1.

Assessing preventive effectiveness in Public Health involves all except one of the
following:
A. Evaluation of the disease and injury prevention activities including their medical
legal ethical and economical impacts
!. "easuring efficacy safety and cost
#. $mproving the health at a reasonable cost not merely to contain cost
D. Ensuring implementation of preventive program, safety and cost
E. #ontaining %uantitative analysis of health outcomes resulting from preventive
practices
&. Assessing the effectiveness of preventive activities ta'es into account all except one of
the following:
A. Efficiency
!. Containing cost
#. (afety
). #ost
E. $mproving health status at a reasonable cost
*. "odelling methods in preventive effectiveness include all except:
A. Econometric modelling
B. )ecision modelling
C. (imulation modelling
D. +perational modelling
E. Cost saving modelling
,. Preventive effectiveness research facilities is used for the following except:
A. !etter decision ma'ing
!. !etter allocation of resources
#. Programmatic decision
D. a
E. aaaa
-. Preventive effectiveness methods are used to explain all except:
A. Health related burden and cost
!. Effectiveness and efficiency of health protection health promotion and disease
prevention programmes
C. Health system performance and programmes
). Health programme prioriti.ation based on optimi.ation modelling
E. Health system performance
1
/. Expressing the result of the cost benefit analysis in purely monetary terms ma'es it
possible to compare the following except:
A. )ifferent persons have different outcomes
B. Burden of disease
#. Health programmes to non0health programmes
). 1he identification of all resources re%uirement 2cost and benefit of an intervention or
programme3
E. )issimilar programmes
4. 1he major limitation of the cost benefit analysis is the empirical different associated with
assessing monetary value in health issues:
A. Extending human life
B. $mproving health
C. Improving quality of life and ensuring programme effectiveness
D. 5educing health ris'
E. $mproving %uality of life
6. #ost benefit analysis is used when the measurement of benefit in monetary terms has all
except:
A. $nformation re%uired is difficult to determined
!. 7hen any attempt to ma'e a precise monetary measurement of benefit would be
strictly restructured
#. 7hen any attempt to ma'e a precise monetary measurement of benefit would lead to
open considerable dispute
D. Monetary measurement of enefit !ould need time to get required information
E. $mpossible to measure
8. 1he following are examples of cost benefit analysis except:
A. Amount !illing to pay for consultation"medication fees
!. Amount willing to pay to prevent death
#. Amount willing to pay to reduce exposure to ha.ard
). Amount willing to pay to reduce pains
E. Amount willing to pay to eliminate pains
19. $ndirect cost from the perspective of society as a whole include the following except:
A. :oss of earning
B. #oss of $o
#. :oss of productivity
). :oss of leisure due to illness
E. :oss of travel to hospital
11. 1he following are intangible cost except:
A. #ost of pain
!. #ost of stress
#. #ost of worrying or other distress a patient;s family might suffer
D. Cost of medication
E. #ost of ha.ards
&
1&. )irect medical cost arises directly from the following except:
A. )iagnosis
B. )rug therapy
C. "edical care
D. $n0patient treatment
E. %ains and !orries
1*. )irect non0medical cost arises from the conse%uences of disease and treatment of the
following except:
A. #ost of special food recommended by medical doctor
!. 1ransport cost
#. #are givers services cost
). #ost of loss of productivity
E. Cost of disease
1,. 1he benefit we expect from an intervention may be measured in natural unit in the
following except:
A. <ears of life saved
!. (tro'e prevented
C. &ears of live saved and drug saved
). Peptic ulcer healed
E. #ases averted
1-. =tility estimates can be obtained through direct measurement using all the following
techni%ues except one:
A. 'atio scale
!. 1ime trade off
#. (tandard gambles
). $mputed them from the literature or expert opinion
E. :ife weight table
1/. $f a treatment increase one>s life expectancy by & years but cures adverse effects or
inconveniences such that one>s %uality of life or utility are decreased by &-?. (o the net
gain is:
A. 9.-
!. &-
#. 1-9
D. (.)
E. A@ !
14. 1he following are examples of cost effectiveness analysis except:
A. #ost per life years gained
!. #ost per patient cured
C. Cost per drug saved
). #ost per life saved
E. #ost per case averted
*
=se the following to answer %160&1.
1reatment A estimate survival time is ten yearsA estimated %uality of life 2relative to perfect
health state is B 9.43. 7ithout treatment CAD estimate survival time is -yearsA the estimated
%uality of life 2relative to perfect health is B 9.-3.#onsider the cost of treatment to be E16 999B
16. 7hat is the FA:< with treatment AG
A. 19.4
!. 19.9
#. 9.4
). 8.*
E. *.+
18. 7hat is the FA:< without A
A. -.-
!. -.9
#. 9.-
D. ,.)
E. ,.-
&9. 7hat is the FA:< gainedG
A. 8.-
!. 14.-
C. -.)
). 4.9
E. &.-
&1. 7hat is the cost per FA:<G
A. &-41.,&6/
!. 4&99
C. -,+++
). &-41,.&6/
E. */999
&&. 1he following are measurements of health outcomes except one:
A. Eatural unit
B. #ife years saved
#. =tility value
). "onetary
E. Eatural units @ monetary
&*. 1he following are cost outcome comparism:
A. #ost per outcome unit
B. Cost of intervention
#. #ost per FA:<
). Eet costs
E. #ost per treatment
,
&,. 1he following except one are methods of economic evaluation of health:
A. #ost minimi.ation analysis
B. Cost satisfaction analysis
#. #ost Effectiveness analysis
). #ost =tility analysis
E. #ost !enefit analysis
&-. Eon0monetary unit of cost effectiveness analysis are the following except:
A. <ears of life gained
B. &ears of life gained and cost of intervention
#. Hospital days prevented
). #linical parameters such as response rate or remission rates reduction in cholesterol
E. A @ )
&/. =tilities can be determined in all the following ways except:
A. 5an' scale
B. 'atio scale
#. (tandard gamble
). 1ime trade off
E. Psychometric scale procedures
&4. Economically oriented outcome measures are the following except:
A. Hospital days
B. Days of incapacity from !or.
#. :oss of productivity @ income resulting from premature death @ illness
). :oss of productivity resulting from illness @ premature death
E. :oss of productivity from premature death
&6. #linical outcome parameters include all of the following except:
A. Physiological parameters
!. !iochemical parameters
#. "ortality parameters
D. Case averted parameters
E. "orbidity parameters
&8. Allocative efficiency is aboutA
A. 1he best way to achieve a given outcome
B. /he est !ay to minimi0ed total enefit !ithin a given udget
#. !eing aware that everyone is allocated a fair share
). (pending as much of an allocated budget as possible
E. !est possible way to achieve outcome
-
*9. 1he following except one are advantage of cost per FA:< league tables:
A. 5evealed opportunity cost
B. Investment type prolems are addressed
#. #ommon currency unit are used
). #omparism across diseases is possible
E. #onsiders length @ %uality of life
*1. 1he following except one are the tools used to aid decision ma'ing in economic
evaluation methods
A. Cost outcome analysis
!. #ost minimi.ation analysis
#. #ost effectiveness analysis
). #ost utility analysis
E. #ost benefit analysis
*&. 1he following are attributes of cost evaluation analysis except:
A. #onse%uences are measured in the most appropriate natural and Physiological
B. 1atural, physiological and monetary units
#. #onse%uences are measured interms of years of life gained
). $t depends on objectives of intervention
E. $t involves comparability among interventions
**. 1he following are attributes of cost !enefit analysis except:
A. Halues conse%uence interms of monetary 2same unit as cost3
!. $ntervention can be valued absolutely
#. Examine whether the benefits out weight the cost
D.
E. %otentially roadest and !idely used form of evaluation
*,. 1he following are attributes of cost utility analysis except:
A. #onse%uences are measured in time units adjusted by health utility weight
!. (tate of health are valued relative to one another
C. Common currency enales comparison of alternatives
). $ncludes both %uantity of %uality of life
E. "orbidity as well as mortality are considered
*-. 1he following are ways in which economic evaluation methods aid decision except:
A. 1he most technically efficient way to achieve an objective
!. 1he cost per unit of outcome without valuing different outcomes
#. 7hether or not an intervention is worthwhile
). 2hether or not an intervention is cost saving
E. #an provide a framewor' for priority setting
/
*/. Haddix 1entsh and #orso 2&99*3 recorded that programme evaluation use time that is
long enough to account for the following except one:
A. (easonal variation in cost or outcome
!. Programme start0up and ongoing cost
#. An H$H preventive program that last for two months
). Achievement of a relatively stable outcome
E. 3easonal variations in the intervention
*4. $n general four factors influence the time period for which relevant programme cost
should be collected. 1he choosing time period must be long enough to satisfied the
following except:
A. 4serve programme effectiveness
!. Avoid capturing only circle of pattern in cost 2e.g. cost by seasonal effects3
#. +bserve programme implementations
). #ollect both start0up cost and ongoing costs and
E. +bserve stable implementation costs as proposed by 2 Haddix #orso and Ior'y
&99*3
=se the table below for cost effectiveness of four programmes targeting the same ris' factor for
health condition and answer %uestions *60,9. 1he available budget is E1-9 999B and e%uity
concern dictates that every participant in the target population receive the intervention
Programme 1otal Programme cost Eo. +f cases averted Average cost
A E1&-999B 19 1&-99B
! E199999B 1- /.//4B
# E4-9999B -9 1-999B
) E1999999B 199 19999B
*6. 7hich of the following programmes provide the greatest effectivenessG
A. A
B. B
#. #
). )
E. A @ !
*8. 7hich of the following programmes is least cost effectiveG
A. A
!. !
#. #
). )
E. A @ !
4
,9. 7hich of the following programmes is not affordableG
A. A
!. !
#. #
). )
E. C 5 D
,1. )uring health education intervention when the prescribed treatment is deliberate act the
intervention is referred:
A. Patient acceptance
!. Patient adoption
C. %atient counselling
). Patient education
E. Hiable treatment option
,&. Elements of perception include those mention below except:
A. $nterpretation related to current event
B. 6ndisclosed feelings of the patient
#. (ymbols used to depict the cycle of infection
). )etailed experience of the child>s mother
E. 1raditional concept of the aetiology
,*. 1he concept and scope of public health education practice in 7est African is deeply
rooted in:
A. Jamily history of an individual
B. 3ocio7ehavioural pattern of the population
#. Health policy
). "edical history of the individual
E. !ehavioural diagnosis of the individual
,,. +rganisational level in Health education intervention includes the following except:
A. Jactory wor'ers at #oca0cola bottling company
!. "anagement staff of a =niversity 1eaching Hospital
#. "edical wor'ers at any PH# level
D. #evels of %HC covered y health insurance policy
E. Iroup of wor'ers in a %uarry industry
,-. Attitudinal diagnosis Caims at achieving the following except:
A. %redicting the organisms related to the patient8s attitude and the level of the
disease
!. Predicting the probability of the patient>s compliance with therapy
#. Assessing the level of the patient>s bias to prescribed drugs including the cost of
therapy
). 5ating the elements hidden in the habits
E. Evaluating the individual patient>s by using the :ic'ert scale of disease
6
,/. 1he provision of 6-? of the vaccines as re%uested by the community for E$) is an
example of fulfilling the 0 0 0 0 0 of the health team:
A. Health education objectives
!. Health status objectives
#. Health education needs
). Health intervention needs
E. Health services o$ectives
,4. 7hich of the following is not true of behavioural diagnosis of a patientG
A. 1end to compliment clinical diagnosis
B. /end to delay immediate enefit of treatment
#. 5eveals deep sentiments of the patient which may or may nor may not be related to
the clinical symptoms
). Allow for the attitudinal chec' on the individual
E. $t is not feasible in the crisis situation
,6. 7hich of the following is not health education theory or modelG
A. Health belief models
!. (tages of change theory
#. 1heory of reasoned action
D. Maslo!8s hierarchy of needs theory
E. )iffusion of innovation theory
,8. $n health education intervention behavioural changes mean only one of the following:
A. Acceptance or rejection of health message
B. Jocus on individual health outcome
C. Hery rapid Cturn aroundD in patient>s behaviour
D. 3hifts in specific health haits !hich could result in positive or negative
outcomes
E. "ajor changes in the level of understanding
-9. 1he measure of the impact of health education on an individual includes the following
except:
A. $ncrease awareness of the cause of infection
B. 9no!ledge of the factors related to the environment
#. 5igid belief in the health practices
). (ome understanding of the roles of family members
E. Expressed feelings about the concerns of others
-1. 7hich of the following is not consistent with a process of patient>s counsellingG
A. #orrecting misconception about infection
!. 1a'es place at the first point of see'ing health care
C. Allo!ing the fle:iility and choice of action
). +btaining acceptance of the treatment options
E. )etermines immediate outcome2s3 of intervention
8
-&. #ounselling consist of the following 'ey steps except:
A. )evelopment of rapport with the patient
!. )etection of client>s needs
#. $dentification of factors contributing to problems
). Ieneration of potential alternative solution
E. Advising client8s on the options to choose
-*. 1he following are health education methods except:
A. 5ole play
!. )emonstration
#. (tory telling
D. 3teps to ehavioural changes
E. !rain storming
-,. 7hich of the following is not a non0behavioural factor that brings about a health
problemG
A. !iological agent
!. #hemical agent
C. Attitudinal factors
). Hereditary factors
E. 1echnological factors
--. (ome of the benefit of community mobili.ation include the following:
A. $ncrease community individual and group capacity to identify and satisfy their needs
!. $mprove programme design
#. $t is not a cost effective way to achieve sustainable results
D. Improve programme quality
E. $ncrease community ownership of the programme
-/. 1he role of community mobiliser includes the following exceptG
A. !ringing people together
!. Encouraging participation
#. !uilding trust in people
D. Ma.ing things to run according to the !ay he !ants it
E. Jacilitating discussions and decision ma'ing
-4. 1he degree of community participation include all the following except:
A. #ollective action
!. #o0operation
#. #o0learning
D. All of the aove
E. Eone of the above
19
-6. 7hat are the common ways we communicate among ourselves and with othersG
A. 1hrough spo'en words
!. 1hrough visual images
C. /hrough sign language
). 1hrough written words
E. 1hrough body languages
-8. 1he following are types of communication process
A. )ownward communication
!. :ateral or hori.ontal communication
#. =pward communication
D. All of the aove
E. Eone of the above
/9. 7hich of the following is not a barrier to communication processG
A. $nappropriate medium
!. Poor listening s'ills
#. Assumptions @ misconceptions
D. ;uite environment
E. :anguage differences
/1. $n assessment of performance of health system which of the following represent a core
performance goalG
A. #ommunity Participation
!. E%uity
#. $ntegration
D. <inancial ris. protection
E. Efficiency
/&. $n assessment of performance of health system which of the following is not an
intermediate performance goalG
A. Access
!. E%uity
C. Consumer satisfaction
). Fuality
E. Efficiency
/*. 1he following statements are true about health sector reform:
A. $t is a sustained effort to improve health system performance
!. $t is a sustained rapid effort to developed health system
C. It is a sustained purposeful effort to improve the health system performance
). $t has only factor as triggers
E. $t is relevant to only health systems in developing countries
11
/,. 7hich of the following falls under classification of health system reform except:
A. :ittle 1 reform
!. #onvenient reform
C. Big ' reform
). (ystematic reform
E. 5ational reform
/-. Health system reform can be triggered by the following except:
A. Economic crisis
!. =nhappy interest group
#. Political crisis
). External pressure
E. 1atural disaster
//. 1he following are major control of health system reform except:
A. +rgani.ation
!. 5egulation
#. Payment system
). Jinancing
E. Human resource
/4. 1he following countries have experience health system reform involving more than one
control 'nob except:
A. #hile
!. (outh Africa
C. Denmar.
). Kambia
E. #olumbia
/6. 7hich of the following countries experienced health system reform involving one control
'nobG
A. #hile
!. #hina
#. Poland
). All of the above
E. 1one of the aove
/8. 7hich of the following is a major function of health care financingG
A. 5evenue Estimation
!. 5evenue +peration
#. E%uity
). #ultural acceptability
E. 'evenue pooling
1&
49. 7hich of the following is a not public or %uasi financing optionG
A. )onor financing
!. (ocial $nsurance
C. 6ser fees
). )eficit financing
E. Earmar'ed taxes
41. 7hich of the following is true about millennium declarationG
A. It is a 2H4 declaration for strengthening health system
!. $t is a =E declaration for sustainable development
#. $t has a total of 6 goals 16 targets and ,6 indicators
). 1hree of the goals are directly health related
E. 1he targets are to be achieved by the year &91-
4&. #oncerning some global and regional declaration which of the statements is not trueG
A. Addis Aaa declaration has to do !ith strategy for ensuring equity in health
care
!. Paris declaration has to do with harmoni.ation and mutual accountability of donor
funds
#. Algiers declaration was on health system research
). Abuja declaration is on "alaria H$H @ A$)( and other infectious diseases
E. +uagadougou declaration was on strengthening PH# system
4*. 7hich of the following is not a parastatal under J"+HG
A. 1ational %harmaceutical 'esearch Institute =1A%'I>
!. Eational $nstitute for "edical 5esearch 2E$"53
#. Eational Health $nsurance (cheme 2EH$(3
). Eational Action #ommittee on A$)( 2EA#A3
E. Eational Action on Joods )rug Administration and #ontrol 2EAJ)A#3
4,. #oncerning the current EPH#)A Kones which of the following is not trueG
A. 1he Eorth 7est .one is in Lano
B. 3outh 2est ?one is in #agos
#. 1he Eorth East Kone is located in !auchi
). 1he Eorth #entral Kone is located in "inna
E. 1he (outh (outh Kone is located in !enin
4-. 7H+ identified the following as a re0emerging disease:
A. !ubonic plague
!. +nchocerciasis
#. African 1rypanosomiasis
D. Diphtheria
E. Pertussis
1*
4/. $n relation to speciality of community medicine:
A. Public health is synonymous with the discipline community medicine
!. Primary Health care is a sub0speciality in the discipline community medicine
#. Preventive and social medicine is an older name of the discipline but actually implies a
more limited approach to the discipline
D. %reventive medicine !as a pulic approach to the health services largely !ith the
speciality of internal medicine
E. All specialities of medicine are involved in direct PH#
44. $n relation to community medicine which of the following is not trueG
A. PH# is basically a modern management approach
!. #ommunity medicine is the utmost approach to the prevention of disease
#. #ommunity medicine is impossible without community nursing @ midwifery
D. /he practice of pulic health is !ider in conte:t than community medicine
E. 1he utmost practice of community medicine occurs within the office of "+H
46. #oncerning demography which of these is falseG
A. Maternal Mortality ratio is a true inde: of community health care
!. #ontraception has contributed greatly to the ageing of population problem in many
technologically advanced countries
#. "ost developing countries have population pyramid with a broad base
). A high dependency ratio can be the fate of both young and ageing population
E. )emographic transition refers to how population tend to grow through the individual
development in any given society
48. All of the following are recogni.ed functions of morality except:
A. (ocial contact
!. )evine command
#. Eatural law
D. Criminal la!
E. $ndividual insight
69. )eath of a foetus before &9
th
wee's of gestation is:
A. (till birth
!. Perinatal death
C. 3pontaneous aortion
). Eeonatal death
E. $nfant mortality
1,
61. Joetal infant death between &6
th
wee' gestation and 1 wee' postnatal with weight greater
-99grams is:
A. $nfant "ortality
B. %erinatal Mortality
#. Eeonatal mortality
). (pontaneous abortion
E. Post0neonatal mortality
6&. +ne of the following is a true statement regarding screening for childhood anaemia:
A. 3creening programmes are considered cost effective for targeted population
!. (creening programmes are not considered cost effective in any population
#. (creening programme currently do not exist
). (creening programme for targeted population exist but the cost effectiveness of the
programme is controversial
E. (creening programme is not re%uired
6*. "easures used to access protein energy malnutrition in the community are as follows except:
A. Actual height as percentage of ideal
!. Plasma Mserum albumin
#. Hisible clinical features
). )ietary assessment
E. Metaolic studies
6,. Eutrient re%uired in infants is affected by:
A. 7eight of the mother
B. Age of the infant
#. :evel of activity of the mother
). Irowth pattern
E. (ex of the child
6-. 1he food rich in beta0carotene:
A. #itrus fruits
B. &ello! fruits
#. Hegetables
). !eans
E. "il'
6/. 1he actions involved in the essential drug programmes include the following except:
A. 5ational procurement of drug
B. 'ational distriution of drug
#. 5ational prescription of drugs
). 5ational selection of essential drugs
E. 5ational use of drug
1-
64. =tili.ation of health services depends largely on the following except:
A. Appropriateness of the services
!. #ost of receiving a care
#. (atisfaction received
). Attitude of care provider
E. B 5 C only
66. (ignificant phases in policy process include the following except:
A. Agenda setting
B. Community meeting
#. Policy adoption
). :egislation
E. # @ ) only
68. 5egarding H$HMA$)( in Eigeria:
A. Current prevalence is -.@
!. #urrent prevalence is -.9
#. Eigeria has the highest prevalence rate in (ub0(aharan Africa
). +nly H$H0& exist in Eigeria
E. 1he first case was reported in 1868
89. 1he following methods of H$HMA$)( control are primary preventive measures:
A. #ontact tracing
!. Holuntary #ounselling @ 1esting
C. %revention of Mother /o Child /ransmission
). (urveillance
E. Prevention of +pportunistic infections
81. Post Exposure prophylaxis against H$H infection should ideally be commenced:
A. 7ithin 19min of exposure
B. As soon as possile after e:posure
#. 1o achieve maximum benefit &,04&hrs after exposure
). * days to * wee's after exposure
E. !efore exposure for high ris' persons
8&. Eatural increase rate:
A. $s an example of specific rate
B. Is an e:ample of crude rate
#. $s used to compare population sub0groups
). =sed the median population as the denominator
E. )oes not re%uire a constant
1/
8*. #oncerning death registration the following are true except:
A. 1he precision of dead certificate increases with decreasing age of the deceased
!. 1he precision of dead certificate diminishes with increasing age of the deceased
C. /he precision of death certificate has no relation !ith age of the deceased
). 1erms li'e heart failure should not be used
E. 1he certified cause of death should not be an arbitrary opinions
8,. 1he most sensitive mortality statistics is:
A. Jatality rate
!. "aternal mortality ratio
C. Infant Mortality 'ate
). #rude !irth 5ate
E. Eeonatal "ortality 5ate
8-. 1he contraindication to breast feeding is:
A. "astitis
!. Acute leprosy
#. Pregnancy
D. 3evere %ost7partum psychosis
E. "alnutrition in mother
8/. Health education may often fail due to communication barrier between the educator and the
community such as the following except:
A. Attitude of the education
!. Emotional disturbance
#. A previous bad experience of communication
D. 3ocial class difference
E. )ifficulties in hearing
84. #ounselling:
A. $s the same as advising
!. $s not an integral part of all health programmes
C. Can improve motivation to change ehaviour
). "ust be voluntary
E. $s not necessary confidential
86. 7hich of the following isMare the agreed indicators for measuring the progress regarding
")I -G
A. "aternal "ortality 5ate
!. Proportion of birth attended by s'illed professional
#. Proportion of pregnant women who received AE# from s'illed professionals
). All of the above
E. 4nly B 5 C
14
88. 7hich of the following is true regarding interventions needed to reduce maternal mortality in
7est0AfricaG
A. 1as' shifting between higher and lower levels of maternal care service delivery personnel
should be practice
!. Jocal AE# services should be operationali.ed so as to detect and prevent most serious
obstetrics complications
#. $n rural areas with few orthodox health wor'ers 1!As should be trained to improved
their child development s'ill
D. All of the aove
E. +nly A @ !
199. #ontraceptive prevalence rate as a conventional measure of fertility related behaviour refers
to:
A. Percentage of currently married women aged 1-0,8years using contraceptive
!. Percentage of all women aged 1-0,8years currently using contraceptive
C. %ercentage of all se:ually active !omen aged ()7-Ayears currently using
contraceptives
). Percentage of non0married aged 1-0,8years currently using contraceptive
E. Percentage of all sexually active men and women aged 1-0,8years currently using
contraceptive
191. Ley elements in the provision of s'illed attendants for child birth in a health care system
include the following:
A. 1raining nurses in emergency obstetric care
!. (upply of drugs an e%uipment
#. Establishment of a Fuality Assurance (ystem
). All of the above
E. 4nly A 5 B
19&. 7hich of the following is JA:(E regarding reproductive health as an aspect of public
healthG
A. Conceptually, reproductive health emraces the !hole field of maternal health, ut
only part of population and family planning
!. 5eproductive health embraces the social aspect of reproduction as well as chronic
conditions of the reproductive tract
#. $#P) programme of action has the aim of ensuring universal access to 5eproductive
health services by &91-
). Eone of the above is false
E. !oth A @ # are false
16
19*. 7hich of the following isMare not true regarding health and the ")I>sG
A. Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy as an indicator
!. Health related target for ")I , is to reduce by N of infant deaths between 18890&91-
#. H$H prevention among women 1-0&,years is one of the measures of success regarding
goal /
). All of the above
E. 4nly A 5 C
19,. 7hich of the following is not true regarding the use of correlation in a statistical testG
A. Pearson>s correlation can be used to assess association between two continuous variable
B. /he correlation coefficient is affected y the unit of measurement
#. 1he s%uare of the correlation coefficient gives the proportion of the variation of the one
variable CexplainedD by the other
). 1he correlation coefficient should not be used if the relation is non0linear
E. 1he correlation coefficient should be used with caution in the presence of outliers
19-. 7hich of the following isMare are possible approaches to measuring maternal mortalityG
A. #ensus
!. Household surveys
#. Herbal autopsy
). All of the above
E. 4nly B 5 C
19/. 7hich of the following is the most ideal way for measuring maternal mortalityG
A. $ndirect (isterhood method
B. Essential 4stetrics care
#. #ivil registration method
). Household survey
E. 5eproductive age mortality study
194. $n 7est0African sub0region which of the following constitute the best way to measure
maternal mortality at Eational :evelG
A. $ndirect (isterhood method
B. Essential 4stetrics Care
#. #ivil 5egistration
). Household survey
E. 5eproductive age mortality study
18
196. 7hich of the following isMare not true regarding the use of sisterhood method for measuring
maternal mortality rateG
A. $t identifies pregnancy related death rather than maternal death
!. 1he direct method re%uire smaller sample si.e than the indirect
#. $t provides retrospective rather than a current mortality estimate
). A @ !
E. B 5 C
198. 7hich of the following isMare evidence based Cfamily and community careD level
intervention for promoting the health of mothers and newborn at postnatal stageG
A. Promotion of demand for %uality s'illed care
!. 5ecognition of danger sign
#. 7ater sanitation @ hygiene
). All of the above
E. A 5 B only
119. <our team intend to conduct a population based study on family health in local community
near your hospital using %uestionnaire. $n order to reduce possible survey error which of the
following will be importantG
A. #alculate appropriate sample si.e using the statistical approach
B. 6se a doule data entry approach to improve quality
#. #alculate female0male ratio of various ages during analysis to assess data %uality
). All of the above
E. A @ #
111. 7hich of the following is not a proximate determinant of fertilityG
A. Jamily planning use
!. Age at first marriage
#. Age at first sexual intercourse
D. #ength of post7partum amenorrhea
E. All of the above are proximate fertility determinants
11&. A young girl presented to you in the clinic. <our history shows that she is 1*years. +n
examination you found that she has straight hair along her labia and enlargement of breast with
no mound. 7hich of the following isMare trueG
A. Early adolescent using 7H+ chronological criteria is 1901,years
!. $n terms of pubic hair she is in stage & of her puberty development using 1anner staging
#. $n terms of breast development she is in 1anner stage *
D. All of the aove are true
E. +nly A @ # are true
&9
11*. $n conducting a research among early adolescent which of the following should be done
ideallyG
A. $nformed consent should be obtained from both parent and adolescent
!. $nformed consent should be obtained from parents and assent from the adolescent
#. Assent should be obtained from the parent and informed consent from the adolescent
). Permission should be obtained from the parent and assent from the adolescent
E. %ermission should e otained from the parent and informed consent from the
adolescent
11,. 5egarding the development of adolescent which of the following isMare trueG
A. Adolescent is best regarded universally as age group 19018years
!. +ne of the 'ey tas' in adolescent is establishing sense of identity
#. Parental0adolescent conflicts are more li'ely to occur in late adolescence compared to
other periods of adolescent
). All of the above
E. B 5 C only
11-. 7hich of the following isMare true regarding adolescent development processG
A. $t is influenced by environment
!. $t is triggered through participation
#. $t is even for each individual although uneven between individuals
). All of the above
E. A 5 B only
11/. 5egarding pubertal development in adolescent:
A. Adrenarche starts earlier in females compared to males
!. "enarche is the earliest pubertal sign in female and precede menarche
C. Early changes in males are less visile in males compared to females
). All the above are true of adolescent pubertal development
E. +nly A @ # are true regarding adolescent pubertal development
114. 7hich is the correct se%uence of pubertal development in malesG
A. Irowth of testicles growth of penis and scrotum pubic hair appearance axillary hair
B. Bro!th of testicles, puic hair appearance, gro!th of penis and scrotum, a:illary
hair
#. Irowth of the testicles pubic hair appearance axillary hair growth of penis and scrotum
). Irowth of penis and scrotum growth of testicles pubic hair appearance axillary hair
E. Irowth of penis and scrotum pubic hair appearance growth of the testicles axillary hair
&1
116. 7hich is the correct se%uence of pubic development in femalesG
A. Breast ud appearance, puic hair appearance, maturing of reast, a:illary hair,
menarche
!. !reast bud appearance maturation of breast pubic hair appearance axillary hair
#. Pubic hair appearance breast bud appears maturity of breast axillary hair menarche
). !reast bud appears menarche pubic hair appearances maturing of breast axillary hair
E. !reast bud appears maturing of breast pubic hair appearances axillary hair menarche
118. A young girl presents to you in your clinic. <our history shows that she is 1*years. +n
examination you found that she has straight hair along her labia and enlargement of breast with
no mound. 7hich of the following isMare trueG
A. Early adolescent using 7H+ chronological criteria is 1901,years
!. $n terms of pubic hair she is in stage & of her puberty development using 1anner staging
#. $n terms of breast development she is in 1anner stage *
D. All of the aove are true
E. +nly A @ # are true
1&9. 7hich of the following are true about emotional development of adolescentG
A. "ales are as li'ely as females to experience depression
!. Adolescent have heightened sensitivity to criticism
#. Adolescents may experience extreme emotional fluctuation with a short period of time
). All of the above are true
E. 4nly B 5 C are true
1&1. $n terms of cognitive development:
A. Adolescent thin' more correctly than children
!. Adolescent do not engage in much logical thin'ing
#. Adolescents are idealistic in their thin'ing
D. All of the Aove are true
E. +nly A @ # are true
1&&. 1he * leading conditions among young people with regards to years lost to disability areG
A. Eeuropsychiatric disorders sexual and reproductive health problem unintentional
injuries
!. 1europsychiatric disorders, unintentional in$uries, infectious and parasitic diseases
#. Eeuropsychiatric disorders sexual @ reproductive health problems infectious @ parasitic
diseases
). (exual @ reproductive health problems infectious @ parasitic diseases unintentional
injuries
E. (exual @ reproductive health problems infectious @ parasitic diseases nutritional
disorders
&&
1&*. 1he * leading main ris' factors for incidence )A:<s among 190&,years globally are:
A. =nsafe sex illicit drug used alcohol
!. Alcohol lac' of contraception unsafe sex
#. $ron deficiency illicit drug use unsafe sex
). $ron deficiency alcohol unsafe sex
E. Alcohol, unsafe se:, lac. of contraception
1&,. Among females aged 190&,years in African region the * leading causes of )A:<s 2in order
of the highest to lowest3 are:
A. =nsafe sex lac' of contraception iron deficiency
!. =nsafe sex illicit drug use iron deficiency
#. =nsafe sex alcohol $ron deficiency
). =nsafe sex physical injury $ron deficiency
E. 6nsafe se:, lac. of contraception, alcohol
1&-. 7hich of the following are true regarding epidemiology health problems among
adolescentsG
A. "ortality data provides a strong epidemiology of health problems among adolescents
!. +ver *M- of mortality among young people 2190&,years3 occurred in Africa and (outh
Asia
#. )uring the age period of 1-018years )A:< is higher for females compared to males
D. All of the aove are true
E. +nly ! @ # are true
1&/. 1he following isMare true regarding mortality among adolescentG
A. $njuries constitute the highest cause of mortality for adolescent males worldwide
!. )A:< among 1901,years olds is higher than that of -08years but lower than 1-018years
#. Most deaths in adolescents have ehavioural causes e:acerated y failure of health
delivery system
). All of the above are true
E. +nly ! @ # are true
1&4. 1he life course approach in adolescents indicates that:
A. $ntestinal helminths affect adolescent more than adults but occur less in adolescent
compared to children
!. #hagas disease is an example of health problem peculiar to adolescent
C. 6nder7nutrition occur more in adolescent compared to adults ut occur less in
adolescent than children
). All of the above are true
E. +nly A @ # are true
&*
1&6. 1he objective of health education is to:
A. $mpact 'nowledge regarding health to those who are illiterates
!. Affect change in health practices of people in the 'nowledge and attitude related to
school age
C. %rovide health education hygiene to control disease
). 1each health education to school children for preventive purpose
E. (upport health care wor'ers in curative serve
1&8. Health education is:
A. Part of only rural health care
!. Oob of health educators
C. Duty of every health !or.er
). $s the same as health counselling
E. Eot a job of paramedical staff
1*9. All are features of health education except:
A. Lnowledge is actively ac%uired
!. )evelops reflective behaviour
#. )iscipline is primitive desires
). Appeal to reason
1*1. $n health education the adoption of new idea and practices involves the following except:
A. $nterest
!. Awareness
#. 1rial
). Evaluation
E. Adoption
1*&. 1he following are used in the planning of health education except:
A. :earning participation
!. #atchy slogan
C. Covering felt needs
). =sing simple words
E. Jocus Iroup )iscussion
1**. 1he following are correct principle of health education except:
A. Participation
!. =n'nown to Lnown
C. 3oil, 3eed 5 3o!er
). 5einforcement
E. )ialogue during crisis
&,
1*,. 7hich of the following is not true about lecture as health education methodG
A. +ne way of communication
!. Iives basic information
C. Broup should not e more than C+ people
). $t is better for participants greater than *9 in number
E. $t is the best method of health education in urban area
1*-. 7hich of the following is a very effective method of health education to bring about change
in health behaviour of peopleG
A. Panel discussion
!. (ymposium
#. Iroup )iscussion
). 7or'shop
E. <ocus Broup Discussion
1*/. $n health education programme where a group of people are spea'ing on a topic of common
interest is best described as:
A. Panel discussion
!. (ymposium
C. Broup Discussion
). 7or'shop
E. Health tal'
1*4. All are true about panel discussion except:
A. A two way discussion
!. 1here is no specific agenda
#. #hief panellist initiates discussion
). Each participant prepare a topic for the discussion
E. %articipants should e C+7)+ in numers
1*6. 1he following are true about symposium:
A. (eries of speech are selected are presented on a selected agenda
B. /!o !ay communication
#. 1here is discussion among members on subject
). #hairman ma'es a summary at the end of entire session
E. =seful for discussion of uncommon topics or non0topical issues
1*8. 1wo way communication ta'e place in the following health education method except:
A. #ectures
!. (ymposium
#. Iroup discussion
). Panel discussion
E. Health tal'
&-
1,9. 1he following method is useful education device for school children:
A. Demonstration
!. 5ole play
#. (imulation exercise
). Iroup discussion
E. 1eachingM:ecture
1,1. 1he following is a %ualitative management techni%ue:
A. "anagement by objective
!. #ost benefit analysis
#. 7or' sampling
D. %lanning , %rogramming, Budgeting 3ystem =%%B3>
E. AppraisalM(taff audit
1,&. #ost benefits analysis:
A. <ocus on outcome of various health activities
!. 5esults achieved on the amount of resources used
#. Provide basic data on cost structure of any programme
). Economic benefits achieved on expenditure of resources
E. #ost0input0output analysis
1,*. #ritical path method is:
A. (hortest path of a networ'
B. #ongest path of a net!or.
#. #heapest path of the networ'
). "ost cost effective path of the networ'
E. $s alternative path of the networ'
1,,. 1he following are true of behavioural diagnosisG
A. $t is not feasible in crisis situation
!. 1ends to compliment clinical diagnosis
#. 5eveals deep feelings of the patient which are related to clinical symptoms
D. /ends to delay immediate enefit of treatment"Intervention
E. Allow for attitudinal chec's on the individual
1,-. $n health education behavioural changes involved:
A. "ajor changes in self awareness
!. Hery rapid Cturn roundD inpatient>s behaviour
C. Modification in specific health haits !hich results in positive or negative outcome
). 1he focus on individual health outcome
E. An acceptance or rejection of health information
&/
1,/. 1he following does not belong to a group of emerging disease:
A. Dengue fever
!. 5ift valley fever
#. 7est Eile fever
). Hene.uela e%uine encephalitis
E. :assa fever
1,4. 1he following is not implicated in the occurrence of emerging disease:
A. Hector resistance
!. Ilobal warming
#. (exual orientation
D. <orestation
E. )evelopmental project
1,6. Effective public health strategies against emerging and re0emerging diseases do not include:
A. Ienomic research
!. 5egulation of sales and use of antimicrobials
C. Halting development pro$ects
). 5egulating $nternational travels
E. (trengthening of health systems
1,8. $n a community ravage by volcanic eruption the following measures are appropriate for
emergency prevention and mitigation of the effect of the disaster except:
A. Dulneraility assessment of the community
!. Prevent population from habiting volcanic prone eruption .one
#. #autionary messages mounted in the volcanic eruption prone .one
). #onstruction of structures to withstand volcanic eruption
E. Evacuation of populations for disasters with 'nown periodicity
1-9. !ehavioural determinants of health and disease status can be found for almost every disease
through:
A. Behavioural ris. factor
!. 1hrough behavioural factor that influence treatment
#. 1hrough behavioural factors that influence treatment
). 1hrough behavioural factors that influence prognosis
E. 1hrough epidemiological triads
&4