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Chapter 2 Section 1 Outline

I. Ecology
Organism depends on other organisms and nonliving factors in their
environment for survival.
Ecology the scientific discipline in which the relationships among living
organisms and the interaction the organism have with their environment are
studied
Ecologists, observe experiment, and model using a variety of tools and methods.
II. The Biosphere
Biosphere the portion of the earth that supports life.
Land, water & the lower part of the atmosphere.
A. Biotic Factors
Biotic Factors living factors in a organisms environment
Interactions among organism are necessary for the survival of species.
B. Abiotic Factors
Abiotic factors nonliving factors in a organisms environment
Temp, moisture, soil, and sunlight.
III. Levels of Organization
The biosphere is too large and too complex to study as a whole.
Ecologists divined the biosphere into level of organization to study.
Levels of organization;
Organism
Population
Biological community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
Levels increase in complexity as the numbers and interactions between
organisms increase.
A. Organisms, populations, and biological communities
Lowest level of organization is a individual organism.
Organisms of a single species that share the same location at the same time
make up a Population
Biological Community group of interacting populations that occupy the
same geographic area at one time
B. Ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere
Ecosystem a biological community & all of the abiotic factors that affect it
Biome large group of ecosystems that share the same climate & have
similar types of communities
IV. Ecosystem Interactions
Habitat area where an organism lives
Niche roll or position a organisms has in its environment
V. Community Interactions
A. Competition
Occurs when one or more organisms uses a resource at the same time
Competition is stronger when resource are scarce
B. Predation
Predation act of one organism pursuing and consuming another organism
for food
Organism that pursues the other is the predator the organism being pursued
is the prey.
C. Symbiotic relationships
Symbiosis close relationship that exists when two or more species live
together
Three types of symbiosis;
Mutualism both organism benefit
Commensalism one organism benefits, the other is neither helped
nor harmed
Parasitism one organism benefits at the expense of the other