9/20/14 Explaining Sleep Duration in Adolescents: The Impact of SocioDemographic and Lifestyle Factors and Working Status, Chronobiology

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Sleep and Sleepiness, and Fatigue
Explaining Sleep Duration in Adolescents: The
Impact of SocioDemographic and Lifestyle
Factors and Working Status
2008, Vol. 25, No. 2-3 , Pages 359-372 (doi:10.1080/07420520802110639)
Prof.Frida Marina Fischer
1
, Roberta Nagai
1
and Liliane Reis Teixeira
1
1
Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, So Paulo,
Brazil

Correspondence: Prof.Frida Marina Fischer, Department of Environmental

Health, University of So Paulo, School of Public Health, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo,
715, 01246904, SP, Brazil fmfische@usp.br
Previous studies found students who both work and attend school undergo a partial sleep
deprivation that accumulates across the week. The aim of the present study was to obtain
information using a questionnaire on a number of variables (e.g., sociodemographics, lifestyle,
work timing, and sleepwake habits) considered to impact on sleep duration of working (n=51) and
nonworking (n=41) highschool students aged 1421 yrs old attending evening classes (19:00
22:30 h) at a public school in the city of So Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected for working days and
days off. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with
sleep duration on weekdays and weekends. Work, sex, age, smoking, consumption of alcohol and
caffeine, and physical activity were considered control variables. Significant predictors of sleep
duration were: work (p < 0.01), daily work duration (810 h/day; p < 0.01), sex (p=0.04), age 1821
yrs (0.01), smoking (p=0.02) and drinking habits (p=0.03), irregular physical exercise (p < 0.01),
ease of falling asleep (p=0.04), and the sleepwake cycle variables of napping (p < 0.01), nocturnal
awakenings (p < 0.01), and midsleep regularity (p < 0.01). The results confirm the hypotheses that
young students who work and attend school showed a reduction in nighttime sleep duration.
Sleep deprivation across the week, particularly in students working 810 h/day, is manifested
through a sleep rebound (i.e., extended sleep duration) on Saturdays. However, the different roles
played by sociodemographic and lifestyle variables have proven to be factors that intervene with
nocturnal sleep duration. The variables related to the sleepwake cyclenaps and night
awakeningsproved to be associated with a slight reduction in nighttime sleep, while regularity in
sleep and wakeup schedules was shown to be associated with more extended sleep duration,
with a distinct expression along the week and the weekend. Having to attend school and work,
coupled with other sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, creates an unfavorable scenario for
satisfactory sleep duration.
Keywords
Adolescents, Youth at Work, Work, Sleep Duration, High School Students
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9/20/14 Explaining Sleep Duration in Adolescents: The Impact of SocioDemographic and Lifestyle Factors and Working Status, Chronobiology International, Inf
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