ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author herby acknowledges the contribution of all personnel who

were instrumental in the completion of this research. Particular mention must be

made of Caribbean ESCo. Ltd., for their consultancy services in conducting the

2008 energy audit of Northern Caribbean University, and for being instrumental

in this investigation. Special thanks to Dr. Andrea Baldwin, my thesis advisor, for

her tremendous support and guidance. Thanks to my family for their constant

support and most importantly, thanks to God for helping me to undertake and

complete this study.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Figures and Illustrations……………………………………………………… iv

List of Tables …………………………………………………………………………v

Chapter

I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………….. 1

Background to the study ……….……………………………............. 1

Statement of the problem ……………………………………………. 2
Purpose of Research ………………………………………………… 2
Research Questions …………………………………………………. 2
Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………2
Significance of the study …………………………………………......5
Delimitations …………………………………………………………5
Limitations ………………………………………………………....... 6
Key Terms & Definitions …………………………………………….
6
Organization of study ………………………………………………...7
Summary …………………………………………………………….. 7

II. LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………………………….. 8

Introduction ………………………………………………………… 8
The Global Energy Crisis …………………………………………....
9
The Future of Renewable Energy Technologies……………………...11
Renewable vs Alternative Energy.……………………....................... 11
The Importance of Energy Efficiency …………….………………… 12
The Purpose of Energy Management Systems ……………………… 13

Examples of Successful Energy Management ……………………….14

Summary …………………………………………………………….. 18

III. METHODOLGY…….…………………………………………………… 19

Overview ……...……………………………………………………...19
Research Design …………………………...…………………………20
Instrumentation ……………………………………………………… 20

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Data Collection ……………………………………………………… 20
Research Questions…………………………………………………...21
Data Analysis ………......……………………………………………. 21

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 IV. DATA ANALYSIS ………………………………………………………. 22

Overview ……………………………………………………………..22
Answer to Research Question 1 …………… ………………………..22
Answer to Research Question 2 ….……………….………………….24

V. OVERVIEW, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND

IMPLICATIONS……..………….…...................................................... 27

Overview …………………………………...…………………...........27
Conclusions ….……………………………………………………….28
Recommendations ……………………………………………………28
Implications …………………………………………………………..
48

APPENDIX

1. Supporting figures for energy consumption, NCU…………………... 52

2. Supporting tables for energy consumption, NCU…………..………...60

REFERENCE LIST..………...………………………………………………………. 65

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 LIST OF FIGURES and ILLUSTRATIONS

1a. Conceptual Framework for Energy Management ……………………3

1b. Breakdown of Electricity and Water Costs .………………………….23

2. Diamond Model of Energy Management Advantage ……………….. 29

3. Components of an Energy Management System…………………….. 37

4. Map Outlining Proposed Water Harvesting System Layout …………42

5. Monthly Electricity Use Profile ………………………..………….... 52

6. Base Year Electricity Use Profile ………………………..………….. 53

7. NWC Water Consumption Profile …………………………………... 54

8. Estimated Breakdown of End Use Electricity Cost ….……………… 55

9. Estimated End Use kVA Demand Breakdown………...…………….. 56

10. World GDP Growth and Fossil Fuel Consumption …………………. 57

11. Energy Management Matrix ………………………………………… 58

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 LIST OF TABLES

1. Comparative Utility Cost of Tropical Zone

Universities with NCU .........................................................................24

2. NCU Energy Management Matrix …………………………………...26

3. Power Factor Correction …………………………………………….. 31

4. Operation and Maintenance Improvements ………..………………... 33

5. Air Conditioner Refrigerant Retrofit Project Summary ……………...34

6. Lighting Improvements Project Summary …………………………...35

7. Install a Computerized Energy Management System ……………….. 35

8. Solar Water Heating System …………………………………………38

9. Foam Coating of Roofs …………………….…………………….…..40

10. Building Perimeter and Surface Area ……………………………….. 43

11. Summary of Water Harvesting Calculations ………....……………... 44

12. Table of Costs for Water Harvesting System………………………... 45

13. Base Year Electricity Use Data …………...………………………….60

14. Base Year Electricity Use Summary………………………………….61

15. Monthly Electricity Use Summary and Recommended

Benchmark ........................................................................................... 61

16. Historical Water Consumption and Costs ……………………………62

17. Estimated Electricity End Use ………………………………………. 63

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