Naca Acc

m
mm
ill
mm
tmxmMMMAm
Csplj # J
NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
FOR AERONAUTICS
^
B1P0BT Nrt'4$fc
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
;f 8 ; RELATED AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS
IN THE VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL
By EASTMAN N, JACOBS, KENNETH E, WAS
and BGBEBT M. PINKEBTOM
w
SM?mm OF SBFOST No, 0, QBIGmAtK PBUSHSB KOTSMBES
19.3
:
5 -
% Far e & i bj? the pTi $i n<& a* a ûi nyi Us. WAsMngi oa* 3> C ; : : y.: 0: : ..; : : *\' .*. : ; . Fi ^..& :<g& & '
^' x?
:
- . : . : *
s
PI
. '%,/ ', " 9' ^ :
-n-.'; ;
AERONAUTIC SYMBOLS
1. FUNDAMENTAL AN DEBITED UNITS
...........
Symbol
,. v ' 'Me tri c Engli sh
Uni t
Abbre v i a-
ti on
Uni t
Abbre v i a-
ti on
Le ngth :_
Ti me . --
I ; .: : .; . ^ me te r _ . .._ ._ _ _ -_ . m ft. (or mi .)
se e . (or hr.)
i bv
::
a se cond for hourV
kg we i ght of 1 pound.
Spe e d ._ .,_ ,
bp.
m.p.h.
f .p.a.
: '.: : W-P-
S
v
2. GENERAL SYMBOLS
W,
f
tn,
I,
o
Z,
P.,
A,
A
mg Vf Kir.
Standard acce le rati on of grav i ty =9.8 0665 P, De nsi ty (mass pe r uni t v olume )
m/s
2
or 32.1740 ft./se c.
2
Standard de nsi ty of dry ai r, 0.12497 kg-m-*-** at
15 C. and 760 mni ; or 0.002378 lb.-ft,
-
^ se c,
2
, - Spe ci fi c we i ght of "standard" ai r, 1.225 5 kg/m
3
or
Mome nt of i ne rti a =mP. (Indi cate axi s of 0.0765 1 lb./cu.ft.
radi us of gyrati on k by prope r subscri pt.)
Coe ffi ci e nt of v i scosi ty "
;
.'s:",
:
Masa*^
3. AERODYNAMIC SYMBOLS
Are a
Are a of wi ng
Span
Chord ^
Aspe ct rati o
True ai rspe e d
Dynami c pre ssure " 7,pV
J
li ft, absolute coe ffi ci e nt G t,< = ~ k
Drag, absolute coe ffi ci e nt C
= -a
W
Profi le drag, absolute coe ffi ci e nt G
D
Q
VI
q
Induce d drag, absolute coe ffi ci e nt G
D
*~ A
h
qS
Cross-wi nd force , absolute e de ffi ci e nt <?<?-
Re sultant force
Parasi te drag, absolute coe ffi ci e nt C
D
Op,
0
ft
Angle of se tti ng of wi ngs (re lati v e to thrust
li ne )
Angle of stabi li ze r se tti ng (re lati v e to thrust
li ne )
Re sultant mome nt
Re sultant angular v e loci ty
Re ynolds Numbe r, whe re I i s a li ne ar di me nsi on
(e .g., for a mode l ai rfoi l 3 i n. chord, 100
m.p.h. normal pre ssure at;.15 0., the cor-
re spondi ng numbe r i s 234,000; or for a mode l
of 10 cm chord, 40 m.p.s. the corre spondi ng
numbe r i s 274,000)
Ge nte r-of-pre soure coe ffi ci e nt (rati o of di stance
of c.p. from le adi ng e dge to chord le ngth)
Angle of attack
Angle of downwash
Angle of attack, i nfi ni te aspe ct rati o
Angle of attack, i nduce d
Angle of attack, absolute (me asure d from e ro-

,(
M.
i
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. : >: : -
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m
REPORT No. 460
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
78 RELATED AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS
IN THE VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL
By EASTMAN N. JACOBS, KENNKTH E. WARD
and ROBERT M. PINKERTON
Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory
BEPB1NT OF REPORT No. 460, ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED NOVEMBEB 1933
NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
NAVY BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D.C.
(An i nde pe nde nt Gov e rnme nt e stabli shme nt, cre ate d by act of Congre ss approv e d March3,1915 , Tor the supe rv i si on and di re cti on of the sci e nti fi c
study of the proble ms of fli ght. Its me mbe rshi p was i ncre ase d to 15 by act approv e d March 2,1929 (Publi c, No. 908 , 70th Congre ss). It consi sts
of me mbe rs who are appoi nte d by the Pre si de nt, all of whomse rv e as suchwi thout compe nsati on.)
JOSEPH S. AMES, Ph.D., Chairman,
Pre si de nt, Johns Hopki ns Uni v e rsi ty, Balti more , Md.
DAVID W. TAYLOR, D. Eng., Vice Chairman,
Washi ngton, D.C.
CHARLES G. ABBOT, Sc.D.,
Se cre tary, Smi thsoni an Insti tuti on, Washi ngton, D.C.
LYMAN J. BRIGGS, Ph.D.,
Di re ctor, Bure au of Standards, Washi ngton, D.C.
ARTHUR B. COOK, Captai n, Uni te d State s Nav y,
Assi stant Chi e f, Bure au of Ae ronauti cs, Nav y De partme nt, Washi ngton, D.C.
WILLIAM F. DTJRAND, Ph.D.,
Profe ssor Eme ri tus of Me chani cal Engi ne e ri ng, Stanford Uni v e rsi ty, Cali forni a.
BENJAMIN D. FOTJLOIS, Major Ge ne ral, Uni te d State s Army,
Chi e f of Ai r Corps, War De partme nt, Washi ngton, D.C.
HARRY F. GUGGENHEIM, M.A.,
Port Washi ngton, Long Island, Ne w York.
ERNEST J. KING, Re ar Admi ral, Uni te d State s Nav y,
Chi e f, Bure au of Ae ronauti cs, Nav y De partme nt, Washi ngton, D.C.
CHARLES A. LINDBERGH, LL.D.,
Ne w York Ci ty.
WILLIAM P. MACCRACKEN, Jr., Ph.B.,
Washi ngton, D.C.
CHARLES F. MARVIN, Sc.D.,
Chi e f, Uni te d State s We athe r Bure au, Washi ngton, D.C.
HENRY C. PRATT, Bri gadi e r Ge ne ral, Uni te d State s Army.
Chi e f, Mate ri e l Di v i si on, Ai r Corps, Wri ght Fi e ld, Dayton, Ohi o.
EDWARD P. WARNER, M.S.,
Edi tor "Av i ati on," Ne w York Ci ty.
ORVILLE WRIGHT, SC.D.,
Dayton, Ohi o.
GEORGE W. LEWIS, Director of Aeronautical Research.
JOHN F. VICTORY, Secretary.
HENEY J. E. REID, Engineer in Charge, Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory, Langley Field, Va.
JOHN J. IDE, Technical Assistant in Europe, Paris, Franco.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
JOSEPH S. AMES, Chairman.
DAVID W. TAYLOR, Vice Chairman.
CHARLES G. ABBOT. WILLIAM P. MACCRACKEN, Jr.
LYMAN J. BRIGGS. CHARLES F. MARVIN.
ARTHUR B. COOK. HENRY C PRATT.
BENJAMIN D. FOULOIS. EDWARD P. WARNER.
ERNEST J. KING. ORVILLE WRIGHT.
CHARLES A. LINDBERGH.
JOHN F. VICTORY, Secretary.
REPORT No. 460
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF 78 RELATED AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN THE
VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL
By EASTMAN N. JACOBS, KENNETH E. WARD, and ROBBET M. PINKERTON
REPRINT OF REPORT No. 4 EO, ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED NOVEMBER 1 9 3 3
SUMMARY
An investigation of a large group oj related, airfoils
was made in the N.A.O.A. variable-density wind tunnel
at a large value oj the Reynolds Number. The tests were
made to provide data that may be directly employedfor a
rational choice of the most suitable airfoil section for a
given application. The variation of the aerodynamic
characteristics with variations in thickness and meanAine
form were therefore systematically studied.
The related airfoil profiles for this investigation were
developed by combining certain profile thickness forms,
obtained by varying the maximum thickness of a basic
distribution, with certain mean lines, obtained by varying
the length and the position of the maximum mean-line
ordinate. A number of values of these shape variables
were used to derive afamily of airfoils. For the purposes
of this investigation the construction and tests were limited
to 68 airfoils of thisfamily. In addition to these, several
supplementary airfoils have been, included in order to
study the effects of certain other changes in theform of the
mean line and in the thickness distribution.
The results are presented in the standard graphic form
representing the airfoil characteristics for infinite aspect
rath and for aspect ratio 6. A table is also given by
means of which the important characteristics of all the
airfoils may be conveniently compared. The variation of
the aerodynamic characteristics with changes in shape is
shown by additional curves and tables. A comparison
is made, where possible, with thin-airfoil theory, a
summary ofwhich is presented in an appendix.
INTRODUCTION
The forms of the ai rfoi l se cti ons that are i n common
use today are , di re ctly or i ndi re ctly, the re sult of
i nv e sti gati ons made at Gottrnge n of a large numbe r of
ai rfoi ls. Pre v i ously, ai rfoi ls such as the R.A.F. 15
and the U.S.A. 27, de v e lope d from ai rfoi l profi le s
i nv e sti gate d i n England, we re wi de ly use d. All the se
i nv e sti gati ons, howe v e r, we re made at low v alue s of
the Re ynolds Numbe r; the re fore , the ai rfoi ls de v e lope d
may not be the opti mumone s for full-scale appli cati on.
More re ce ntly a numbe r of ai rfoi ls hav e be e n te ste d i n
the variable-density wind tunnel at values of the
Reynolds Numbe r approachi ng those of" fli ght (re fe r-
e nce 1) but, wi th the e xce pti on of the M-se ri e s and a
se ri e s of prope lle r se cti ons, the ai rfoi ls hav e not be e n
syste mati cally de ri v e d i n such a way that the re sults
could be sati sfactori ly corre late d.
The de si gn of an e ffi ci e nt ai rplane e ntai ls the care ful
balanci ng of many confli cti ng re qui re me nts. This
state me nt i s parti cularly true of the choi ce of the wi ng.
Without a knowledge of the variations of the ae rody-
nami c characte ri sti cs of the ai rfoi l se cti ons wi th the
v ari ati ons of shape that affe ct the we i ght of the struc-
ture , the de si gne r cannot re ach a sati sfactory balance
be twe e n the many confli cti ng re qui re me nts.
The purpose of the i nv e sti gati on re porte d he re i n was
to obtai n the characte ri sti cs at a large v alue of the
Re ynolds Numbe r of a wi de v ari e ty of re late d ai rfoi ls.
The be ne fi ts of such a syste mati c i nv e sti gati on are
e v i de nt. The re sults wi ll gre atly faci li tate the choi ce
of the most sati sfactory ai rfoi l for a gi v e n appli cati on
and should e li mi nate much routi ne ai rfoi l te sti ng.
Fi nally, be cause the re sults may be corre late d to
i ndi cate the tre nds of the ae rodynami c characte ri sti cs
wi th change s of shape , the y may poi nt the way to the
de si gn of ne w shape s hav i ng be tte r characte ri sti cs.
Ai rfoi l profi le s may be consi de re d as made up of cer-
tain profile-thickness forms disposed about certain
me an li ne s. The major shape v ari able s the n be come
two, the thi ckne ss form and the me an-li ne form. The
thi ckne ss form i s of parti cular i mportance from a
structural standpoi nt. On the othe r hand, the form of
the me an li ne de te rmi ne s almost i nde pe nde ntly some
of the most i mportant ae rodynami c prope rti e s of the
ai rfoi l se cti on, e .g., the angle of ze ro li ft and the
pi tchi ng-mome nt characte ri sti cs.
The re late d ai rfoi l profi le s for thi s i nv e sti gati on we re
de ri v e d by changi ng syste mati cally the se shape v ari -
able s. The symme tri cal profi le s we re de fi ne d i n te rms
of a basi c thi ckne ss v ari ati on, symme tri cal ai rfoi ls of
v aryi ng thi ckne ss be i ng obtai ne d by the appli cati on
of factors to the basi c ordi nate s. The cambe re d pro-
fi le s we re the n de v e lope d by combi ni ng the se thi ckne ss
forms wi th v ari ous me an fi ne s. The me an li ne s we re
obtained by v aryi ng the cambe r and by v aryi ng the
shape of the mean line to alter the position of the
maxi mum me an-li ne ordi nate . The maximum ordinate
BEPOHT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOE AEBONAUTICS
of the mean line is referred to throughout this report as the
camber of the airfoil and the position of the maximum
Ordinate of the mean line as the position of the camber.
An airfoil, produced as described above, is designated by
a number offour digits: the first indicates the camber in
percent of the chord; the second, the position of the camber
in tenths of the chordfrom the leading edge; and the last
two, the maximum thickness in percent of the chord.
Thus the N.A.C.A. 2315 ai rfoi l has a maxi mumcambe r
of 2 pe rce nt of the chord at a posi ti on 0.3 of the chord
from the le adi ng e dge , and a maxi mum thi ckne ss of 15
pe rce nt of the chord; the N.A.C.A. 0012 ai rfoi l i s a
symme tri cal ai rfoi l hav i ng a maxi mum thi ckne ss of 12
pe rce nt of the chord.
In addi ti on to the syste mati c se ri e s of ai rfoi ls,
se v e ral supple me ntary ai rfoi ls hav e be e n i nclude d i n
orde r to study the e ffe cts of a fe w change s i n the form
of the me an li ne and i n the thi ckne ss di stri buti on.
Pre li mi nary re sults whi ch hav e be e n publi she d i n-
clude those for 12 symme tri cal N.A.C.A. ai rfoi ls, the
00 se ri e s (re fe re nce 2) and othe r se cti ons hav i ng di ffe r-
e nt nose shape s (re fe re nce 3); and those for 42 cam-
be re d ai rfoi ls, the 43 and 63 se ri e s (re fe re nce 4), the 45
and 65 se ri e s (re fe re nce 5 ), the 44 and 64 se ri e s (re fe r-
e nce 6), and the 24 se ri e s (re fe re nce 7).
If the chord i s take n along the x axi s from 0 to 1,
the ordi nate s y are gi v e n by an e quati on of the form
=t y
=
Go -Jx + < hx + ail?+Oil?+ o
4
a;
4
The e quati on was adjuste d to gi v e the de si re d shape
by i mposi ng the followi ng condi ti ons to de te rmi ne the
constants:
(1) Maxi mum ordi nate 0.1 at 0.3 chord
z = 0.3 y= 0.1
dy/dx=0
(2) Ordi nate at trai li ng e dge
i = l y=0.002
(3) Trai li ng-e dge angle
as-1 dy/dx=-0.234
(4) Nose shape
3 = 0.1 y=0.078
The followi ng e quati on sati sfyi ng approxi mate ly the
abov e -me nti one d condi ti ons re pre se nts a profi le hav i ng
a thi ckne ss of approxi mate ly 20 pe rce nt of the chord.
i / = 0.29690.
v
/;-0.12600:z-0.35 160a:
2
+0.28 430z
3
-0.1015 0z
1
k""
6 ~~~~t
4' ^
' - *-
- N . A . C . A . family
fr * ^_
- *' '
#

- - *" *
""+C lark Y
o Gaff. 398
3 . /! . 8 . 1 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 5 1. 0
4
y = 0.29690f-0.12600x -0.35/60x
e
+ 0.28430x
3
-O.IOISOx*
Basic ordinates of N.A.C.A. family airfoils (percent of chord)
Sta
Ord
0
0
1.2S
3.15 7
2.5
4.35 8
5 .0
5 .8 25
7.5
7.000
10
7.8 05
15
8 .009
20
9.663
25
9.902
30
10.003
40
9.672
5 0
8 .8 23
60
7.606
70
6.107
SO
4.372
90
2.413
95
1.344
100
a 210
L.E. radi us, 4.40.
FIGURE 1.Thi ckne ss v ari ati on.
The te sts we re made hi the v ari able -de nsi ty wi nd
tunne l of the Nati onal Adv i sory Commi tte e for Ae ro-
nauti cs duri ng the pe ri od from Apri l 1931 to Fe bruary
1932.
DESCRIPTION OF AIRFOILS
We ll-known ai rfoi ls of a ce rtai n class i ncludi ng the
Gtti nge n 398 and the Clark Y, whi ch hav e prov e d to
be e ffi ci e nt, are ne arly ali ke whe n -the i r cambe r i s
re mov e d (me an li ne strai ghte ne d) and the y are re duce d
to the same maxi mumthi ckne ss. A thi ckne ss v ari ati on
si mi lar to that of the se ai rfoi ls was the re fore chose n for
the de v e lopme nt of the N.A.C.A. ai rfoi ls. An e quati on
de fi ni ng the shape was use d as a me thod of produci ng
fai r profi le s.
Thi s e quati on was take n to de fi ne the basi c se cti on.
The basi c profi le and a table of ordi nate s are gi v e n i n
fi gure 1. Poi nts obtai ne d by re mov i ng the cambe r
from the Gtti nge n 398 and the Clark Y se cti ons, and
applyi ng a factor to the ordi nate s of the re sulti ng
thi ckne ss curv e s to bri ng the m to the same maxi mum
thi ckne ss, are plotte d on the abov e fi gure for com-
pari son. Se cti ons hav i ng any de si re d maxi mum thi ck-
ne ss we re obtai ne d by multi plyi ng the basi c ordi nate s
by the prope r factor; that i s
*
y
' * 1 (-
29690
Vi
_
0.126003- 0.35 160z*
+0,28 430z
3
-0.1015 0a:')
CHARACTERISTICS OP AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL
whe re (i s the maxi mum thi ckne ss. The le adi ng-e dge
radi us i s found to be
-KW-
1
-
1 01
"
Whe n the me an li ne s of ce rtai n ai rfoi ls i n common
use we re re duce d to the same maxi mum ordi nate and
compare d i t was found that the i r shape s we re qui te
di ffe re nt. It was obse rv e d, howe v e r, that the range
of shape s could be we ll cov e re d by assumi ng some
si mple shape and v aryi ng the maxi mum ordi nate and
i ts posi ti on along the chord. The me an li ne was,
the re fore , arbi trari ly de nne d by two paraboli c e qua-
ti ons of the form
y
c
= bo+biX+hx'
whe re the le adi ng e nd of the me an li ne i s at the ori gi n
and the trai li ng e nd i s on the x axi s at x = 1. The
v alue s of the constants for both e quati ons we re the n
e xpre sse d i n te rms of the abov e v ari able s; name ly,
(1) Me an-li ne e xtre mi ti e s
X 0 y
e
= 0
x \ y
c
= 0
(2) Maxi mum ordi nate of me an li ne
x= p (posi ti on of maxi mum ordi nate )
and
Vc-
(1-P)
5 ['l-2p) + 2px-x*\
(aft of maxi mum ordi nate )
The me thod of combi ni ng the thi ckne ss forms wi th
the me an-li ne forms i s be st de scri be d by me ans of the
di agram i n fi gure 2. The li ne joi ni ng the e xtre mi ti e s
of the me an li ne i s chose n as the chord. Re fe rri ng to
the di agram, the ordi nate y< of the thi ckne ss form i s
me asure d along the pe rpe ndi cular to the me an li ne
from a poi nt on the me an li ne at the stati on along the
chord corre spondi ng to the v alue of x for whi ch y,
was'compute d. The re sulti ng uppe r and lowe r surface
poi nts are the n de si gnate d:
Stati ons x
u
and x
t
Ordi nate s j/ and y
t
whe re the subscri pts u and I re fe r to uppe r and lowe r
surface s, re spe cti v e ly. In addi ti on to the se symbols,
the symbol i is employed to designato the angle be -
twe e n the tange nt to the me an li ne and the x axi s.
Thi s augle i s gi v e n by
da;
V
10
0
/ \y\Pl*^Lrt j^Meon/ins ^-^^^ .
v^yy y\\ ^_^____- . ' '
10
\ 0,/x,,y,/ xv- x- ytsine y
u
- y
c
+yt c os 8
Radiu s throu gh end of c hord xi =x + y
t
sin 8 yi = yt - yt c os 8
Sampl 3 calculations for derivation of N.A.C.J. 6SS1
X yt V-> tan si n 6 co.sC W si n 9 yi cos Xm V* VI
0
0.01260
.30000
.60000
1
0
0.03314
.105 03
.0798 6
.00221
0
0.0048 9
.06000
.048 98
0
0.40000
.38 333
0
-. 07347
-. 17143
0.37140
.35 793
0
-. 07327
-. 168 97
0.928 40
.93375
1
.99731
.98 5 62
0
0.0118 6
0
-.005 8 5
-.00037
0
0.03094
.105 03
.07965
.00218
0
0.02436
.30000
.5 9415
.99963
0
-0.02605
-.045 03
-. 03067
-. 00218
0.00064
.30000
.605 8 5
1.00037
0.035 8 3
.165 03
.128 63
.00218
1
Slope of radi us through e nd of chord.
FIGURE 2.Me thod of calculati ng ordi nate s of N.A.O.A. cambe re d ai rfoi ls.
y
c
=m(maxi mum ordi nate )
iyjdx= 0
The re sulti ng e quati ons de fi ni ng the me an li ne the n
be came
y^-pl^px-x
1
]
(forward of maxi mum ordi nate )
The followi ng formulas for calculati ng the ordi nate s
may now be de ri v e d from the di agram:
Xu= x y
t
si n 9
y*= y< .+yt cos e
x
t
= x+y, si n 0
yi
=
Vc-yt cos e
Sample calculations are given in figure 2. The center
for the leading-edge radius is placed on the tangent to
the me an li ne at the le adi ng e dge .
6 REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
A fami ly of re late d ai rfoi ls was de ri v e d i n the manne r
de scri be d. Se v e n v alue s of the maxi mum thi ckne ss,
0.06, 0.09 , 0.1 2, 0.1 5, 0.1 8, 0.21 , and 0.25 j four values
of the cambe r, 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06; and si x v alue s
of the posi ti on of the cambe r, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 , 0.6, and
0.7 we re use d to de ri v e the re late d se cti ons of thi s
fami ly. The profi le s of the ai rfoi ls de ri v e d are shown
colle cti v e ly i n fi gure 3.
For the purpose s of thi s i nv e sti gati on the construc-
ti on and te sts we re li mi te d to 68 of the ai rfoi ls. Table s
of ordi nate s at the standard stati ons are gi v e n i n the
fi gure s pre se nti ng the ae rodynami c characte ri sti cs.
The se ordi nate s we re obtai ne d graphi cally from the
compute d ordi nate s for all but the symme tri cal se c-
mode ls, whi ch are made of duralumi n, hav e a chord
of 5 i nche s and a span of 30 i nche s. The y we re con-
structe d from the compute d ordi nate s by the me thod
de scri be d i n re fe re nce 8 .
Routi ne me asure me nts of li ft, drag, and pi tchi ng
mome nt about a poi nt on the chord one quarte r of the
chord be hi nd i ts forward e nd we re made at a Re ynolds
Numbe r of approxi mate ly 3,000,000 (tank pre ssure ,
approxi mate ly 20 atmosphe re s). Groups of ai rfoi ls
we re fi rst te ste d to study the v ari ati ons wi th thi ckne ss,
e ach group contai ni ng ai rfoi ls of di ffe re nt thi ckne sse s
but hav i ng the same me an li ne . Fi nally, all ai rfoi ls
hav i ng a thi ckne ss of 12 pe rce nt of the chord we re
6421
N.A.C.A. alrfoU profi le s.
ti ons. Two se ts of trai li ng-e dge ordi nate s are gi v e n.
Those i nclose d by pare nthe se s, whi ch are gi v e n to
faci li tate constructi on, re pre se nt ordi nate s to whi ch
the surface s are fai re d. In the constructi on of the
mode ls the trai li ng e dge s we re rounde d off.
Thre e groups of supple me ntary ai rfoi ls we re also
constructe d and te ste d. The de ri v ati on of the se ai r-
foi ls wi ll be consi de re d late r wi th the di scussi on.
APPARATUS AND METHODS
A description of the variable-density wind tunnel
and the me thod of te sti ng i s gi v e n i n re fe re nce 8 . The
te ste d to study the v ari ati ons wi th change s i n the
me an li ne .
RESULTS
The re sults are pre se nte d i n the standard graphi c
form (fi gs. 4 to 8 0) as coe ffi ci e nts corre cte d afte r the
me thod of re fe re nce 8 to gi v e ai rfoi l characte ri sti cs for
i nfi ni te aspe ct rati o and aspe ct rati o 6. Whe re more
than one te st has be e n use d for the analysi s, the i nfi ni te
aspe ct rati o characte ri sti cs from the e arli e r te st hav e
been indicated by additional points on the figure. Table
I gi v e s the i mportant characte ri sti cs of all the .,ai rfoi ls.
CHARACTERISTICS OP AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 0006 KM:3,2I0,000
Size: 5'x30" Ve/. (ft. /sec ): 68. 5
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):20. 8 Date:l- 4- 32
Where tested:LM. A . L. Test: V. D. T. 744
C orrec ted for tu nnel- wall effec t.
.44
?.0 .40
1.8 .36
1.6 .32
1.4 .28 -g
1.01.20%
& O .
. Si . 18 9
S Q
. 6^ . 12
0 <
Angle
8 12 IB 20 24 28 32
of attac k, a: (degrees)
. 12
II
. 10
1 c .
. 09
t08
. 5
X. 07
1. 06
1
I
f
f
1
$. os
\
j,. 04
\
\
?. 03
I )
/ /
. 02
/ /
a
\>
. 01
y f
0
**
*'
\
s
o
(J'. /
i- . s
u
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 000B KM. : 3,210,000
Date: 1- 4- 32 TesHV. D. T. 744
1
4
C orrec ted fc It ? finite aspec t ratio
- 28$
0 . 2 . 4 . 6 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient. G
FIQUKE 4N.A.C.A. 0
28\ 0
sol
iei
ok 0
Q
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 0009 KM:3. 2/0. 000
Size:S~x30- Vel. (ft. /sec ): 88. 5
Pres. (sthd. atm. ):20. B Date: 1- 6- 32
Where tested:LM. A . L. Tesi:V. D. T. 746
0 4 8 12 IB 20 24 28 32
Angle ofattach, a (degrees)
12
. 11
. 10
. 09
08
ft
. 0. 07
,
X. Cff
\
\
^. 05
\
\
k-
04
\
V
e. o3
. 02
TC n
1
y
S>
0
*
V
c.
(!- '
s
%- . 2
u
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 0009 KM. : 3. 210,000
Date: l- S- 32 Test: V. D. T. 748
-
4
c or *-e c t ?d Ic ir it m e o- - pe - tr at o
-32$
-28 Is
-20
- 4 o
- 6 8 >
. 2 . 4 . S . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 I. S 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient, C
t
FIOVBB 6.N.A.C.A. 0009 ai rfo.
REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
s 2. a s
0 S-JSS
5 4.200
1 4. 683
5 5. 345
9 5. 738
5 5. 941
0 6. 002
0 5.803,
0 5.294
0 4.563
0 3664
0 2.623
1. 894
2. 5 ' 5
3. 555
4. 200
- 4. 683
- 5. 345
-5.738
-5.941
- 6. 002
-5.803
-5.294
-4.583
-3.664
-2.623
-1.448
- .807
(-.126)
L.E.Rad.: 1.58
24
k
so
:
^ 20 I 40 -
\ ml Bo-
5 B 0 100-
f
A irfoil: N . A . O. A . 0012 R. N . : 3,230,000
Size: S\30" Vel. (ft. /sec ): 63. 4
Pres. (st'nd. atm. ):20. 7 Dafe: 12- 30- 31
Where tested: LM. A . L. Test: V. O. T. 743
0 4 B 12 IB 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attac h, a (degrees)
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0
Lift c oeffic ient.
1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
-N.A.C.A. 0012si rfoli .
0 4 B 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle ofattack, of (degrees)
*
\ C
\
\
-
u
s
J
S /
/
>
* *
s
s
*
-
1
..
a.
* y
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . OOIS R. N . :3. 2QQ. OOO
D 3fe:/2- $- 3/ Test: V. O. T. 728
C ?r - ecf?d tc ir it<ni e az
PL c r ato
36$
*|
2813
.2 .4 .8 1 .0 1 .2 IA 1 .6 IS
Lift c oeffic ient, C L
FIGURE 7.N.A.C.A. 0015 ai rfoi l.
CHABACTEBISTICS OF AIEFOIL SECTIONS EKOM TESTS IN VABIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL
26 I
i t 5 (
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 0018 R. N . - . 3,150,000
Size: 5'x30" Ve/. (ft. /sec ): 6B. B
Pres. lsfnd. atm. ):20. 9Date: l- B- 32
Where tested:LM. A . L. Test V. O. T. 747
C orrec ted for tu nnel- wall e tfec f.
2.0
.44
.40
i.a .36
i.e
1.4
.32
.23-i
S
.24S
' *BJ
. O ff
. 0. 07
%.os
b
jb- 04
l. 0%. 20 9 1. 03
. 16 P . 02
. 6".
3=
0 4 8 12 IS 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attac k, c t (degrees)
5
i
i
\
^
\
s
\ v
r *v

a0
,
Jr
."
^
r
J
c
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 00/8 R. N . : 3, ISO. 000
Date; l- B- 32 Test: V. D. T. 747
C orrec ted tc infinite aspec t ratio
- 48
44.
- 28$
-12
-16
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 12 1. 4 16 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ients,
FIGUBE 8 .N.A.C.A. 0018 ai rfoU.
28~ ? 0
24 i.20
8
20 I 40
/e^-eo
/2$80
u
e'oioo
e -4
A irfoil: MA . C . A . 0021 RM:3,180,000
Size: fx30" Vel. (ft. /sec ): 8B. S
Pres. (st'nd. aim. ):20. 8 Date: I- 7- 32
Where tested:L. M. A . L. Test: VOX 748
C orrec ted for tu nnei- wa/i effec t.
20
1.8
i. e
1.4
1.2^
i. o\.
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attac h, c c (degrees)
. 12
. 11
. 10
. 44 . 09
. 40 ^. 08
. 38 3. 07
t
. 32
o
1. 06
\ a
\
. 2B- < g\05
\
\
. 24- 1 ^. 04
1
s'l
. 20 9. 03
" 1
0 S
/
. 16 g . 02
S* y
y
^
S
s*
3 J
ft ,
. 04 j- . i
0 %- . 2
u
A irfoU:N . A . C . A . 0021 R. N . : 3,190,000
Date: /- 7- 32 Test: V. D. T. 748
- " c or -e =t ?d tc ir itt ni e a*
pt c t "of o
28$
20 $
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient, &.
27077 035 2
FlQUB 9.N.A.O.A. 0021 ai rfoU.
1 0 REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
-A
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 0025 R. N . :3,23000
Size: 5~x30- Vel. (ft. /sec . j: 68. 3
Pres. (st'nd. otm. ):20. 9 Date: 1- 8- 32
Where tested:LM. A . L. Test:V. D. T. 7- 49
C orrec ted for tu nnel- wall effec t
0 4 8 12 IS 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attac k, a (degrees)
a
K
s
\
i
,
/
A
r
*. s
/
i
s
S>
*'
/c
r/4
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 0025 RM. : 3. 230,000
Date: /- 8> - 32 Test: V. DX 749
C orrec ted tc ir lfinite aspec t ratio
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1:6 1. 8
hi ft c oeffic ient, Cl
FrauBE 10.N.A.O.A. 0026 ai rfoi l.
0
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle ofattack, of (degrees}
. 12
. 11
. 10
i
. 09
. 5
. S. 07
1
Ic e
$. 05
P n
~
^ 04
^
. 03
r
\x
U
/
. 02
s
s
S
. 01
'
0
t f- '
f f
C <*e/4
X ' -
3
oil: N . A . C . A . 2212 R. N . :3. 220. 000
Oate. e- 2- 31 Test: V. D. T. 713
"
L Or ~e c t Bd tc ir it ni e o.
- p
3
C r otic
.2 A ,6 .8 1.0 1. 2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Lift coefficient, C
L
FIGUBE II.N.A.C.A. 2212 ai rfoi l.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 1 1
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2306 H. N . :3. 080. 000
Size: 5- X30- Vel. (f/. /sec . ): 69. '
Pres. (stnd. atm. ):20. 6 Dale:3- 24- 31
' Where tested:L. M. A . L. Test: V. D. T. 660
2.0
1. 6
1. 6
1. 4
1. 2$
,nt
. 12
. 11
. 10
. 44 - OS
. 40 ^. 08
. 36 . . 07
c ,.
. 32 p . 06
. 28% a. 05
\
\
. 24^ jj. 04
'
20$ t- 03
. 161 . 02
c e0
s'
f.
V"
. 08 0
>- "
,,".,
. 04 <$- . !
- '
1
0 i~. 2
,-
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2306 R. N . : 3080,000
Date: 3- 24- 31 Test:. V. D. T. 680
h
C orrec ted to ir f/'riife aspec t ratio
- 48
44
- 28 tf
-81
- 8- 4 0 4 6/2 16 20 24 28 32
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient, G
FIGURE 12 N.A.C.A. 2306 ai rfoi l.
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2309 RM:2,970,000
. Size: S- x30" Vel. (ft. /sec ): 71. 0
Pres. (st'nd. atm. ):203 Date:9- 24- 3l
' Where tested:LMA . L. Test: V. O. T. 681
,8*
4 8 12 IS SO 24 28 32
Angle ofattack, a (degrees)
12
1
. 11
. 40 ^. 08
1
. 38 $. 07
\
. 32 g. oe
J 2 .
. 28- ^ t> . 05
a 'S
\
\ '
\
\
\
. . .
?
S0?. 03
/
/>
/
. 16 J . 02
cj
OC s

S y
f
S*
. 08 0
* > *
. 04 J - . l
p*
S
/c
- )
*-*
0 "i- . 2
'U
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2309 R. N . : 2. 970. 000
n zite: 9- 24- 3. 1 Test: V. D. T. 681
i""
C ir - e zt d tc ir if. ni e O ipe c i r ot o
- 48
- 44
28$
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 8 1. 8
L
FIGURE 13N.A.C.A. 2309ai rfoi l.
1 2 BEPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
S- /(?> - SO
'2$
O S
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2312 KM:3,120,000
Size: 5- X30- Vel. fft. /sec . ): 69. 2
-es. (sfnd. aim. ):20. 9 Date: 12- 2- 31
Where tested: LM. A . L. Test: V. O. T. 720
C orrec ted for tu nnef- woti effec t
.10
.09
2. 0
i. B
LB
1. 4
1. 2$
i. o\
. u
a
1
c
A-
.2
0
-.2
.44
.40
.38 '5.07
. 32 p. OB
C? "
28< X. OS
s -b
24-^^.04
.20 9, Z-03
.16 g .02
.12 .01
.04
0
- 8- 4 0 4 8 12 IB 20 24 28 32
* ZL\
x test N o. 720,
y q " 682
40
38 S
I
|
28$
. 6
c
20 Tj
& .,..
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 2312 R. N . : 3,120. 000
Date: 12- 2- 31 Test: V. D. T. 720
C orrec ted to infinite aspec t ratio .
. 2 . 4 . 6 . S 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 m 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient. Q.
FIGDBE 14.N.A.C.A. 2312 ai rfoi l.
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 23/S RM:3,060MO
Size:S\30" Vel. (ft. /sec ): 69. 6
Pres. (sthd. afnt):20. 8 Date: 9- 25- 31
' Where tested:L. M. A . L. Test: Vti. T. SdS
- 8 - 4
. 44
2. 0 . 40
1. 8 . 38
1. 6 . 32
1. 4 . 28<
/. 25}. jjj'
1.0%. 20%
. &
. a'b. /Bp
. 10
.09
it
Z;.08
J. 07
tos
1-04
0 4 8 12 IB 20 24 28
A ngle of attac k, tx (degrees)
I
1
,
j
I
!
I
a
V
Hi
t
' J
c t
S /
P* /
xl ^
-
f
^
s
>
Jc
V*.
A ir foil: N . A . C . A . 2315 R. N . :3,080. 000
Date: 9- 25- 31 Test: V. D. T. 683
C yr - e zh d to ir ft ni e as P d r ytio
3 O
1
-23(3
.0"
-24
}
20^
to
Q.
' 8
-as-
. 2 . 4 . B . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient. G.
FIOtJBB 16.N.A.O.A. 2316 ai rfoU.
OHAKACTBRISTIOS OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 1 3
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 240B R. N . :3,I20,000
. Size: 5- X30- Vel. (ft. /sec ): 63. 3
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):20. 7 Date: 3- 8^31
' Where tested:LM. A . L. Tesf: V. O. T. BBS
" C orrec ted for tu nnel- wall effec t
2. 0
1. 8
i. e
1 .4
'J
A
o
s"
it
. 4^
.2
. 12
- ; )
. 11
. 10
S?
ft
. 40 ^. 08
,
. 38 . . 07
<
. 32 a. OS
"!
. 28- % S'. OS
. 24g &. 04
>
1
20 S L03
"
/
k
. /eg .oz
. 12 . 01
/'
y
"j
. 08 0
r"
. 04 t/-. /
-' c
0 -. 2
#r
u
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 240B R. N . : 3,120. 000
I 4
Date: 9- 8- 31 Test: V. D. T. BBS
& * C orrec ted to it tfinife aspec t ratio
40
- 38 S>
-?SB
0 4 8 12 IB 20 24 28 32
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient. a
-N.A.C.A. 2406 ai rfoi l.
-8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 2B 32
.B .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 I.S 1.8
Lift coefficient, Q.
Fi OBE 11.. -N.A.C.A. 2409 ai rfoi l.
1 4 BEPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
aet
20 I
I6\
i t 5 0
A irfoil: N . A . C . A 2412 RM:3,250,000
Size: 5- X30" Vel. (ft. /sec . j: BS. O
Pres. (sfnd. aim. ): 21. 0 Bote:13- 3- 31
Where tested:LM. A . L. Test V. O. T. 72/
2.0 .40
i.e .36
1 .6 32
(3
1 .4 SB?
" tf MS
/.ok 20 K
.y
8
./eg
fi
u
/?
^
. g. o7
B. O f
si- 04
. OS
. 01
0
!- '
S-. 2
0 4 8 IS IB 20 24 SB 32
I" "
3 #x Test N o, 72
Ava 667
\
\
\ C
\
'*
s
;
Ti/' /
A-'
s'
--:
- 2^
st

* > '
, -
' (:
'
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2412 R. N . : 3,250,000
Date: 12- 3- 31 Test: V. O. T. 72/
C orrec ted tc infini e aspec t ratio
SB' S
I
20 u
-A
-/2
. 2 . 4 s6 . 5 /O /2 /. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient, C*
FIGUEE 18 .N.A.C.A. 2412 ai rfoi l.
Sla. Up'r. L'wr.
t-tl
HI
i
00
2. 0
t. a
- 1. 6
- 1. 4
1. 3$
/-o|
, y
< u
0
. 6"
- A *
. 3
0
- . 2
- . 4
. IS
. 11
. 10
44 . 03
<S
. 40 V. 0B
c
fi
38 , 5. 07
S
33. 0. 06
28 a. OS
8 1 -fe
24S &. 04
SOft?. 03
0.
. 16 g . OS
. IS . 01
OB 0
04 < |-/
0 %- . S
0
u
U- . 3
46
0
1. 25
2. 5
5. 0
7. 5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
GO
10
80
90
95
100
inn
2. 7/
3. 71
5. 07
6. 0S
6. 83
7. 97
8. 70
9. 17
9. 38
9. as
8. 57
7. 50
6. IO
4. 41
2. 45
1. 34
(. 16)
0
- 2. 06
- 2. 86
- 3. 84
- 4. 47
- 4. 90
- 5. 42
- 5. 66
- 5. 70
It
ir f- 44.
> 20 40 60 80 1
40 Per c ent of c hord
3B%
- 5. 25
8
- 4. 67
- 3. 90
- 3. 05
- 2. IS
- 1. 17
- . 68
(- . 16)
0
1
1
fftf ^
1 \
b 1 \
jj
6
L. E. Rad. . 2. 48
Slope of radiu s
throu gh end of
c hord: 2/20
c ,
\ a,
25 "5 o
\ t \
20 u
1 \ \
24 k 20
1 \
1
/eg
* c . p.
1 \ . 1
^20%, 40
gVS-SO
\ ' 4
B

-3. 4
' ^ //
L/D
c y
^
4
1 ^
1'
4*
% 8 0 100
N
n*
\
J
-\
N
4*
*
-*^
' ,
I --, 4
01
1 H
1
-fll*
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2415 R. N . : 3,060,000
Size: 5- X30" Vel. fft. /sec ): B9. B
Pres. {sfnd. otm):20. 8Dote:3- IO- 3l
yS
- 12
*n A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2415 R. N . : 3,060,000
Date. 9- 10- 31 Test: V. D. T. 688
-5 - 16
L or - e c t 2 0 tc r tu n nel w oil e te c t.
s
c > r -e c t id tc ir it, 1, e O SPi c t r oho
0 4 6 12 18 20 24 28 32
Anale ofattach, ct (degrees)
0 .2 .4 ,6 .8 1. 0 1. 2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Lift c oeffic ient,C
t
FIGUHE 10.N.A.C.A. 241S ai rfoi l.
CHARACTERISTICS OP AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 1 5
0 4 8 12 IS 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attac k, a (degrees) '
. 11
H
l'
>

M na
\
\ ST
S
1
ne
\
\
I
/
|. JJ
a
' .
'
S
/
y
- "
,
0
,- "
*-*
sc
-< /J-
" '
u
> -
J
A irfoil: N . A . C A . 2418 R. N . :3,060,000
Date:9- 1 i- 31 Test: V. D. T. 669
J - <
28 8
. 2 . 4 ,6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 LB 1. 8
L /'ft c oeffic ient. C L
FIGURE 20N.A.CA. 2418 ai rfoi l.
A irfoil: N . A . C A . 2421 RM:3,00Q000
. Size: 5"x30- Vel. (ft. /sec ): 70. 5
Pres. (sthd. atm. ):20. B Date:9- ll- 3l
1
"Where tested: LM. A . L. TestV. D. T. 870
" C orrec ted for tu nnel- wall effec t.
- 8- 4 0 4 8 12 IS SO 24 28
2.0
1. 8
I. S
1. 4 .
LZ
t
1. 0%
. 0
1
O
si
s
. 4
J
32
. 12
' . //
44 . 09
40 - . OS
i
c
k
32 o. O S
\
s
2fi-g 8 \05
24- j,. 04
20%?. 03
i
*0
/ffg . 02
12 . 01
08 0
"
04 j- . l
V
7
,
x
P %- . 2
r
3
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2421 RM: 3,000,000
Date:3- ll- 3l Test: V. D. T. 870 i
c ~> r ~e zt d tc if if: m e as pe c t - ati o
;M|
-28 3
24
-20 u
.a
2 .4 ,8 1.0 1.2 1.4 I.B 1.8
Lift coefficient, Ci
16 BEPOET NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOB AERONAUTICS
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2S0B R. N . :3. 090000
Size: 5"x30" Vel. (ft. /sec ): B9. 2
Pres. (sfnd. atmj:2l. l Oate:9- l4- 3l
Where tested:L. M. A . L. Test:V. D. T. 672
- 3 -4 0 4 8 12 IS 20 24 2d 32
. 2 . 4 . 6 ,3 1. 0 1. 2
Lift c oeffic ient. &.
-N.A.O.A. 25 06 ai rfojl.
I
ÎB%
a T i
i fc 5 0
0 4< SI
I
j 0\
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 2S09 RM:3. 0BO,000
Size: S'x30' Vel. (ft. /sec ): B9. 8
Pres. (sfnd. otm. ):20. 7 Date: 3- 15- 31
Where tested:LM. A . L Test: V. DJ . 613
.44
2. 0 . 40
1.8 .3S
f.S .32
1.4 ,29-g
/.*g.|
1 .0%.20%
. et. /6g
n o
\. I2
. 08
. 6
0 4 8 12 IB 20 24 28 32
.1 0
.09
tos
,0.07
i
"
1-04
1.03
. 02
. 01
0
i- . a
8
c
w
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 2509 R. N . :3. 0B0. OOO
Date: 9- 15- 31 Test: V. D. T. 673
C orrec ted to infinite aspec t ratio
3
l
28 ;?
20 u
X
i
4 o
-1 6
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 I. Z 1. 4 1. 6 IS
iff? c oeffic ient, C t,
FtGBB 23.N.A.C.A 2609 ai rfoi l.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 17
. A irfoil:N A . C . A . ZSIZ P. . N . - . 3,
Size: S"x30' Vel. (tt. /sec . ):63. 4
Pres. (sthd. atm. ):ZI. O Dote: IZ- 3- 31
: Where tested:LM. A . L. TestMD. T. 7ZZ
A4
.40
.38
.12
.11
.10
.03
toe
. S
. 0. 07
/. O S
S 'S
j.24-^^.04
20 8 .0J
.16? .OS
J Z
'. 08
. 04
0
S-. 8
J
. - . 3
0 4 8 12 18 ZO Z4 28 3Z
FIOUEE 24N.A.C.A. 2612 ai
IS
. 11
. 10
. 44 - 03
2. 0 . 40 %. 08
1. 8 . 38
t. S . 32
1. 4 . Z8
- A irfoil: N . A . C . A . ZSI5 R. N . :3. 0BO,000
Size:5"x30" Ve/. (ft. /sec ): SS. 8
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):ZO. B Date:3- I8- 31
' Where tested. - LMA . L. Test:V. D. t 675
. 0. 07
1 6
| 8 > . of
1.2^.24^^-04
l.ot.Soll.03
. s*;. /eg . 02
a Q
. e^. iz - oi
. 08
0 4 8 IB 18 Z0 24 Z8 32
b x test N o. 7Z2
ay a , - 674
\

L%
\
\
s
\
'

S
y
'c xa
,*
/
. "
^2 =- "
; - "
,"
- *
v'
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2SI2 R. N . :3. 080. 000
Dale: 12- 3- 31 Test: V. D. T. 7ZZ
C orrec ted fc infinite aspec t ratio
45
I
d
8
JO 'S
8 {?
-/2
0 . 2 . 4 . 3 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient, d.
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2SI5 R. N . : 3. 080. 000
Date:3- I8- 3I Test: V. D. T. 675 .
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 I. Z
Lift c oeffic ient, O.
ri mmi 2.N.A.O.A. 2616 o
27077O36 3
. Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 2518 R.N.:3.030.000
Size: S"x30" Vel.(ff./sec.): 83.5
Pres.(st'nd.atm.):20.8Oate: 9-13-31
' Where tested:LMA.L. Test: V.D.T. B7B
Correctedfor tunnel-waifeffect
.44
2.0 .40
1.8 .38
i.e .32
1.4 .20
. 3. 07
J.06
-6
24- 1.04
SOS $. - 03
./fi g
Q
. 12
.08
.04 ,
0 '
0 4 8 12 18 20 24 28 32
H)-2
0
u
fc-v
I-
ft
*
s
\
\
,
/
)
<
s
/
W .
s
.<>
<"
* '
,' a
A ir foil: N . A . C . A . 2518 RM: 3,030,000
0ate:9- l3- 3l Test: V. D. T. 876
40
*|
*|
28 i
a
it*
.2 .4 .6 .8 i.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Lift coefficient, d.
FIOUEE 26.N.A.C.A. 2618 ai rfoi l.
. Airfoil: N.A.C.A.2SZI R.N.:3,130,000
. Size: 5-x30" Vel.(ff./sec.j: 88.3
Pres.(sfnd.atm.):2I.O 0ate:3-2l-3l
' Where tested:LM.A.L Test: V.O.T. 677
' Correctedfor tunnel-wall effect
2.0
1.8
i. e
1.4
1.2^
A0.|
A
o
6-
i t
* *
.2
0
-.2
-.4
.44
.40
. 10
. 03
Los
H
20$.03
8 "
16 P . 02
. 01
0
\-.2
8
.04
0
0 4 8 12 IB 20 24 28 32
\
\
\j
}
1
,a
/
^
r%
f
*- * S
if
7*
G T
A irfoil: HA J C A . 2521 R. N . : 3. 130. 000
D 3te: 9- 21 - 31 Test: V. D. T. 877
6 3r - e or id fc ir ti ni e a< pe c t - at o
I
28 ts
20 ^
8
l
4
8$
.2 .4 .6 W 12 1.4 iS tS
Lift coefficients.
FlQDEE 27.N.A.O.A. 25 21 ai rfoi l.
CHABACTEKISTICS OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 1 9
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2612 R. N . - . 3. 130,000
Size: S- x30' Vel. (ft/sec ): 68. 4
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):2l. 0 Dale: 12- 4- 31
' Where tested:L. M. A . L. Test. - V. D. T. 723
2.0 .40 ^.08
1. 6 . 32 o. OS
1. 4 . 28^ o. O S
1. 2^. 24- ^ j. 04
1. 0%. 20% S. O ?
o
. S*. / P . 02
. 6". 12
0 4 8 12 IS 20 24 28 32
. 01
QJ-.2
o
u
r
J
1 -4
\
,
\
\
\ 4 ,
s
s
'* - .
/
*fl
UJ /

'
X
'
.*
,- "
'
,,- - '
c
/'
A irfoil: MA . C . A . 2612 R. N . : 3. 190. 000
Dote:/2- 4- 3l Test: V. D. T. 723
20 u
0 . 2 . 4 . ff . 0 /. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient, Q.
FIGURE 28 N.A.O.A. 2SI2 airfoil.
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 2712 R. M:3,060. 000
Size:S- x30' Ve/. (ft. /smc ): 6S. S
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):2l. 0 Date: 12- 4- 31
' Where tested:LM. A . L. Test: V. D. T. 724
2. 0
1. 8
1. 6
1. 4
"Si
1. 0%
. 0
. a *
6"
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 2B 32
A ngle of attac k, a /degrees)
. 12
. 11
. 10
. 44 . 09
. 40 X . 08
l
,
\
1
. 36 . 0. 07
. 32 0- 06
U
>(
\
S
S
. 28^ f. OS
\
v
. 248 {,. 04
- -
. 20$ . 03
ojl
. 16 P . 02
08 0
s>
. 04 j- . l
T"
,'
~ fi
0 %- . 2
" *
y *
A irfoil: MA . C . A . 2712 R. M. - 3060000
|
D ote: 12- 4- 31 Test: V. D. T. 724
s
C ?r - e c f ?d tc ir ti ni e CT5 Pt > C n of o
132$
- 28ls
3 -
ie i
j "
/2P

s
u
4
*
u
i
. 2 . 4 . 6 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4
Lift c oeffic ient, ft
FIGUEE 29.N.A.C.A. 2712 ai rfoi l.
Airfoil; N.A.C.A. 4212 R.N.:3.240.000
Size: 5-X30- Vel.(ft./sec): 66.1.
Pres.(sfnd.atm):20S Date:l2-I0-3I
Where tested:LM.A.L. Test:V.D.T. 723
Correctedfor tunnel-wall effect
. 44
2. 0 . 40
1. 8 . 36
1. 6 . 32
1. 4 . 28
ISP
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack, a (degrees)
- II
\
^ no
%
rr
. y. u,
nc
\
\
&nc
V
\
\
!
/ 7
fr. O,
a
* ,* /
y
'
. 01
0
^
Q,
c/
< {J ~- i
- - '
Si 3
- '
^- . 3
A irfoil: MA . C . A . 4212 R. N . : 3,240,000
Date:l2- I0- 3I Test: V. D. T. 723
* -
4
C orrec ted' fc ifinife aspec t ratio
48
-44
- 40
l-M |
i
28$
.6
-24 'S
L
-20ti
'I
-.4 -.2 0 .2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2
L iff c oeffic ient, G.
FIQDEE 30N.A.C.A. 4212 ai rfoi l.
2S\
ti
Airfoil:N.A.C.A.4306 R.N. -.3080,000
Size: S-X30- Vel.lft./sec): 70.1
Pres.(sfnd.atm.):20.3 Dale:4-11-3/
Where tested:LM.A.L. Test: V.DT.S6I
Corrected for tunnel-walleffect
2. 0 . 40
1. 3 . 36
1. 6 . 32
1. 4 . 28
t. S
d
,24
/.OS. 20 g,
.s*; ./sp
.12
12
.11
.10
03
i,
8
.1.07
u
0. 06
y
' S.os
S
.04
.03
.02
.01
0
0 4 8 12 IB 20 24 28
32
n
Lj
\
'
,
\
1
\
I \
\ \
\ \
\
v
\
a
j
\
f* t
f
c
m
,
1
Jf
X
A irfoil N . A . C . A . 4306 R. N . :3. 080. 000
Date: 4- 11- 31 Test: V. D. T. 561
a ir ~e zH d tc ir h m e as P* c t r - jii o
28 a
0
4 o
4
-3S
1
.2 .4 .6 .6 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6
Lift coefficient, G.
Floras 31.K.A.O.A. 4306 ai rfoi l.
CHABACTEBISTICS OF AERFOIL SECTIONS FEOM TESTS IN VABIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 21
Sta. Up'r. Cw' r.
Tl
C
1. 25
2. 5
5. 0
7. 5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
eo
70
30
90
95
100
100
1. 98
2. 60
4. ZB
5. 05
5. 86
7. G5
7. 63
3. 34
350
89
7.65
6.71
5.46
3.95
3.16
1.16
(.09)
0
- .34
- 1. 21
- 1. 37
-1.36
-1.26
-1.0/
- . 75
- .60
- 50
- .43
- .29
- IS
- O S
.00
- .02
- .05
(-.09)
O
" 0
h-">
<
il*
__
1
1 20 40 60 80 I
Per centofchard
00
1
I
I
L,,ftad.:0.89
Slope ofradius
through end of
chord:4/15
6
0
20
1
I
o- f
.
/
40
^
//
/
60
/ /
80
>
100
\
s C .
rfoil: N . A . C . A . 4303 KM:3. 080. 000
ze: S'x30~ Vel. ftf. /sec l: 03. 8
- es. lsfnd. atm. j:20. B Date:4- I3- 3I
here tested: LM. A . L. Test: V. D. T. 563
i
p
w
t > r ~e c t 3< J fc r ru n net w 111 e te c t
0
8
e
4
o. S-
. 0
a *
< M
Q
6"
44
40
.32
.28^
IB I
.12
\
\
toe
1
. jj. 07
"\
w
no
0. 06
$.os
fe
It-
03 4
*
s
/
> '. s
. Oi
' .'
0
r--
%
< /J
t i '
s
Jf
U
s
A irfoil:N . A . A . 4309 R. N . :3,080,000
Date: 4- J 3- 3I Test: V. D. T. 563
'
C orrec ted fc infinite aspec t rat
40
. o"
20 u
< a
-4\
- c
-1 2
-1 6
0 4 8 1 2 1 6 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attac h, c t (degrees)
.2 .4 .6 .8 1 .0 1 .2 1 .4 1 .6 1 .8
Lift c oeffic ient, G,
-N.A.C.A. 4309 ai rfoi l.
4
Sta Up' r. L' w' r.
> fi
I
0
1.25
2.5
5.0
7.5
to
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
95
too
too
2.64
3.63
S.IO
6.22
7.12
646
5. 34
9. 82
1O. 0O
9. 75
3. 98
7. 35
6. 39
4. 62
2. 54
1. 38
(. 13)
0
-1.23
-1.75
-2.19
-2.34
-2.39
-2.3/
-2.17
-2.07
-2.00
- i. ee
-1.61
-1.28
- .95
- .64
- .38
- .25
is o
m
M~
c 20 40 60 80 1
Per centofchord
00
/
/
1
0 I
L.f.Rod.: 1.58
Slope ofradius
through end of
Chord: 4//5
0
/\
/\
1 \
L/D - P. -
)
>
/
//
I
\
\ 's
IO O
\
\
1
^
a
/
irfoil: N . A . C . A . 4311 RM:3. I80. 000
'ze: 5
K
x30- Vel. (ft. /sec ):68. 7
~es. (sind. atm):20. 8 Dale:it- 14- 31
here tested: LM. A . L Test: V. D. T. 731
. 5
/ f
P
w
c jr ~e c t ea tc r tun net-wat e tie c t
OM
.40 .
. 36 '.
.3Z
.28% \.l
.24^ ^.(
u 'S
s-
./eg
. IZ
0 4 S II 16 BO 24 23 32
IS
. 11
o x' Test N o. '/ 3
1 7D * 56' t
. 10
. 08
. OS
s
\
. OS
\
*
. 04
\
!
. 03 f
<*
0<
<>
/
. 02
/
s "\
01
* it
0
S
< *
f *
-. 2
S Be - ~
' a
. /*
- . 3
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 4312 RM:3. 180. 000
Date: 12- 14- 31 Test: V. D. T. 731
- . 4
c ?r -e ctid tc ititini e a-
P
=C r ito
3*1
28$
0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1,2 1. 4 1. 8 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient, &
FIGURE 33.N.A.O.A. 4312 slrfoll.
2 2 BEPOBT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOB AEBONATJTICS
4 ill
1
nt"
'1
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 43/5 R. N . :3. IS0,000
. Size:5'x30
-
Ve/. (fi. /sec ): 63. 3
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):20S Date:4- I4- 3I
' Where tested: LM. A . L. Test:V. D. T. 565
.44
2.0 .40
1 .8 .36
i.e
1 .4
.32
.28?
I.0,1 .20 Z
e\. iet
o Q
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
5
t f,,
. < u
nx
v
?nc
\
\
>
i
J
h'
03
ac
s
/
' ,
/
\
.*
- ,/4 d~'
V - P
u
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . - 4315 R. N . :3,120,000
Date:4- 14- 31 Test: V. D. T. S6S
-
4
C orrec ted tc ir ifinite aspec t ratio
- 48
44
28 B
.o"
-'S
o
--4 o
- a
& .
- - /2
. 2 . 4 . ff . 5 /. 0 I.Z 1.4 IS 1.8
Lift c oeffic ient, G.
FIOBB 34.N.A.O.A. 4315 ai rfoi l.
8 u
it s"o
, 8 o
Ar /o//-N . A . C . A . 43I8 RN . :3. 030000
Size: i~x30" Vel. fft. /sec ): 63. 5
Pres. (sfnd. ofm. ):20. 8 Date:4- I4- 3I
2. 0
1. 8
40 ~-
1
38 .
. 32 g i. e
1. 4
/. 2 d
S 'S
i 0, '
8^- 16 ?
0 4 8 12 IS 20 24 28 32
Angle ofattack, ot (degrees)
.12
.11

.10
.09
.08
it
.07
. 06
\
S
.O S
\
. }
. 04
/
1
. 03 1
>
*
f
.02
s
?
s ' ,
0
<S
^
- . /
*
- . 2
- . 3
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 4318 R. M. . 3,030. 000
Date:4- I4- 3I Test: V. D. T. 566
- . 4
C ir -e -t' d tc ir h m e OS pt c r 7t O
-- Si
-1 2
1 6
2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 W
Lift c oeffic ient, Q.
FIGURE 35 .N.A.O.A. 4318 ai rfoi l.
G
\
\
\
,
/
/
/
/
Sp
<
.<-
, >
'p.
.,.
jy
A irfoil. N . A . C . A 4321 RM. 3,120,000
Date:4- I5- 3I Test. V. D. T. 567
C orrec ted to ir finite aspec t ratio
12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle of attack, of (degrees)
28$
-12
IS
.2 4 .6 .5 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 IS
Lift coefficient, &
FIGEE 36.N.A.C.A. 4321 ai rfoi l.
Airfoil: MA.C.A. 4406 R.N.:3,100,000
Size: 5~ x30- Vel.(ft/sec): 63.4
Pres.(sfnd.atm.):20.9 Dote:8-2l-3l
Where tested:LM.A.L. Test.-V.DJ. 651
Correctedfor tunnel-walleffect
0 4 8 1 2 1 6 20 24 28 32
I" '
a
\
1
\
V
\
\
\
y
x
\
^
- r*
S
S
s
^
I
1
me/<
* '
* *
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 4406 R. N . :3,I00,000
Date:8- ZI- 3l Test: V. O. T. 651
L r s zl d Ic ir h ii e as pe ,r It o
.d
20 u
q.
/eg
-12
-16
2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
L ift coefficient. C
FlormE 37.K.A.O.A. 06 ai rfoi l.
2 4 EEPOBT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 4403 R. N . :3,170,000
Size: 5"x30" Vel. (ft. /sec . j: 68. 6
Pres. {sfnd. atm. ):2I. O Date:8- 24- 3l
Where tested:LM. A . L. Test:V. D. T. 652
C orrec ted for tu nnel- watt effec t
0 4 8 IS 16 20 24 28 32
-.2
o
U
I-
i
i
J
c
Bn
\
V
*
/
*,*- /
*
* ' -
* '
,'
,s*
- ;
77.
* ' ~
r
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 4403 R. N . :3,170,000
Dote:8- 24- 3l Test: V. O. T. 652
C orrec ted tc ir finite aspec t ratio
48
44
40
~vf
32 \
28 $
. 0*
24^
L.
20 "
0)
q.
IBS
3>
12-S
8 p
-12
- 16
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
L iff c oeffic ient, Ci
FIQUHE 38 .N.A.C.A. 4409 ai rfoi l.
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 44IS R. N . :3,200,000
. Size:5'x30* Vel. (ft. /sec ): 68. 6
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):20. 8 Date:l2- I5- 3I
' Where tested. - LMA . L. Test:V. D. T. 732
-8 -4
2.0 .40
1.8 .36
1.6
1.4
.32
SB
t
1-itS *>
1. 0. ^. 20
c
. s's. /ff?
o c
.6^.12
. 12
. 11
0 X
r
est N o. 732
1 VD ' 65^ 1
. 10
. 09
* * *
8
. . 07
S. O ff
\
\
$. 05
\
\
$. 04
\
if
$. 03
/
ft
. 02
c
X
*
s
X
. 01
0
**?
s
S
%
^
,.
ftjf-J
s
î
'
* c .
'14 -
A irfoil: MA . C . A . 4412 R. N . : 3,200,000
Dale:12- /5- 31 Test: V. D. T. 732
i-<
C 3r ~e zt *d tc ir t< n, e oz pt C 1 r iti o
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
,2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 L
Lift c oeffic ient C
t
FlQCBE 39.N.A.C.A. 12 B
J LI
#
mlfflT"
'" II
A irfoil: f/. A . C . A . 44/5 RM:3,110. 000
Size: 5~x30" Vel. (ft. /sec ): 69. 5
Pres. (sfnd. atm):20. 7 Dote:8- 26- 3l
Where tested:LI<f. A . L. Test. VO. T 654
1. 6 3?
Cj
1. 4
2 ?
' 2tf
M
$
< u
/ ok sow
. u
. 10
. 03
t. os
I
. B. 07
S.06
u
0.05
'S
\.03
.02
.01
0
0 4 8- 12 16 SO 24 28 32
C n
\
\
\
I \
\
p
4
f
. *',
'
* '
*'
. - . . r
"
^
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 4415 H. H. :3. 110. 000
Date: 8- 26- 31 Test: V. D. T. 654
C orrec ted fc fthi te aspec t roth
28 1 3
. 0
24
03:
D
-4 o
_QJ
s
^
12
0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient. C
- A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 44IS RN . :3. IO0. 00O
. Size: S"x30' Vel. (ft. /sec ): 63. 5
Pres. (sfnd. otm. ):20. 8 Date:8- 27- 3l
44
i. O 40
1. 8 36
1. 6 32
Cj
1. 4
. 24$ 1. 2
Q)
/. ok 20 \> ,
. u
8
\
. /e?
0
e" . 12
. 12
. 11
. 10
. 09
*<*
ft
a!
M. 07
g. O ff
0
\
\
f. os
^. 04
Z. 03
*n
. 02
. 01
y
0
i-/
/S
V
y
S
T* , ;
, U tî

A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 4418 R. N . : 3. 100. 000
Date:8- 27- 3l Test: V. D. T. 655
1 -
c 3r - e zt 3d tc ir it, ni e o-pi c ro //o
-48
- 40
[i
-321
-8 S
:
M
1
-aot
5
J
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
A ngle of attac h, of (degrees)
28 32 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2
Lift c oeffic ient,^
FKTORE 41.N.A.C.A. 4418 ai rfoi l.
27077O35 1
26 BEPOET NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOE AEEONATICS
- A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 442I R. N . :3. I10,000
. Size: 5"x30- Vel. (ft/sec ): 63. 4
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):20. 8 Date:8- 28- 3l
' Where tested:L. M. A . L. TestV. DT. 658
. 44
2. 0 . 40
1. 8 . 36
1. 6
1. 4
. 32
/. 2
d
. |V
> V
' 0&.S0O .
. < ?* ?
. 12
. 11
r >
. 10
l
;
. 03
< i
^
d,.
0 _
p
w
Si
*- .
is'
S. oe
8 -. 05
jj. 04
e. oj
. 02
S&o
. 0/
0
r'
. - -
^c
_.
^ 5
. '
U
A irfoil: MA . C A . 4421 R. N . :3. 110. 000
Dote:8- 28- 3l Test: V. D. T. 656
E-4
^8 b
0 4 . 9 12 16 20 24 28 32
.2 .4 .6 .8 1 .0 1 .2 1 .4 1 .6 1 .8
Lift c oeffic ient, C .
FIGURE 42.N.A.CA. 4421 ai rfoi l.
28X
o '^
S u
it 8 o
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 4506 RM:3,050,000
Size: S- X30" Vel. (ft. /sec ): 10. 0
Pres. (sthd. atm. ):20. 6 Date: 4- /5- 3/
2.0 .
1 .8 .
1. 6 .
1. 4 .
/ o|.
. u
. 5$ .
u
o
. < ?".
it
. 4^.
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
A ngle of of lac k, en (degrees)
. 12
. 11
- ;
$5
. 10
^0
~-
40 ^. 08
O < \
O
"1
. 9*
36 S. 07
U s
32 0- 06
<
28* R. OS
v
\
24- S . 04
h
1 \
20 fi ?. 03
)<-
tn
16 g . 02
IS . 01
; '
\
/^
V *
S
08 0
* *
<*
04 J-. /
. *
i
,,
o "Si -. a
J
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 4506 R. N . :3. 050. 000
Date: 4- 15- 31 Test: V. D. T. 568
1- 4
1 " c 3/- - e - I d tc it. m e ap< c r it o
28$
. d
241
%
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 I. Z IA 1. 6 1. 8
FIGURE 43.N.A.C.A. 45 06 ai rfoi l.
n
4
+ -
J
i i
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 4503 R. N . :3,I20. 000
Size: 5'x30~ Vel. (ft. /sec ): 63. 1
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):20. 9 Dole: 4- 15- 31
' Where tested. - LMA . L. Test: V. D. T. 553
C orrec ted for fu nnel- wall effec t
0 4 8 12 IS 20 24 28 32
*3
. 40 ^. 08
. 32 a- OS
. 28^ a- 05
s - b
.24% j> .04
.20$ ?.03
ST
. /fig . 02
Q
.12 .01
. 08 0
.04 J-./
0 ~i- . 2
I-
ft .
I
'S
1
s V
,
- =-
i-* A
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 4509 R. N . - . 3. I20. 000
Date: 4- 15- 31 Test: V. D. T. 563
C orrec ted tc finite aspec t rofic
40
.o"
24 %
I
0 . 2 . 4 . 8 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 IS
FIQUBE 44.N.A.C.A. 45 09 ai rfoi l.
. IS
. 11
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 45I2 R. N . :3. 200,000
Size: 5- x 30 " Vet (ft/sec ): 68. 2
Pres. (sfnd. otm. ):2l. l Date:l2- I6- 3I
' Where tested:LM. A . L. Test. V. DX 733
2.0
1.8
i.e
1.4
1.0%.20 5 .03
.8^.16? .02
.32
.28^
Z. OS
u
$. 05
'. 12 . 01
'. 08 0
.04 J-./
0 ~i- . 2
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle ofattack, et (degrees)
1
1
6 x Test N o. "733
iVC 57C )
s
\
s
v
)
/
l
/
if

S
y
s
&
"
>"
>
-*r *
s
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 45/8 R. N . : 3,BOO,000
Date:IB- i6~3l Test: V. D. T. 733
c or - e =/- d tc ir ii ni e OS pe c t r ?h O
. 2 . 4 . 8 1. 0 I. Z IA i. e m
L iff c oeffic ient. C
t
FIOOEK 4 6N.A.C.A. 4 51 2airfoil.
2 8 BEPOET NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE TOE AEEONATJTICS
A
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 4515 R. N . :3,08QOOO
Size: 5"x30~ Vel. (ft. /sec ): 69. 6
Pres. (sfnd. otm. ):20. 7 Dote:4- l6- 3l
Where tesfea. - LM. A L TestV. D. T. 577
1. 6
1. 4
' ' ' t
/. o. S
. 12
. 11
. 10
. 44 A 9
. 40 v. 08
. 8
. 36 g- 07
< u
. 32
o
g. oe
. as^" [f. O J
S! ^
. 24^ ^. 04
(D ^
. 20% . 03
<> 0.
j. /S|
I
.04 c
0 ^
0 4 8 12 16 SO 24 28 32
A ngle of ottoc k, c t (degrees)
I-
\
/)
h
J
y
rl
^
_
>
>
Sa0
^
c] M
A irfoil; N . A . C . A . 4515 R. N . : 3,080,000
Date:4- t6- 3I Test: V. D. T. 571
C orrec ted tc infinite aspec t roth
28$
20 u
I
iea
8
'2%
12
- IS
0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
FIGUBE 46.N.A.C.A. 45 15 ai rfoi l.
Sta. Up'r. L'w'r.
n
HU
0
1. 25
2
l
5. 0
7. 5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
10
80
30
95
100
inn
3. SS
4. 73
6. 49
7. 14
3. 74
10. 25
11. 27
11. 96
12. 37
ZS3
\S4
(0. 72
8. 92
6. 57
3. 69
2. 01
(. 13)
0
- 2. 2S
- 3. 16
- 4. 27
- 4. S6
- 5. 4/
- 5. 89
- 6. 01
- 5. 31
6
n
1 1 1
0 20 40 60 80 1
er c ent of c hord
00
J O
- r.
f
- 4. 69
- 3. 34
- 2. 98
- 2. 11
- 1. 34
- . 71
- . 44
(- . 13)
0
t ?
1
u / S
,/
fa r\
/
L. C . Rad. : 3. 5S
Slope of radiu s
throu gh end of
c hord: 4/25
J 3 -
2d\ 0
s
1 N
24^ 20
'S "V
C . p. f
.20% 40
1 ' 4
8o
J
f
$ &
1
8
Y
6
h
oz
,
'
ft e'o/oo
I -J no n
/
.4 .08 U
o "
//
}
( /
1 1
ti '
< ? n
-r
w
4 J
-/
/
rfoil: N . A . C . A . 45IB R. N . :3. 130. 000
ze: S- X30- Ve/. (ft. /sec ): 68. 3
- es. (sfnd. atm. ):2I. O 0ate:4- /6- 3l
here tested:LM. A . L Test:l/. D. T. 572
*i
i
5
0
-. 2 ^- . 3
P
- 8
W
- . 4 % -.4
t )r - e :t d tort jnnel w 111 ete c t
e
's
X 1
\
1
/
1
i
/
/.
/"
it
~s
/
< *
i<
S
^1
"'
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 4518 RM: 3. 130. 000
Date:4- I6- 3I Test: V. D. T. 572
I ir - e - t *d tc if it, ni e at PC >c r Dt/C
0 4 8 IB 16 20 24
.2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2
Lift coefficient, CL
FIQBE 47N.A.C.A. 45 18 ai rfoi l.
- A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 4521 R. N . :3. I50,000
Size: S\30" Vel.(ff./sec): 63.0
Pres. (st'ndatm. ):20. B Date: 4- 17- 31
' Where tested:LM. A . L. Test: V. D. T. 573
' C orrec ted for tu nnel- wall effec t
0 4 8 12 IS BO 24
SB 32 0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ients
FIGURE 4 8N.A.C.A. 4 521 airfoil.
SUoS.
Sta. Up' r L'w'r.
h
*
00
2. 0
44
40
36
32
SB
t
20 8
. is J>
. 12
. 08
04
0
. 12
. 11
. 10
. 09
tos
. 5
. 0. 07
8 . 06
u
$. 05
|. M
. 02
. 01
0
%- - 2
8
r
J
1 -
0
1.25
2.5
5.0
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
SO
60
J O
BO
90
55
. SO
inn
2.23
3.13
4.36
5.27
6.02
7. 7
8.01
8-60
9.01
9. 35
s. e
~ 32
7. 44
5- SS
3. 23
. . -
(.12)
0
-1.57
-2.1S
-2.6(
-3.17
-3.40
-3.56
-3.50
-33/
-3.00
-2.27
-1.41
- .56
.10
.40
. 31
. 14
(- . IP. )
0
s
L 1 20 40 60 80 I
Per centofchord
. .
1
1. 6
1. 4
< *<$
1- 0%
. G
s
\
0
et
. 2
0
- . 2
- . 4
. '
L.E.Rad.; 1.56
Slope ofradius
ihrouqh end of
chord: 4/30
\
0
\
\
20
\
- p. / \
f,/l
7~
'-
/
K /
60
/
'
1 / / '
//
J
V /
/ /
/
c
n
A
S
P
w
c
irfoil:N . A . C . A . 4BI2 R. N . :3,2I0. 000
ze: 5- x30" Ve/. (ft. /sec . ):683
- es. (sthd. atm. ):2I. O Date: 12- 17- 31
here tested:LM. A . L. Test: V. D. T. 734
/
/
O r - e ct20 /c r lu r t/til - w e tie c t
;
3> < > L
\
\
\
\
1
&0
^
S
y
ft*
*
u A
A irfoil: N . . C . A . 46/2 RM. : 3. 2/0,000
Date: 12- /7- 3/ Test:V. D. T. 734
L O r ~ e c t - d tc if, ni e a^ pt
C J r ato
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
40
J6
28 a
. 0
- I
20 u
*.
-12
.4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2
Lift coefficient, &
FIGURE 49 -N.A.C.A 48 12 ai rfoi l.
3 0 REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE TOR AERONAUTICS
?KV 0
i
M
k
m
s?
"I
40
18êo
4
80
B* 00
Sro. Up' r. L' w' r.

0
a
tt-
44
40
36
32
t?
2 4 1
20 8
IB g
. 12
08
04
0
. 12
. 11
. 10
. 09
toe
c
. S. 07
toe
ST. 05
'S
$ 04
. 02
. 01
0
f'
o
u
J - -
1.25
2. 5
5.0
7.5
IO
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
eo
30
95
100
100
2.21
3.01
4. 24
5.13
5.84
6.95
1. 74
8.31
8.7/
9. O S
3.35
8.47
7.67
6.2:
3.73
2.06
(.12)
-{,81
- 2. 22
-2.92
-3.32
~ 3.56
-3.7.9
-3.77
~3. SC
- 3. 33
-2.56
-1.64
- .65
.34
.95
.78
.42
(-.12)
0
**-
I
t r
00
2. 0
I. S
1. 6
1. 4
/. o. Sj
. u
*|
0
. 4"
. 2
0
- . 2
- . 4
0 20 40 60 80 1
Per centofchord
c ,
L.E.Rod.: 1.56
Slope ofradius
through end of
Chord:4/35
\
\
/ \
- . p.
' \
r(
* X - "
t * .
/
1
\ /
\
/
' /
<
/
W
'c
/ s
p
w
c
ze: S- x30" Vel. (ft. /sec ): S3. 7
- es. (sfnd. atm. ):2I. O Date: 12- 18- 31
here tested. - LMA . L. Test: V. D. T. 73S
3r - e c t eo tor fun nel w ail e te at
\
-in
/
-* -.
/
/
1
J V
/
AS ' /
V <*
'
**
"' "
.,,
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 4712 R. N . - . 3,160,000
Date: 12- 18- 31 Test: V. O. T. 735
C orrec ted fc finite aspec t ratio
28
20 o
p.
/ff
0 * 8 12 IG 20 24
. 4 . 8 . 8 1. 0 1. 2
L
FIGURE 5 0.N.A.C.A. 4712 ai rfoi l.
28 K
1 4
it 8 o
Sta. Up' r L' w' r.
tl
M
"1 0
(.25
2.5
5.0
7.5
10
IS
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
30
95
too
ion
3.70
4.33
6.32
3.42
3.56
11.03
11.74
11.32
11.31
11.44
10.48
9.11
1.31
5.30
2.89
1. 55
(.12)
0
- .79
- .94
- .79
- .48
- .15
.31
.26
.03
- .10
- .17
- .12
- .05
.01
.02
- .03
- .07
{-. 2.
0
,1
M
1 1 1
0 20 40 60 80 1
er c ent of c hard
oo
/
c:
/

L.C.Rad.-. 1.58
Slope ofradius
through end of
chord: 6/10
\ /
'
0
<
/^
20
V
/ I
P-
40
L/l
h- >
s '
60
if
80
'
I0
^
'C n
A rfoil: N . A . C . A . 6 2/2 R. N . : 3240. 000
. ? ze: S"x30" Vel. (ff. /sec ): 68. 1
'- es. (sfnd. aim. ): 20. 3 Dole: 12 - 21- 31
Here tested. - LMA . L. Test: V. D. T. 737
P
W
jr e du u nnel W fc!
.12
.11
.10
. 40 ^. 08
c
&
. 36 . 0. 07

. 32 a. OS
(S "
/. 2 g
/. o|
A;
o
6
U
.H4-S .04
.20 fi Z.03
. /sg
.12
.08
. 04
c
0 \
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
i
J
i
\

1
*1
/
4
t
"l
^
/
*
^
S
&
O r
<
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 6212 R. N . :3. 240. 000
n ate: 12- 21 - 31 Test: V. D. T 737
L or <-e cf3d ^C ItItni e o_
P
;c r ato
28$
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient, G,
ID 0
$ta. Up'r L'w'r.
4
IIL
0
.25
2.5
5.0
1.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
30
35
100
100
. .63
2* S
1. 75
4. 37
s. sa
7. 26
3.23
3. 30
s. oc
3.7S
S. 7
7. 20
5.30
4.21
2.34
1.24
(.06)
0
- .40
- .34
.O S
.SO
.96
1.13
2.45
2.64
3.00
2.98
2.86
2.62
2.21
1.63
.86
.43
(-.06)
0
fei
AT"
~ -
u l I
i
0 20 40 60 80 I
Per c ent of c hord
' JO
1
1
L.C.Rad.: 0.40
Slope ofradius
through end of
chord: 6/15
0
'
20
L m 1 C A 1
40
- f- ,
"
60
80
r
100
\
S /
^
C -
A
f
'
f rfail: N . A . C . A . 6306 RM:3,080,000
ze: S"x30"- Vei. (ft. /sec . ):69. 8
- eS. (sfnd. atm. ):20. 6 Date: 4- 11- 31
here tested:LMA L. Test: V. D. T. 575
7
s
- f
' p
W
L or ~e* zt sa tor tu n net w 7// e
2. 0 _ 40
1. 8 36
1. 6 32
cS
1. 4 28 <
Llej
**
+ *
/. o. fc 20 a
si
s
. 16 *
0
. e IS
. 4^08
0 4 8/2
A ngle of attac h.
16 20 24 28 32
x (degrees)
\
\
*n,
\
\
( \
. QJ
QJ
8
. oe
$. os
^ 04
|.
M
J
. 02
t
"* o
s V
. 01
si-
*- >'
0
d-i
V
- o <s
cv
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . B30B R. N . :3,080. 000
Date:4- n- 3l Test: V. D. T. 575
k- <
-l*{j
-2Sts
. o"
/2
-/S
0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient, C i
.20^40
Bw6
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 6303 fi. fi. :3. 110. 000
. Size: 5- x30" Vel. (ft. /sec ): 63. 4
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):20. 8 Date: 4- 18- 31
' Where tested:L. M. A . L. Tesl:V. D. T. S76
. 11
. 10
. 44 . 09
2J 0 . 40 ^. 08
IS . 36 . 0. 07
1.6 .32 o -06
J .
/.<* .28^ .OS
S -fe
/.Og.20g 5 .0J
$ -IS 5 -02
P
Q
. 6^. 12 . 01
.^ .05 0
.2 .04 ,<-./
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
!
!
\\
\
s
\
\
x
b
,
/
\ /,
/
V
* 0
' ">
* *

,
lr
^> S
J
* '
' I
J"r/4
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 6303 R. N . - . 3. 110. 000
Dale: 4- 18- 31 Tesf:V. D. T. 576
C sr -e -h d tc ir Ifn/ e dPC c r oh o
48
44
40
X%
*|
28
20 u
-a?
. 4 '. S . 1. 0
Lift c oeffic ient C L
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
FIOUBB 63.N.A.C.A. 6309 ai rfoi l.
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 63/2 R. N . :3. I80,000
Size: s'x. 30" Vel. (ft. /sec ): 68. 5
Pres. (sfnd. otm. ):2t. O Dafe: 12- 22- 31
' Where tested:LM. A . L. Test: li. O. T. 738
l-Ok
.12
.11
.10
.09
toe
.
. U. 07
1 . 06
. 28- g $. 05
a -fe
. 24^^. 04
. 20% . 03
IS p . 02
. 44
. 40
. 36
. 32
. 08
. 04
0
0 4 6 12 16 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attac k, oc (degrees)
I-
I
1
0 > i Test N o, 738
ayg -, 577
,
,
|
, i
1
\
\
\
\
\,
I*
r
<* <>
?
*
s
r *
,*
^
>
r /
s * * â
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 6312 R. N . - . 3,180,000
Date: 12- 22- 31 Tesf- . V. D. T. 736
C orrec ted fo infinite aspec t ratio
0 . 2 . 4 . S . 5 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 l. e
Lift c oeffic ient C
48
44
40
*
32$
20fc
. 0"
I
sets
/eg
4
- A
-as-
FIGURE 6*.N.A.C.A. 6312 ai rfoi l.
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 6315 R. N . :3,100. 000
Size: 5~x30" Vel. fft/sec . l: 69. 7
Pres. (sfnd. otm. ):20. S Dote:4- 20~3I
" Where tested: LMA . L. Test. V. D. T. 578
I. B
1. 4
1. 2$. .
1. 0%.
1 -
*t-
.32
sS
. 28- 1
0 4 8 12 IB 20 24 28 32
Anale ofattach, o: (degrees)
.12
.11
.10
.09
d
<- 08
. 0. 07
*
S. os
- u
tos
Hi
i- 04
^. 03
a,
.02
.01
0
1
{
-j.
\
\
\
\
J
//
S
w** fr
_n
'
* *
^
>
A
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 6315 R. N . :3. 100,000
Date:4- 20- 3l Test: V. D. T. 578
c ?r -e =/'d tc ir h ni e OS P C c i r DtlO
28
.d
24%
Q) '
/eg
12%
- 12
- 16
0 .2 .4 . 8 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1.6 1.8
L iff coefficient, CL
Wollt N . A . C . A . S3I8 R. N . :3. 080,000
Size: J'xJO" Vet.fft./sec.): 63.3
Pres(st'nd. otm. ):2/. 0 Dale- . 4- 20- 31
' Where tested:LM. A . L. Test: V. DJ . 573
2.0
I. a
IS
1. 4
1. 0%
.44
.40
.38
.32
tj
. 281!
. 0)
i. i8
'2 8 ,
. //
-10
-09
to8
c
. g . 07
\. 06
u
t.os
'S
i-04
.03
.02
.01
.4^.08
.2 .04
0 4 3 12 ie 20 24 28
32
<l
\
\,
\
*
,
/I
, ' }
S
V
/
r
a
,'
* '
<?
+ '
S a
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 6318 U. U. :3,080. 000
Date:4- 20- 3l Test: V. D. T. 573
40
32$
28$
. 0
24*
< U
Q.
/
<U
,2%
.2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
L iff c oe ffic ient, C
FIGURE 5 6 N.A.C.A. 6318 ai rfoi l.
!
"*)
^ L\
D
2
- - .
v
i
-
ar
sS
s
^*
',c
c
s
1
A i'rt oil: N . A . C . A . 6321 R. N . :3,140,000
Date: 4- 21- 3/ Test: V. D. L 580
L Or -e if 2d tc h nt e as P
f
- c t '-c/ o
12
-16
48
44
40
I
28 B
2"'t
01
b
-4 0
-/S
0 4 S/2 / 20 24
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2
L if! c oeffic ient, ft
34 REPOBT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOB AERONAUTICS
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 6406 RM:3,100,000
. Size: 5'x30- Vel. (ft. /sec ): 63. 2
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):2I. O Date:8- 31- 31
' Where tested: LMA . L. Test: V. D. T. 058
C orrec ted for tu nnel- wail effec t
2. 0 .
1. 3 .
1. 6 .
1 .4 .
U
t
/.0. .
.y
. a*.
8
it
o
-.2
4
. 12
\
40 ^. 08
1
30 . 8 . 07
32 o. OB
\ \
\
1
\
\
28- 8. 0S
, \
\ \
* * x -
04
\ \ 1
\
20% Z- 03
\ \
\
l
l
. IB P . 02
Q
. 12 . 01
\
s*V
J
\ St
\
\
*
s
08 0
04 J-.i
y
0 %- . 2
. ' s
CC7
- -
u
H. -. 3
A irfoil: MA . C . A . 6408 R. N . : 3,100. 000
6-4
0ate:8- 31- 31 Test: V. D. T. 658
1
A
C orrec ted to infini e aspec t ratio
28 if
20 o
Ok
- 12
- 16
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient, C L
A
A irfoil: MA . C . A . 640S KM:3,060,000
Size:S'x30" Ve/. fft. /sec ): 66. 8
Pres. /sthd. atm. ):20. e Date: 3- 1- 3/
Where tested: LMA . L. Test: V. D. T. 653
2. 0
1. 8
1. 6
1. 4 .
1. 0%.
. j
Q)
o
.6".
. 44
. 40
. 36
. 32
20%
0.
. 16 f
IS
.4^ .08
.2 .04
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
. 12
. 11
. 09
<- i.
. 0. 07
1. 06
s
\
I"
\
">
,. 04
. 03
. 02
. 01
S(.
In
0
d '
J,
S-
Q) ~. z
?
S"
" fm

^- . 3
1
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 6409 UM: 3060. 000
1
O J te: S- l- 31 Test: V. D. T. 653
# '
C jr - e - t 3d tc tr it, m e as
Pi
c r of o
- \36
- 20u
. 2 A . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 l
L iff c oeffic ient. G.
FIGURE 5 9.N.A.C.A. MOD ai rfoi l.
CHAKACTEBISTICS OF AIBFOIL SECTIONS FBOM TESTS IN VABIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 3 5
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 6412 R. N . :3,030,000
Size:S'x30" Vel. (ft. /sec . ):63. S
Pres. (sthd. alm. j:20. 8 Date:l2- 22- 3l
" Where tested. - LMA . L. Test:V. D. T. 733
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
' *? '
/.O.g.
o
el-
. 4^.
- 4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
. 12
. 11
) x TestN o. 73 !
i v a - . ,S6C
1
. 10
44 . 09
V.
40 %. oe
38 . 0. 07
3Z o. OB
r ?
u
28^ 0. 05
24# j. 04
20 . 03
/eg . 02
12 . 01
^*o
08 0
04 J - . l
-^'
0 %- . S
0
- **- -
. *.
k-. J
E
A irfoil: MA . C A . 6412 KM:3,090,000
Date:l2- 22- 3l Test: V. D. T. 739
6-4
*
C orrec ted fc Ir finite aspec t ratio
- 48
44
-40
36%
- 28 8
: *!
L
u
/ 8
-4 o
- 12
16
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 l 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient. 0.
0 : H= = = = =-
A irfoil: MA . C A . 64/5 N . :3. 060,000
Size: 5- x30- Vel. fft/sec ): 63. 8
Pres. (sthd. atm. ):20. B Dote:3- 3- 3l
' Where tested:LMA . L. Test:V. D. T. 661
1. 6
1. 4
1. 2,3
/. o. B
. G
!
o
e"
.32
.28-
.24i
.20
. /eg
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attack, c t (degrees)
.11
.10
.09
- X. 08
B. 07
11
0. 06
. u
$. 05
b
g. 04
1.03
.02
.01
0
<- >
t - . 2
o
u
k-.J
s
u
k
Si
y
//
/
f
^
< 5
f
- ^

T "
-
n" . - '
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 64/5 f?. N . :3. 060. 000
D ate:9- 3 - 31 Test: V. D. T. 661
C or - e c t 3d tc if iti m e at Pi c i- 3//C
â
-/
- /ff
. . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 IS
FlQtms 61N.A.C.A. 15 ai rfoi l.
3 6 REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE fOR AERONAUTICS
Airfoil: N.AC.A. 6418 R.N.: 3.100,000
5 /ze : 5\30~ Vel.(ft./sec): 69.4
Pres.(sfnd.alm.):20.8 Date: 3-4-31
Where tested:L.M.A.L. Test: V.O.T. 662
Correctedfor tunnel-wall effect
.12
.11
.10
.44 .09
2. 0 . 40 ^. 08
.5
1.5 .36 .0.07
1. 6 . 32 o . OS
"
1.4 .28^ S'.05
1.2^.24^ .04
/.aS-20 8 -03
S-""
s%.iel .02
o a
.e "./2 .oi
.4~ > .03 0
u 4 B 12 IB 20 24 28 32
a
.
\
!
1
f
'
a
o
. ,
,'
. *
,*
>
*- - ^c (
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 64/8 R. N . :3. 100,000
Date: 9- 4- 31 Test: V. O. T. 662
C orre ~ted tc finite aspec t ratio
48
- 44
- 40
i
-36 1
-28 1
. c
24%
I.
20X
c
'*8
I2[f
. . 6 . 8 1. 0
Lift c oeffic ient. C L
1.2 1.4 1.6 I.B
FlGOHE 62.N.A.C.A. 6418 ai rfoi l.
Sfa. Up'r. C wY.
p
if'
0
1. 25
2. S
5. 0
7. 5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
1C
80
30
95
too
/on
S. I 3
B. 60
8. 65
10. 24
'1. 52
13. 44
14. 79
15. 65
. : . . j-
6. - :
. 4
3. 44
//. OS
6. 08
4. 51
2. 46
(. 22!
0
- 2. 08
- 3. 04
- 4. 16
- 4. 81
- 5. 18
- 5. 52
- 5. 49
- 5. 23
- 4. 3!
- 4. 16
- 3. 40
- 2. S9
- 1. 83
- 1. 17
- . 85
- . 42
- . 22;
0
8 1 o
t
IT
m -
. .
. 11
20 40 60 80 I
Per c ent of c hord
00
. 10
0
'S
/
u 1 1
1
T > !
S
L. E. Rad. : 4. 85
Slope of radiu s
throu gh end of
c hord: 6/20
f
2s\ 0
t)
J
*"
'
4
s
/
24^ 20
if '
%20\40
^ i:
*- "
/- '
- /
X-
/
& ?
1 L/
. e^. /ffg .02
^ so/00
'
/
,'
o
4
"
J '
%
/ ft
.2 .04 ( J - . /
1 o{
h r\ V-
T
A
irfoit: N . A . C . A . 6421 R. N . :3. 030. 000
ze: 5"x30" Vel. (ft. /sec ): 70. 5
- es. (st'nd. otm. j:20. 4 Date: 9- 4- 3/
here tested: L. M. A . L. Test. V. O. T. 663
-4 I ,
r ,i
y .i
p
- 8
w
- . 4 \- . 4
J r ti lUI Id:' - w
"*
b
'
rV
v
\
/\
/
/
//
/
'
r*
0* **f
s
P*
7> a
*' LI
4
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 6421 R. N . : 3. 030. 000
Dafe:. 3~4- 3I Test: V. D. T. G63
C or - e zt 3d tc ii ni e o* pc r 0/ 0
o
- 44
- 40
"in"
;JS
3lk
$ .
-28*
.0*
- 20 u
1)
Q.
/eg
\
S3
o
0
-4^
&
1 s-
0 4 S 1 2 1 6 20 24 26 32
Angle of attach, ct (degrees)
0 .2 .4 .6 .6 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 I.
Lift coefficient, C
L
-16
6
- A irfoil: MA C . A . SSOS UM:3,170. 000
. Size: S- X30- VeKft. /sec ): 68. 5
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):2l. l Date:4- 23- 3l
' Where tasted:LMA . L. Test: V. D. T. 5BB
e.o
I.B
1 .6
1 .4
"2
/. of
i
. 6"
40 Z- 03
c
3B . 0. 07
\
32 0. 06
\
28^ v. OS
\
24g &. 04
\
\
<
20%?. 03
\
'
. 16 g . 02
12 . 01
L /
\ 1/
\. * #
S*
y (Xr
OB 0
04 j-.l
."
V
o i-.e
' } -:<
u
t: A irfoil: MA C A . 6506 R. N . :- 3,,170,000
Dote:4- 23- 3l Test: V. D. T. 586 i
-
4
-48
-44
-28$
1
|
0
-4ts
1 2
-IB
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
O . 2 . 4 . B . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 I
Lift c oeffic ient,^
FIOUBE 64N.A.O.A. 6E06ai rfoi l.
o>
y
y
S
ft
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 6509 R. N . :3. 110. 000
Date: 4 - 22- 31 Test: V. D. T. 585
Dr - e c t ',d tc ff if, ni e CT .
P *C r at o
28$
Ô u
05:
0
it
-a o
1 2
-1 8
12 16 20 24 28 32
Angle ofattack, ot (degrees)
. 2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 I.B 1.8
Lift coefficient,C
t
-N.A.O.A. 6609 ai rfoi l.
3 8 REPOBT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
Sto Up'r. L' w' r.
T= u
all
\
o
1. 25
2. 5
5.0
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
SO
60
70
eo
30
95
too
too
2. 57
3. 56
5. 02
6. 13
7. 06
B. 57
9. 69
10. 50
11. 07
ff.S6
11.23
1035
a 76
6.54
3.68
2.00
c m
0
- 1. 34
- 1. 62
- 2. 26
-2.43
-2.45
-2.27
-LSI
-1.47
- .33
- .O S
.71
t.2l
1.33
t.24
.72
.33
(-.12)
0
SI '
~- = .
1 "
'1 1
0 20 40 60 80 10
er centofchord
0 /
/
0
c ,
\
s
2 ? 0
L. C . Rad. : /. 58
Slope ofradius
\
\
chord; 6/2S
/
b
'
24^20
\ / c . f .
/
'S 1
f
/
/
g> /S^- 60 t
5 '*%
B0
i
t v. ^
t
j /
^
o "S ,'
a
i i
A
1 . 1 ze: S'x30" Velff/. /sec J : B8. 6
p ~es. (sfnd. atm. ):S0. 9 Date: 12- 23- 31
-
- 8
w here tested:LM. A . L. Test:V. DJ . 740
L or re c/ ec far 1 jnnei- al s He cf
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
. 2 A . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 K4 1. 6 1. 6
Lift c oeffic ient,C &
12 16 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attack, a (degrees)
. 11
< i
^ m
?> . Ub
f. os
. 04,
!
. 02
. 01
< *n
0
r*
< J '
s
r"
to - 2
jr-
y
Q,
* H
- "
u
r '
J
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 6SIS R. N . : 3,100. 000
Dofe:4- 22- 3l Test: V. D. T. S83
* >
3 '
c > r - e - t d fc ir rf/- 7/e O i Pi a r ofo
28 if
- fl S
1
. 2 A M .8 1.0 I.Z
Lift coefficient, 0.
FIQOBE 67.N.A.C.A. 6616 ai rfoi l.
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 6513 RN . . - 3,100,000
. Size: 5- X30- Vel. (ft. /sec ): 63. 3
Pres. (sthd. otm):20 Dote:4- 2l- 3l
' Where tested:LM. A . L. Test:V. D. T. 582
1. 6
1. 4
' ' * t
l. 0\
. 0
,8%
Q) *
0 4 3 12 16 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attac k, ot (degrees)
. 12
. 11
. 10
. 44 . 09
,
5
"&
o
. 40 ^. 08
C
. 36 $. 07
. 32 0. 06
28* O. OS
,
/
/
. 24& i,. 04
2o\Z. 03
. 12 . 01
orr
. 08 0
.04 J-J
* ' -
0 %- ,
^ =*y c /4
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 6518 UM: 3,100,000
Date:4- 2/- 3l Test: V. D. T. 582
S
28$
20^
12
16
2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient, &
Floras 68 .N.A.C.A. 65 18 ai rfoi l.
I
"i
c
d , 'ft .
5. 07
< ,
t. 06
%. 0S
'S
$,. 04
g. 03
. 02
. 01
&f
0
<a - . 2
U *
-*
y
</.
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . 6521 R. N . : 3. 080. 000
I i
D ate: 4~2l~3i Test: V. D. T. 581
'
L or '- e c t ?d tc II It ni e o.
~P
BC *r ot o
- 43
- 44
- 28$
- 12
- 16
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
A ngle of ailac k, a (degrees)
.2 .4 .6. .8' 1.0 12 1.4 1.6 1.8
Lift coefficient, C,
Fi oura 69N.A.O.A. 6621 ai rfoi l.
40 BEPOET NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOE AERONAUTICS
io\
i \
. A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 6812 R. N . :3. 2S0,000
Size: S- X30- Vel. (ff. /sec . ): 68. 0
Pres. lsthd. atm. ): 21. 0 Date: 12- 28- 31
' Where tested: LU. A . L Test: V. O. T. 141
0 4 8 IS IS 20 24 28 32
. 8 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4
FIOUBB 70 N.A.O.A. 6612 ai rfoi l.
I
24),
Sta. UD' r. L' w' r.
n
o\
1
0
L2S
2. 5
5. 0
7. 5
10
15
20
25
30
10
SO
60
70
80
90
95
IOO
100
236
3. 28
1.60
5.6/
6.14
7.75
8.75
9.5/
0. 07
0. 70
Z. - 2Z
0. 14
u;v
V- Q2
1- 83
2. 7
(.12)
0
-1.50
-2.03
-2.53
-2.89
-3.02
-3.0/
-2.80
-2.13
-/.99
- 92
.19
/.3I
2.31
2. 73
1. 86
I. OZ
(-.12)
0
% r
- r -
Ss,
\ r
_. - =-
1 1
0 20 40 60 80 10
er centofchord
L. E. Bod. : I. SQ
Slope of radiu s
throu gh end of
c hord: 6/35
0
20
40
a= -
L/l c.p.
~=*
60
A
/
(
/
i00
/
V G
j /
7
A
1 5 ze: 5"x 30" V el.(ft./sec): 68.5
P -esJsthd.atm .): 20.7 Date: 12-23-31
W here tested:LM.A.L. Test:V .D.T. 742
L jr ^c-tMtor tjnnel -w al e tie ct-
44
2.0 .40
1.8 .36
1.6 .32
1.4 .28
l. 0ij. 20
a . 16 P
8 12 IS 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attac h, ot (degrees)
. 12
II
09
Z- . 08
\i
:
. . 07
'
S. os
\
\
j
f. os
s
f
&. 04
/
>
//
/
/
/
S
02
S /
s
. 01
â
0
>
<r~
(J"-/
S>
^ - 9
1
Airfoil: N.A.C.A. 6712 R.N.:3.230,000
-4
D jte: 12-23-31 Test: V .D.T. 742
irrected to infinite aspectratio C
I J
^
1 . 1 .t 1. 0 1.
p
/. 4 1. s /. ? i . 0
- 44
40
32
0-
J5
28 tf
1
sat
|-a|
l/ft c oeffic ient C t,
CHARACTERISTICS OP AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 4 1
SJ
1
^ ti
O i
/
/
i
/
/
1
1
t
s.
-' .'
."
\
V ,
i
V
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . OOOST R. N . :3,180. 000
Date:4- 8- 3l Test: V. D. T. 554
C orrec ted to mfinite
r
aspec t ratio
46
44
40
3B\
i.
28 Ss
. o'
"1
< b
d

""I
- IS
- IS
12 IB 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attac k, a {degrees}
0 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
L ift c oeffic ient, C
L
FIQOBK 72.N.A.O.A. MOOT ai rfoi l.
m
2.0
1. 8
1. 6
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 00068 RM:3. 090. 000
Size:S'x30' Vet. (ft. /sec ): 63. 5
Pres. /sfndatm. ):20. 8 Dote: 4- 8- 31
Where tested: LM. A . L. Test: V. D. T. 556
C orrec ted for tu nnel- watt effec t
. 36 3. 07
. 32 a . 06
Vs o
1. 4 . 28
/. 0.
| f. os
.24# &.04
20%?.03
. /eg . 02
. 6?. 12 . 01
. 08
. 04
0
i:
i
A ir. foil: N . A . C . A . 0008B R. N . : 3. 090,000
Date: 4- 8- 31 Test: V. D. T. 5S6
36
28$
4
4 o
0 A
A ngle
8 12 16 20 24 28 32
of attac k. c <c (degrees)
. 2 A . 6 . 8 1. 0 12 /A 1. 6 1. 8
L
FIGURE 73.N.A.O.A. 0006B ai rfoi l.
4 2 BBPOBT NATIONAL ADVISOBT COMMITTEE FOE ABEONAUTICS
I
24 fc 20
5 . 20 g 40
isêo
12$ so
8 /00
/f/^j //: AC/1 . 00/2 r R. N . :3. I20,000
Size: 5'x30~ Vel. lft. /sec ): 83. S
Pres. (sfnd. atm. ):20. 5 Date: 4- 3- 31
' Where Tested: LM. A . L. Test: V. D. T. S48
C orrec ted for tu nnel- wait effec t
2.0
1 .3
t.e
1. 4
tj.
1- 0% .
A
c
.4-
.2
0
-.2
. 12
. 11
44 . 09
. 40 ^. 08
< . ,
. 36 . 0. 07
. 32 p . OS
. 28^ S. OS
24- j) . 04
\
V
V
\
. 20% . 03
. 161 . 02
Q
. 12 . 01
Oi0
s ' \
y /
s
|- *"
~- . v
. 08 0
,"
, "
. 04 J - . l
./
'c T2
0 'S-. *
^. - . 3
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 00I2T . M. : 3,120,000
Date: 4- 3- 31 Test:V. 0. T. S48
0 4 8 12 IB 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attac h, u (degrees)
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 I.
Lift c oeffic ient. ^.
/eg
ri ODBB 74N.A.O.A. 0012T ai rfoi l.
. 12
. 11
. 10
. 44 . 09
. 40 %. 08
a
.
. 36 . 5. 07
[
. 32 olO S
\

\
\
. 28^ $. 05
. 24- ^ sj. 04
,
\
\
u
- - j
A
20%?. 03
S
S *
B
1
. 16 ? . 02
. 12 . 01
ot
s
s
r*
. 08 0
- 'c _,
. 04 J - . /
i * '
0 t - . 2
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 00I2B R. N . :3,0S0. 000
Date: 4- 4- 31 Test: V. D. T. SSO
h
c ir -e - t 'd fc ir ti - 11 e az pc c r at 0
48
44
-20u
Hi
0- 4 8 12 16 20 24 23 32
A ngle of attach, a (degrees)
.2 .4 .6 .8 t.0 1.2 1.4 t.6 1.8
Lift coefficient, d
FIGOEE 76.N.A.O.A. tt
CHABACTERISTICS OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 43
*i20
if/6
%40
foil: N . A . C . . OOIBT R. N . :3,150,000
Size: 5"x30" ' Vel. (ft. /sec ): 69. 2
Pres. (st'nd. atm. ):20. 6 Date:4- 7- 31
Where tested: LM. A . L. Test. V. DJ . 552
. 44
. 40
. 36
32
cS
. 28l
'. 24- S
,. 20
&
. 16?
. 12
. 12
. 11
. 10
. OS
toe
.
.^.07
XoB
u
0. 05
k-
04
\. 03
. 02
. 01
0 4 S 12 16 20 24 26 32
i-4
< ;,
\
\
S
'
/ J
S
S
*- *
^
S
-~
s-
- '
-" /C
1/4
> '
. ?7_
A irfoil:N . A . C . A . OOIBT R. N . :3,150,000
Date:4- 7- 3l Test: V. D. T. 552
C orrec ted fc infinite aspec t r itio
24-%
20 u
<D
Q.
- 12
- 16
. 2 . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient. G
FlGOSS 76N.A.C.A.0018 Tai rfoi l.
12 16 20 24 28 32
A ngle of attack, at (degrees)
. 11
\
r-
toe
I'
07
S. o.
""
\
\
\
\ \
\ i
1 1 - .
\
',
i
^. 04
A
. 03
(** f
s /
. 02
c
ft S> s
{S **
**
'
. 0/
S
*
r
^ *"
tl '
0
A irfoil: N . A . C . A . 0QI8B R. N . :3. i80. 000
n ate: 4- 6- 31 Test: V. D. T. SSI
* '
L or re c t 3d tc It itl ni e c. ~pt c r er f o
*5
<<0
23fc
fj
S|
. 2 .4 .6 .6 10 LZ 1.4 1. 6 1.8
Lift coefficient-, G.
Fi GUBE 77.N.A.O.A. C018 B ai rfoi l.
Sto. UpY. L'w'r.
! >
* 1
1
I
48
0
as
2. 5
. 0
7. 5
10
IS
20
2S
30
40
SO
60
70
60
30
3S
100
inn
2. 24
2. C
4. 2S
5. 16
5. 84
1. 41
7. 82
7. SB
7. 76
7. 03
5. 34
4. 61
3. 16
1. 63
. 87
(. 13)
0
- 1. 57
- 2. 17
- 2. 86
- 3. 25
- 3. 57
- 3. 68
- 4. 02
- 4. 08
- 4. 02
- 3. 84
- 3. 55
- 3. 18
- 2. 72
- 2. 10
- 1. 26
- . 14
(- . 13)
0
S6 '
W" "T
"- -
S o
"I
rr
\-
H
0 20 40 60 80 100
40
rer c ent ofc hord
0~
36
?
K3
32$
b 1
/ 1
28$
S~
\
"t) 1 \
"?
c
L. E. Rad. : I. S8
Slope of radiu s
ihrau qh end of
c hord: O. I31
L\
1 \
>,
\
20^
i
\
i
\ > * .
/eg a4
k
SD
5?oE40
\ I
% 16^60
c.p:
\
i. 2^. 24- ^ ^. 04
,
- -
V
t* < u *
s>
"t
1
s
i
7
fr ** s
/
"J
'
\
{
z. -
oz
-as> -
s
/ .' '
4
'
y
8 o 100
/ ^
n}
/
- '
< \ _ _ . $
^f+
r
-4i
1 "
s
i ' a
,S .04 f$-.l "m rfil
1 0^ -& * $
0
u
-.2 + . -.3
-.4 % -.4
ze: 5'x3 0" V el.(ft./sec): 68.3
res. tsfnd. aim ] :20.6 Date :2-28-32
- 12
"**
p Airfoil:N.A.C.A. 2R,I2 R.N.:3,260,000
Date: 2-26-32 Test: V .D.T. 764
- 8
Where tested: LMA . L Test: V. D. T. 764
- 16
C or re ctec t o/- lur net w oil e ne c t Corrected tc infinite aspectratio
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
. 2 . 4 . 6 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 1. 6 1. 8
Lift c oeffic ient. C L
FlQDEE 78 .N.A.O.A. 2Hi l2 ai rfoi l.
28
24
^20
gws
i"
S 8
Sfa Up' r. Cw' r.
> ir
0
1.25
2.5
5.0
7.5
IO
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
BO
30
35
100
mo
230
3.16
4.38
5.29
533
6.97
7.58
7.3/
8. on
7. 63
6. 73
5. 49
4. 06
2. 61
1. 26
. 66
(.13)
O
0
-1.52
-2.10
-2.76
-3.17
-3.42
-3.74
-330
-3.97
-4.00
-3.98
-3.87
-3.66
-3.27
-2.64
- 1. 63
- .95
(-.13)
0 20 40 60 30 1
Per centofchord
0
Y
o
/
^
f
ft 1
s
L. C . Rad. : 1. 58
Slope of radiu s
'- ' I
'
*'
1
c hord: O. 153
V
t* o
c .
Pf r \
Nt
'
} ,/n /
-I s
g< w
f
/ \
^ O U
, /
/
80
/
/
* o/00
< '
C
/ s
u
^%
1
0.
rfoll: N.A.C.A. 2RBIZ R.N.:3,I30.000
ze: 5~ x 30- V eifft/sec): S3.4
-es.(sfnd.atm .):20.SDate:2-26-32
here tested:LM.A.L. Test:V .O .T. 765
orrected for tunnel-wall effect
. ^
, p
t)
w
- 3 - 4 0 ( t IZ 16 2 0 2 4 2 8 2
0 40
8 36
6 32
c S
4 28<
^d
24$
o. fc 20
, u
B
%
/S?
O
e,
. IS
. 12
. 11
. 09
4
Z. - . 08
k a
\
S. 06
\
\
$. 0S
V
^
s
. 04
"'.
.
!
s\
^
. 02
. 01

0
4,
r
,
< /- /
* " (
CU--2
Airfoil:HA.C.A. 2R2I2 R.N.:3,130,000
Date:2-26-32 Test: V .D.T. 765
Corrected fo infinite aspectratio
h 4
->
1
J
.' r .t .i i. i /
9
1. 4 /. 1. 8
48
- 44
-2
A ngle of attac k, c e (degrees) Lift c oeffic ient, C t
FIGXJBE 79.N.A.C.A. 2Ki l2 ai rfoi l.
CHAEACTEEISTICS OP AIBFOIL SECTIONS FKOM TESTS IN VABIABLE-DENSITY WIND TDNNBL 4 5
00/2F ooiart
i
-"ll|ii i
Sla Upr. L' wr. Up'r. _ . '. -.
i
ffl-
1. 25
2. 5
5- 0
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
95
1. 89
2. 6!
3. 55
4. 20
4. 68
5. 35
5. 74
5. 34
S. 00
5. 74
4. 31
1. 9S
. 50
. 50
. 50
. 50
- 1. 39
- 2. 6!
- 3. 55
- 4. 20
- 4. 68
2. 3=.
- 5. 74
- 5. 94
- 6. 00
- 5. 14
- 4. 31
- 1. 96
- . 50
- . 50
- . 50
- . 50
(- . 501
1. 89
2.6:
3. 55
4. 2C
4. 6- 5
5. 35
5. 74
5. 34
6. 00
5.74
4.31
1.96
.SO
- .41
-3.23
-5.45
( 7.55)
- 1. 69
- 2. 61
- 3. 55
- 4. 20
- 4 S3
- 5- 35
- 5. 74
- 5. 94
- 6. 00
- 5. 74
- 4. 31
-1.96
- . 50
1 "
1 20 40 60 80
Per c entof c hord
00
o
C ,
1
A

f /
u
/' /
- 4.
- 6
30 / 1
f
t;
98.79-
tO O U.SO )
_
/ 1
2B\ 0
t
'
L.C.Rad.-.I.Se
1
J i
'' /
1 ,
4îU
fi A V
" ft
-/ x_' ' ,
^\
20% 40
C
p
ft
I- ^
-4> ' >
i- "%** t
a~ - . r ^. js
iBêo
I <n ?f ?<
v Ih/D I t
p/
*ai
* "v /
- ff
u
/ \ /
a'o/oo
/
\ /
-~-
^ f
/ - -
A

/ . v
4 S
* "'a , r
'u
*~
c > . .
o\ , /''
* - 1
/ 00l2FoB,00l2F, R. N . :3,230. 00O
5- X30- Vet. tft/sec . l: 66. 1
-I
1
Pres. (sihd. affn. }:2I. O Date: !- (9&IBh32
Where tested:LMA . L. V. D. T. 75I&753
3 1 * i I 1 li 1 so 2 4 2S 32
N . A . C . A OaiSF aOOISF, R. N . : 3,230,000
Date:l- @b\l2)- 32 Test: V. D. T. 75/3753
. 6 . 8 1. 0 1. 2 1. 4 I. S LB 2. 0
FIGUEE 8 0N.A.C.A. 0012F0 and OO12F1 ai rfoi ls.
PRECISION
A ge ne ral di scussi on of the e rrors and corre cti ons
i nv olv e d i n ai rfoi l te sti ng i n the v ari able -de nsi ty tunne l
i s i nclude d i n re fe re nce 8 . In conne cti on wi th thi s
re port, i t was hope d that a more .spe ci fi c di scussi on of
the v ari ous source s of e rror and se parate e sti mate s of
the v ari ous e rrors mi ght be gi v e n. Howe v e r, afte r a
care ful study of all the me asure me nts i t be came
apparent that practically all the errors may be regarded
as acci de ntal; that is, of the type the magnitude of
whi ch may be st be e sti mate d from the di spe rsi on of the
re sults of i nde pe nde nt je pe at me asure me nts. The
major porti on of the se e rrors i s cause d by i nsuffi ci e nt
se nsi ti v i ty of the balance and manome te rs, by the
pe rsonal e rror i nv olv e d i n re adi ng me an v alue s of
sli ghtly fluctuati ng quanti ti e s, and by the e rror due to
sli ght surface i mpe rfe cti ons i n the mode l. The last i s
pe rhaps the most se ri ous source of e rror. The mode ls
we re care fully fi ni she d be fore e ach te st, but the pre s-
e nce of parti cle s of hard fore i gn matte r i n the ai r stre am
te nde d to cause a sli ght pi tti ng of the le adi ng e dge of
the mode l duri ng e ach te st. Thi s pi tti ng was probably
the major source of e rror i n conne cti on wi th the e arli e r
te sts, but i t was re duce d for the late r te sts whe n the
ne ce ssi ty of a more care ful i nspe cti on of e ach mode l
was appreciated. Afte r a consi de rable pe ri od of
running the particles in the tunnel were found to be-
come lodged, pe rmi tti ng thi s source of error to be
large ly e li mi nate d duri ng the late r te sts. For thi s
re port, howe v e r, the e ffe ct of the e rror from thi s source
has be e n mi ni mi ze d by re pe ati ng the te sts of many of
the ai rfoi ls, i ncludi ng all of the symme tri cal se ri e s
ori gi nally re porte d i n re fe re nce 2.
The magni tude of all such acci de ntal e rrors was
judge d from the re sults of re pe at te sts of many
ai rfoi ls, and from the re sults of approxi mate ly 25
te sts of one ai rfoi l that we re made pe ri odi cally through-
out the investigation to check the consistency of the
me asure me nts. The acci de ntal e rrors i n the re sults
pre se nte d i n thi s re port are be li e v e d to be wi thi n the
li mi ts i ndi cate d i n the followi ng table :
a 0.15
p f 0.01
i w 1-0.03
C
m
,
0.003
r
(p _
0l
I 0. 0006
ODolOi -u; {-0.0002
C
Do
(C
L
= l)
0.0015
-0.0008
In addi ti on to the consi de rati on of the acci de ntal
e rrors, all me asure me nts we re care fully analyze d to
consi de r possi ble source s of e rrors of the type that
would not be appare nt from the di spe rsi on of the
results of repeat tests. A rather large (approximately
1.5 pe rce nt) e rror of thi s type i s pre se nt i n all the ai r-
4 6 EEPOET NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOE AEEONATJTICS
v e loci ty me asure me nts re sulti ng from a re ducti on i n
the appare nt we i ght of the manome te r li qui d whe n the
de nsi ty of the ai r i n the tunne l i s rai se d to that cor-
re spondi ng to a pre ssure of 20 atmosphe re s. The
e ffe cts of thi s e rror, howe v e r, are re duce d by the pre s-
e nce of anothe r e rror i n the ai r-v e loci ty me asure me nts
due to the blocki ng e ffe cts of the mode l i n the tunne l.
The me asure d coe ffi ci e nts, obtai ne d by di v i di ng the
me asure d force s by }ipV, as we ll as the de ri v e d coe f-
fi ci e nts are , of course , affe cte d by e rrors i n the ai r-
v e loci ty me asure me nt. Asi de from thi s source of
e rror, i t i s be li e v e d that only two othe r source s ne e d
be consi de re d: fi rst, the de fle cti on of the mode l and
supports unde r the ai r load; and se cond, the i nte r-
fe re nce of the ai rfoi l supports on the ai rfoi l. The
angle of attack and the mome nt coe ffi ci e nt are affe cte d
by the de fle cti on of the ai rfoi l and supports. The
e rror i n angle of attack, whi ch i s proporti onal to
Cmc/i , was found to be approxi mate ly 0.1 for an
(? '*
V
\
6
2n per rac Han
^
?
. 0 4 8 IS 16 so S4
Maximu m thic kness in per c ent of c hord
FIGURE 8 1.Vari ati on of li ft-curv e slope wi th thi ckne ss.
ai rfoi l hav i ng a mome nt coe ffi ci e nt of 0.075 . The
e rror from thi s source i n the mome nt coe ffi ci e nt i s
i nappre ci able at ze ro li ft, but at a li ft coe ffi ci e nt of 1
may amount to 0.001. The e rrors re sulti ng from
the support i nte rfe re nce are more di ffi cult to e v aluate ,
but te sts of ai rfoi ls wi th di ffe re nt support arrange me nts
le ad to the be li e f that the y are wi thi n the li mi ts i ndi -
cate d i n the followi ng table :
C
"c li
C
Do
(Ci = 0) I
OD
0
(G L= 1)
0.05
0.00
-0.02
0.001
0.0002
0.0000
0.0010
The tunne l-wall and i nduce d-drag corre cti ons ap-
pli e d to obtai n the ai rfoi l se cti on characte ri sti cs mi ght
also be tre ate d as source s of syste mati c e rrors. Such
e rrors ne e d not be consi de re d, howe v e r, i f the se cti on
characte ri sti cs are de fi ne d as the me asure d characte r-
i sti cs wi th ce rtai n calculate d corre cti ons appli e d.
Errors i n the tunne l-wall corre cti ons, howe v e r, should
be consi de re d whe n the re sults from di ffe re nt wi nd
tunne ls are compare d. For consi de rati on of the se
e rrors, the re ade r i s re fe rre d to re fe re nce s 9 and 10.
For the purpose of compari ng the re sults from di ffe r-
e nt wi nd tunne ls and of applyi ng the se re sults to ai r-
plane s i n fli ght, i t i s also ne ce ssary to consi de r the
e ffe cts of ai r-stre am turbule nce . In ai r stre ams hav i ng
di ffe re nt de gre e s of turbule nce , the v alue of the
Re ynolds Numbe r cannot be consi de re d as a suffi ci e nt
me asure of the e ffe cti v e dynami c scale of the flow
The ai rfoi l characte ri sti cs pre se nte d i n thi s re port we re
obtai ne d at a v alue of the Re ynolds Numbe r of approx-
i mate ly 3,000,000, whi ch corre sponds roughly to the
Re ynolds Numbe r attai ne d i n fli ght by a me di um-
si ze d ai rplane flyi ng ne ar i ts stalli ng spe e d. Consi d-
e rati on of the e ffe cts of the turbule nce pre se nt i n the
v ari able -de nsi ty tunne l (se e re fe re nce s 11 and 12) le ads,
howe v e r, to the be li e f that the se re sults are more
ne arly di re ctly appli cable to the characte ri sti cs that
would be obtai ne d i n fli ght at large r v alue s of the
Re ynolds Numbe r.
8
1
c . 08
Symmetric al at - foil
Sn per radian
1 3
o S! ' mean c a Tiber
1
a
0
+ ex
O . , ? . 4 . 6 . 8 1. 0
C amber position in frac tion of c hord
(A bsc issa of maximu m mean- line ordinate}
FIGURE 8 2.Vari ati on of li ft-curv e slope wi th cambe r. Re sults for 12 pe rce nt thi ck
ai rfoi ls.
DISCUSSION
The re sults of thi s i nv e sti gati on are he re di scusse d
and analyze d to i ndi cate the v ari ati on of the ae ro-
dynami c characte ri sti cs wi th v ari ati ons i n thi ckne ss
and i n me an-li ne form. For the analysi s of the e ffe ct
of thi ckne ss, te st data from conse cuti v e te sts of ai rfoi ls
hav i ng di ffe re nt thi ckne sse s and the same me an-li ne
form are use d. The analysi s of the e ffe ct of the me an-
li ne form i s made wi th re spe ct to conse cuti v e te sts of
ai rfoi ls of the same thi ckne ss (12 pe rce nt of the chord)
and re late d me an-li ne forms. The re sults are com-
pare d, whe re possi ble , wi th the re sults pre di cte d by
thi n-ai rfoi l the ory, a summary of whi ch i s pre se nte d
i n the appe ndi x.
LIFT
li ft curv e .In the usual worki ng range of an ai r-
foi l se cti on the li ft coe ffi ci e nt may be e xpre sse d as a
li ne ar functi on of the angle of attack
whe re o
0
i s the slope of the li ft curv e for the wi ng of
i nfi ni te aspe ct rati o and a
L
i s the angle of attack at
ze ro li ft.
The v ari ati on of the li ft-curv e slope wi th thi ckne ss
i s shown i n fi gure 8 1. The poi nts on the fi gure rep-
resent the deduced slopes as measured in the angular
range of low profile drag. These results confirm
pre v i ous re sults (re fe re nce 1) i n that the y show the
li ft-curv e slope to de cre ase wi th i ncre asi ng thi ckne ss.
The cambe r has v e ry li ttle e ffe ct on the slope , as
i ndi cate d i n fi gure 8 2, although a re arward mov e me nt
of the posi ti on of the cambe r te nds to de cre ase the
- 1. 8
A fax nu rr thi c kn ess faf )er

c en / -,
S
s e
s
IS
18
- I. S
Tt eor efic ale itr\, e,
i>
_-
- . 8
*~r Z****
,
)
? f . 7 . 8
C omber position in frac tion of c hord
[A bsc issa of maximu m mean- line Ordinate}
FIGURE 8 3.Vari ati on of angle of ze ro li ft wi th cambe r. Poi nts shown are for 12
pe rce nt thi ck ai rfoi ls. Curv e s i ndi cate ge ne ral tre nds for the di ffe re nt thi ck-
Ac?
1. 8
1. 4
I. S
1. 0
. 8
6
. 4
. 2
gi v e n me an li ne wi thout alte ri ng the cambe r posi ti on.
The the ory also pre di cts an i ncre ase d ne gati v e angle
as the position of the camber moves back along the
chord. The experimental values are compared with
the the ore ti cal v alue s i n fi gure s 8 3 and 8 4. The e x-
1 1
B3-
S4
as
1
a
o
0 44 o 64_
65
1. 00
0 45
6
9
* * ^fc-
~ .
- T - -
- -
.y o
T "?- -
\
9~-
~^
' /'
9 < ? ~- s
S- T k
3-
f
9
fv
i
s
s
A X
k
%
- 64
'. 80
1
5j -
o-
A
- A
K
65
a la is so 84
Vari ati on of angle of ze ro li ft wi th thi ckne ss. Numbe rs re fe r to me an-
cambe r de si gnati on.
i ~ ~ \-~ -
j,>
\
7l> =*. 1 f
S,N,
s
m
^
// "*S
/
v^
1
is
r,
^
\
1
N\
i
"<
1 t
\
>
1
V
h
/
J
(
i
Symmetric al serie.
,
o 23 serie 7 0 43 serie ^ o 63 serie-
x 24 * 44 x 64
+
16 SO 4 8 IS 16 SO 4 8 IS
FIGURE 8 5 .Vari ati on of maxi mumli ft wi th thi ckne ss.
16 SO S4
slope sli ghtly. Table II gi v e s the nume ri cal v alue s of
the slope i n conv e ni e nt form for noti ng the ge ne ral
tre nds wi th re spe ct to v ari ati ons i n thi ckne ss and i n
cambe r. It wi ll be note d that all v alue s of the slope
li e be low the approxi mate the ore ti cal v alue for thi n
wi ngs, 2JT pe r radi an; the me asure d v alue s li e be twe e n
95 and 8 1 pe rce nt, approxi mate ly, of the the ore ti cal.
The angle of ze ro li ft i s be st analyze d by me ans of a
compari son wi th that pre di cte d by the the ory. Thin-
airfoil theory states that the angle of zero lift is pro-
portional to the cambe r i f the cambe r i s v ari e d, as
wi th the se re late d ai rfoi ls, by scali ng the ordi nate s of a
pe ri me ntal v alue s li e be twe e n 100 and 75 pe rce nt,
approxi mate ly, of the the ore ti cal v alue s, the de par-
ture be comi ng gre ate r wi th a re arward mov e me nt of
the posi ti on of the cambe r and wi th i ncre ase d thi ckne ss
(abov e 9 to 12 pe rce nt of the chord). Nume ri cal
v alue s of the angle of ze ro li ft are gi v e n i n table III.
Maximum lift.The v ari ati on of the maxi mum li ft
coe ffi ci e nt wi th thi ckne ss i s shown i n fi gure 8 5 . It
wi ll be note d that the hi ghe st v alue s are obtai ne d wi th
moderately thick sections (9 to 1 2 percent of the chord
thi ck, e xce pt for the symme tri cal se cti ons for which
the hi ghe st v alue s are obtai ne d wi th some what thi cke r
se cti ons). The v ari ati on wi th cambe r, shown i n
fi gure 8 6, confi rms the e xpe cte d i ncre ase i n maxi mum
lift with camber. The gai n i s small, howe v e r, for the
normal posi ti ons of the cambe r, but be come s large r
as the cambe r mov e s e i the r re arward or forward. It
wi ll be se e n by re fe re nce to fi gure 8 5 that the cambe r
be come s le ss e ffe cti v e as the thi ckne ss i s i ncre ase d.
Thi s re duce d e ffe cti v e ne ss of the cambe r i s i n agre e -
me nt wi th a conclusi on re ache d i n re fe re nce 13 that
for ai rfoi ls hav i ng a thi ckne ss rati o of approxi mate ly
20 pe rce nt of the chord, cambe r i s of que sti onable
v alue . Nume ri cal v alue s of the maxi mum li ft co-
e ffi ci e nt are gi v e n i n table IV.
Air-flow di sconti nui ti e s.The se and othe r wi nd-
tunne l te sts i ndi cate that at the atti tude of maxi mum
a.o
,
,SX
i.a
/
j4%
\
\
S y
t
y
i.e
^z=z
f
i^": -
-ax
,
Meo n c an iber
1. 4
Sym nein zal at - foil
i.a
1. 0
.a A .6 .a
(A bsc issa of maximu m mean- line Ordinate)
FIGURE 8 6.Vari ati on of maxi mumli ft wi th cambe r. Re sults for 12 pe rce nt thi ck
ai rfoi ls.
li ft the ai r force s on ce rtai n ai rfoi ls e xhi bi t sudde n
change s whi ch i n many i nstance s re sult i n a se ri ous
loss of li ft. The probable cause of the se ai r-flow di s-
conti nui ti e s i s di scusse d bri e fly i n re fe re nce 13. The
stabi li ty or i nstabi li ty of the ai r flow at maxi mum
li ft may be judge d by the characte r of the li ft-curv e
pe aks i ndi cate d for the v ari ous ai rfoi ls. The curv e s
are classi fi e d i nto thre e ge ne ral type s as note d i n
table IV, but the de gre e of stabi li ty i s di ffi cult to
judge . It may be ge ne rally conclude d that i mprov e d
stabi li ty may be obtai ne d by (1) hav i ng a small
le adi ng-e dge radi us, whi ch cause s an e arly bre ak-
down of the flow wi th a conse que nt low v alue of the
maxi mum li ft, (2) i ncre asi ng the thi ckne ss (be yond the
normal thi ckne ss rati os), or (3) i ncre asi ng the cam-
be r (for ai rfoi ls hav i ng normal cambe r posi ti ons;
i .e ., 0.3c to 0.5 c).
MOMENT
Thi n-ai rfoi l the ory se parate s the ai r force s acti ng on
any ai rfoi l i nto two parts: Fi rst, the force s that pro-
duce a couple but no li ft (the y are de pe nde nt only on
the shape of the me an li ne ); se cond, the force s that
produce the li ft only, the re sultant of whi ch acts at
h- 03
Maximu m thic kness in per c ent \
/
/
4
leoretic ai c u rt.
'
y
j^T
I?
15
>
w<
. - '
l
21-
- ^"l-;~ "' ,~- '
; ; -
-"'
-"
1 .a . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 7 . 8
(A bsc issa of maximu m mean- line ordinafe)
FIGURE 8 7.Vari ati on of mome nt at ze ro li ft wi th cambe r. Poi nts shown are for
12 pe rce nt thi ck ai rfoi ls. Curv e s i ndi cate ge ne ral tre nds for the di ffe re nt thi ck*
.90
..80
15.70
1
A
o 24
o 25
0 44
o 45
o 64
65
L -
~9-
0 0
"Is
8
v
-
^
c
S\
a \
,p
C 3 i
-
-h V
\S
1 ,
! 1
k"
N
8 12 16 20
FIGURE 8 8 .Vari ati on of mome nt at ze ro li ft wi th thi ckne ss. Numbe rs re fe r to
me an-cambe r de si gnati on.
a fi xe d poi nt. We the n hav e i n the worki ng range an
e xpre ssi on for the total mome nt take n about any
poi nt
whe re C
0
i s the mome nt coe ffi ci e nt at ze ro li ft and
nCt. i s the addi ti onal mome nt due to li ft.
As wi th the , angle of ze ro li ft, the the ory state s that
the mome nt at ze ro li ft i s proporti onal to the cambe r
and pre di cts an i ncre ase i n the magni tude of the
mome nt as the cambe r mov e s back along the chord.
Fi gure s 8 7 and 8 8 show the v alue s of the mome nt
coe ffi ci e nt as affe cte d by v ari ati ons of cambe r and
thi ckne ss compare d wi th the the ore ti cal v alue s. Re -
fe rri ng to fi gure 8 7, the plotte d data i ndi cate that the
CHABACTBEISTICB OF AIRFOIL SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN VARIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 4 9
mome nt coe ffi ci e nts are ne arly proporti onal to the
cambe r. It wi ll also be note d that the curv e s re pre -
se nti ng the rati os of the e xpe ri me ntal coe ffi ci e nts to
the cambe r are ne arly paralle l to the e qui v ale nt curv e
re pre se nti ng the the ore ti cal rati os e xce pt that the
curv e s te nd to di v e rge for posi ti ons of the cambe r
we ll back. Fi gure 8 8 shows that the e xpe ri me ntal
v alue s He be twe e n 8 7 and 64 pe rce nt, approxi mate ly,
of the the ore ti cal. Nume ri cal v alue s of the mome nt
coe ffi ci e nt at ze ro li ft are gi v e n i n table V.
04
I 1
ber
a 4%
+ 6%
1
02
Syn metric al airfoils
-j
~ ~ *
A-
0
'_
\ - I-
r- -
Ar
4 -
+
< 1 ' -
N ormal c ambered airfoils
i i i i i i
4 a 12 ie so S4
Maximu m thickness in per cent ofchord
FIOURS 8 9.Vari ati on of posi ti on of constant mome nt wi th thi ckne ss. Value s of
n for e quati on cc ^C^+nCt. Re sults for ai rfoi ls hav i ng normal cambe r
posi ti ons (0.3c to 0.6c).
If the re sultant of the li ft force s acte d e xactly
through the quarte r-chord poi nt, as pre di cte d by the
the ory of thi n ai rfoi ls, the re would be no addi ti onal
mome nt due to the li ft whe n the mome nts are take n
about thi s poi nt. The curv e s of O
m!ll
agai nst C
L
,
howe v e r, show a slope i n the worki ng range whi ch
i ndi cate s that the axi s of constant mome nt i s di splace d
some what from the quarte r-chord poi nt. The factor n
re pre se nts the amount of thi s di splace me nt as obtai ne d
from the de duce d slope s of the mome nt curv e s i n the
Symmetric al airfoil
1
Mean c amber
O . 2 ,4 . e
(A bsc issa of maximu m mean- line Ordinate}
FIQDEE 90 Vari ati on of posi ti on of constant mome nt wi th cambe r. Value s of n
fore quati on Cmtli^Cmn+nCt. Ke sults for 12 pe rce nt thi ck ai rfoi ls.
normal worki ng range . The v ari ati on of thi s di s-
place me nt wi th thi ckne ss and wi th cambe r i s shown i n
fi gure s 8 9 and 90. Table VI gi v e s the nume ri cal
v alue s. Be yond the stall all the ai rfoi ls show a sharp
i ncre ase i n the magni tude of the pi tchi ng mome nt.
The sudde nne ss of thi s i ncre ase follows the de gre e of
stabi li ty at the stall as i ndi cate d by the type of the
li ft-curv e pe ak.
DRAG
The total drag of an ai rfoi l i s consi de re d as made up
of the i nduce d drag and the profi le drag. Consi de ri ng
the profi le drag as the mi ni mum v alue plus an addi -
ti onal drag de pe nde nt upon the atti tude of the ai rfoi l,
we hav e i n coe ffi ci e nt form
CD
=
@ D
t
+ (Cj>
Qm
t
n
+A<7D
0
)
The i nduce d-drag coe ffi ci e nt 0
Dt
, whi ch i s compute d
by me ans of the formula gi v e n i n re fe re nce 8 , i s con-
si de re d to be i nde pe nde nt of the ai rfoi l se cti on. The
v ari ati on of the profi le -drag coe ffi ci e nt wi th the shape
v ari able s of the ai rfoi l se cti on i s analyze d wi th re spe ct
dw,
Clbmln
--0.0056 + 0.0It+ 0.11'
O . 04 . 08. . IB . 16 . 80 . S4
Maximu m thic kness in frac tion of c hord, t
Fi auBE 8 1.Vari ati on of mi ni mumprofi le drag wi ththi ckne ss for the symme tri cal
ai rfoi ls.
to the v ari ati ons of the two compone nts of the profi le
drag.
Mi ni mum profi le drag.The v ari ati on of the mi ni -
mum profi le -drag coe ffi ci e nt wi th thi ckne ss for the
symme tri cal se cti ons i s shown i n fi gure 91. The cam-
be re d se cti ons show the same ge ne ral v ari ati on wi th
thi ckne ss but, to av oi d confusi on, the re sults are not
plotte d. The v ari ati on of the mi ni mum profi le -drag
.008
k
.004
Mec n c an
i
A
S
4%
-
J_ %
\ .
.4 . 6 . 8
C omber position in frac tion of c hord
(A bsc issa of maximu m mean- line Ordinate]
FIGURE 92.Incre ase i n mi ni mumprofi le drag due to cambe r. Re sults for 12 pe rce nt
thi ck ai rfoi ls. Value s of ft for e quati on C/V,,B~(:+0.005 (H-0.01 t+0.1 (", whe re k
i s the i ncre ase In Ci y... due to cambe r and I Is the maxi mumthi ckne ss i n fracti on
of chord.
coe ffi ci e nt wi th the profi le thi ckne ss may be e xpre sse d
by the e mpi ri cal re lati on
Cz,
om
,=i +0.00S6 + 0.01i +O.l,
a
whe re t i s the thi ckne ss rati o and k (whi ch i s approxi -
mate ly constant for se cti ons hav i ng the same me an
li ne ) re pre se nts the i ncre ase i n C
Do
mtn abov e that
compute d for tho symme tri cal se cti on of corre spondi ng
thi ckne ss. The v ari ati on of 0
D< i
miit wi th cambe r i s
i ndi cate d by the v ari ati on of 4 as shown i n fi gure 92.
5 0 REPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOE AERONAUTICS
The e ffe ct of cambe r i s small e xce pt for the hi ghly
cambe re d se cti ons hav i ng the maxi mum cambe r we ll
back. Nume ri cal v alue s of Co
oml
are gi v e n i n table VII.
Addi ti onal profi le drag.The addi ti onal profi le
drag, whi ch i s de pe nde nt upon the atti tude of the ai r-
foi l, has pre v i ously be e n e xpre sse d as a functi on of the
li ft (re fe re nce 4) by the e quati on
ACi > = 0
D
- (7
Bo
(n
=0.0062 (C
L
- G
has
,) *
whe re CL
t
may be calle d the opti mum li ft coe ffi ci e nt;
that i s, the li ft coe ffi ci e nt corre spondi ng to the mi ni -
mum profi le -drag coe ffi ci e nt. Thi s e quati on holds
Thi s functi on i s re pre se nte d i n fi gure 93 as the curv e
de te rmi ne d from the re sults for the symme tri cal ai r-
foi ls and for the ai rfoi ls hav i ng a cambe r of 2 pe rce nt
of the chord. As the cambe r i s i ncre ase d, the di s-
pe rsi on of the plotte d poi nts from the curv e be come s
gre ate r. In ge ne ral the poi nts abov e the curv e corre -
spond to thi ck se cti ons and se cti ons i n whi ch the maxi -
mum cambe r i s we ll back. The de parture from the
curv e be come s gre ate r wi th i ncre ase d thi ckne ss and
wi th a re arward mov e me nt of the maxi mum-cambe r
posi ti on. The poi nts we ll be low the curv e corre spond
to the thi n ai rfoi ls.
. OSS
+
+
"1
. 034
-
o OX mean c amb er
+ A
+
. 7
X
A 4%
7
0/6
,1
a
A
/ft
+
+
a, *+ 9*
t
*
V /
.
*
i
\ < 0
yt
. 008
L$IJ Z
f+
A
+

I *
V
+
. 004
a
+
. SJP
" n
_. . . l! fi
sMT^
6
xa A
0
**
* s& > $
* tat
pt *
r
x î-
+
1 j
c ? .
3
i f . i
7
. t 3 . $ /. 0
FIQTJBE 93.Addi ti onal profi le drag.
re asonably we ll for the normally shape d ai rfoi ls at
v alue s of the li ft coe ffi ci e nt be low uni ty.
A conv e ni e nt practi cal me thod of allowi ng for the
i ncre ase d v alue s of Cu
0
at mode rate ly hi gh v alue s of
the li ft coe ffi ci e nt i s to i nclude the addi ti onal profi le
drag wi th the i nduce d drag, as sugge ste d i n re fe re nce
2. For the symme tri cal ai rfoi ls of mode rate thi ckne ss
the te rm to be adde d to the i nduce d-drag coe ffi ci e nt
was gi v e n as 0.0062 C
L
2
. The re lati v e i mportance of
thi s te rm may be be tte r appre ci ate d by consi de ri ng
that i t re pre se nts 11.7 pe rce nt of the i nduce d drag of
an e lli pti cal ai rfoi l of aspe ct rati o 6. The same
me thod may also be appli e d to othe r ai rfoi ls i f the
v alue of the opti mumli f t i s not too large .
Andre ws (re fe re nce 14), usi ng the part of the se data
publi she d i n re fe re nce s 2, 4, and 5 , sugge sts for the
addi ti onal profi le drag the form
OL-OL
AC
D
=f
Be cause the addi ti onal profi le drag i s not a si mple
functi on of the li ft, and also be cause the re sults as
pre se nte d i n fi gure 93 are di ffi cult to follow, ge ne rali ze d
curv e s for the re lati on
are gi v e n i n fi gure 94. The se curv e s are gi v e n to
re pre se nt more accurate ly the addi ti onal profi le drag
for the normally shape d se cti ons.
Opti mum li ft.The opti mum li ft, as de fi ne d abov e ,
i s the v alue of the li ft corre spondi ng to the mi ni mum
profi le drag. As the de te rmi nati on of thi s v alue of the
li ft i s large ly de pe nde nt upon the fai ri ng of the profi le -
drag curv e s, spe ci al curv e s we re fai re d for thi s purpose
on e nlarge d-scale plots corre spondi ng to ce rtai n re late d
ai rfoi ls groupe d toge the r. The v alue s of the opti mum
li ft coe ffi ci e nts obtai ne d i n thi s manne r are gi v e n i n
table VIII. It may be note d by re fe re nce to thi s table
that the opti mum li ft coe ffi ci e nt i ncre ase s wi th cambe r
and for the hi ghly cambe re d se cti ons a de fi ni te i ncre ase
accompani e s a forward mov e me nt of the cambe r.
1. 2 1.4 .S . 3
FIGURE M.Addi ti onal profi le drag as a functi on of CL CLÎ. Re sults are for ai r-
foi ls hav i ng normal cambe r posi ti ons (0.3c to 0.6c).
i t i s not pri mari ly de pe nde nt upon the shape of the
me an li ne . Ne v e rthe le ss i t i s i nte re sti ng to compare
the opti mum li ft coe ffi ci e nts wi th the v alue s i nclude d
i n table VIII re pre se nti ng the the ore ti cal li ft coe ffi -
ci e nts at the "i de al" angle of attack for the me an
li ne ; i .e ., the angle of attack for whi ch the thi n-ai rfoi l
the ory gi v e s a fi ni te v e loci ty at the nose . (Se e the
appe ndi x.)
GENERAL EFFICIENCY
The ge ne ral e ffi ci e ncy of an ai rfoi l cannot be e x-
pre sse d by me ans of a si ngle numbe r. The rati o of
*7
1 1
y 4 -
i
"*
^
i j -
*~- 6Z
Mean cam ber
O .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0
Camber position in fraction of chord
(Abscissa ofmaximum mean-line ordinate}
FIGURE 06.Vari ati on of Ci ^Cryto, wi th cambe r. Re sults are for 12 pe rce nt
thi ck ai rfoi ls.
the maxi mum li ft to the mi ni mum profi le drag i s, how-
e v e r, of some v alue as the me asure of the e ffi ci e ncy of
an ai rfoi l se cti on. The v ari ati on of thi s rati o wi th
thi ckne ss i s shown i n fi gure 95 . The curv e s of thi s
fi gure i ndi cate that the hi ghe st v alue s of the rati o are
soo
1
yn
1
merr/c ai
ISO
//' ? X N>
| //
s
V
f 4
<$:
,

T-.
V
*
/ N
J
M ^ ' S
X
s,
1 '
*
1 's
*
r>
J so
' 1
i V
0 43 serie o 63 serie
40
> S4
25 ~
x 4
"+4
4 ," > 64
6S- -f
i i
J SO 4 B IS IS 20 4 B IS IS SO S4
Maximu m thic kness in perc ent af c hord
FIGURE 95 .Vari ati on of CLÎCD^* wi th thi ckne ss.
More i mportant than the se v ari ati ons, howe v e r, i s the
v ari ati on wi th thi ckne ss. The rapi d de cre ase i n the
opti mum li ft wi th i ncre ase d thi ckne ss i ndi cate s that
gi v e n by the se cti ons be twe e n 9 and 12 pe rce nt of the
chord thi ck. The v ari ati on wi th cambe r, shown i n
fi gure 96, i s le ss i mportant. An i ncre ase i n the cambe r
52 BBPOKT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOK AERONAUTICS
abov e 2 pe rce nt of the chord and a re arward mov e -
me nt of the cambe r (for the hi ghly cambe re d se cti ons)
te nd to de cre ase the v alue of Ct,
ma
JC
D!1
mtn- The
nume ri cal v alue s of the rati o are gi v e n i n table IX.
SUPPLEMENTARY AIRFOILS
For the purpose of i nv e sti gati ng bri e fly the e ffe cts
of ce rtai n shape v ari able s othe r than those di scusse d
i n the mai n body of the re port, 10 supple me ntary ai r-
foi ls we re te ste d. The ai rfoi l se cti ons we re as follows:
6 symme tri cal se cti ons wi th modi fi e d nose shape s, 2
se cti ons wi th re fle xe d me an li ne s, and 2 se cti ons si mu-
lati ng those of a wi ng hav i ng a fle xi ble trai li ng e dge .
/. e
1 . 1 l . 1 I I l
1.4
/
h
oxin u rn thic Ay-?e ss O il
1.2 /
/
1.0
!
/
/
. a
^>
thic kne. 'SSo. oe
.6
A
. a
O I S 3 4 5 6 7
Leading-edge radius in percent ofchord
FIGURE 97.Vari ati on of maxi mumli ft wi th nose radi us.
Ai rfoi ls wi th modi fi e d nose shape s.The ai rfoi ls of
the fi rst supple me ntary group i nv e sti gate d we re de -
v e lope d from thre e of the symme tri cal N.A.C.A. fami ly
ai rfoi ls: The N.A.C.A. 0006, the N.A.C.A. 0012, and
the N.A.C.A. 0018 . For e ach of the se basi c (or nor-
mal) se cti ons one thi nne r-nose d se cti on, de note d by
the suffi x T, and one blunte r-nose d se cti on, de note d
by the suffi x B, we re de v e lope d and te ste d. The
de ri v ati on of e ach modi fi e d se cti on was si mi lar to that
of the normal se cti on and was accompli she d by a sys-
te mati c change i n the e quati on that de fi ne s the normal
se cti on. Thi s change i s pri nci pally a change i n the
nose radi us, but i t also re sults i n modi fi cati ons to the
profi le throughout i ts le ngth, e xce pt at the maxi mum
Ordi nate and at the trai li ng e dge . The nose radi i of the
se cti ons i n pe rce nt of the chord are as follows:
Se cti on T se ri e s Normal B se ri e s
0000
0012
0018
a 10
.40
.8 9
0.40
1.68
3.66
1.19
3.8 0
7.15
The ae rodynami c characte ri sti cs of the modi fi e d
se cti ons are gi v e n i n fi gure s 72 to 77. The se may be
compare d wi th the characte ri sti cs of the normal se c-
ti ons gi v e n i n fi gure s 4, 6, and 8 . The maxi mum li ft
coe ffi ci e nts of the modi fi e d and the normal se cti ons
are plotte d agai nst the le adi ng-e dge radi i i n fi gure 97.
It i s i nte re sti ng to note that the le adi ng-e dge radi us i s
v e ry cri ti cal i n i ts e ffe ct on the maxi mum li ft whe n
the radi us i s small. Thi s cri ti cal e ffe ct i s also i ndi cate d
by the rapi d i ncre ase i n the maxi mum li ft wi th i ncre as-
i ng thi ckne ss for the thi n se cti ons as shown i n fi gure 8 5 .
Ai rfoi ls wi th re fle xe d me an li ne s.Pre v i ous i nv e s-
ti gati ons hav e shown that the pi tchi ng mome nt of
cambe re d ai rfoi ls can be re duce d by alte ri ng the form
of the me an Li ne toward the trai li ng e dge , wi th a con-
se que nt loss of maxi mumli ft but only a small re ducti on
i n drag. In orde r to compare the characte ri sti cs of
se cti ons of thi s type wi th those of the re late d se cti ons
of normal form, two ai rfoi ls we re de v e lope d wi th the
basi c thi ckne ss di stri buti on of the N.A.C.A. 0012 di s-
pose d about ce rtai n me an li ne s of the form gi v e n i n
re fe re nce IS
y
c
= hx(l x) (1-Xx)
The v alue s of A i n thi s e quati on we re chose n to gi v e a
cambe r of 0.02 and the v alue s of X we re chose n to gi v e
the ai rfoi l de si gnate d the N.A.C.A. 21^12 a small
ne gati v e mome nt and the ai rfoi l de si gnate d the
N.A.C.A. 2R
2
12 a small posi ti v e mome nt. Charac-
te ri sti c curv e s for the two ai rfoi ls are gi v e n i n fi gure s
78 and 79. The pri nci pal characte ri sti cs of the se c-
ti ons may be conv e ni e ntly compare d wi th those of the
re late d symme tri cal se cti on, the N.A.C.A. 0012, and
a re late d normal se cti on hav i ng a cambe r of 2 pe rce nt
of the chord, the N.A.C.A. 2412, by me ans of the
followi ng table arrange d i n the orde r of i ncre asi ng
pi tchi ng-mome nt coe ffi ci e nts.
a.
Se cti on C
â,
Cfljmi
Cu0m,
c
m
,
2R*12 1.47 0.008 6 171 0.004
0012 1.5 3 .008 3 18 4 -.002
2R.12 1.5 3 .008 3 1S4 -.020
2412 1.62 .008 5 100 -.044
The se re sults i ndi cate that ai rfoi ls hav i ng re fle xe d
me an li ne s may be of que sti onable v alue be cause of the
adv e rse e ffe ct of thi s me an-li ne shape on the maxi mum
li ft coe ffi ci e nt.
Thickness and camber modifications near the
trailing edge.Two ai rfoi ls we re de v e lope d to si mu-
late an ai i -foi l having a flexible trailing e dge i n a straight
and in a given deflected position. The thickness di s-
tri buti on i s compose d of thre e parts: the forward por-
ti on (0 to 0.3c) hav i ng the same di stri buti on as the
N.A.C.A. 0012, the re ar porti on (from 0.7c to the
trai li ng e dge ) hav i ng a thi n, uni form v alue , and the
ce ntral porti on joi ni ng the se two wi th fai r curv e s.
As shown i n fi gure 8 0, the two ai rfoi ls di ffe r only i n
the re ar porti on, the se cti on de si gnate d N.A.C.A.
0012F
0
si mulati ng that of a wi ng hav i ng the trai li ng
e dge de forme d for the hi gh-spe e d condi ti on, and the
se cti on de si gnate d N.A.C.A. 0012F, si mulati ng that
of the same wi ng wi th the trai li ng e dge be nt down i n a
ci rcular arc. Curv e s of the ae rodynami c characte ri s-
ti cs for both condi ti ons are compare d i n fi gure 8 0.
Consi de ri ng the re sults gi v e n by both ai rfoi ls as two
condi ti ons for one ai rfoi l, a v e ry hi gh maxi mum li ft
wi th a re asonably low mi ni mum drag i s obtai ne d.
rt
On this assumpti on the rati o
n
"" i s 197, sli ghtly
VDQtntn
hi ghe r than the v alue of thi s rati o gi v e n by the
N.A.C.A. 2412.
In orde r to study the e ffe cts of an e xtre me change i n
the thi ckne ss di stri buti on, the pri nci pal characte ri s-
ti cs of the two se cti ons may be compare d wi th those
of the re late d normal se cti ons, the N.A.C.A. 0012 and
the N.A.C.A. 6712. The maxi mum li ft coe ffi ci e nt i s
li ttle affe cte d by the change i n the thi ckne ss di stri bu-
ti on, but i t i s of i nte re st to note (table I) that the slope
of the li ft curv e of the N.A.C.A. 0012F i s sli ghtly
gre ate r than 2jr pe r radi an, as compare d wi than appre -
ci ably lowe r slope for the N.A.C.A. 0012. The profi le
drag i s also affe cte d by the change i n the thi ckne ss
di stri buti on. Of the two symme tri cal se cti ons, the
profi le drag of the N.A.C.A. 0012F
0
i s much hi ghe r
than that of the N.A.C.A. 0Q1 2 over the entire lift
range . Thi s i s not true , howe v e r, for the two cam-
be re d se cti ons. Compari ng the characte ri sti cs of the
N.A.C.A. 0012F, wi th those of the N.A.C.A. 6712, we
fi nd that at low v alue s of the li ft the profi le drag of
the forme r i s much hi ghe r, but as the li ft i ncre ase s thi s
di ffe re nce be come s le ss, and i n the hi gh-li ft range the
profi le drag of the N.A.C.A. 0012F, i s consi de rably
le ss than that of the N.A.C.A. 6712.
CONCLUSIONS
The v ari ati on of the ae rodynami c characte ri sti cs of
the re late d ai rfoi ls wi th the ge ome tri c characte ri sti cs
i nv e sti gate d may be summari ze d as follows:
Vari ati on wi th thi ckne ss rati o:
1. The slope of the li ft curv e i n the normal worki ng
range de cre ase s wi th i ncre ase d thi ckne ss, v aryi ng
from 9 5 to 81 percent, approximately, of the theoretical
slope for thi n ai rfoi ls (2i r pe r radian).
2. The angle of ze ro li ft mov e s toward ze ro wi th
i ncre ase d thi ckne ss (abov e 9 to 12 pe rce nt of the
chord thi ckne ss rati os).
3 . The highest values of the maximum lift are ob-
tai ne d wi th se cti ons of normal thi ckne ss rati os (9 to
15 pe rce nt).
4. The gre ate st i nstabi li ty of the ai r flow at maxi -
mum li ft i s e ncounte re d wi th the mode rate ly thi ck,
low-cambe re d se cti ons.
5 . The magni tude of the mome nt at ze ro li ft de -
cre ase s wi th i ncre ase d thi ckne ss, v aryi ng from 8 7 to
64 pe rce nt, approxi mate ly (for normally shape d ai r-
foi ls), of the v alue s obtai ne d by thi n-ai rfoi l the ory.
6. The axi s of constant mome nt usually passe s
sli ghtly forward of the quarte r-chord poi nt, the di s-
place me nt i ncre asi ng wi th i ncre ase d thi ckne ss.
7. The mi ni mum profi le drag v ari e s wi th thi ckne ss
approxi mate ly i n accordance wi th the e xpre ssi on
C , = fc + 0.005 6 + 0.01( + 0.1f
whoro the v alue of Jc de pe nds upon 'the cambe r and t i s
the rati o of the maxi mum thi ckne ss to the chord.
8 . The opti mum li ft coe ffi ci e nt (the li ft coe ffi ci e nt
corre spondi ng to the nuni mum profi le -drag coe ffi ci e nt)
approache s ze ro as the thi ckne ss i s i ncre ase d.
9. The rati o of the maxi mum li ft to the mi ni mum
profi le drag i s hi ghe st for ai rfoi ls of me di um thi ckne ss
rati os (9 to 12 pe rce nt).
Vari ati on wi th cambe r:
1. The slope of the li ft curv e i n the normal worki ng
range i s li ttle affe cte d by the cambe r; a sli ght de cre ase
i n the slope i s i ndi cate d as the posi ti on of the cambe r
mov e s back.
2. The angle of ze ro li ft i s be twe e n 100 and 75 pe r-
ce nt, approxi mate ly, of the v alue gi v e n by thi n-ai r-
foi l the ory, the smalle r de parture s be i ng for ai rfoi ls
wi th the normal cambe r posi ti ons.
3 . The maximum lift increases with increased cam-
be r, the i ncre ase be i ng more rapi d as the cambe r
mov e s forward or back from a poi nt ne ar the 0.3c
posi ti on.
4. Gre ate r stabi li ty of the ai r flow at maxi mum li ft
i s obtai ne d wi th i ncre ase d cambe r i f the cambe r i s i n
the normal posi ti ons (0.3c to 0.5 c).
5 . The mome nt at ze ro li ft i s ne arly proporti onal to
the cambe r. For any gi v e n thi ckne ss, the di ffe re nce
be twe e n the e xpe ri me ntal v alue of the constant of
proporti onali ty and the v alue pre di cte d by thi n-ai rfoi l
the ory i s not appre ci ably affe cte d by the posi ti on of
the cambe r e xce pt for the se cti ons hav i ng the maxi mum
cambe r we ll back, whe re the di ffe re nce be come s
sli ghtly gre ate r.
6. The axi s of constant mome nt mov e s forward as
the cambe r mov e s back.
7. The minimum profile drag increases with in-
creased camber, and also with a rearward movement
of the cambe r.
5 4 BEPOBT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE TOR AERONAUTICS
8 . The opti mum li ft coffi ci e nt i ncre ase s wi th the
cambe r and for the hi ghly cambe re d se cti ons a de fi ni te
i ncre ase accompani e s a forward mov e me nt of the
cambe r.
9. The rati o of the maxi mum li ft to the mi ni mum
profi le drag te nds to de cre ase wi th i ncre ase d cambe r
(abov e 2 pe rce nt of the chord) and wi th a re arward
mov e me nt of the cambe r (for the hi ghly cambe re d
se cti ons).
LANGLEY MEMORIAL AEHONAUTICAL LABEATOEY,
NATIONAL ADVISOEY COMMITTEE FOE AEBONAUTICS,
LANGLEY FIELD, VA., December SO, 1982.
APPENDIX
It i s propose d i n thi s se cti on of the re port to pre se nt,
bri e fly, a summary of the re sults of the e xi sti ng thi n-
ai rfoi l the ory (base d on the se cti on me an li ne ) as ap-
pli e d to the pre di cti on of ce rtai n se cti on characte ri s-
ti cs. Such a summary i s de si rable be cause at pre se nt
the re sults must be obtai ne d from se v e ral di ffe re nt
source s whi ch gi v e the m i n a form not e asi ly appli e d.
Thre e characte ri sti cs are consi de re d; name ly, (1) the
angle of ze ro li ft a
Lo
, (2) the pi tchi ng-mome nt co-
e ffi ci e nt C
mdl
, and (3) the "i de al" angle of attack a
or the corre spondi ng li ft coe ffi ci e nt Cx,
It
that i s, v alue s
corre spondi ng to the uni que condi ti on for whi ch the
the ory gi v e s a fi ni te v e loci ty at the nose of the ai rfoi l.
(Se e re fe re nce 16.)
Expre ssi ons for li ft and mome nt coe ffi ci e nts may be
wri tte n as follows i f the angle s are me asure d i n radi ans:
& -2 (a-<*!,) (i )
= 2jr(a
r
-a
Io
)
C
t
W~ l(+ < **,) (3)
If the le adi ng e nd of the me an li ne i s chose n as the
ori gi n of coordi nate s and the trai li ng e nd i s take n on
the x axi s at x= l, the n the parame te rs a
i 0
, a,, and
are gi v e n by the followi ng i nte grals
(4)
(5 )
(6)
(7)
(8 )
= J yiifr) dx
o
- I y fa(x) dx
0
fs(x) dx
whe re
fl(a!)
"T(l-)[a!(l-J!)J*
tr \ (1-2)
tsW
~2x[;t(l-z)]K
U(x )-
4(1-2)
i r[x(l-x)]
(9)
and y i s the ordi nate of the me an li ne at a gi v e n absci ssa
x. The i nte grals (4) and (6) may be shown to be
i de nti cal wi th the corre spondi ng i nte grals gi v e n by
Glaue rt (re fe re nce 15 ) and by Munk (re fe re nce 17),
and i nte gral (5 ) i s gi v e n by The odorse n (re fe re nce 16).
The e v aluati on of the se i nte grals for the N.A.C.A.
ai rfoi l se cti ons gi v e n i n thi s re port was accompli she d
analyti cally. The v alue s of a
i (l
(change d from
radi ans to de gre e s), C
rf
and Ci
z
, so compute d, are
gi v e n i n table s III, V, and VIII, re spe cti v e ly, i n the
mai n body of the re port. Thi s me thod of e v aluati on,
howe v e r, cannot be appli e d to many of the commonly
use d se cti ons be cause the y do not hav e analyti cally
de fi ne d me an li ne s; he nce , an approxi mate me thod
must be use d. A graphi cal de te rmi nati on gi v e s good
re sults and for conv e ni e nce the v alue s of the thre e
functi ons, (7), (8 ), and (9), at se v e ral v alue s of x, are
gi v e n i n the followi ng table :
X
fi W fi fe ) U(x) X fttt fi Cr) fi d)
0 CO a> CO 0.30 -0.992 0.662 1.111
0.0126 -2.901 113.15 11.17 .40 -1.08 3 .271 .5 20
.025 0 -2.091 39.73 7.747 .m -1.273 0 0
.05 00 -1.5 37 13.8 4 5 .25 8 .60 -1.624 -.271
.0760 -1.306 7.403 4.109 .70 -2.315 -.662 -1. Ill
.1000 -1.179 4.716 3.395 .8 0 -3.979 -1.492 -1.910
.15 -1.049 2.447 2.496 .90 -10.61 -4.716 -3.395
.20 -.995 1.492 1.910 .95 -29.21 -13.8 4 -6.25 8
.25 -.98 0 .08 0 1.470 1.00 -co -co -co
In ge ne ral, some di ffi culty would be e xpe cte d wi th
the graphi cal me thod be cause the v alue s of the abov e
functi ons te nd to i nfi ni ty at the le adi ng and trai li ng
e dge s. Actually, be cause the ordi nate s of the me an-
li ne e xtre mi ti e s are ze ro, the i nte grand may approach
ze ro, and doe s at the le adi ng e dge for the i nte gral (4),
and at the le adi ng and trai li ng e dge s for the i nte gral (6).
Di ffi culty, howe v e r, i s e ncounte re d at the trai li ng e dge
for the i nte gral (4) and at the le adi ng and trai li ng e dge s
for the i nte gral (5 ). In orde r to av oi d thi s di ffi culty,
i nte gral (4) i s e v aluate d graphi cally from x= 0 to
x=0.95 , and the i ncre me nt contri bute d by the por-
ti on from x=0.95 to x=l i s de te rmi ne d analyti cally,
li ke wi se , i nte gral (5 ) i s e v aluate d graphi cally from
x=0.05 to =0.95 and analyti cally for the e xtre mi ti e s.
The analyti cal de te rmi nati on of the i ncre me nts i s
accompli she d by assumi ng the me an li ne ne ar the
e nds to be of the form
y= a+bx+cx*
Ev aluati ng the i nte grals gi v e s
-0.9641/0.95 + 0.095 4^; (x = 0.95 to x= l)
\ + 0.4672/o os + 0.0472j/ (x = 0 to x= 0.05 )
I-0.467y.,
s
+ 0.04722/1 (a:=0.96 to x=l)
whe re j/o &
n
d yi are the me an-li ne slope s at the
le adi ng and trai li ng e dge s, re spe cti v e ly.
REFERENCES
1. Jacobs, Eastman N., and Ande rson, Raymond F.: Large -
Se ale Ae rodynami c Characte ri sti cs of Ai rfoi ls as Te ste d
i n the Vari able -De nsi ty Wi nd Tunne l. T.E. No. 362,
N.A.C.A., 1930.
2. Jacobs, Eastman N.: Te sts of Si x Symme tri cal Ai rfoi ls i n
the Vari able -De nsi ty Wi nd Tunne l. T.N. No. 38 5 ,
N.A.C.A., 1931.
3. Pi nke rton, Robe rt M.: Effe ct of Nose Shape on the Char-
acte ri sti cs of Symme tri cal Ai rfoi ls. T.N. No. 38 6,
N.A.C.A., 1931.
4. Jacobs, Eastman N., and Pi nke rton, Robe rt M.: Te stB of
N.A.C.A. Ai rfoi ls i n the Vari able -De nsi ty Wi nd Tunne l.
Se ri e s 43 and 63. T.N. No. 391, N.A.C.A., 1931.
5 . Jacobs, Eastman N., and Pi nke rton, Robe rt M-: Te sts of
Se ri e s 45 and 65 . T.N. No. 392, N.A.C.A., 1931.
6. Jacobs, Eastman N., and Pi nke rton, Robe rt M.: Te sts of
Se ri e s 44 and 64. T.N. No. 401, N.A.C.A., 1931.
7. Jacobs, Eastman N., and Ward, Ke nne th E.: Te sts of
Se ri e s 24. T.N. No. 404, N.A.C.A., 1932.
8 . Jacobs, Eastman N., and Abbott, Ira H.: The N.A.C.A.
Vari able -De nsi ty Wi nd Tunne l. T.R. No. 416, N.A.C.A.,
1932.
9. Hi ggi ns, Ge orge J.: The Pre di cti on of Ai rfoi l Characte ri s-
ti cs. T.R. No. 312, N.A.C.A., 1929.
10. Kni ght, Montgome ry, and Harri s, Thomas A.: Expe ri -
me ntal De te rmi nati on of Je t Boundary.Corre cti ons for
Ai rfoi l Te sts i n Four Ope n Wi nd Tunne l Je ts of Di ffe re nt
Shape s. T.R. No. 361, N.A.C.A., 1930.
11. Stack, John: Te sts i n the Vari able -De nsi ty Wi nd Tunne l to
Inv e sti gate the Effe cts of Scale and Turbule nce on Ai r-
foi l Characte ri sti cs. T.N. No. 364, N.A.C.A., 1931.
12. Dryde n, H. L., and Kue the , A. M.: Effe ct of Turbule nce i n
Wi nd Tunne l Me asure me nts. T.R. No. 342, N.A.C.A.,
1930.
13. Jacobs, Eastman N.: The Ae rodynami c Characte ri sti cs of
Ei ght Ve ry Thi ck Ai rfoi ls from Te sts i n the Vari able -
De nsi ty Wi nd Tunne l. T.R. No. 391, N.A.C.A., 1931.
14. Andre ws, W. R.: The Esti mati on of Profi le Drag. Fli ght,
v ol. XXIV, no. 25 , pp. 630a-5 30d, 1932 and no. 31, pp.
710a-710c, 1932.
15 . daue rt, H.: The Ele me nts of Ae rofoi l and Ai rcre w The ory.
Cambri dge Uni v e rsi ty Pre ss (London), 1926.
16. The odorse n, The odore : On the The ory of Wi ng Se cti ons
wi th Parti cular Re fe re nce to the Li ft Di stri buti on.
T.R. No. 38 3, N.A.C.A., 1931.
17. Munk, Max M.: Ele me nts of the Wi ng Se cti on The ory and
of the Wi ng The ory. T.R. No. 191, N.A.C.A., 1924.
56 BEPORT NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
TABLE I.IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS
Se cti on characte ri sti cs Wi ng characte ri sti cs A.B. 6 Thi ckne ss at c.p at
Maxi -
Ai rfoi l Page
a
oat WL
<k.
0.15
chord
0.65
chord forward
Ctmoi
*(CfB)t
^m
(de g.)
a
L
a
=-
(de g.) (pBr
dao Cc
le g.)
mi
c
mo
c
"
mim
(LID)mal
Ct at posi ti on
c,,
Bmiii
Pe rce nt chord Pe rce nt chord
0006 7 0.8 8 13 -0.1 0 102 0 0065 135 -0.002 0.0065 238 0.31 5 .35 4.13 25 25
-0.08 2
0009 7 1.27 14 .0 101 0074 172 -.003 .0074 22! 9 .36 8 .02 6.20 25 25
.213
0012 8 1.5 3 17 .0 101 008 3 18 4 -.002 .008 3 22.2 .37 10.69 8 .27 '25 25 -.28 5
0015 8 1.5 3 17 TO 100 0093 164 .000 .0093 21.2 .40 13.36 10.33 125 24
.279
0018 9 1.49 17 .0 098 0108 138 -.002 .0108 19.8 .40 16.04 12 40 24 24 -.28 6
0021 9 1.38 17 -.1 094 0120 115 -.001 .0120 18 .5 .44 18 .71 14.46 23
-.270
0025 10 1.20 16 .0 08 9 0143 8 4 -.003 .0143 16.5 .47 22.27 17.22 23 23 -.233
2212 10 1.60' 16 -1.8 103 008 7 18 4 -.029 .008 8 .40 10.69 8 .25 27 32 -.262
2306 11 1.04 U -1.8 104 0073 142 -.036 .0075 23.9 .33 5 .36 4.14 29 38
.130
2309 11 1.5 1 15 -2.0 103 008 3 18 2 -.036 .008 5 22.9 8 .04 6.21 28 34 .236
2312 12- 1.61 16 -1.9 101 008 9 18 1 -.038 .0090 22.1 .39 10.71 8 .27 27 34 -.268
2315 i 2 1.64 15 -1.7 102 0100 15 4 -.034 .0100 20.5 .41 13.38 10.36 27 34 -.25 1
2406 13 1.01 13 -1.7 103 0070 144 -.039 .0074 24.9 .32 5 .34 4.14 29 40 -.103
2409 13 1.5 1 14 -1.7 103 008 0 18 9 -.044 .008 2 23.1 .36 8 .02 6.20 28 36 -.242
2412 14 1.62 17 -1.8 101 008 5 190 -.044 .008 7 22.5 10.71 8 .27 28 36
-.274
2415 14 1.5 5 16
1,7
101 0099 15 6 -.040 .0100 20.8 !40 13.39 10.34 28 35
-.262
2418 15 1.43 15 -1.9 098 0112 12S -.037 .0113 19.4 .42 16.08 12.39 27 34 -.238
2421 15 1.35 16 -1.7 097 0127 106 -.036 .0128 17.9 .43 18 .75 14.46 27 34 -.229
25 06 16 1.03 15 -2.0 103 00.73 141 -.048 .0076 24.2 5 .36 4.13 30 44 -.116
2S09 16 1.38 13 -2.0 102 008 1 170 -.05 2 .008 3 22.9 .37 8 .04 6.21 40 -.207
25 12 17 1.62 17 -2.1 102 008 8 18 4 -.05 4 .0091 22.3 10.70 8 .27 37 -.270
25 15 17 1.5 3 16 -2.0 099 0103 148 -.049 .0104 20.4 .41 13.38 10.33 28 37 -.25 5
25 18 18 1.48 10 -2.0 0B6 0112 132 -.047 0113 19.1 .42 10.07 12.41 28 30 -.25 5
25 21 18 1.38 16 -1.8 095 0126 109 -.043 .0126 17.7 .44 18 .72 14.47 28 36 -.233
2612 19 1.66 17 -2.3 100 008 9 18 7 -.060 .0091 22.1 .38 10.70 8 .26 28 38 -.274
2712 19 1.68 17 -2.6 100 0090 18 7 -.075 .0093 22.0 .38 10.69 8 .25 29 41 -.272
4212 20 1.71 16 -3.4 102 0092 18 6 -.05 9 .0100 22.1 .40 10.70 8 .27 38 -.260
4306 20 1.20 10 -3.8 103 008 0 15 0 -.075 .0094 .38 6.40 4.14 31 49 -.141
4309 21 1.60 15 -3.6 103 008 9 18 0 -.073 .0094 22.3 .39 8 .09 6.21 29 43 -.236
4312 21 1.63 16 -3.9 100 0095 172 -.075 .0100 21.7 .40 10.77 8 .27 30 43 -.236
4315 22 1.5 6 15 -3.6 103 0107 146 -.068 .0108 20.2 .42 13.47 10.34 29 42 -.233
4318 22 1.46 14 -3.6 099 0119 123 -.066 .0121 19.0 .43 16.14 12.41 29 41 -.225
4321 23 15 -3.6 095 0134 96 -.05 7 .0134 17.4 .45 18 .8 1 14.46 29 41 -.196
4406 23 1.23 10 -3.9 104 0076 162 -.08 7 .008 9 24.2 .38 5 .40 4.16 32 5 3 -.144
4409 24 1.60 15 -3.6 103 008 6 18 6 -.08 6 .0092 22.9 .40 8 .07 6.21 31 46 -.242
4412 24 1.65 16 -3.9 100 0092 179 -.08 9 .0006 22.1 .40 10.77 8 .28 31 45 -.25 3
4415 25 1.67 15 -3.8 101 0105 15 0 -.08 3 .0108 20.5 .42 13.45 10.34 SO 45 -.242
4418 25 1.47 17 -3.7 096 0116 127 -.078 .0120 19.2 .43 16.15 12.40 30 44 -.231
4421 1.37 19 -3.4 093 0132 104 -.071 .0133 17.7 .44 18 .79 14.48 30 44 -.222
45 06 26 1.15 13 -4.3 104 008 7 132 -.109 .0098 .40 5 .38 4.14 33 63 -.103
45 09 27 1.5 6 13 -4.1 103 0093 168 -.106 .0099 22! 0 .40 8 .08 6.21 32 5 2 -.229
45 12 27 1.69 17 -4.2 097 0095 178 -.105 .0099 21.7 .40 10.74 8 .28 31 49 -.262
45 15 28 1.62 17 -4.1 101 0113 143 -.097 .0116 19.6 .43 13.44 10.35 31 48 -.25 3
45 18 28 1.5 4 17 -3.9 098 0125 123 -.094 .0126 18 .4 .43 16.14 12.41 31 48 -.244
45 21 29 1.46 19 -3.4 095 0138 106 -.08 2 .0138 17.2 .45 18 .8 0 14.47 30 46 -.244
4612 29 1.76 17 -4.6 098 0099 178 -.124 .0105 21.1 .41 10.73 8 .27 31 5 2 -.275
4712 30 1.8 2 18 -5 .0 097 0104 175 -.143 .0110 20.7 .41 10.74 8 .26 32 66 -.290
6212 30 1.75 14 -5 .2 100 0101 173 '-.08 7 . 0117 20.9 .44 10.78 8 .29 30 44 -.240
6306 31 1.5 4 12 '-5 .2 105 0092 167 -.109 .0177 21.6 .42 5 .47 4.15 32 5 4 -.18 7
6309 31 1.67 13 -6.4 104 0101 165 -.110 .0116 21.1 .42 8 .18 6.23 32 5 1 -.213
6312 32 1.66 14 -5 .5 101 0102 163 -.110 .0115 20.9 .44 10.8 6 8 .29 31 5 1 -.218
6315 32 1.5 5 13 -5 .4 101 0120 129 -.105 .0125 19.3 .45 13.68 10.37 32 5 2 -.214
6318 33 1.43 13 -5 .2 098 0130 110 -.097 .0133 18 .4 .45 16.27 12.44 32 5 0 -.209
6321 33 1.37 17 -5 .2 096 0144 95 -.090 .0145 17.0 .47 18 .92 14.5 1 31 5 0 -.214
6406 34 1.43 9 -5 .6 104 008 6 166 '-.129 .0139 22.6 .42 5 .42 4.15 34 62 -.167
6409 34 1.68 - 16 -5 .9 101 0094 179 -.133 .0113 21.6 .42 8 .14 6.21 33 5 7 -.225
6412 35 1.67 15 -5 .7 101 0104 160 -.132 .0117 20.8 .42 10.8 5 8 .29 33 5 6 -.242
4415 35 1.5 9 17 -5 .7 09 0120 133 -.125 .0127 19.2 .45 13.5 5 10.36 33 5 6
6418 36 1.5 1 18 -5 .7 099 0132 114 -.118 .0137 18 .1 .45 16.28 12.43 33 5 5 -.231
6421 36 1.41 18 -5 .2 096 0146 97 -.110 .0148 16.9 .46 18 .96 14.5 0 33 5 4 -.224
65 06 37 1.29 10 *-6.3 101 0093 139 '-. 15 9 .0122 21.6 .42 5 .41 4.14 35 74 -.121
65 09 37 1.71 15 -6.3 103 0100 171 -.15 8 .0119 21.0 .43 8 .14 6.21 34 62 -.236
65 12 38 1.75 17 -6.2 101 0106 165 '-.15 9 .0119 20.6 .42 10.8 4 3.30 33 60 -.25 7
65 15 38 1.67 18 -6.0 099 0127 132 '-.15 0 .0134 18 .7 .44 13.63 10.36 33 5 9 -.25 3
65 18 39 1.61 18 -5 .7 095 0141 114 -.139 .0142 17.4 .46 16.22 12.44 33 5 8 -.25 1
65 21 39 1.49 19 -5 .3 094 015 4 97 -.129 .015 5 16.0 .47 18 .92 14.49 33 67 -.233
6612 40 1.8 3 17 -6.6 099 0114 161 '-.18 6 .0124 19.8 .43 10.8 0 8 .28 33 64 -.270
6712 40 1.95 18 -7.0 097 0126 15 5 '-.206 .0135 18 .6 .45 10.76 8 .27 34 65 -.28 9
0006T 41 .8 5 13 -.1 100 0069 123 .005 .0069 18 .7 .23 5 .09 3.8 4 "24 21 -.028
0006B 41 1.06 11 .0 104 0076 139 .005 .0076 22.5 .34 5 .74 4.5 7 124 22 -.162
0012T 42 1.03 12 -.1 099 008 2 126 .001 .008 2 21.5 .36 10.19 7.68 "25 24 -.178
0012B 42 1.5 0 16 .0 101 0095 15 8 .000 .0095 20.8 .40 11.48 9.13 124 23 -.275
0018 T 43 1.29 15 .1 098 0102 127 .000 .0102 19.3 .41 15 .28 11.5 2 25 24 -.238
0018 B 43 1.40 16 .0 097 0122 115 .001 .0122 18 .2 .44 17.23 13.70 123 22 -.272
2R,12 44 1.5 3 16 -1.5 101 008 3 18 4 -.020 .008 6 22 8 .38 10.70 8 .26 26 29 -.264
2Rjl2 44 1.47 16 -.6 102 008 6 171 .004 .008 7 22 .38 10.71 8 .25 25 23 -.25 7
OOI2P0 46 1.5 3 15 -.2 111 0104 147 .000 .0)04 19.5 .42 10.70 126 25 -.238
OOI2F1 45 2.05 12 -11.7 099 0139 147 -.199 .018 4 17.6 .5 5 10.70 34 68 -.18 9
1 Base d on U &.mtt.
* Base d on strai ght porti on of li ft curv e e xte nde d. Se e curv e for actual v alue .
" Base d on strai ght portfon of mome nt curv e e xte nde d. Se e curv e for actual v alue .
* Rati o of the chord compone nt to the be am compone nt of the ai r force s to be use d for the hi gh angle of attack condi ti on i f the plane of the drag truss i s paralle l i n Hi p
ai rfoi l chord. C/B should be calculate d whe n the plane of the drag truss Is not paralle l to the chord.
(CIBh+k
" -k (C/J3)o
whe re i, Is the angle of i n- whe re k Is the slope
olde nce of the drag truss of the 'drag truss wi th
wi th re spe ct to the ai rfoi l re spe ct to the ai rfoi l
chord. chord.
C/B=tan [tan-i (C/Bh-Q C/B-
CHARACTERISTICS OF AIKFOIL SECTIONS FEOM TESTS IN VABIABLE-DENSITY WIND TUNNEL 57
TABLE II.SLOPE OF LIFT CURVE, < h= -^<
PER
DEG.)
\ Thi ckne ss
\ doslgna-
ai n- \
bar de s- \
lunati on \
06 09 12 15 18 21 25 112
00 0.102 0.101 0.101 0.100 0.098 0.094 0.08 9 0.101
.103
.101
.101
.102
.100
.100
.102
.100
.100
.097
.008
.097
.100
.101
.101
.101
.099
.097
.104
.103
.103
.103
.103
.102
.102
.103
.102
.102
.101
.009
.098
.096
.097
.095
.103
.104
.104
.103
.103
.103
.102
.100
.101
.103
.101
.101
.099
.096
.096
.095
.093
.095
.105
.104
.101
.104
.101
.103
.102
.102
.101
.101
.009
.099
.008
.099
.095
.096
.096
.094
Addi ti onal te sts to de te rmi ne v ari ati on wi th cambe r.
TABLE III.ANGLE OF ZERO LIFT, % (DEGREES)
\ Thi ckne ss
\ de si gna-
\ ti on
Oam- \
be r de s- \
i gnatlon \
06 09 12 15 18 21 25 12 The or.
00 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0
-1.8
-1.9
-1.8
-2,1
-2.3
-2.6
-3.4
-3.9
-3.9
-4,2
-4.6
-5 .0
-5 .2
-5 .5
-6.7
-6.2
-6,6
-7.0
0
-1.8 0
-1.92
-Z08
-2.29
-2.69
-3.04
-3.60
-3.8 4
-4.15
-4.5 8
-5 .18
-6.09
-5 .40
-5 .76
-6.23
-6.8 8
-7.78
-9.13
-1.8
-1.7
-2.0
-Z
-1.7
-2.0
-L7
-1.7
-2.0
-1.7
-1.7
-2.0
24 -1.9
-2.0
-1.7
-1.8

-3.8
-3.9
-4.3
-3.6
-3.6
-4.1
-3.7
-3.9
-4.0
-3.6
-3.8
-4.1
-3.5
-3.7
-3.9
-3.6
-3.4
-3.4
1-5 .2
-5 .6
1-6.3
-5 .4
-5 .9
-6.3
-5 .4
-5 .7
-6.3
-5 .4
-5 .7
-6.0
-fi .2
-5 .7
-5 .7
-5 .2
-6.2
-5 .3
i Base d on strai ght porti on of li ft curv e e xte nde d. Se e curv e for actual v
TABLE IV.MAXIMUM LIFT COEFFICIENT, &
^\Thlokne s3
\ dosi gna-
\ tlOD
Cam \
he r de s- \
i gnati on \
06 09 13 15 IS 21 26 12
00 '0.8 8 1.27 1.5 3 1.5 3 1.49 1.38 1.20 1.5 3
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.62
1.66
1.68
1.71
1.63
1.65
l!76
1.8 2
1.75
1.66
1.67
1.75
1.8 3
1.96
1.04
1.01
1.03
i .e i
1.5 1
1.38
1.60
1.5 9
1.60
1.64
1.5 5
1.5 3
1.43
1.48
1.36
1.38
1.20
1.23
1,15
1.60
1.60
1.5 6
1.63
1.61
1.69
1.66
1.5 7
1.62
1.46
1.47
1.-64
1.29
1.37
1.46
1.5 4
1.43
1.29
1.67
1.68
1.71
1.64
1.65
1.75
1.65
1.69
1.67
"1.43
1.61
1.61
= 1.37
1.41
1.49
(a) !
NOTE.Le tte r Indi cate s type of li ft curv e pe ak.
( o)
/
TABLE V.MOMENT COEFFICIENT AT ZERO LIFT. C
\ Thi ckne ss
\de slgna-
\ ti on
Oam- \
be rde s-\
i gnati on N.
00 09 12 15 18 21 25 12 The.
-0.002 -0.003 -0.002 0.000 -0.002 -0.001 -0.003 -0.002 0
-.036
-.039
-.048
-.036
-.044
-.05 2
-.036
-.042
-.05 0
-.034
-.040
-.049
i
l
038
044
05 4
060
076
05 9
076
08 9
105
124
143
08 7
110
132
169
18 8
z
0447
05 31
08 28
0749
0912
0739
0694
1062
125 7
1497
18 26
1109
1342
15 94
18 8 5
2246
-.037
-.047
-.036
-.043
-.076
-.08 7
-.109
-.073
-.08 6
-.106
-.072
-.08 7
-.102
-.068
-.08 3
-.097
-.065
-.078
-.094
-.05 7
-.071
-.08 2
i .109
i -.129
i -. 15 9
-.110
-.133
-.15 8
-.108
-.129
-.15 4
-.105
-.125
'-. 160
-.097
-.118
-.139
-.090
-.110
-.129
i Base d on strai ght porti on ot mome nt curv e e xte nde d. Se e curv e for actual v alue .
TABLE VI.DISPLACEMENT OF CONSTANT MOMENT TABLE VIII.OPTIMUM LIFT COEFFICIENT, CY ,
POSITION IN PERCENT CHORD AHEAD OF QUAR-
TER-CHORD POINT (100 TIMES VALUES OF n FOR
EQUATION C,, = e
m
+r> Ci .)
\. Thi ckne ss
\ de si gna-
\ ti on
Cam- \
be rde s- \
i gnati on \
06 09 12 15 18 21 25 12
0.7 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.6 0.9
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.8
.3
.4
.5
1.0
1.1
1.3
.2
.5
.8
1.5
2.0
2.1
.3
.1
.0
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.3
.6
.7
.6
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.7
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
.5
.6
.8
.7
1.0
. .9
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.7
-.4
-.7
.0
.1
.0
.0
.4
.6
.7
.9
.9
1.6
1.1
1.3
1.8
1.5
1.7
1.9
TABLE VII.MINIMUM PROFILE-DRAG COEFFI-
CIENT, C
D
..
\. Thi ckne ss
\de si gna-
\ ti on
Oam- \
be r de s-\
Ignati on N.
06 09 12 15 18 21 25 12
0.0066 a 0074 0.008 3 0.0093 0.0108 0.0120 0.0143 a 008 3
.008 7
.008 9
.008 6
.008 8
.008 9
.0090
.0092
.0095
.0092
.0095
.0099
.0104
.0101
.0102
.0104
.0106
.0114
.0126
.0070
.0073
.008 3
.008 0
.008 1
.008 8
.0090
.008 9
.0100
.0099
.0103
.0112
.0112
.0127
.0126
.008 0
.0076
.008 7
.008 9
.008 6
.0093
.0101
.0095
.0103
.0107
.0105
.0113
.0119
.0116
.0126
.0134
.0132
.0138 46
63 .0092
.008 8
.0093
.11
.0094
.0100
.0108
.0104
.01 1 1
.0120
.0120
.0127
.0130
.0132
.01 4 1
.0144
.0146
.015 4
\Thi e kne ss
\de si gna-
\ ti on
Cam- \
bar de s- \
i gnati on \
08 09 12 15 18 21 25 12 ' C,
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
.17 | 0
.15
.20
.23
.20
.20
.35
.34
.32
.30
.30
.33
.5 6
.47
.45
.45
.38
.30
308
272
266
25 1
25 6
272
8 16
5 44
5 12
5 02
5 12
644
923
8 16
767
764
767
8 16
.17
.23
.18
.18
.17
.16
.10
.15
.15
.10
.12
.11
.11
.08
.07
.03
.36
.40
.40
.30
.36
.34
.23
.33
.27
.12
.22
.22
.20
.16
.16
.06
.10
.08 : : : : : :
.63
.60
.60
.46
.65
.68
.40
.42
.42
.33
.33
.33
.24
.24
.24
.13
.15
.10 ~!
' The ore ti cal li ft coe ffi ci e nt at "i de al" ai i glo of attack.
TABLE IX.RATIO OF MAXIMUM LIFT COEFFICIENT
TO MINIMUM PROFILE-DRAG COEFFICIENT,
\ Thi ckne ss
\ de si gna-
\ ti on
Oam-\
be rde s- \
i gnati on \
06 09 12 16 18 21 25 12
136 172 18 4 164 138 116 8 4 18 4
18 4
18 1
190
18 4
18 7
18 7
18 6
172
179
178
178
175
173
163
160
165
161
15 5
142
144
141
18 2
18 9
170
18 2
177
18 0
164
15 6
148
128
132
106
109
15 0
162
132
18 0
18 6
168
161
170
164
146
ISO
143
123
127
123
96
104
106
1 67
1 66
139
1 65
1 79
1 71
1 62
1 69
1 68
1 29
133
132
110
1 1 4
1 1 4
96
9 7
97
P
I
rfwti i c di re cti ons of axe s and angle (foi wss and lurfacni ft') are hown hy arrows
Axi s.
. ]'\> ri -e ;
f paralle l
lO ll\w)
symbol
Mome nt about a> i i s Angle Ve loci ti e s
De si gnati on
Sym-
bol
De si gnati on
Sym-
bol
Posi ti v e
di re cti on
De si gn-
ti ou .+ hot
Li ne ar
(compo-
ne nt along
axi s)
Angular
Longi tudi nal
Late ral
:
.
_ ,
X
mmm
z
Ulli :
Y
Z
O
S

L
M
N
Y > Z
X-^+Y:
n.i u
Pi tch_ .-.
Yaw_ _ fL
wMm
*

r
Absolute coe ffi ci e nts of mome nt
Mi
(rolli ng)
1 1
(pi tcli i ng) (yawi ng)
Angle of ge t of cpji trpt surface (re lati v e to ne utral
posi ti on), S. (Indi cate surface by prope r subscri pt.)
2/, Di ame te r
:.yf Ge ome tri c pi tch
js/I?, Pi tch rati o' -
V, Inflow v e loci ty
V,
x
Sli pstre am v e loci ty
T, Thrust, absolute coe ffi ci e nt C
T

Q,. ...Torque , absolute coe ffi ci e nt C
Q
=
4 . PROPELLER SYMBOLS
T
W
6
Wi
V,
P
'Powe r',-absolute coe ffi ci e nt ^p
=
"
r
Tt^
Spe e d-powe r cooffi ci e nt=J7~
2
Effi ci e ncy
$, Effe cti v e he Ux angle = tari ff ^
1 hp.76.04 Ug-m/s--=5 5 0 ft-lb./se c.
I me tri c horse powe r -= 1.0132 hp.
||;r
:
m.p.h. =0.4470 m.p.s.
i ;ri |a
i
p.s;=2.2369 m.p^h.
MASSACHUSETTS
INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY
LIBRARY
5. NUMERICAL RELATIONS
li b. =0.45 36 kg,
lkg-2.204Glb.
\m.~ lmMm**$f SIGN THIS CARD AND LEAVE IT
1 m*=3.28 08 &
i n
the tray upon the de sk.
' . . NO BOOK may be take n from the room
A
unti l i t has be e n REGISTERED jgf
i n thi s manne r.
RETURN thi s book to the DESK
as soon as you hav e fi ni she d wi th i t,
ANOTHER READER may ne e d i t.
LC44-S' 40-I O.OOO
::5 W:W:*:
ATI-71 144
Nati onal Adv i sory Commi tte e for Ae ronauti cs, Lang-
Icy Ae ronauti cal Lab., Langle y Ai r Force Base , Va.
(4G0)
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF 78 RELATED AIRFOIL
SECTIONS FROM TESTS IN THE VARIABLE DENSITY
WIND TUNNEL 194G, by Eastman N. Jacobs, Ke nne th E.
Ward and Itobe rt M Pi nkcrton. 194C. GO pp.
UNCLASSIFIED
(Not abstracte d)
DIVISION: Ae rodynami cs (2)
SECTION: Wi ngs and Ai rfoi ls (6)
DISTRIBUTION: U. S. Mi li tary Orcani zatlont re que st
copi e s from ASTIA-DSC. Othe rs route re que sts to
ASTIA-DSC thru AMC, Wrh-hl-Button i on ,
-Jji ti i e , ai ylcni ) O. dMttt: NACA.
I. Jacobs, Eastman N.
II. Ward, Ke nne th E.
HL Pi nkcrton, Robe rt M.
KMill SIHVII'IS 1 1 (IINIi: Al INf UHMAl ION AGINI'f
IXICIIMIM si KVII: I aIIII
jH'x-saf/btt

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