Indirect Quotes

An indirect quote is the paraphrased

version of a persons speech.
Doesnt need quotation marks
Needs proper citations
Use for portraying specific language
Use for hitting on key events/details
iterary !orks shorter than a three act
play or complete "ook
#itles of sections from other "ooks
$hapters in "ooks
Articles in ne!spapers% maga&ines% or 'ournals
(pisodes of television and radio series
#itles of short or minor !orks
)ongs
)hort stories
(ssays
)hort poems
*ne Act plays
$olon+
Used !hen the introduction to
the quote could stand as a
sentence alone% or !hen
introducing quotes of t!o or
more sentences.
,eriod+
Used !hen introducing a
"lock quote or !hen the
introductory sentence can
stand alone% "ut a colon is
usually preferred.
No punctuation+
Used !hen the quotes
material flo!s from the
introductory sentence% no
punctuation is needed.
-Quotations.
Direct Quotes
Direct quotations are e/act phrases of a
persons speech.
#hey require quotation marks.
$apitali&e the first letter of the quotation
!hen the quote is a complete sentence.
If the quote is not a complete sentence% do
not "egin the quote !ith a capital letter.
Quotation marks come in pairs.
Al!ays transcri"e the quote e/actly.
Quotations around #itles
,unctuation
,eriods and commas al!ays go inside the quotation marks e/cept !here a reference is placed after the
quote.
$ite a quote "y putting parenthesis around the author0s last name% and page num"er from !hich the quote
came from% or if the paper is !ritten a"out one previously cited author% 'ust the page num"er !ill suffice.
$olons and semicolons are placed outside the quotation marks
Question and e/clamation marks go inside the closing quotation marks if it applies to the quote and
outside if it applies to the !hole sentence.
1hen placing a quote !ithin a quotation% surround the quote !ith single quotation marks.
$omma+
2ost common to
introduce quoted
material.
Drama and ,oetry
o Indent the name of the speakers from the left margin% and all other lines a quarter inch.
o 1rite the speakers name in all caps% follo!ed "y a period.
o $ite the act% scene% and line num"ers.
o #ry to keep the formatting as "est as possi"le.
o In prose drama% keep the stage directions as they appear in the original source
o 1hen separating stan&as for short poetry quotes% use a -/. to replace the line "reaks. 3eep the
different stan&as capitali&ed.
o A "lock is four or more lines of prose. #he quote goes on a ne! line and indented one inch.
o Use "lock quoting for t!o or more paragraphs for poetry as !ell% even if one of the paragraphs is
less than four lines.
o Indent the first line of each paragraph an e/tra quarter inch.
o 1hen citing more than three lines of poetry% keep the formatting as close to the original as
possi"le.
o 1hen deleting one or more full lines of poetry% space several periods the length of the stan&a.
$hanging Quotes
If the original quote is too long and not all the !ords are necessary% you can delete part of the
quote and replace it !ith an ellipsis.
1hen removing material% "e sure that youre not altering the meaning of the quotation and that it
remains grammatically correct.
If the quote is unclear and you !ant to add !ords to provide clarity% place the added material in
"rackets.
1hen altering !ords to allo! the sentence to flo!% insert the altercations in "rackets.

*ther Uses
(ach persons dialogue goes in a separate paragraph. 1hen a speech is more than one paragraph%
open !ith quotes !ith each paragraph% "ut do not use end quotes until the final paragraph of that
speech.
Quotation marks can "e used to sho! irony or sarcasm in a situation% as !ell as used !ith
technical terms or terms used in an unusual !ay.
Used for specific letters or !ords.
1hen inserted in the middle of a name% a nickname should have quotes around them.
Quotation marks can "e used to enclose a translation% "ut must set the translation off !ith
commas.
)ingle quotation marks can also "e used "ut are less common% "ut is not off set !ith commas% and
all other punctuation required in the sentence is placed outside of the quotations.