Ji mRn) 5Y 5ong sa( n? p)Oi Q "Hng giO 5Pn) v<
trong cI( bKt b(4c p)Oi c? that nB( n? "izn 5Ht ~ trbnZ
a"vise "eman" prefer reW(ire
asA insist propose stip(late
comman" move recommen" s(ggest
"ecree or"er reW(est (rge
v4ng t6 sa( c)= ng> 2 Q " H ng ng(,bn t) U A)Tng c) ia b J t&Z
-B( m(kn t)<n) l}p t)U p)= 5Pn) 5nt n&t sa( c)= ng> 2 tr3Dc ng(,bn t)U bJ t&Z
a)e "octor s(ggeste" t)at )is patient stop smoAingZ
-B( bJ that 5i t)i c)= ng> 2 s trQ vY "Hng tIn ng> v< 54ng t6 sa( n? trQ vY "Hng ng(,bn
t)U c? t&M cI( met tln) c)et giO 5Pn)Z arQ t)<n) m4t "Hng mRn) lRn) t)Xc giGn tiBpZ
arong ng> p)Gp [n)-[n) 5ong tr3Dc 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y 2 t)37ng c? #h&ul%M ng37i [n) c)m
bJ #h&ul%
A)i n? l< 54ng t6 t& 2e n)3ng ng> p)Gp [n)-+ A)Tng "2ng #h&ul% c)o to<n b4 54ng t6
5ong sa(Z
,' [Png vYi tEnh t'
WTng (a(80 l< m4t sk cGc tln) t6 5;i )Ji mRn) 5Y sa( n? p)Oi Q "Hng giO 5Pn)M trong
cI( bKt b(4c p)Oi c? t)at v< 54ng t6 sa( c)= ng> 2 Q "Hng ng(,bn t)U bJ t&Z
a"vise" necessar, recommen"e" (rgent
important obligator, reW(ire" imperative
man"ator, propose" s(ggeste"
N3( ~ rong trong bOng n<, c? m4t sk tln) t6 l< p)In t6 2 ce( tHo t6 cGc 54ng t6 Q bOng
(a(8,Z
-B( m(kn ce( tHo p)= 5Pn) 5nt n&t sa( c)= ng> 2 tr3Dc ng(,bn t)U bJ t&Z
jt \ 2e \ a%n \ that \ - \ ver2 in #im:le +&rm
|x(O It is necessar, t)at )e qn" t)e booAsZ
|x)O It )as b een proprose" t)at .e c ) ange t)e topicZ
-B( bJ that 5i t)i c)= ng> 2 s biBn t)<n) tIn ng> sa( giDi t6 +&rM 54ng t6 trQ vY "Hng
ng(,bn t)U c?
t& v< cI( met tln) c)et giO 5Pn) trQ t)<n) "Hng mRn) lRn) t)Xc giGn tiBpZ
b=u {O
*I( giO 5Pn) "2ng vDi 2 loHi trbn t)37ng 538c "2ng trong cGc vwn bOn )onc t)3 giao "Pc) "izn
5Ht l7i 5Y
ng)P t6 p)la [ - & m< A)Tng c? tln) bKt b(4cZ
0
C)Tng c)m c? 54ng t6 v< tln) t6 mDi 538c "2ng t)eo "Hng n<,M tet cO cGc "an) t6 j(et
p)Gt t6 n)>ng 54ng t6 v< tln) t6 trbn 5Y( b(4c mRn) 5Y sa( n? p)Oi Q "Hng giO 5Pn)M nB(
n)3 n? "izn 5Ht cGc ,B( tk trbnZ
a)ere is s(g g est ion from t)e "octor t)at t)e patient stop smoAingZ
It is recom m en"ation t)at t)e ve)icle o.ner be present at t)e co(rt
05
0' "Su giT nh %Png vYi m<t #D tr=>ng h9: khc
-? "2ng 5U "izn 5Ht m4t 3Dc m(kn )onc m4t l7i ng(,Yn r=a t)37ng bao )<m cGc t)B lVc
sib( n)ibnZ
do" be .it) ,o( { doo"
b,eZ
*(rse t)is toa": *)Bt tiRt cGi con
c?c n<,Z
12ng vDi 54ng t6 MaU trong m4t sk tr37ng )8p 5nc biRt sa(:
"&me what maU ] 12 t)B n<o c)wng n>aM "2 bet cX tr(,Rn giZ
*ome .)at ma, .e .ill stan" b, ,o(Z
+a, as .ell not "o st) ZZZZ if ZZZZ { *? t)U 56ngZZZZZ nB( A)TngZ
o( ma, as .ell not co m e if ,o( cant be on time: *Gc an) c? t)U 56ng 5Bn nB( A)Tng
5Bn 538c 5gng gi7Z
MaUaMight Hnu#tJ a# well %& #mt ] *)ng met gi m< lHi A)TngM met gi c=a brZ
Since nobo", .ants t)at uobM .e mig)t (u(st) as .e ll let )im )ave it: Vi A)Tng ai t)lc)
viRc n<,M min) c)ng met gi m< lHi A)Tng c)o )Kn ta l<m n?
MaU "izn 5Ht m4t giO 5Pn) trong l7i 5Y ng)P m< ng37i n?i c)o rong c)3a c)Kc n? 5|
538c t)Vc )iRn:
Ex: a)e sign on t)e la.n sa,s clearl, t)at people ma, not .alA on
t)e grassZ (A)Tng "2ng #h&ul% trong tr37ng )8p n<,)Z
linkver2 \
a%n
MaU \ - \ ] *]( c)gc c)oZ
ver2 \
c&m:lement
+a, ,o( bot) ver, )app,: *)gc cGc bHn bGc) nibn giai l|oZ
+a, t)e conference be s(ccessf(l: *)gc )4i ng)P t)<n)
cTng rVc rZ
Ex: Nong ma, s)e live to enuo, )er goo" fort(ne: *]( c)gc c)o n<ng skng lI( )3Qng trrn
vxn v}n ma, c=a n<ngZ
If nee" be { If necessar, { -B( c]n
If nee" beM .e can taAe anot)er roa"Z
12ng vDi 54ng t6 t& 2eM bJ t& sa( i+ 5U c)m m4t sV giO 5Pn) c)3a 538c p)In 5Pn) r
r<ng l< 5gng )a, saiZ
If t)at be rig)tM t)en it .o(l" be no "efence for t)is man to sa, )es innocentZ
If t)at be error an" (pon me prove": -B( 5? W(O l< li v< cX n)et 5Pn) gGn c)o tTiZ
bet it 2 e meO diO s9 5? l< tTiM giG p)Oi ta, tTiZ
H(sban": Net it be meZ
#ife (s(""enl, appearing) : If t)at be ,o(M .)at .o(l"
,o( "oZ
We that a# it maU''' { whether that i# true &r n&t''' { *)o "2 l< p)Oi t)B )a, A)TngZ
Ex: &e t)at as it ma,M ,o( )ave to accept itZ
a)en so be it: *X p)Oi v}, t)TiZ
Ex: If .e )ave to pa, 2MSSSM t)en so be it (t)i cX p)Oi trO t)Ti)
3' "Su giT nh %Png vYi it \ t& 2e \ time
jt# time H+&r # 2 J t& %& #mtO 5| 5Bn lgc ai p)Oi l<m gi (a)7i gian v6a vnn A)Tng mang tln)
giO 5Pn))Z
Its time for me to get to t)e airport: v| 5Bn lgc tTi p)Oi ra sIn ba,Z
time
jt# hightime \ - \ #im:le :a#t ] 5| 5Bn lgc m< (t)7i gian 5| trz mang tln)
giO 5Pn))
a2&ut
time
Its time I got to t)e airport
Its )ig)time t)e cit, government "i" smt to stop t)e trac uamZ
05
bDi nei 2a&
hm
v? l< lki n?i g4p )ai ~ trong cI( l< m4t t)Tng W(a m4t sk cGc t)<n) ng>Z
(' F&t &nlU ''''' 2ut al#&
*Gc t)Vc t)U Q 5ong sa( )ai t)<n) ng> n<, p)Oi t3sng 53sng vDi n)a( vY mnt ng> p)Gp (F
L F* a%n L a%n)Z
- \ 1er2 \ n&t &nlU
\
n&un
a%nectiv
e
a%ver2
:re:&#iti&nal
:hra#e
\ 2ut al#&
\
n&un
a%nectiv
e
a%ver2
:re:&#iti&nal :hra#e
R
-u2nect \ n&t &nlU \ ver2 \ 2ut al#& \ ver2
cobert is not onl, talente" b(t also
)an"someZ He .rites not onl, correctl,
b(t also neatl,Z
a)<n) p)]n sa( 2ut al#& t)37ng W(,Bt 5Pn) t)<n) p)]n sa( n&t &nlU'
jnc&rrectO He is not onl, famo(s in Ital, b(t also in S.iterlan"Z
"&rrectO He is famo ( s not onl, in Ital, b(t a lso in S.iterlan"Z
)' t# well a#O "Kng nh=
*Gc t)<n) p)]n 5ong tr3Dc v< 5ong sa( t)<n) ng> n<, p)Oi t3sng 53sng vDi n)a( vY mnt
ng> p)GpZ
- \ 1er2
\
n&un
a%nectiv
e
a%ver2
:re:&#iti&nal
:hra#e
\ a# well
a#
\
n&un
a%nectiv
e
a%ver2
:re:&#iti&nal :hra#e
R
-u2nect \ ver2 \ a# well a# \ ver2
cobert is talente" as .ell as
)an"someZ He .rites correctl, as
.ell as neatl,Z
Pa(l pla,s t)e piano as .e ll as com p os e s m(sicZ
C)Tng 538c n)]m t)<n) ng> n<, vDi a# well a# c=a )iRn t38ng 5\ng c)= ng> mang ng)Ea
c2ng vDiZ
a)e t e ac)e rM as .ell as )er st("entsM is going to
t)e concertZ +, co ( s in sM as .ell as aimM )ave a
test tomorro.Z
,' W&th ''''' an%
*Tng t)Xc "2ng gikng )Rt n)3 F&t &nlU '''' 2ut al#&'
W&th c)m 538c "2ng vDi an%* A)Tng 538c "2ng vDi a# well a#'
cobert is bot) talente" an" )an"someZ
0!
Pa(l bot) pla,s t)e piano an" comp o s e s m(sicZ
"ch #$ %ng t& kn&w* t& kn&w h&w'
- \ kn&w h&w \ ver2 in innitive
&r
- \ kn&w \
F&un
4re:&#iti&nal :hra#e
-entence
&ill Ano. )o. to pla, tennis .ellZ
_ason A n e. t)e ans.er to t)e teac)ers
W(estionZ I "i"nt Ano. t)at ,o( .ere
going to 'ranceZ
vong sa( t& kn&w h&w chng c? t)U "2ng m4t cI( 5U "izn 5Ht A)O nwng )onc sV bKt b(4cZ
[t a glanceM s)e Ane. )o. s)e co(l" solve t)is mat) problemZ
MXnh Q nh=9ng 2<
v? l< loHi mRn) 5Y "izn 5Ht )ai ~ trGi ng38c trong c2ng m4t cI(Z
(' [e#:iteajn#:ite &+ ] 2Gt chG:
vong sa( )ai t)<n) ng> n<, p)Oi "2ng m4t ng> "an) t6M A)Tng 538c "2ng m4t cI( )o<n
c)mn)Z
1espite )is p),sical )an"icapM )e )as become a s(ccessf(l
b(sinessmanZ _ane .ill be a"mitte" to t)e (niversit, in spite
of )er ba" gra"esZ
)' tlth&ugha|ven th&ughah&ugh ] MIc %_u
vong sa( 3 t)<n) ng> n<, p)Oi "2ng m4t cI( )o<n c)mn)M A)Tng 538c "2ng m4t ng> "an) t6Z
[lt)o(g) )e )as a p),sical )an"icapM )e )as become a s(ccessf(l b(sinessmanZ
a(, n)ibn nB( th&ugh 5Xng c(ki cI( tGc) biRt A)Ji cI( c)ln) bQi "e( p),Z C)i n?i )si
"6ng lHi m4t c)gtM lgc 5? n? mang ng)Ea tuU nhiVn H ] m&w e ver JZ
He promise" to call meM till no. I )avent receive" an, call from )imM t)o(g )Z
,' m&wever \ a%n \ - \ linkver2 ] %P ce '''' i chqng n/a th` ''''
Ho.ever strong ,o( ar eM ,o( cant move t)is rocAZ
0' tlth&ugha tl2eit Hm&re +&rmalJ \ t%nectivea t%ver2a tver2ial M&%ier
Her appointment .as a signiqcantM alt)o(g)t$ albeit temporar, s(ccessZ (ViRc b< e, 538c
bL n)iRm l< m4t t)<n) cTng W(an trrng 5e,M n)3ng "f( sao chng c)m l< n)et t)7i)
Her performe" t)e tasA .ellM alt)o(g)t$ albeit slo.l, ([n) ta t)Vc )iRn n)iRm v: 5? tkt 5e,M
t(, rong c)}m)Z
Fh/ng <ng t %k gSU nh_m ln
-)>ng 54ng t6 Q bOng sa( ret "z gI, n)]m lfn vY mnt ng> ng)EaM c)ln) tO )onc p)Gt ImZ
-4i 54ng
t6 ris
e
lie
ros
e
la,
rise
n
lain
rising
l,ing
sittin
-goHi 54ng
t6 rais
e
la,
raise
" lai"
set
raise
" lai"
set
raisin
g
la,ing
& ri#e O [Sng lVn'
a)e s(n ris e s earl, in t)e s(mmerZ
& rai#e #mta#2O FSng ai* ci g` lVn'
a)e st("ents raise t)eir )an"s in classZ
& lieO Fym* .* tBi'
& lie inO . tBi
& lie %&wnO nym
xuDng' & lie &nO nym
trVn'
a)e (niversit, lies in t)e .estern section
of to.nZ 1ont "ist(rb +ar,M s)e )as lai"
"o.n for a restZ
N3( ~: *]n p)In biRt 54ng t6 n<, vDi 54ng t6 t& lie (n?i "ki) trong mf( cI( t& lie t& #2
a2&ut #mt Hn?i "ki ai vY cGi gi):
Ex: He is l,ing to ,o( abo(t t)e testZ
& laUO It* N
& laU &nO It trVn
& laU inO It v&
& laU %&wnO It xuDng'
1ont la, ,o(r clot)es on t)e be"Z
N3( ~ 1: a)7i )iRn tHi c=a 54ng t6 n<, ret "z ngI, n)]m lfn vDi W(G A)X 5sn giOn c=a 54ng t6
t& lieZ *]n p)Oi p)In biRt bong ng> cOn) c: t)UZ
& #it
& #it inO ngi tBi* ngi tr&ng'
& #it &nO ngi trVn Hx ngi #nJ'
& #et ] t& :ut* t& laUO It* N'
b=u {O P)Gt Im )iRn tHi 5sn giOn c=a 54ng t6 n<, ret "z lfn vDi -im:le :a#t c=a to #itZ
M <t # D cc thnh n g / %Png vYi <ng t trVnO
t& #et the ta2le +&rO 2_U 2n N'
+, mot)er )as set t)e table for t)e famil, "innerZ
t& laU & Hw&rker#' em:l&Uee#JO ch& thi viXc* gixn th9'
a)e compan, )a" to la, off t.ent,-qve emplo,ees beca(se of a pro"(ction slo."o.nZ
t& #et H2r&ken 2&neJ inO 2e nh/ng ci x=vng gU v&'
1rZ_acobs )as set man, broAen bones in plaster castsZ
t& #et &ne# alarm +&rO RIt ng h 2& th?c v& lCc'
_o)n set )is alarm for sij oclocAZ
t& #et re t&O lm chU
#)ile pla,ing .it) matc)esM t)e c)il"ren set qre to t)e sofaZ
t& rai#e Hanimal#* :lant#J +&r a livingO trng ci g`* nui c&n g` 2n N lGU tiQn'
0@
a)at farmer r aises c)icAe n s for a livin gZ
M<t #D cc <ng t Ic 2iXt
khc
@S
v? l< n)>ng 54ng t6 gikng )Rt n)a( vY mnt )in) t)Xc n)3ng A)Gc n)a( vY mnt ng> ng)Ea nB(
Q trong cGc mf( cI( A)Gc n)a(Z
agree t& %& #mtO ng { lm g`
He agree" to leave earl, tomorro. morningZ
agree t& &ne# %&ing #mtO ng { vYi viXc ai lm g`'
He agree" to m, leaving earl, tomorro. morningZ
Mean t& %& #mtO nh lm g`'
I mean to get to t)e top of t)e )ill before s(nriseZ
j+ it \ mean \ ver2LingO ch& %P cT viXc* 2a& hm cT viXc'
+, neig)bo(r .as "etermine" to get a ticAet for Sat(r"a,s game if it meant stan"ing in line
all nig)tZ
4r&:&#e t& %& #mtO ce { nh lm g`'
I propose to start tomorro.Z
4r&:&#e %&ing #mtO RQ ngh lm g`
I propose .aiting till t)e police cameZ
G& &n %&ing #mta#mtO tiZ: tc lm g`* ci g` Hm<t viXc ang 2 2@ %.J
He .ent on .riting after a breaA
G& &n t& %& #mtO QuaU #ang tiZ: tc lm g` Hvn vQ cPng m<t vGn Q nh=ng
chuUNn #ang khEa cBnh khcJ
He s ) o.e" t) e islan" on t)e map t)en . ent on to tell abo(t its climateZ
rU t& %& #mtO cD g^ng lm g`
He tr, to solve t)is mat) problemZ
rU %&ing #mtO h$ lm g`
Ex: I tr, sen"ing )er o.ersM .riting )er letterM giving )er presentsM b(t s)e still .o(l"nt
speaA to meZ
@1
-7 :hP h9: vQ th>i <ng t
arong m4t cI( tiBng [n) c? 2 t)<n) p)]n c? libn W(an 5Bn n)a( vY mnt t)7i gian t)i t)7i c=a
54ng t6 Q )ai t)<n) p)]n 5? p)Oi t3sng 53sng vDi n)a(Z a)7i c=a 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y c)ln) s
W(,Bt 5Pn) t)7i c=a 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y p):Z
+ain
cla(se
1epen"ent cla(se
-im:le :re#ent 4re#ent :r&gre##ive
H<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y p): jO, ra c2ng lgc vDi )<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln)
-im:le :re#ent uilla "ana MaU \ 1er2 Hh&Ic
Fear +utureJ
H<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y p): jO, ra sa( )<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln) trong m4t t3sng
lai A)Tng
538c jGc 5Pn) )onc t3sng lai g]nZ -im:le :re#ent -im:le :a#t
H<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y p): jO, ra tr3Dc )<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln) trong m4t W(G
A)X 538c jGc
-im:le :re#ent 4re#ent :er+ect H:r&gre##iveJ
H<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y p): jO, ra tr3Dc )<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln) trong m4t W(G
A)X A)Tng
538c jGc 5Pn) c: t)U vY mnt t)7i gianZ -im:le :a#t 4a#t :r&gre##ivea -im:le :a#t
H<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y p): jO, ra c2ng lgc vDi )<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln) trong W(G
A)XZ -im:le :a#t u&ul%a "&ul%a Might \ 1er2
H<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y p): jO, ra sa( )<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln) trong m4t t3sng
lai trong W(G A)XZ
-im:le :a#t 4a#t :er+ect
H<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y p): jO, ra tr3Dc )<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln)M l2i sI( vY trong
W(G A)XZ
b=u {O -)>ng ng(,bn tKc trbn 5I, c)m 538c Gp ":ng A)i cGc mRn) 5Y trong cI( c? libn )R vDi
n)a( vY mnt t)7i gian n)3ng nB( cGc mRn) 5Y trong cI( c? t)7i gian ribng biRt t)i 54ng t6 p)Oi
t(In t)eo t)7i gian c=a c)ln) mRn) 5Y 5?Z
He promise" to tell meM till no. I )aven t receive" an, call from
)imM t)o(g)Z
"ch #$ %ng t& #aU* t&
tell
@2
-B( sa( c)= ng> A)Tng c? m4t tIn ng> n<o m< 5Bn libn t6 that nga, t)i p)Oi "2ng t& #aUZ
S + #aU + (t)at) + S +
V
-)3ng nB( sa( c)= ng> c? m4t tIn ng> giGn tiBp r\i mDi 5Bn libn t6 that t)i p)Oi "2ng t&
tell'
S + tell + in"irect obuect + (t)at) + S +V
He sa,s t)at )e .ill be b(s, tomorro.$ )e tell me t ) atZZZZ
Sa( t& tell vfn c? t)U c? m4t sk tIn ng> trVc tiBp "2 bet Ai )o<n cOn) n<oZ
aell
a
stor,
auoAe
asecre
t a lie
t)e tr(t)
(t)e) time
a)e little bo, .as p(nis)e" beca(se )e tol" )is mot)er a li eZ
RBi t nhSn x=ng "&ne" v "U&u"
*O )ai 5Hi t6 n<, 5Y( mang ng)Ea ng37i taM t(, n)ibn ng> p)Gp s9 ":ng c? A)Gc n)a(Z
-B( Q trbn 5| s9 ":ng 5Hi t6 &ne t)i cGc 5Hi t6 t3sng Xng tiBp t)eo Q mRn) 5Y "3Di
p)Oi l< &ne* &ne#* he* hi#Z
If one taAes t)is ejam .it)o(t st(",ingM one is liAel, to failZ
If one taAes t)is ejam .it)o(t st(",ingM )e is
liAel, to failZ tne s)o(l" al.a,s "o o n es
)ome.orAZ
tne s)o(l" al.a,s "o )is )ome.orAZ
N3( ~ m4t sk ng37i "o cn t)}n m(kn trGn) p)In biRt nam$ n> 5| "2ng he &r #he* hi# &r
her n)3ng 5iY( 5? l< A)Tng c]n t)iBtZ *Gc 5Hi t6 5? c)m 538c s9 ":ng A)i n<o Q p)la trbn c?
n)>ng "an) t6 c)m c)(ng c)(ng n)3 the #i%e* the :artU'
a)e u("ge .ill asA t)e "efen"ant part, (c)m c)(ng c)(ng) if )e or s)e a"mits t)e allegationsZ
-B( 5Hi t6 Q trbn l< U&u t)i cGc 5Hi t6 t3sng Xng tiBp t)eo Q "3Di s l< U&u )onc U&urZ
If ,o( taAe t)is ejam .it)o(t st(",ingM ,o( are liAel, to failZ
o( s)o(l" al.a,s "o ,o(r )ome.orAZ
a(,Rt 5ki A)Tng "2ng lfn &ne v< U&u trong c2ng m4t cI( )onc "2ng theU t)a, t)B c)o )ai
5Hi t6 n<,Z
i tr=Yc N giYi
thiXu
arong m4t cI( tiBng [n) c? 2 t)<n) p)]nM nB( m4t trong )ai t)<n) p)]n 5? c? "2ng 5Bn
5Hi t6 n)In j3ng t)i Q t)<n) p)]n c;n lHi p)Oi c? m4t "an) t6 5U giDi t)iR( c)o 5Hi t6 5?Z
1an) t6 5i giDi t)iR( p)Oi t3sng 53sng vDi 5Hi t6 n)In j3ng 5? vY mnt
gikng v< skZ
jnc&rrectO Henr, .as "enie" a"mission to gra"(ate sc)ool beca(se t)e, "i" not believe
t)at )e co(l" )an"le t)e .orA loa"Z
"&rrectO a)e membe r s of t)e a"missions committee "enie" Henr, a"mission to gra"(ate
sc)ool beca(se t)e, "i" not believe t)at )e co(l" )an"le t)e .orA loa"Z
or
Henr, .as "enie" a"mission to gra"(ate sc)ool beca(se t)e mem b ers of t)e a"missions
committee "i" not believe t)at )e co(l" )an"le t)e .orA loa"Z
*)m c? m4t "an) t6 538c p)yp giDi t)iR( c)o 5Hi t6M nB( c? )ai s gI, nbn sV l]m lfn "o
tr2ng lnpZ jnc&rrectO +rZ &ro.n tol" +rZ ["ams t)at )e .o(l" )ave to .orA all nig)t in
or"er to qnis) t)e reportZ "&rrect O [ccor"ing to +rZ &ro.nM + r Z ["ams .ill )ave to
.orA all nig)t in or"er to qnis) t)e reportZ
or
+rZ &ro.n sai" t)atM in or"er to qnis) t)e reportM +rZ ["ams .o(l" )ave to
.orA all nig)tZ
"ch #$ %ng cc :hSn t . _u mXnh Q
:h
arong m4t cI( tiBng [n) c? c)(ng m4t c)= ng> bao g\m 2 t)<n) p)]n: +Rn) 5Y p): c?
t)U mQ 5]( bong m4t 1Ling Hc)iBm 5a sk) - m4t p)In t6 )ai (nB( mang ng)Ea bP 54ng) -
m4t 54ng t6 ng(,bn t)U (nB( c)m m:c 5lc)) v< m4t ng> "an) t6 )onc m4t ng> giDi t6 nB(
c)m sV t3sng XngZ
C)i s9 ":ng loHi cI( n<, c]n )Bt sXc l3( ~ rong c)= ng> c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln) bKt b(4c p)Oi
l< c)= ng>
)8p l~ c=a mRn) 5Y p):Z
a)Tng t)37ng c? ! giDi t6 5Xng tr3Dc m4t 1Ling mQ 5]( c)o mRn) 5Y p):M 5? l<: W U (bong
cGc)M bQi)M
u:&n* a+ter (sa( A)i)M 2e +&re (tr3Dc A)i)M while (trong A)i)M whe n (A)i)Z
&, .orAing a ten-)o(r "a, for fo(r "a,sM .e can )ave a long .eeAen"Z
N3( ~ rong: &n \ 54ng t6 trHng t)Gi )onc in \ 54ng t6 )<n) 54ng t)i c? t)U t3sng 53sng
vDi when
)onc whileZ:
Ex: tn qn"ing ({ .)en qn"ing) t)e "oor auarM I aro(se"
s(spicionZ (C)i t)e, c9a )y mQM tTi nO, sin) mki
ng)i ng7)
Ex: In searc)ing ({.)ile searc)ing) for (n"ergro(n" "eposits of oilM geologist often rel, on
magnometersZ (arong A)i tim cGc mJ "]( trong l;ng 5etM cGc n)< 5Pa c)et t)37ng
"Va v<o t6 ABZ)
a)7i c=a 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y p): p)Oi "o t)7i c=a 54ng t6 Q mRn) 5Y c)ln) W(,Bt 5Pn)M 2
)<n) 54ng jO, ra song song c(ng lgc:
Present:
Ex: Practicing )er s.ing ever, "a,M arica )o pes to get a uob as a golf instr(ctorZ
Past:
Ex: #)ile revie.ing for t)e testM +aria reali e" t)at s)e )as forgotten to st(", t)e (se of
particle p)rasesZ
'(t(re:
Ex: [fter prepari n g t)e "innerM +ic)elle .ill r ea" a booAZ
-B( 2eing v< having mQ 5]( cI( p): t)i 5ong tr3Dc c)gng n giDi t6 2ecau#e'
Ex: &eing a goo" st("entM )e can al.a,s pass )is ejam easil,Z ({ &eca(se )e isZZZ)
Ex: Having a terrible toot)ac)eM P)illip calle" t)e "entist far an appointmentZ ({ &eca(se )e
)a" aZZZ)Z
v4ng t6 ng(,bn t)U c)m m:c 5lc) Q 5]( cI( p):
Ex: jnc&rrectO ao prevent c a v itie sM "ental f lo s s s)o(l" be (se" "ail, after br(s)ing ones
teet)Z
"&rrectO ao prevent cavitie sM one s)o(l" (se "ental oss "ail, after br(s)ing ones
teet)Z
-g> "an) t6 )onc ng> giDi t6 mQ 5]( mRn) 5Y p): c)m sV t3sng Xng
Ex: jnc&rrectO [ competitive sport s M g,m n as ts m(st perform before a panel of u("ges
.)o (se t)eir Ano.le"ge of r(les an" sAill to "etermine .)ic) participant .ill .inZ
"&rrectO In a g,mnast ic competitive sports gameM g,mnasts
m(st ZZZZZZ
P)In t6 )ai mQ 5]( mRn) 5Y p): c)m bP 54ng:
Ex: jnc&rrectO ' o(n" in aan ania b, +ar, NeaA ,M so m e arc)eo logi s ts estimate" t)at t)e
t)ree - million - ,ear - ol" fossils .ere t)e ol"est )(man remains t)at .ere "iscovere"Z
"&rrectO 'o(n" in aa n ania b, +a r , NeaA ,M t) e t)ree - million - ,ear - ol" fossils .ere
i tr=Yc N giYi
thiXu
estimate" b,
some arc)eologists to be t)e ol"est )(man remains t)at )a" ever been "iscovere"Z
N3( ~: *e( trgc n<, c;n Gp ":ng c)o cO cGc mf( cI( c? mRn) 5Y p): mQ 5]( bong:
tlth&ugh \ t%na 4
)
'
[lt)o(g) ()e .as) nervo ( sM )e gave a .on"erf(l speec)Z
[lt)o(g) (it )a" been) "amage "M t)e mac)ine .as still f(nctioningZ
Honc c? t)U "2ng when + 4
)
mQ 5]( mRn) 5Y p)::
Ex: #)en (it is) s)o.n t)ro(g) a prismM a beam of .)ite lig)t breaAs into all t)e colors of
t)e rainbo.Z
-B( )<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln) lfn mRn) 5Y p): 5Y( jO, ra trong W(G A)X m< )<n) 54ng
c=a mRn)
5Y p): l2i sI( )sn n>a v<o trong W(G A)X t)i cTng t)Xc s l<:
@!
HF&tJ \ having \ 4
)
'''* - \ #im:le :a#t'
vong tr3Dc having c;n n c)Xa 2 giDi t6 l< 2ecau#e v< a+terM viRc )iU( 2 giDi t6 n<,
p): t)(4c v<o ng> cOn) c=a cI(Z
vnc biRt l3( ~ rong: ce( trgc n<, c;n c? t)U Gp ":ng c)o cO mf( cI( m< cO 2 t)7i c=a
54ng t6 s "izn biBn Q :re#ent :er+ect L #im:le :re#entZ (t(, rong ret )iBm)
Ex: Having seen t)e c)il"rens .orAM +iss ["ams approves t)eir reW(est
to go )omeZ ({ [fter s)e )as see nZZZM +iss ["ams a pprove sZZZ)
-B( )<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y p): jO, ra Q t)7i bP 54ng t)i cTng t)Xc s l<:
t+tera2ecau#e \ Hn&tJ \ having 2een \ 4
)
'''* - \ #im:le :re#ent'
P)Oi )Bt sXc l3( ~ rong: 5iY( W(an trrng n)et trong viRc s9 ":ng 2 mf( cI( trbn vfn p)Oi
l<: c)= ng>
c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln) p)Oi l< c)= ng> )8p l~ c=a mRn) 5Y p):Z
@%
4hSn t %Png lm tEnh t
(' 4hSn t ( H1LingJ =9c %Png lm tEnh t khi ne : ?ng _U ; cc iQu kiXn #auO
H<n) 54ng p)Oi Q t)U c)= 54ngZ
H<n) 54ng 5? 5ang Q t)U tiBp "iznZ
v4ng t6 538c s9 ":ng l<m tln) t6 p)Oi A)Tng 5;i )Ji m4t tIn ng> n<o (n4i 54ng t6)Z
a)e cr,ing bab, .oAe +rZ&inionZ ( a)e bab, .as cr,ing)
a)e blooming o.ers in t)e mea"o. create" a rainbo. of colorsZ (a)e flo.ers .ere
blooming)
)' 4hSn t ) H1Le%J =9c %Png lm tEnh t khi ne : ?ng _U ; cc iQu kiXn #auO
H<n) 54ng p)Oi Q t)U bP 54ngZ
H<n) 54ng 5? jO, ra tr3Dc )<n) 54ng c=a mRn) 5Y c)ln)Z
a)e sorte" mail .as "elivere" to t)e oices before noonZ (a)e mail )a" been sorte")Z
b=u {O +4t sk cGc 54ng t6 n)3 t& intere#t* t& 2&re* t& excite* t& +righten A)i s9 ":ng
p)Oi ret cn t)}nvY viRc n)>ng p)In t6 538c "2ng l<m tln) t6 j(et p)Gt t6 n)>ng 54ng t6
n<, mang ng)Ea c)= 54ng
)a, bP 54ngZ
a)e boring professor p(t t)e st("ents to sleepZ
a)e bor ing lect(re p(t t)e st("ents to sleepZ
a)e bo r e" st("e n ts .ent to sleep "(ring t)e boring lect(r eZ
@0
"Su
tha
C)i t)Tng tin trong cI( bP lnp 5i lnp lHi "3Di "Hng A)Tng c]n t)iBt t)i n? bP gri l< cI( t)6aM
c]n p)Oi loHi bJ p)]n t)6a 5?ZH4age )(!J
-g37i [n) A)Tng "2ng the rea#&n '''' 2ecau#e m< "2ng the rea#&n ''' that'
a)e reason I taAe t)is co(rse t)at its necessar, for meZ
-g37i [n) A)Tng "2ng the time when m< c)m "2ng m4t trong )aiZ
It is t)e time$ .)en I got )omeZ
-g37i [n) A)Tng "2ng :lace where m< c)m "2ng m4t trong )aiZ
It is t)e place$ .)ere I .as bornZ
( / { a)6a $ { 1 trong 2 )
a"vance
fo r.ar"
procee"
for.ar"
progress
fo r.ar"
(Vt): gc tiBnM 5, mHn)
(Vi): aiBp t:cM tiBn triUn
ret(rn
bacA
revert
bacA
s(cient $
eno(g)t same $
i"entical
compete to g et)er compete { 5(a tran)M cHn) tran) vDi
n)a( repeat again
reasonZZZ beca(se { reasonZZZ t)at
ne. innovation
t.o t.ins t.ins { t.o brot)ers or sisters
uoin tog e t)er
matinee performance matinee { b(Li biU( "izn c)iY(
t)e time $ .)en
t)e place $
.)ere
"Gu trCc cSu #&ng #&ng
C)i t)Tng tin trong m4t cI( 538c 53a ra "3Di "Hng )<ng loHt t)i cGc t)<n) p)]n 538c liRt
Ab p)Oi song song vDi n)a( vY mnt ng> p)Gp HF&un L n&un* a%n L a%nJZ
a)Tng t)37ng t)i t)<n) p)]n 5]( tibn sa( 54ng t6 s W(,Bt 5Pn) cGc t)<n) p)]n c;n lHi
F&t :arallelO +rZ Henr, is a la.,e rM a p oliticia nM an" )e
teac ) e sZ no(n no(n
cla(se
4arallelO +rZ Henr, is a la.,e rM a p oliticia nM an" a
te a c)erZ no(n
no(n
no(n
b=u {O a(, n)ibn nB( t)7i gian trong cI( l< A)Gc n)a( t)i 54ng t6 chng p)Oi t(In t)eo W(i
l(}t t)7i gianZ Ngc 5? ce( trgc cI( song song A)Tng t\n tHi
hng tin tr7c tiZ: v gin tiZ:
(' "Su tr7c tiZ: v cSu gin tiZ:
arong cI( trVc tiBp t)Tng tin 5i t6 ng37i t)X n)et 5Bn t)ng ng37i t)X )aiZ
He sai" FI bo(g)t a ne. motorbiAe for m,self ,ester"a,F
arong cI( giGn tiBp t)Tng tin 5i t6 ng37i t)X n)et W(a ng37i t)X )ai 5Bn vDi ng37i t)X baZ
C)i 5? cI( c? biBn 5Li vY mnt ng> p)GpZ
He sai" )e )a" bo(g)t a ne. motorbiAe for )imself t)e "a, befor eZ
vU biBn 5Li m4t cI( trVc tiBp sang cI( giGn tiBp c]n:
vLi c)= ng> v< cGc 5Hi t6 n)In j3ng A)Gc trong cI( trVc tiBp t)eo c)= ng> c=a t)<n)
p)]n t)X
n)etZ
N2i 54ng t6 Q vB t)X 2 j(kng m4t cep so vDi lgc ban 5](Z
&iBn 5Li cGc 5Hi t6 c)m t)PM p)? t6 c)m t)7i gian v< 5Pa 5iUm t)eo bOng W(i 5Pn)Z
WTng si <ng
t [irect
#:eech
jn%irect #:eech
Simple
present
Present progressive
Present perfect
(Progressive) Simple past
#ill$S)al
Simple
past
Past
progressive
Past perfect
(Progressive) Past
perfect
WTng si cc Bi t chc th* :he t chc a iNm v th>i gian
ao"a,
ester"a
,
a)e "a, before
,ester"a,
aomorro.
a)e "a, after
tomorro.
-ejt + aime
Nast + aime
aime + ago
a)isM t)ese
HereM
tver)ere
a)at "a, a)e
"a, before
a.o "a,s
before
a)e nejt$ t)e follo.ing
"a,
In t.o "a,s
time
a)e follo.ing +
aime a)e previo(s
+ aime aime +
before
a)atM
t)ose
a)ereM
tvert)ere
-B( l7i n?i v< )<n) 54ng jO, ra c2ng ng<, t)i A)Tng c]n p)Oi 5Li t)7i gianZ
[t breaAfast t)is morning )e sai" FI .ill be b(s, to"a,F
[t breaAfast t)is morning )e sai" )e .o(l" be b(s, to " a ,Z
*Gc s(, l(}n logic vY mnt t)7i gian tet n)ibn l< c]n t)iBt A)i l7i n?i 538c t)(}t lHi sa( 5?
m4t )onc )ai ng<,Z
(tn +on"a,) He sai" F Ill be leaving on #e"nes"a, F
(tn a(es"a,) He sai" )e .o(l" be leaving
to m o r ro.Z (tn #e"nes"a,) He sai" )e .o(l"
be leaving to"a,Z
R<ng t vYi hai tSn ng/ tr7c tiZ: v gin
tiZ:
+4t sk 54ng t6 trong tiBng [n) c? )ai loHi tIn ng> : 1 trVc tiBp v< 1 giGn tiBp 5\ng t)7i
chng c? )ai cGc) "2ng:
Nki "2ng giGn tiBp: vnt tIn ng> trVc tiBp sa( 54ng t6 r\i 5Bn tIn ng> giGn tiBp 5i sa( )ai giDi
t6 +&r v<
t&Z
a)e "irectors secretar, sent t)e man(script to t)em last nig)tZ
Nki "2ng trVc tiBp: vnt tIn ng> giGn tiBp sa( 54ng t6 r\i 5Bn tIn ng> trVc tiBpM )ai giDi t6 t&
v< +&r bP
loHi bJZ
a)e "irectors secretar, sent t)em t)e man(script last nig)tZ
jnc&rrectO a)e "irectors secretar, se n t to t)em t)e man(script last nig)tZ
Hai 54ng t6 t& intr&%uce v< t& menti&n p)Oi "2ng cTng t)Xc giGn tiBpM A)Tng 538c
"2ng cTng t)Xc trVc tiBpZ
t& intr&%uce #mta#2 t&
#2 t& menti&n #mt t&
#2'
-B( cO )ai tIn ng> trVc tiBp v< giGn tiBp 5Y( l< 5Hi t6 n)In j3ng t)i A)Tng 538c "2ng
cTng t)Xc trVc tiBp m< p)Oi "2ng cTng t)Xc giGn tiBpZ
Ex: "&rrectO a)e, gave it to ( s Z
jnc&rrectO a)e, gave ( s itZ
-7 T& ng=9c :he t
arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p cGc p)? t6 A)Tng 5Xng Q vP trl bin) t)37ng c=a n? m< 5Oo lbn
5Xng Q 5]( cI( n)om n)en mHn) v<o )<n) 54ng c=a c)= ng>Z
arong tr37ng )8p 5? ng> p)Gp s t)a, 5LiM 5ong sa( p)? t6 5Xng 5]( cI( l< tr8 54ng t6
r\i mDi 5Bn c)= ng> v< 54ng t6 c)ln)Z
har%l
U
rarelU
#el%&m \ auxiliarU \ - \ 1
never
&nlU''
'
-ever )ave so man, people been (nemplo,e"
as to"a,Z a"veb
a(jiliar, s(buect
verb
(So man, people )ave never been (nemplo,e" as to"a,)
M<t #D cc %Bng :he t Ic 2iXt ?ng . _u
cSu
jna wn%er n& circum#tance#O 12 trong bet cX )o<n cOn) n<o chng A)TngZ
^n"er no circ(mstances s)o(l" ,o( len" )im t)e mone,Z
n n& acc&untO 12 bet cX l~ "o gi chng A)Tng
tn no acco(t m(st t)is s.itc) be to(c)e"Z
nlU in thi# waUO *)m bong cGc) n<,
tnl, in t)is .a, co(l" t)e problem be solve"
jn n& waUO C)Tng sao c? t)U
In no .a, co(l" I agree .it) ,o(Z
WU n& mean#O Ho<n to<n A)Tng
&, no means "oes )e inten" to criticie ,o(r i"eaZ
Fegative '''* n&r \ auxiliarU \ - \ 1
He )a" no mone,M nor "i" )e Ano. an,bo", from .)om )e co(l" borro.Z
C)i m4t mRn) 5Y mQ 5]( bong cGc t)<n) ng> c)m nsi c)kn )onc tr}t tV t)i 54ng t6 c)ln) c?
t)U 5Oo lbn c)= ng> n)3ng t(,Rt 5ki A)Tng 538c s9 ":ng tr8 54ng t6 trong tr37ng )8p n<,Z
"lau#e &+ :lacea &r%er \ main ver2 \ - Hn& auxiliarUJ
In front of t)e m(se(m is a stat(eZ
'irst came t)e amb(lanceM t)en came t)e policeZ
( a)oHt 5]( l< je cX( t)3sng c)H, 5BnM tiBp sa( l< cOn) sGtZ)
C)i m4t ng> giDi t6 l<m p)? t6 c)m 5Pa 5iUm )onc p)3sng )3Dng 5Xng Q 5]( cI(M cGc n4i
54ng t6 5nt lbn tr3Dc c)= ng> n)3ng t(,Rt 5ki A)Tng 538c s9 ":ng tr8 54ng t6 trong loHi
cI( n<,Z -? ret p)L biBn trong vwn mT tO A)i m(kn "izn 5Ht m4t c)= ng> A)Tng jGc 5Pn):
Ex: ^n"er t)e tree .as l,ing one of t)e biggest men I )a" ever seenZ
Ex: 1irectl, in front of t)em stoo" a great castleZ
Ex: tn t)e grass sat an enormo(s frogZ
Ex: [long t)e roa" came a strange processionZ
aln) t6 chng c? t)U 5Oo lbn trbn 5]( cI( 5U n)en mHn) v< sa( 5? l< 54ng t6 nki n)3ng t(,Rt
5ki A)Tng
538c s9 ":ng tr8 54ng
t6Z
Ex: So "etermin e " .as s)e to taAe t)e (niversit, co(rse t)at s)e ta(g)t sc)ool an" gave
m(sic lesson for )er t(ition feesZ
arong m4t sk tr37ng )8p ng37i ta chng c? t)U 5Oo to<n b4 54ng t6 c)ln) lbn trbn c)=
ng> 5U n)en mHn)M n)>ng 54ng t6 538c 5Oo lbn trbn trong tr37ng )8p n<, p)]n lDn 5Y(
mang sKc t)Gi bP 54ng n)3ng )o<n to<n A)Tng c? ng)Ea bP 54ngZ
Ex: Nos tM )o.everM are t)e secrets of t)e +a,an astronomers an" t)e Inca b(il"ers as
.ell as man, me"icinal practicesZ
(a(, n)ibn n)>ng bl m}t ZZZZ 5| met 5i vEn) vizn A)Tng bao gi7 trQ lHiZ)
*Gc p)? t6 awaU H { & J* %&wn* in* &* &ut* &ver* r&un%* u:''' c? t)U t)eo sa( l<
m4t 54ng t6
c)(,Un 54ng v< sa( 5? l< m4 t "an) t6 l< m c)= ng>Z
Ex: [.a, .ent t)e r(nners$ 1o.n fell a "oen of applesZZZ
twaUa%&wnaina&a&uta&verar&un%au:'''\ m&ti&n ver2 \ n&unan&un :hra#e
a# a #u2nect'
-)3ng nB( m4t 5Hi t6 n)In j3ng l<m c)= ng> t)i 54ng t6 p)Oi 5U sa( c)= ng>:
Ex: [.a, t)e, .ent$ co(n" an" ro(n" it e.Z
arong tiBng [n) viBt (.ritten `nglis)) cGc ng> giDi t6 mQ 5]( bong cGc giDi t6 %&wn*
+r&m* in* &n* &ver* &ut &+* r&un%* u:''' c? t)U 538c t)eo sa( nga, bQi 54ng t6 c)m vP trl
(cr&uch* hang* lie* #it* #tan%''') )onc cGc "Hng 54ng t6 c)m c)(,Un 54ngM cGc 54ng t6 n)3
2e 2&rna %iea live v< m4t sk "Hng 54ng t6 A)GcZ
Ex: 'rom t)e rafters )(ng strings of onionsZ
1S
Ex: In t)e "oor.a, stoo" a man .it)

a g(nZ Ex: tn a perc) besi"e )im sat
a bl(e parrotZ Ex: tver t)e .all came
a s)o.er of stonesZ
N3( ~: 3 vl ": 5]( c=a cGc vl ": trbn c? t)U "izn 5Ht bong m4t 1|RWLjFG mQ 5]( c)o cI( v<
54ng t6 W|
5Oo lbn trbn c)=
ng>:
Ex: Hanging from t)e rafters .ere strings of
onionZ Ex: Stan"ing in t)e "oor.a, .as a
man .it) a g(nZ Ex: Sitting on a perc)
besi"e )im .as a bl(e parrotZ
HiRn t38ng n<, c;n jO, ra A)i c)= ng> sa( cGc p)? t6 so sGn) a#athan
W(G "<i:
Ex: S)e .as ver, religio(sM as .ere most of )er
frien"sZ
Ex: *it, ".ellers )ave a )ig)er "eat) rate t)an "o
co(ntr, peopl eZ
aIn ng> mang tln) n)en mHn) chng c? t)U 5Oo lbn
5]( cI(:
Ex: -ot a single .or" "i" )e
sa,Z
mereahere )onc m4t sk cGc p)? t6 5i ABt )8p vDi 54ng t6 5Xng 5]( cI( chng p)Oi 5Oo
54ng t6 lbn trbn c)= ng> l< m4t "an) t6M n)3ng nB( c)= ng> l< m4t 5Hi t6 t)i A)Tng 538c
5Oo 54ng t6:
Ex: Here comes
're"",Z
jnc&rrectO Here comes )e
Ex: t .e
go
jnc&rrectO t go .e
Ex: a)ere goes ,o(r
brot)er
Ex: I stoppe" t)e carM an" (p .alAe" a
policemanZ
1S
5
"ch l&Bi 2@ nh/ng cSu trT l>i khng Cng
tr&ng 2i ng/ :h:
+4t trong sk )ai b p)Gp c=a at`'N 538c c)o "3Di "Hng m4t cI( c)o snM c;n 5U
trkng m4t p)]n v< "3Di 5? l< cI( 5U 5iYn v<oZ arong cI( c)m c? m4t cI( 5gngZ vU giOi
W(,Bt 538c cI( 5gng p)Oi t)eo l]n l38t cGc b3Dc sa(:
1S
!
hiNm tra cc li ng/ :h: cv 2Tn 2a&
gm
SV )o< )8p gi>a c)= ng> v< vP ng>
*Gc) s9 ":ng ["u v< ["v
VP trl c=a cGc ["v t)eo t)X tV l]n l38t: c)m p)3sng t)Xc )<n) 54ng - 5Pa 5iUm - t)7i gian -
p)3sng tiRn )<n) 54ng - tin) )(kng )<n) 54ngZ
SV p)ki )8p gi>a cGc t)7i 54ng t6Z
em jyt viRc s9 ":ng )8p l~ cGc 5Hi t6 trong cI(Z
*e( trgc cI( song songZ
(' b&Bi 2@ nh/ng cSu trT l>i mang tEnh r=>m r
NoHi bJ cI( trO l7i bao g\m m4t t)<n) ng> "<iM t(, A)Tng sai n)3ng c? m4t t6 ngKn )sn 5U
t)a, t)BZ
N3( ~: -)3ng p)Oi )Bt sXc cn t)}n vi m4t sk cGc t%n t}n c2ng bwng 5(Ti lU A)Tng t)U ce(
tHo p)? t6
bong 5(Ti lUZ P)? t6 c=a n)>ng t%n n<, l< in a t%nLlU \ mannerawaUZ
Ex: He be)aves me in a frien"l, .a,$ manner
P)Oi cn t)}n A)i "2ng +re#h
in a +re#h manner ] m<t cch t=vi'
Ex: a)is foo" is onl, "elicio(s .)en eaten in a fres) ma nner
+re#hlU \ 4jj ] va mYi
Ex: fres)l,-picAe" fr(it
{ W(O v6a mDi
)Gi
Ex: fres)l,- lai" eggs
{ trXng g< v6a mDi
5
P)Oi loHi bJ n)>ng t6 t)6a trong cI( t)6a
"au#e a re#ult ] tha a re#ult
)' 4hTi ch^c ch^n ryng tGt cT cc t tr&ng cSu =9c chfn Qu :hTi :hCc v ch&
ngha c;a 2i* Ic 2iXt l cc ng/ <ng t'
,' 4hTi l&Bi 2@ nh/ng cSu trT l>i 2a& hm tiZng leng* khng =9c :hz: %Png
tr&ng vqn viZt iui chu~n
Ex: [ b(nc) of o.ersZ(C)Tng 538c)Z
1S
%
Fh/ng t %k gSU nh_m ln
v? l< n)>ng t6 ret "z gI, n)]m lfn vY mnt ng> ng)EaM c)ln) tO )onc p)Gt ImM c]n p)Oi p)In
biRt r c)gng bong ng> cOn)Z
cite (V) trlc) "fn
#ite (-) A)( 5et 5U jI, "VngZ
#ight H-) A)e ngKmM t]m ngKmZ
(V) W(ang cOn)M cOn)
t38ngZ (V) W(an sGtM n)in
t)e,
%e##ert H-) m?n trGng miRng
%e#ert (-) sa mHc
%e#ert (V) bJM bJ mncM 5<o ngh
later sa( 5?M r\i t)i (t)37ng "2ng vDi 54ng t6 t)7i t3sng lai) earlier + simple past
(tr3Dc 5?)
the latter cGi t)X 2M ng37i t)X 2M cGi sa(M ng37i sa(Z the +&rmer { cGi tr3DcM ng37i
tr3DcZ
:rinci:al (-) )iR( tr3Qng (tr37ng p)L
t)Tng) (["u) c)ln)M c)= ,B(Z
:rinci:le (-) ng(,bn tKcM l(}t lR
aect (V) tGc 54ng 5Bn
eect (-) On) )3QngM )iR( W(O
(V) t)Vc )iRnM 5em
lHi
alrea%U (["v) 5|
all rea%U tet cO 5| sn s<ngZ
am&ng (Prep) trong sk ("2ng c)o 3 ng37iM 3 v}t trQ lbn)
2etween'''an% gi>aZZZv< (c)m "2ng c)o 2 ng37i$v}t)
b=u {: 2etween'''an% chng c;n 538c "2ng 5U c)m vP trl c)ln) jGc c=a m4t W(kc gia nom
gi>a n)>ng W(kc gia A)Gc c)o "2 l< 2
Ex: Vietnam lies bet.een *)inaM Naos an" *ambo"iaZ
tm&ng ] &ne &+a#&me &+ainclu%e% in (m4t trong sk$ m4t sk trong$ AU cOM bao g\m)Z
Ex: [mong t)e qrst to arrive .as t)e ambassa"orZ
(arong sk n)>ng ng37i 5Bn 5]( tibn c? ngng bHn b c=a min)M an) ta c? W(en m4t sk t4i p)Hm)Z
Wetween c;n 538c "2ng c)o cGc W(|ng cGc) gi>a cGc v}t v< cGc giDi )Hn vY mnt t)7i gianZ
Ex: #e nee" 2 meters bet.een t)e .in"o.sZ
Ex: I .ill be at t)e oce bet.een @ an" 11Z
12ng 2etween A)i m(kn 5Y c}p 5bn 2 v}t )onc 2 n)?m v}t Q vY 2 p)laZ
Ex: [ little valle, bet.een )ig) mo(ntai nsZ
Ex: I sa. somet)ing bet.een t)e .)eels of t)e carZ
1ierence + bet.een (not among)
Ex: #)at are t)e "ierences b et.een cro.sM rooAsM an" uacA"a.sZ
Wetween each \ n&un (-an" t)e nejt) (more formal)
Ex: #e nee" 2 meters bet.een eac) .in " o . Z
Ex: a)ere seems to be less an" less time bet.een eac) birt)"a,
(an" t)e nejt)Z (a)7i gian ng<, c<ng ngKn lHi gi>a 2 l]n sin)
n)}tZ)
1evi"e + bet.een (not among)
Ex: He "evi"e" )is mone, bet.een )is .ifeM )is "a(g)terM an" )is sisterZ
S)are + bet.een$among
Ex: He s)are" t)e foo" bet.een$among all m, frien"Z
c&n#ecutive (["u) libn t:c (A)Tng c? tln) 5Xt W(|ng)
#ucce##ive (["u) libn t:c (c? tln) cGc) W(|ng)
1S
0
emigrant (-) ng37i "i c3M
(V) - emigrate
+r&m
immigrant (-) ng37i n)}p c3
(V) immigrate
int&
1S
@
+&rmerlU (["v) tr3Dc Aia
+&rmallU (["v) c)mn) tY (wn
mnc) (["v) c)ln)
t)Xc
hi#t&ric (["u) nLi tiBngM W(an trrng trong lPc) s9
Ex: a)e )istoric spot on .)ic) t)e earl, `nglis) settlers lan"e" in -ort) [merica
(["u) mang tln) lPc)
s9Z
Ex: )istoric times
hi#t&rical (["u) t)(4c vY lPc) s9
Ex: Historical reseac)M )istorical magaine
(["u) c? t)}t trong lPc)
s9
Ex: Historical peopleM )istorical events
he:le## (["u) vT vrngM t(,Rt vrng
u#ele## (["u) vT ":ng
imaginarU { (["u) A)Tng c? t)}tM t3Qng t38ng
imaginative { (["u) p)ong p)gM ba, bLng vY trl t3Qng t38ng
1S
@
4h lcO m<t #D nh/ng t %k gSU nh_m ln
khcO
*lassic (a"u)
c)et l38ng cao: a classic novel (m4t c(kn tiU( t)(,Bt )a,)p a classic football matc) (m4t
tr}n b?ng
5G )a,)Z
5nc t)2$5nc tr3ng$tib( biU(: a classic ejample (m4t vl ": tib( biU(M 5iUn )in))Z
*lassic (no(n): vwn ng)R sEM tGc p)m l3( "an)Z
Ex: a)is novel ma, .ell become a classic
(aGc p)m n<, c? t)U 538c l3( "an))Z
*lassics: vwn )rc v< ngTn ng> cL H,-NaZ
*lassical: cL 5iUnM Ain) 5iUnZ
Politic: n)}n t)Xc 5gng$ A)Tn ngoan$ trang trrngZ
Ex: I "ont t)inA it .o(l" be politic to asA for loan u(st no.Z
(aTi c)o rong s A)Tng l< A)Tn ngoan nB( )Ji va, m4t A)oOn nga, lgc n<,Z)
Political: t)(4c vY c)ln) trPZ
Ex: [ political career
(m4t sV ng)iRp c)ln) trP)Z
*ontin(al: libn t:c lnp 5i lnp lHi ()<n) 54ng c? tln) cGc) W(|ng)
Ex: Please stop ,o(r contin(al W(estions
(in )|, t)Ti )Ji lnp 5i lnp lHi m|i n)3 t)B)Z
*ontino(s: libn mibn$s(kt ()<n) 54ng A)Tng c? tln) cGc) W(|ng)
Ex: [ contino(s flo. of trac
(1;ng je c4 c)H, libn mibn bet t}n)Z
[s (libn t6) { -)3 + S(buect + verbZ
Ex: #)en in comaM "o as co m ans " o
(-)}p gia t2, t:c)Z
NiAe (tln) t6 "2ng n)3 m4t giDi t6) + no(n$no(n p)rase
Ex: He fo(g)t liAe a ma" m an
([n) ta c)iBn 5e( n)3 5ibn n)3 "Hi)Z
[liAe (a"uZ): gikng n)a(M t3sng tV
Ex: [lt)o(g) t)e, are brot)erM t)e, "ont looA aliA eZ
[liAe (a"verb): n)3 n)a(
Ex: a)e climate )ere is al.a,s )otM s(mmer an" .inter aliAeZ
[s: n)3$ vDi t3 cGc) l< ("2ng trong so sGn) A)i bOn t)In c)= ng> c? c)Xc nwng n)3
v}t$ng37i 538c so sGn))
Ex: Net me speaA to ,o( as a fat)er
(H|, 5U tTi n?i vDi c}( n)3 m4t ng37i c)a)
NiAe: n)3 l< ("2ng trong so sGn) A)i bOn t)In c)= ng> v< cGi$ng37i so sGn) A)Tng p)Oi l<
m4t )onc A)Tng c? c)Xc nwng 5\ng n)et)
Ex: Net me speaA to ,o( liAe a man above
(H|, 5U tTi n?i vDi an) n)3 m4t ng37i bY trbn)Z
&efore: tr3Dc 5I,$tr3Dc 5? ("2ng A)i so sGn) m4t t)X vDi tet cO cGc t)X A)Gc c2ng loHi)
Ex: S)e )as never seen s(c) a bea(tif(l pict(re before
(*T ta c)3a bao gi7 n)in t)e, m4t bXc tran) 5xp n)3 t)B tr3Dc 5I,)Z
&efore: ar3Dc (c)m m4t sV viRc jO, ra tr3Dc m4t sV viRc A)Gc trong W(G A)XM t)37ng "2ng
vDi Past
Perfect)
11
S
Ex: He live" in 'rance in 1@12M )e )a" live" in `nglan" ,ears be for eZ
[go: tr3Dc (tln) t6 )iRn tHi trQ ng38c vY W(G A)XM t)37ng "2ng vDi Simple Past)
11
1
Ex: I .ent to `nglan" 3 ,ears agoZ
*ertain: c)Kc c)Kn (biBt sV t)Vc)
Ex: *ertainl,$ Im certain t)at )e "i"nt steal it
(aTi c)Kc c)Kn rong )Kn ta A)Tng le, cGi 5?)Z
S(re: tin rong (A)Tng biBt c)KcM n?i t)eo cOm n)}nM ng)Ea l< ,B( )sn certain)
Ex: S(rel,$ I am s(re t)at )e "i" not steal it
(aTi tin rong )Kn A)Tng le, t)X 5?)Z
In"ee":
Ver,+in"ee" (sa( m4t tln) t6 )onc m4t p)? t6)
Ex: a)anA ,o( ver, m(c) in"ee"Z
Ex: I .as ver, please" in"ee" to )ear from ,o(Z
In"ee" "2ng sa( t& 2e )onc m4t tr8 54ng t6 n)om jGc n)}n )onc n)en mHn) c)o
sV 5\ng ~
(t)37ng "2ng trong cI( trO l7i ngKn)Z
Ex: It is col" $ - It is in"ee"Z
Ex: Henn, ma"e a fool of )imself $ - He "i" in"ee"Z
Ill (&ritis) `nglis)) { SicA ([merican `nglis)) { km
Ex: deorge "i"nt come in last .eeA beca(se )e .as ill ({)e .as sicA)
SicA + -o(n { km ,B($ bRn) t}t
Ex: He spent 2S ,ears looAing after )is sicA fat)er
(-g37i c)a bRn) t}t)
&e sicA { 'ell sicA { -Tn$ b(\n nTn$ sa, (t<(M jeZZZ)
Ex: I .as sicA 3 times in t)e nig)t
(tTi nTn 3 l]n trong 5bm)
Ex: I feel sicAZ #)eres t)e bat) room
(tTi t)e, b(\n nTnM p);ng tKm Q 5I()
Ex: S)e is never sea-sicA
(*T e, c)ng bao gi7 sa, s?ng cO)
#elcome (a"uective) { 538c mong 58i$ 538c c)7 58i t6 lI($ t)g vP
Ex: [ .elcome g(est
(C)Gc) W(l$ A)Gc) be, lI( mong 58i)
Ex: [ .elcome gift
(+?n W(< t)g vP 538c c)7 58i t6 lI()
#elcome to + no(n { *? W(,YnM 538c p)yp s9 ":ngZ
Ex: o( are .elcome to an, booA in m, librar,
([n) c? W(,Yn le, bet A W(,Un sGc) n<o trong t)3 viRn c=a tTi)
#elcoming (p)In t6 1 ce( tHo t6 54ng t6 .elcome "2ng l<m tln) t6)
*)<o 5?n$ 5?n tiBp In c]n
Ex: a)is co(ntr, )ave given me a .elcoming feelingZ
(X sQ n<, 5| "<n) c)o tTi m4t tin) cOm c)<o 5?n In c]n)
Hoan ng)bn)$ aGn 5\ng (~ AiBn)
Ex: ao s)o. a .elcoming i"ea
(&4c l4 m4t ~ AiBn tGn 5\ng)
&e certain$ s(re of + verb-ing: c)Kc c)Kn l< (5Y c}p 5Bn tin) cOm c=a ng37i 5ang 538c n?i
5Bn)
Ex: &efore t)e game s)e felt c ertain of .i n nin gM b(t after a fe. min(tes s)e realie" it
.asnt going to be eas,Z
Ex: o( seem ver, s(re of p assing t)e ejamM I )ope ,o( are rig)tZ
&e certain$ s(re + to + verb: c)Kc c)Kn s p)Oi (5Y c}p 5Bn tin) cOm c=a c)ln) ng37i n?i
)onc viBt cI(
5?):
Ex: a)e repairs are certain to cost more t)an ,o( t)inAZ
11
2
Ex: `laine is s(re to .in-t)e ot)er girl )asnt got a c)anceZ
11
1
&e intereste" + to + verb: a)e, t)lc) A)iZZZ:
Ex: Im intereste" to rea" in t)e paper t)at scientists )ave fo(n" o(t )o. to
talA to .)alesZ (aTi t)e, t)lc)$ t)g vP A)iZZZ)
&e intereste" in + verb-ing$ &e intereste" + to + verb:+(kn biBt$ m(kn p)Gt )iRn ra$
m(kn tim raZZZ:
Ex: Im intereste" in qn"ing o(t$ to qn" o(t .)at s)e "i" .it) all
t)at mone,Z (aTi m(kn biBt cT ta 5| l<m gi vDi ng]n e, tiYn)Z
&e intereste" in + verb-ing: a)e, t)lc)$ t)lc)$ m(knZZZ
Ex: Im intereste" in learning )ig)er e"(cation in t)e ^ZSZ
11
2
GiYi
t
(' [uring ] tr&ng #uDt Hh&Bt <ng %ikn ra liVn tcJ
)' 6r&m ] t t& ] Zn
'rom ZZZ to ZZZ{ t6 ZZZ 5BnZZZ ("2ng c)o t)7i gian v< nsi c)kn)
'rom time to time { 5Ti A)iM t)mn) t)oOng
,' ut &+]ra kh@iint&]v& tr&ng
t(t of + no(n { )BtM A)Tng c;n
t(t of to.n { 5i vKng
t(t of "ate{chM lHc )}( (p to "ate { mDiM c}p n)}t
t(t of .orA { t)et ng)iRpM met viRc
t(t of t)e W(estion { A)Tng t)U
t(t of or"er { )JngM A)Tng )oHt 54ng
0' WU
54ng t6 c)m c)(,Un 54ng + b, { 5i ngang W(a (.alA b, t)e librar,)
54ng t6 tEn) + b, { Q g]n (,o(r booAs are b, t)e .in"o.)
b, + t)7i gian c: t)U { tr3Dc lgcM c)o 5Bn lgc ()<n) 54ng c)o 5Bn lgc 5? p)Oi jO, ra)
b, + p)3sng tiRn giao t)Tng { 5i bong
b, t)en { c)o 5Bn lgc 5? ("2ng c)o cO C v< aN)
b, .a, of{ t)eo 537ngZZZ { via
b, t)e .a, { m4t cGc) tin) c7M ngf( n)ibn
b, t)e .a, { b, t)e b, { n)In 5I,M n)In tiRn
b, far + so sGn) (t)37ng l< so sGn) b}c n)et){"2ng 5U n)en mHn)
b, acci"ent { b, mistaAe { tin) c7M ngf( n)ibn on p(rose
3' jn ] 2Vn tr&ng
In + mont)$,ear
In time for { In goo" time for { vgng gi7 (t)37ng APp l<m giM )si sDm )sn gi7 5| 5Pn) m4t
c)gt)
In t)e street { "3Di l;ng 537ng
In t)e morning$ afternoon$ evening
In t)e past$f(t(re { tr3Dc AiaM trong W(G A)X$ trong t3sng lai
In f(t(re { from no. on { t6 na, trQ 5i
In t)e begining$ en" { at qrst$ last { t)oHt 5]($ rkt c(4c
In t)e .a, { 5 ngang lkiM c)Kn lki
tnce in a .)ile { 5Ti A)iM t)mn) t)oOng
In no time at all { trong n)G, mKtM m4t t)oGng
In t)e mean time { mean.)ile { c2ng lgc
In t)e mi""le of (5Pa 5iUm){ Q gi>a
In t)e arm,$ airforce$ nav,
In + t)e + Saa + ro. { )<ng t)XZZZ
In t)e event t)at { trong tr37ng )8p m<
In case { 5U p);ng A)iM ng4 n)
det$ be in to(c)$ contact .it) Sb { libn lHcM tiBp jgc vDi ai
5' n ] trVn 2Q mItO
tn + t)X trong t(]n$ ng<, trong t)Gng
tn + a$t)e + p)3sng tiRn giao t)Tng { trbn c)(,Bn$ 5| lbn c)(,BnZZZ
tn + p)k { 5Pa c)mZZZ (n)3 &Z` : in + p)k)
tn t)e + Saa + oor { Q t]ng t)XZZZ
tn time { v6a 5gng gi7 (bet c)ep 5iY( AiRn bbn ngo<iM ng)Ea mHn) )sn in time)
tn t)e corner of { Q g?c p)k (gi>a )ai p)k)
*)g ~:
In t)e corner { Q g?c trong
11
3
[t t)e corner { Q g?c ngo<i$ tHi g?c p)k
11
3
tn t)e si"e.alA { pavement { trbn vma )
*)g ~:
tn t)e pavement ([Z`Z){ trbn mnt 537ng n)Va (1ont braAe W(icAl, on t)e
pavement or ,o( can slice into anot)er car)
tn t)e .a, to: trbn 537ng 5Bn on t)e .a, bacA to: trbn 537ng trQ vY
tn t)e rig)t$left
tn aZVZ$ on t)e ra"io
tn t)e p)one$ telep)one { gri 5iRn t)oHiM n?i c)(,Rn 5iRn t)oHi
tn t)e p)one { n)< c? mKc 5iRn t)oHi ([re ,o( on t)e p)one)
tn t)e .)ole{ n?i c)(ngM vY 5Hi t)U
tn t)e ot)er )an" { t(, n)ibn{ )o.ever
*)g ~:
tn t)e one )an" { m4t mnt t)i { on t)e ot)er )an" { mnt A)Gc t)i
(tn t)e one )an"M .e m(st learn t)e basic grammarM an" on t)e
ot)er )an"M .e m(st combine it .it) listening compre)ension)
on sale { for sale { c? bGnM 5U bGn
on sale ([Z`Z){ bGn )H giG { at a "isco(nt (&Z`)
on foot { 5i b4
7' tt ] . tBi
[t + sk n)<
[t + t)7i gian c: t)U
[t )ome$ sc)ool$ .orA
[t nig)t$noon ([Z` : at noon { at t.elve { gi>a tr3a (s)e .as invite" to t)e part, at
noonM b(t s)e .as 15 min(tes late))
[t least { c)l ltM tki t)iU( at most { tki 5a
[t once {nga, l}p tXc
[t present$ t)e moment { no.
*)g ~: 2 t)<n) ng> trbn t3sng 53sng vDi presentl, n)3ng presentl, se A)Gc n)a( vY
ng)Ea nB( n?
5Xng Q cGc vP trl A)Gc n)a( trong cI(:
Sentence + presentl, ({ soon): nga, tXc t)i ( S)e .ill be )ere
presentl,$soon)
Presentl, + sentence ({ [fter.ar"$ an" t)en) : nga, sa( 5? (Presentl,M I
)ear" )er leave t)e room)
S + to be + presentl, + Ving { at present$ at t)e moment ( He is
presentl, .orAing
to.ar" )is P)Z1Z
"egree)
[t times { 5Ti A)iM t)mn) t)oOng
[t qrst { t)oHt 5]( at last { c(ki c2ng
[t t)e beginning of $ at t)e en" ofZZZ { Q 5]($ Q c(ki ("2ng c)o t)7i gian v< 5Pa 5iUm)Z
[t + tbn cGc ng<, lz : at *)ristmasM at a)anAs divingZZZ
-)3ng on + tbn cGc ng<, lz + "a, { on *)ristmas "a, ZZZ
arong "Hng informal `ZM on tr3Dc cGc t)X trong t(]n 5Ti A)i bP l38c bJ: S)e is going to
see )er boss
(on) S(nZ morningZ
[t$in$on t)37ng 538c A)Tng "2ng trong cGc t)<n) ng> c)m t)7i gian A)i c? mnt: nejtM
lastM t)isM t)atM oneM an,M eac)M ever,M someM all
[t + 5Pa 5iUm : at t)e center of t)e b(il"ing
[t + n)>ng 5Pa 5iUm lDn (A)i jem n? n)3 m4t nsi tr(ng c)(,Un )onc gnp g): a)e plane
stoppe" 1 )o(r at #as)ington 1Z*Z before contin(ing on to [tlantaZ
[t + tbn cGc to< n)< lDn (A)i jem n)3 1 )<n) 54ng s jO, ra Q 5? c)X A)Tng 5Y c}p 5Bn
to< n)<) :
a)ere is a goo" movie at t)e *enter a)eaterZ
[t + tbn ribng cGc tL c)Xc: S)e .orAs at Negal deneral Ins(renceZ
[t + tbn ribng nsi cGc tr37ng sQ )onc A)( vVc 5Hi )rc: S)e is st(",ing at t)e
Non"on sc)ool of
`conomicsZ
[t + tbn cGc )oHt 54ng W(i t: t)<n) n)?m: at a part,$ lect(reZZZ
11
8' M<t #D cc thnh ng/ %Png vYi giYi t

tn t)e beac): trbn b7 biUn
[long t)e beac): "rc t)eo b7 biUn
In place of { Instea" of: t)a, c)oM t)a, viZ
'or t)e most part: c)ln) l<M c)= ,B( l< { mainl,Z
11
5
In )ope of + V-ing { Hoping to + V { Hoping t)at + sentence { vDi )i vrng l<Z
o an" on: "ai "ngM tGi )\i
all of a s(""en{ s(""enl, { bng n)ibn
for goo" { forever: vEn) viznM m|i m|iZ
11
5
ao breaA o: c)em "XtM c^t 5XtM 5oHn t(,RtZ
ao bring (p: nb( raM 53a lbn m4t ven 5Y
ao call on: ,b( c]( $ 5Bn t)wm
ao care for: t)lc) $ trTng nomM swn s?c (looA after)
ao c)ecA o(t (of$from) a librar,: m38n sGc) Q t)3 viRn vY
ao c)ecA o(t: 5iY( traM jem jytZ
ao c)ecA o(t (of): l<m t)= t:c 5U ra (A)Gc) sHnM sIn ba,) c)ecA inZ
ao c)ecA ((p) on: 5iY( traM jem jytZ
ao close in (on): tiBn lHi g]nM c)H, lHi g]n
ao come along .it): 5i c2ng vDi
ao co(nt on { "epen" on { rel, on
ao come "o.n .it): mKc p)Oi m4t cwn bRn)
1o a.a, .it) { get ri" of: tkng A)XM loHi bJM tr6 A)9
ao "a. (p { to "raft: soHn t)Oo (m4t AB )oHc)M m4t )8p 5\ng)
ao "rop o(t of { to .it)"ra. from: bJ (5nc biRt l< bJ )rc gi>a c)6ng)
ao qg(re o(t: Hin) "(ng ra 538cM )iU( 538cZ
ao qn" o(t: A)Gm p)G raM p)Gt )iRn raZ
ao get b,: N]n )\i W(a ng<,M skng s?t W(a 538c
ao get t)ro(g) .it): ABt t)gc
ao get t)ro(g) to: t)Tng tin 538c c)o aiM gri 538c c)o (5iRn t)oHi)M tim cGc) l<m
c)o )iU( ao get (p: "},$ tL c)XcZ
ao give (p: bJM t6 bJ
ao go along .it): 5\ng ~ vDi
ao )ol" on to: vfn gi> v>ngM "(, tri
ao )ol" (p: c3Dp $ vfn gi> v>ngM vfn "(, triM vfn skng bin) t)37ngM vfn "2ng
538c (bet
c)ep sXc
yp bbn ngo<i )onc s9 ":ng lI()
ao Aeep on "oing smt: vfn tiBp t:c A)Tng ng6ng l<m gi
ao looA after: trTng nomM swn s?c
ao looA into: 5iY( traM jem jyt
ao pass o(t { to faint: nget (n4i 54ng t6M A)Tng "2ng bP 54ng)
ao picA o(t: c)rn raM lVa raM n)nt ra
ao point o(t: c)m raM vHc) ra
ao p(t o: tri )o|nM 5in) )o|n
ao r(n across: A)Gm p)GM p)Gt )iRn ra (tin) c7)
ao r(n into sb: gnp ai bet ng7
ao see abo(t to: lo lKngM swn s?cM c)H, vH,
ao taAe o: cet cGn) to lan"
ao taAe over for: t)a, t)B c)o
to talA over: b<n soHnM t)Oo l(}n vY
to tr, o(t: t)9 ng)iRmM "2ng t)9 (sOn p)m)
to tr, o(t for: t)9 vaiM t)9 girng (1 vQ APc)M b(Li biU( "izn)
ao t(rn in: giao n4pM 5R trin) $ 5i ng=
ao .atc) o(t for: cOn) giGcM 5U mKtM trTng c)6ng (cO ng)Ea 5en lfn ng)Ea b?ng)
Fg/ <ng
t
v? l< n)>ng 54ng t6 ABt )8p vDi 1M 2 )onc 5Ti A)i 3 giDi t6M A)i ABt )8p Q "Hng n)3 v}, ng>
ng)Ea c=a c)gng t)a, 5Li )n so vDi ng)Ea ban 5](Z
11
!
M<t #D nguUVn t^c th7c hiXn 2i fc
C)Tng bao gi7 538c 5rc v<o b<i 5rc nga,M c]n 5rc v< )iU( cI( )Ji cnn AZ
vrc v< tim c)= 5Y (c)= 5Y c=a cGc b<i 5rc trong at`'N @S nom Q cI( 5](M 5 nom Q cI(
c(kiM 5
c;n lHi rgt ra t6 to<n b<i)
aim cGc) p)In 5oHn (nB( c?) v< tim n4i "(ng c=a t6ng 5oHn
arO l7i cI( )JiM cI( )Ji trong at`'N 538c p)In t)<n) m4t sk loHi n)3 sa(:
*I( )Ji c)= 5Y (+ain aopic (estion)
*I( )Ji jGc 5Pn) lHi (cestatement W(estion) - loHi cI( )Ji "zZ
*I( )Ji p)= 5Pn) (-egative W(estion) - "2ng biRn p)Gp loHi tr6
*I( )Ji s(, l(}n (inference W(estion) - A)? n)et
*I( )Ji 5Y c}p (reference W(estion)
*I( )Ji t6 vVng (Vocab(lar, W(estion)
*I( )Ji s(, 5oGn c)= 5Y A)O "E c=a 5oHn 5rc (tr3Dc )onc sa( 5oHn 5rc 5| c)o) - "Va
v<o cI(
5]( )onc cI( c(ki c=a b<i 5rc (Previo(s$ 'ollo.ing aopic W(estion)Z

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Giáo Trình Luyện Thi Toeic

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Copyright:

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1

GIO TRNH LUYN THI TOEIC

)' "&ul% have \ 4

If I" )ave Ano.nM I" )ave tol" ,o(Z

If abo(t to go on a long uo(rne,M tr, to )ave a goo" nig)ts sleep

- \ 1 \ +aramuch \ t%nat%ver \ than \ n&una:r&n&un

Ex: In t)e "oor.a, stoo" a man .it)

8' M<t #D cc thnh ng/ %Png vYi giYi t

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