Dr.

Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
5ess|on l
Introduction
and
Lightning Mechanism
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Introduction
Business, industry and public institution
depend on electronic data engineering.
Electronic data processing (EDP) systems,
measuring system, telecommunications,
instrumentation and control are all parts of
the modern society.
The future lies in the computer integrated
factory or in the computer-integrated
business and administration
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Everywhere,
computers in local banks or businnes are
connected to the computing center.
This networked world, with its growing
flow of information, is, however, severly
hindered by interference or damages to the
essential transmission system in the
telephone and data networks, as well as at
terminals.
This system can quickly lead to
CATSTROPHE if the system fail.
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
A study highlighted the
seriousness of the situation
Without EDP
banks will survive for .. 2.0 days
Sales oriented enterprise 3.3 days
Manufacturers 4.9 days
Insurance company.. 5.6 days
Many business sectors .. 4.8 days
Nine out of ten enterprises will close if the
computer fails for two weeks
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
The most
frequent reason for the failure of such
electronics system is
frons|enf e|ecfromognef|c |nferferences that
disturb the flow of data and destroy electronic
equipment.
Risk can be controlled by
F|ecfromognef|c compof|b|||fy (FMC) measures :
This specify conditions under which any kinds of
electric equipment do not disturb each other and
also where electromagnetic phenomena, for
example, lightning discharge will not disturb their
function.
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Among the threats
from the electromagnetic environment,
||ghfn|ng d|schorge is the most important and
therefore this determines to a great extent the
protective measures that must be undertaken in the
frame work of EMC.
Therefore, modern lightning protection does not
only mean protection of buildings but especially the
protection of those devices inside the buildings
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
MCR
110 kV
Data
TV
Telephone
400/230 V
ABC Company
Mobile
phone
2

k
m
2

k
m
Lightning threat
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
L|ghfn|ng d|schorge -
a special
electromagnetic source of
interference
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Lightning Discharge at
Lembang Area - Bandung
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Lightning
Intra Cloud
Cloud to Ground
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Backgrounds.
Indonesia terletak pada khatulistiwa yang
mempunyai hari-guruh sangat tinggi dengan aktivitas
100 sampai 200 hari-guruh per tahun.
Industri di Indonesia menggunakan semakin banyak
peralatan dan sistem yang canggih menggunakan
komponen elektronik dan mikroprosesor dan sangat
sensitif terhadap PEdP (Pulsa Elektromagnetik dari
Petir) atau LEMP (Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse)
Karakteristik petir di Indonesia yang tidak sama
dengan karakteristik petir di luar negeri yang
dijadikan standar oleh Badan Standarisasi dunia
pada umumnya.
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Backgrounds. (Contd)
Sangat sedikitnya informasi tentang Sistem
Proteksi Petir dan Standar yang digunakan
Sistem Pendeteksi Sambaran Petir khususnya
di negara tropis seperti Indonesia sehingga
sangat kurangnya Awareness atau
kesiagaan terhadap kemungkinan bahaya
petir.
Banyaknya instalasi-instalasi penting dan
berbahaya yang menjadi target mudah (easy
target) bagi sambaran petir karena strukturnya
yang tinggi dan pada lokasi yang terbuka.
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Apa Pengaruh
Petir pada masyarakat
modern ??
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Lightning on modern society
Production Function :
Man Power and Equipment,
Safety, Security and
reliability
Infrastructure
Facilities, Electric Power,
Telecommunication, Data
Processing , Instrumentation,
Control
CB Cloud
CB Cloud
Modern Society
Single
Simultaneous
Panic
Catastrophic
Damage
Destructions
Lightning
Characteristics
Lightning Protection System
1. External Protection
2. Internal Protection
Lightning Detection System
1. Real Time : Detection Process, Emergency Planning, Safety, Prediction
2. Historical : LPS Design, Fault Analysis, Reliability, Preventive Maintenance
PREVENTION
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Fungsi sosial masyarakat
modern
bandar udara dan
pelabuhan laut
jalan tol
rumah sakit
sistem telekomunikasi
pembangkitan, pengaturan,
penyaluran dan
pendistribusian tenaga
listrik
intelligent building (berbasis
mikroprosesor) pada
gedung-gedung tinggi,
pusat pengolahan data
beserta jaringannya
sistem kontrol pada mesin-
mesin industri
stasiun relay radio, televisi
dengan tower dan stasiun
bumi,
sistem pertahanan militer
instalasi lain dengan
peralatan yang
menggunakan komponen
elektronik dan
mikroprosesor
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Fenomena petir di
daerah tropis
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Proses terbentuknya awan
petir
Dibutuhkan udara naik (Up-draft) keatas
akibat pemanasan permukaan tanah atau
sifat orografis permukaan tanah
Dibutuhkan partikel aerosol (mengambang)
yang hygroskopis (menyerap air) dari garam
laut atau partikel industri yang naik bersama
up-draft
Dibutuhkan udara lembab yang naik keatas
untuk pembentukan partikel es (hailstone) di
awan
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
0
2,0
5,0
7,5
10,0
12,5
15,0
28
0
-30
0
C
t
KM KM
Pembentukan sel bermuatan
listrik pada awan petir
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Cumulonimbus (Mature)
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Formasi dasar terjadinya petir
Terjadi pembentukan
muatan negatif di dalam
awan
Terjadi peningkatan kuat
medan listrik
Muatan positif akan
terbentuk dan berkumpul
dipermukaan tanah
Terjadi ionisasi yang
menghasilkan petir
melangkah
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Formasi dasar terjadinya petir
Petir dari awan terus
melangkah ke tanah
Kuat medan pada
ujung struktur diatas
tanah terus meningkat
Terjadi aliran muatan
positif yang kuat dari
atas struktur ditanah
Aliran muatan bergerak
cepat menuju keawan.
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Bagaimana petir terbentuk?
Leader & streamer bertemu
pada lompatan akhir,
sekitar 10-100 meter
Return stroke melalui jalur
yg sudah terionisasi
Total muatan yang
dipindahkan pada
sambaran balik sekitar 5 -
200 coulomb dalam 0.05 -
1.5 detik
Petir ikutan melalui jalur
yang sama
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Formasi dasar terjadinya petir
Aliran muatan positif
keatas bertemu dengan
ujung lidah petir yang
melangkah ketanah
Membentuk alur
muatan listrik
Alur muatan Listrik
disebut "return stroke"
Terlihat cahaya Petir
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
MUATAN POSITIF
YANG DIINDUKSIKAN
PETIR
PENGHUBUNG
PUSAT MUATAN NEGATIF PADA
AWAN BERMUATAN
r
LIDAH PETIR DENGAN
INTI PLASMA
Pertumbuhan muatan di ujung
lidah petir dan di tanah
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
PETIR LOMPAT
(STEPPED LEADER)
PUKULAN BALIK
(RETURN STROKE)
PENANGKAL PETIR
KAMERA DENGAN FILM DIAM
WAKTU, t
KAMERA DENGAN FILM BERGERAK
Pergerakan lidah pelopor dari
awan ke tanah
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Downward Downward
Leader Leader
Return Stroke Return Stroke
Competing Competing
Upward Leader Upward Leader
Strike!
Stepped Stepped
Leader Leader
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Source: Tokyo Lightning Protection and Earthing System Corporation
Lightning Flash
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Talk about lightning..
Facts :
A strike can average 100 million volts of electricity and current
of up to 200,000 amperes
Can generate 10.000
o
C (hotter than a sun, yet created by ice)
Why Lightning?
Can strike every where : lightning strikes somewhere on the
Earth every second and can strike ground up to ten miles from a
storm
Lately, the use and development of electronics and
microprocessors based system in modern society are increase :
small size low insulation level highly potential to be
destructed by lightning electromagnetic impulse
Why Indonesia?
Indonesia is a tropical archipelago with the highest lightning
activity in the world : Guinness Book of Records - Weather
Records Thunder Days (Year):(m) World 322 days, Bogor
(formerly Buitenzorg), Java, Indonesia
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Pudu uduru ceruh segumIuh besur ion positif bergeruk ke uruh permukuun tunuh
dun menetruIisir muutun negutif di permukuun tunuh, Pudu suut uduru buruk
budui guntur meIepuskun muutun negutif ke permukuun tunuh untuk mengguntikun
muutun negutif yung teIuh hiIung
Cuoco
Ceroh
8odo|
Guntur
Doeroh
Kondukt||
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Kenapa ada petir?
50km
Terre
Electrosphre
Cumulo-
nimbus
effet
couronne
pluie
beau
temps
beau
temps
300kV
Sirkuit listrik global
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Thunderstormdays
Atau
Hari guruh
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Hari guruh
Jumlah sambaran petir dihitung dengan
berapa hari guruh terdengar dalam satu
tahun dan dinyatakan dengan hari guruh
atau thunderstorm days
Tempat-tempat yang mempunyai hari guruh
yang sama dihubungkan dengan satu garis
pada peta yang disebut sebagai isokeraunic
level
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Hari guruh (Contd)
Isokeraunic level ini dipetakan oleh badan
meteorologi dunia dan juga oleh Badan Meteorologi
dan Geofisika Indonesia
Hari guruh maksimum di beberapa negara :
Eropa : 30 hari guruh
Amerika : 100 hari guruh
Jepang : 80 hari guruh
Korea : 80 hari guruh
Australia : 80 hari guruh
lndones|o : 200 hor| guruh (ferf|ngg| d|dun|o don
d|cofof do|om Gu|nness 8ook of kecords)
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Peta hari guruh dunia
berdasarkan WMO/OMM-1956
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Peta hari guruh di Eropa
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Peta hari guruh di USA
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Lightning Flash Density
atau
Kerapatan sambaran petir
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Kerapatan sambaran
Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi deteksi
petir, parameter hari guruh hampir tidak digunakan
lagi
Kerapatan sambaran (Ground Flash Density GFD
atau Number Flash to Ground Ng) adalah jumlah
sambaran petir ke tanah per kilometer persegi per
tahun
Data GFD ini lebih akurat dari hari guruh, yang
hanya menghandalkan pengamatan langsung
semata
Data GFD dapat diperoleh dari Teknologi Lightning
Detection System (LPATS)
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Kerapatan Kejadian Petir tahun 2001
-
-- PT.CALTEX PACIFIC INDONESIA PT.CALTEX PACIFIC INDONESIA
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Stroke Flash Density Analysis
LAPI ITB
LAPI ITB LAPI ITB -
-- PT.CALTEX PACIFIC INDONESIA
PT.CALTEX PACIFIC INDONESIA PT.CALTEX PACIFIC INDONESIA
Strokes Flash Density Analysis
Stroke Type : All
Location : PT. CP! Position : 1.1259 N, 101.2992 E
Date : January 1, 2002 - Oktober 31, 2002 Window : (200 x 200) km2
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Kerapatan sambaran (Contd)
Peta GFD suatu daerah
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Tn !ncatc thc cxact tImc and pnsItInn
Tn !ncatc thc cxact tImc and pnsItInn
nf !IghtnIng
nf !IghtnIng
t
1
, d
1
t
2
, d
2
t
3
, d
3
RR1
RR2
RR3
JADPEN
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
The Future Indonesian Lightning Detection
Network (JADPEN)
Palapa B 2R GPS - USA
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Juringun komunikusi JADPEN
SENSOR
SENSOR
SENSOR
BUFFERS
BUFFERS
BUFFERS
SENSOR
SENSOR
SENSOR
STORE
1
16
NETWORK
ARCHIVE
NETWORK
MONITOR
CUSTOMER
DIAL-IN
CUSTOMER
BACK-UP
MODEM
SERVICES
TIS
PORTS
CENTRAL ANALYZER
AND FORMAT
LAPI ELPATSINDO
HEADQUARTERS
JAKARTA
FUZZY
CONTROLLER
LINTASARTA
CENTRAL
ANALYZER
LE
LINTASARTA
HUB SATION
LA
CAP RIP
1
2
3
14
15
16
DEMO
DIAL-IN
RECEIVER
STATION
DEMODULATOR
MODEM
CUSTOMER'S FACILITY
CUSTOMER
BACK-UP
VIS
DISPLAY
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Global lightning worldwide
1999
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Lightning activity over Asia
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Beberapa pendekatan dalam
studi petir
Laboratory : Long Sparks
Modeling : Numerical Simulation
Triggered Lightning : Rocket Initiated
Lightning
Observation in situ : Natural Lightning
Electromagnetic Measurement : Lightning
Detection or Location System
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Laboratory Test
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Triggered Lightning
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Gn. Tangkuban Perahu
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Stasiun Pengukuran Petir ITB
Natural Lightning
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Stasiun Pengukuran Petir
Prof. Karl Berger, di Mt San Salvatore, Switzerland
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Lightning Detection
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Parameter petir
Arus petir yang mengalir ke bumi atau objek
diatas tanah tidak dipengaruhi oleh objek
yang disambarnya
Parameter petir didapatkan melalui
pengukuran arus petir di lapangan
Parameter petir bermanfaat untuk batasan
besaran-besaran serta ukuran peralatan
proteksi yang harus di desain
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
1
st
Parameter
Maximum Lightning
Current, i [kA] :
This parameter cause a
voltage drop on stroked
object resistances, i.e.
grounding resistance,
tower impedance

E
= .R
st
t
I

st
R
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
2
nd
Parameter
Discharge Capacity,
Q = i dt [kAs]:
This parameter is sum of
energy capacity of on
striking point where
lightning current shown as
fire spark on material,
causes i.e., melted lightning
rod, puncturing
phenomenon on airplane
aluminum body, tank or
metal sheet

Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
3
rd
Parameter
Impulse Force,
E = i
2
dt [kA2s]:
This parameter
responsible of the heat
and electrodynamics
force on conductor or
structure where the
lightning current flown

Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
4
th
Parameter
Maximum Current
Steepness, di/dt
[kA/s]:
This parameter
responsible to the
inductive voltage drop
on conductor or wire
loop in a network or
construction
U
L
= L di/dt
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Arus Funcok Fet|r
F
r
o
b
o
b
|
|
|
t
o
s
4
5
Statistik arus puncak
Europe by Karl Berger, measured at Mt San Salvatore, Switzerland : (1) petir pertama total, (2) petir negatif, (3) petir
positif. Indonesia by Reynaldo Zoro, measured at Mt Tangkuban Perahu : (4) petir negatif, (5) petir positif
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
4
5
Kecuromon Arus Fet|r
Fro
bo
b|||
tos
2
1
Statistik kecuraman arus petir
(1) Europe by Karl Berger, measured at Mt San Salvatore, Switzerland. (2) Indonesia by Reynaldo
Zoro, measured at Mt Tangkuban Perahu
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Oscillogram arus petir
Oscillogram arus petir negatif dengan 5 petir ikutan (A) dan oscillogram arus petir positif (B) (by
Karl Berger, Mt San Salvatore, Switzerland)
(A)
(B)
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Oscillogram arus petir (Contd)
Oscillogram arus petir positif (A) dan oscillogram arus petir negatif (B) (by Jaringan Deteksi Petir
Nasional, Indonesia)
(A)
(B)
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Oscillogram arus petir (Contd)
Terpa petir standard
IEC 60-2/1973
Bentuk terpa
dinyatakan dengan t
f
/t
h
,
dimana t
f
adalah waktu
muka dan t
h
adalah
waktu punggung
Bentuk tegangan terpa
petir adalah 1.2/50 s
Bentuk arus terpa petir
adalah 8/20 s
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Lightning current
components
1095e
Lightning Current
of the First Stroke
200 kA 10/350 s
Lightning Current
of Subsequent Strokes
50 kA 0.25/100 s
Lightning Current
of Long Duration Stroke
400 A 0.5 s
t
i i
t
- - i i
i i
t
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Current parameters
(see figure 1 (1.2b))
Protection level
I II III - IV
Peak current I 200 150
100
Front time T
1
(s) 10 10 10
Time to half value T
2
350
350
350
Charge of the short duration stroke Q
s
1)
100 75 50
Specific energy W/R
2)
(MJ/ ) 10 5,6 2,5
1)
Since the substantial part of the total charge Q
s
is contained in the first stroke, the
charge of all short duration strokes is considered to be incorporated in the given
values.
2)
Since the substantial part of specific energy W/R is contained in the first stroke,
the specific energy of all short duration strokes is considered to be incorporated
in the given values.
(C)
(s)
(kA)
Lightning Current parameters of the First Stroke
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Contoh data petir di Indonesia
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Zoro, R., Karakteristik Petir dan Kondisi Cuaca di Daerah
Tropis Kasus Gn. Tangkuban Perahu, Disertasi Doktor,
Insitut Teknologi Bandung, September 1999.
7,9 15,5 Kerapatan Sambaran Total (sambaran/km
2
/tahun)
1,5 3,8 4,1 12,4 Kerapatan Sambaran (sambaran/km
2
/tahun)
20 kA/ s 30 kA/ s Probability 50 %
120 kA/s 119 kA/s Maksimum Kecuraman
(di/dt)
30 kA 41 kA Rata-rata
18 kA 40 kA Probability 50 %
392 kA 335 kA Jawa Barat
298 kA 280 kA Tangkuban
Perahu
Maksimum Arus Puncak ( i
)
Polaritas
Positif
Polaritas
Negatif
Karakteristik Petir
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Distribusi arus puncak di
Depok
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Kerapatan sambaran petir di
Depok
Ng = 12.1
sambaran/
km
2
/thn
(maksimum)
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Variansi bulanan di Depok
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Statistik harian di Depok
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
SIkOKES FkEQbENCY SIAIISIIC Locot|on ot FI. CFI
Jonuory 1, 2002 - Oktober 31, 2002 WINDOW [200 X 200} km2

Hour [bIC}
Negative Positive Cloud All
Statistik Harian di Riau
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Hari guruh di Singapura
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
Statistik Harian di Singapura
Dr. Reynaldo Zoro Power Engineering Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung
Address : Gedung Kerjasama PLN ITB, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Telp/Fax. +62 22 2500995, E-mail : zoro@hv.ee.itb.ac.id
End of Session 1A..
continued to
Session 1B