Please do not write outside this border

Please do not write outside this border

University of Nottingham
Department of Civil
Engineering
EXAMINATION
ANSWER
SHEET
SESSION
2012 / 2013
SEMESTER
Autumn / Spring
MODULE NAME:
CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES
MODULE NUMBER
H23 SM3
Page 1 of 11
QUESTION NO: Q.1 START / CONTINUE (please delete one) EXAMINER: DR LAU TECK LEONG
Question 1
Part (a):
Target strength = Mean strength aimed for in mix design. It is also the mean
of a population of strength tests.
Characteristic strength = Strength at which a specified percentage of results
are greater, typically 95% in concrete design, but can
be any percentage.
Margin = target characteristic
Statistical data gives means and S.D.; Margin = k x S.D. = 1.64 (@ 95%)
(4 marks)
Part (b):
Free water = water that is available for hydration of cement and for
workability of fresh concrete.
Minimum w/c ratio for full hydration of cement = 0.38. Any extra water is
present is for workability, and some may be soaked up by aggregates if they
are anything other than SSD. However, extra water produces water filled, and
later on, are capillaries and voids which weaken the compressive strength by
producing possible tensile plane.
(4 marks)
This answer continued on next page / end of answer / end of paper (please delete as appropriate)
Please do not write outside this border
Please do not write outside this border
University of Nottingham
Department of Civil
Engineering
EXAMINATION
ANSWER
SHEET
SESSION
2012 / 2013
SEMESTER
Autumn / Spring
MODULE NAME:
CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES
MODULE NUMBER
H23 SM3
Page 2 of 11
QUESTION NO: Q.1 START / CONTINUE (please delete one) EXAMINER: DR LAU TECK LEONG
Question 1
Part (c): Mix design.
(ii) Target compressive strength 40 N/mm
2
at 28 days & slump = 50mm
w/c = 0.56
water content = 210 kg/m
3
Cement content = 210/0.56 = 375 kg/m
3
.
(6 marks)
This answer continued on next page / end of answer / end of paper (please delete as appropriate)
Please do not write outside this border
University of Nottingham
Department of Civil
Engineering
EXAMINATION
ANSWER
SHEET
SESSION
2012 / 2013
SEMESTER
Autumn / Spring
MODULE NAME:
CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES
MODULE NUMBER
H23 SM3
Page 3 of 11
QUESTION NO: Q.1 START / CONTINUE (please delete one) EXAMINER: DR LAU TECK LEONG
Question 1
Part (c): Mix design.
(ii) Target compressive strength 40 N/mm
2
at 28 days & slump = 50mm
(6 marks)
This answer continued on next page / end of answer / end of paper (please delete as appropriate)
2.7
2400
1815
2400 210 375
50
37
672
1143
0.37
672 1815
Please do not write outside this border
University of Nottingham
Department of Civil
Engineering
EXAMINATION
ANSWER
SHEET
SESSION
2012 / 2013
SEMESTER
Autumn / Spring
MODULE NAME:
CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES
MODULE NUMBER
H23 SM3
Page 4 of 11
QUESTION NO: Q.2 START / CONTINUE (please delete one) EXAMINER: DR LAU TECK LEONG
Question 2
(i) Wall dimensions checks;
h/t = 3000/102.5 = 29.3
l/t = 4000/102.5 = 39
Hence panel size ok.
Orthogonal ratio;
= f
xk1
/f
xk2
= 0.3/0.9
= 0.333.
(2)
(1)
Total: (3 marks)
(ii) Bending moment parallel to bed joint;
Bending moment coefficient; o
2
;
h/l =
3
/
4
; o
2
= 0.081.
Design bending moment parallel to bed joint, M
Ed,1
;
M
Ed,1
= o
1
W
Ed
l
2
= 0.333x0.081x0.40x3
2
M
Ed,1
= 0.097 kNm per meter run.
(1)
(2)
Bending moment resistance, M
Rd,1
;
M
Rd,1
= [(f
xk1
/
m
) + o
d
] Z
= [(0.3/3) + 0] (1000x102.5
2
/6)
M
Rd,1
= 0.175 kNm per meter run.
(2)
Total: (5 marks)
This answer continued on next page / end of answer / end of paper (please delete as appropriate)
Please do not write outside this border
University of Nottingham
Department of Civil
Engineering
EXAMINATION
ANSWER
SHEET
SESSION
2012 / 2013
SEMESTER
Autumn / Spring
MODULE NAME:
CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES
MODULE NUMBER
H23 SM3
Page 5 of 11
QUESTION NO: Q.2 START / CONTINUE (please delete one) EXAMINER: DR LAU TECK LEONG
Question 2 cont.
(iii) Bending moment perpendicular to bed joint;
Bending moment coefficient; o
2
;
h/l =
3
/
4
; o
2
= 0.081.
Design bending moment perpendicular to bed joint, M
Ed,2
;
M
Ed,2
= o
2
W
Ed
l
2
= 0.081x0.40x4
2
M
Ed,2
= 0.518 kNm per meter run.
Bending moment resistance, M
Rd,2
;
M
Rd,2
= [(f
xk2
/
m
) + o
d
] Z
= [(0.9/3) + 0] (1000x102.5
2
/6)
M
Rd, 2
= 0.525 kNm per meter run.
(1)
(2)
(2)
Total: (5 marks)
(iv) Shear resistance;
V
Rd
= f
vd
t l
c
Where;
f
vd
= f
vk
/
m
f
vk
= f
vko
+ 0.4 o
d
< 0.065 f
b
= 0.20
V
Rd
= (0.20 / 3) x 102.5 x (1x4+2x3) x10
3
= 68.333kN
V
Rd
= 68.333 / (4x3)
= 5.694 kN/m
2
(> V
Ed
, therefore ok)
(2)
(2)
(1)
Total: (5 marks)
(v) Cause of action.
- increase the wall thickness.
- increase the mortar strength.
Total: (2 marks)
This answer continued on next page / end of answer / end of paper (please delete as appropriate)
Please do not write outside this border
University of Nottingham
Department of Civil
Engineering
EXAMINATION
ANSWER
SHEET
SESSION
2012 / 2013
SEMESTER
Autumn / Spring
MODULE NAME:
CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES
MODULE NUMBER
H23 SM3
Page 6 of 11
QUESTION NO: Q.3 START / CONTINUE (please delete one) EXAMINER: DR LAU TECK LEONG
Question 3
Part (a)
Timber comprises cellulose fibre (about 3/4 of vol. in softwood, only 2/3
hardwood) and a bonding agent lignin which gives physical strength. Also
comprises upto 20% air voids. Because of the physical construction due to
growth patterns, volume changes due shrinkage are different in all directions.
Therefore differential shrinkage rates lead to warping and cracking.
(7 marks)
This answer continued on next page / end of answer / end of paper (please delete as appropriate)
Please do not write outside this border
University of Nottingham
Department of Civil
Engineering
EXAMINATION
ANSWER
SHEET
SESSION
2012 / 2013
SEMESTER
Autumn / Spring
MODULE NAME:
CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES
MODULE NUMBER
H23 SM3
Page 7 of 11
QUESTION NO: Q.3 START / CONTINUE (please delete one) EXAMINER: DR LAU TECK LEONG
Question 3 continue
Part (b)
kNm M nt DesignMome
m
kN
w totallaod
m
kN
L L imposed
m
kN
L D selfweight
Ed
362 . 15
8
4
681 . 7 ,
681 . 7 5 . 1 5 35 . 1 1344 . 0
5 .
1344 . 0 7 ) 02 . 0 56 . 0 2 02 . 0 2 . 0 ( .
2
= =
= + =
=
= + =
(3 marks)
(i) Bending Moment;
2
mod
. , , ,
. , ,
2 . , , ,
3 6
3 3
2
862 . 8
7 . 0 1 1
3 . 1 772 . 4
772 . 4
10 219 . 3
300
12
560 180
12
600 200
362 . 15
8
4
681 . 7
mm
N
k k k
f
f
mm
N
Z
M
f
mm
y
I
Z
kNm M
sys h
m req d y m
req k m
req d y m
=

= =
= =
=

= =
= =

Therefore choose grade C9, providing f

m,k
= 9 N/mm
2
(5 marks)
(ii) Shear
2
mod
. ,
. ,
2
3
. ,
64 . 2
7 . 0
3 . 1 422 . 1
422 . 1
540 20
10 362 . 15
362 . 15
2
4
681 . 7
mm
N
k
f
f
mm
N
bh
V
f
kNm V
m req vd
req vk
req vd
=

=
=

= =
= =

Therefore choose grade C27, providing f

v,k
= 2.8 N/mm
2
(5 marks)
This answer continued on next page / end of answer / end of paper (please delete as appropriate)
Please do not write outside this border
University of Nottingham
Department of Civil
Engineering
EXAMINATION
ANSWER
SHEET
SESSION
2012 / 2013
SEMESTER
Autumn / Spring
MODULE NAME:
STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 3
MODULE NUMBER
H23 SM3
Page 8 of 11
QUESTION NO: Q.4 START / CONTINUE (please delete one) EXAMINER: DR LAU TECK LEONG
Question 4
Part (a)
(i) Under-reinforced: the strain in the tensile reinforcement reaches yield strain before the concrete
crushes. The strength of the reinforcement is not sufficient to cause failure in the concrete.
(ii) Over-reinforced: the concrete reaches its crushing yield value, while the reinforcement still in
elastic range. The strength of the concrete is no sufficient to cause yielding of the bars.
(iii) Balanced: the yield of steel and crushing of concrete occurs simultaneously.
Total: (6 marks)
Part (b)
(i) Show that x/d = 0.617
(1)
d x Therefore
d
x
d
x
617 . 0 ;
617 . 0
002175 . 0 0035 . 0
0035 . 0
=
=
+
=
(1)
EC round this number to 0.6d to prevent over-
reinforced strain distribution.
(1)
If x>0.6d the force in the concrete must be
limited to this depth, and if necessary provide
additional bars to accommodate for the
additional compressive force.
(1)
Total: (4 marks)
This answer continued on next page / end of answer / end of paper (please delete as appropriate)
0.0035
0.87f
yk
/ E
= 0.002175
x
d
Please do not write outside this border
University of Nottingham
Department of Civil
Engineering
EXAMINATION
ANSWER
SHEET
SESSION
2012 / 2013
SEMESTER
Autumn / Spring
MODULE NAME:
STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 3
MODULE NUMBER
H23 SM3
Page 9 of 11
QUESTION NO: Q.4 START / CONTINUE (please delete one) EXAMINER: DR LAU TECK LEONG
Question 4 Cont
Part (b) (ii) Show that
d f 0.2722 F
) d 0.6 x where ( d 0.48 f 0.567 F
x 0.8 f 0.567 F
ck c
ck c
ck c
=
= =
=
(2)
(shown) d f 0.206 M
) 0.4x - d z where ( ) d 0.76 ( ) d f 0.2722 (
Z F M
2
ck
ck
c
=
= =
=
(1)
Total: (3 marks)
Part (c) Doubly reinforcement:
Design moment, M
Ed
= 900kNm.
Maximum possible moment resistance of a singly reinforced beam;
M
Rd, singly reinforced
= 0.206 f
ck
bd
2
= 0.206 x 30 x 300 x 650
2
= 783.315 kNm
(2)
Moment to be resisted by the top steel;
M
Ed
= M
Ed
- M
Rd, singly reinforced
= 900 783.315
= 116.685 kNm.
(1)
Required top compression steel;
A
s
= M
Ed
/ (0.87 f
yk
( d-d ))
= 116.685 x 10
6
/ (0.87 x 500 x 600)
= 447 mm
2
(2)
Required bottom tension steel;
A
s
= A
s
+ M
Ed
/ (0.87 f
yk
z)
= 447 + 783 x 10
6
/ (0.87 x 500 x 0.76 x 650)
= 447 + 3643
= 4090 mm
2
(2)
Total: (7 marks)
This answer continued on next page / end of answer / end of paper (please delete as appropriate)
0.85 f
ck
/ 1.5 =0.567 f
ck
0.8 x F
c
F
s
Z
=
d

0
.
4
x
Please do not write outside this border
University of Nottingham
Department of Civil
Engineering
EXAMINATION
ANSWER
SHEET
SESSION
2011 / 2012
SEMESTER
Autumn / Spring
MODULE NAME:
CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES
MODULE NUMBER
H23 SM3
Page 10 of 11
QUESTION NO: Q.5 START / CONTINUE (please delete one) EXAMINER: DR LAU TECK LEONG
Question No.5
Part (a) (i).
s
z
oflinks No
u cot
. =
(3 marks)
Part (a) (ii).
(3 marks)
Part (a) (iii).
.5 z b f
sin 2
2 Sin .5 z b f
Sin Cos z b f V
w cd
1 -
w cd
w cd Rd Strut,
)
`

=
=
=
0
0
Ed
V
u
u
u u
(4 marks)
This answer continued on next page / end of answer / end of paper (please delete as appropriate)
Please do not write outside this border
University of Nottingham
Department of Civil
Engineering
EXAMINATION
ANSWER
SHEET
SESSION
2011 / 2012
SEMESTER
Autumn / Spring
MODULE NAME:
CONCRETE AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES
MODULE NUMBER
H23 SM3
Page 11 of 11
QUESTION NO: Q.5 START / CONTINUE (please delete one) EXAMINER: DR LAU TECK LEONG
Q 5 Part (b)
kN 71.35 V Therefore;
(ok) kN 40 600 200 30 1.633 0.035 bd f k 0.035 V
kN 71.35 V
)
500 200
1609 100
30 ( 500 200 1.633 0.12 V
500
200
1
d
200
1 k where,
)
d b
A 100
f ( bd k 0.12 V
. reinforced shear non - strength shear (i)
c Rd,
ck c Rd,
c Rd,
3
c Rd,
3
sl
ck c Rd,
=
= = >
=

=
s = + = + =
=
2
3
2
3
2 633 . 1
(4 marks)
(ii) Link spacing;
{ }

561 . 19
631 . 0 sin 2
500 9 . 0 200
5 . 1
30
250
30
1 6 . 0 1 5 . 0
10 300
sin 2
5 . 0
sin 2
1
3
1
1
1
=
=

|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
)
`

u
u
u
o
u
z b f v
V
w cd cw
Ed
mm 130 say mm. 128 s
5 . 2 450 250 87 . 0
s
157
10 x 300
cot 87 . 0
s
A
V
2.5. use therefore 2.5, than more is which 2.81, cot Then
3
sw
s Rd,
=
=
=
=
u
u
Z f
ywk
(3)
(3)
Total; (6 marks)
This answer continued on next page / end of answer / end of paper (please delete as appropriate)