N.S.S.

COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ECONOMICS,

NSS EDUCATION COMPLEX, B WING, M.P.MILLS COMPOUNDS, BEHIND
AC MARKET, TARDEO, MUMBAI -400 034

A Project on
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
In the subject of
BUSINESS ECONOMICS
Submitted to
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
For Semester I
of
MASTER OF COMMERCE (MANAGEMENT)
by
(RAHUL TUKARAM JADHAV)
(GR. NO. 36)
Under the guidance of
Asst. Prof. SachinMungase
YEAR
2013-14



DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT
I, Rahul TukaramJadhav student of M.Com (Management) Part I, GR. NO. 36.
hereby declare that the project for the subject BUSINESS ECONOMICS titled
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATIONsubmitted by me for Semester-II during the
academic year 2013-14, is based on actual work carried out by me under
theguidance and supervision of Asst. Prof. Mr. SachinMungase
I further state that this work is original and not submitted anywhere else for any
examination.

Signature of Student










EVALUATION CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the undersigned have assessed and evaluated the project on
BUSINESS ECONOMICS submitted by ______________________________
Student of M.Com PartI (Management) GR.NO.____. This Project is original to
the best of our knowledge and has been accepted for Internal Assessment.


( ) ( ) Mrs. Shamim Sayed
Internal Examiner External Examiner I/C Principal










SR. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.
CHAPTER 1 1.1 Introduction
1.2 Research problem
1.3 Objective of the study

CHAPTER 2 2.1 Review of literature if applicable
CHAPTER 3 3.1 Research Methodology/Collection of Data
CHAPTER 4 4.1 Analysis of data
CHAPTER 5 5.1 Findings
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Summary

Bibliography








CHAPTER 1
1.1 Introduction
The project should start with an introduction to include some of the information listed
below. In writing this section, the literature review is of central importance as it serves two
main functions:
1. It explains you with the available literature in the area of your study, thereby broadening
your knowledge base.
2. It provides you with information on methods and procedures other people have used in
similar situations and tells you what works and what does not.
Start with a very broad viewpoint of the main subject area, before gradually narrowing the
focus to the central problem under investigation. In doing so, cover the following aspects of
your study area:
An overview of the main area under study;
A historical viewpoint (development, growth, etc.) related to the study area;
Philosophical or ideological issues relating to the topic;
Trends in terms of commonness, if appropriate;
Major theories, if any;
The main issues, problems and advances in the subject area under study;
Important theoretical and practical issues relating to the central problem under study;
The main finds relating to the core issue(s).
Example:
Suppose that you plan to study the relationship between academic achievement and social
environment. The introduction would include the following:
The role of education in our society.
Major changes in the philosophy of education over time.
Factors affecting attitudes towards education.
The development of education in the country.
Trends in education participation rates in the country with particular reference to the
region in which the study is being carried out.
Changing educational values.
Role of parents and peers in academic achievement.
Impact of social environment on academic achievement.
1.2 Research Problem:
Having provided a broad introduction to the area under study, now focus on issues relating
to its central themes, identifying some of the gaps in the existing body of knowledge.
Identify some of the main unanswered questions. Here some of the main research questions
that you would like to answer through your study should be raised, and a justification for
each should be provided. Knowledge gained from other studies and the literature about the
issues you are proposing to investigate should be an important part of this section.
Specifically this section should:
Identify the issues that are the basis of your study;
Specify the various aspects of/viewpoints on these issues;
Identify the main gaps in the existing body of knowledge;
Raise some of the main research questions that you want to answer through your
study;
Identify what knowledge is available concerning your questions, specifying the
differences of opinion in the literature regarding these questions if differences exist;
Develop a rationale of justification for your study with particular reference to how
your study will fill the identified gaps.
The following example outline the topic that you should include in the section entitled
The problem.
What theories have been developed to explain the relationship between academic
achievement and social environment?
What is the relationship between educational achievement and social
environment: what theoretical model will be the basis of your study?
What do previous theories and research have to say regarding the components of
the theoretical model and academic achievement, for example the relationship
between academic achievement and:
- the self-esteem and aspirations/motivation of a student;
- Peer-group influence;
- parental involvement and its relationship with their socioeconomic status;
- the motivation, and interest of students in the subjects;
- employment prospects;
- relationship with a teacher;
- etc.
1.3 Objective of the study
In this section include a statement of both your studys main and sub-objectives. Your
main objective indicates the central thrust of your study whereas the sub-objectives
identify the specific issues you propose to examine.
The objective of the study should be clearly stated and specific in nature. Each sub-
objectives should explain only one issue. Use action-oriented verbs such as to
determine, to find out and to ascertain in formulating sub-objectives, which should be
numerically listed.
Example:
Main objective:
To examine the relationship between academic achievement and social environment.
Subobjectives:
1. To find out the relationship, if any, between self-esteem and a students academic
achievement at school.
2. To ascertain the association between parental involvement in a students studies and
his/her academic achievement at school.
3. To examine the links between a students peer group and academic achievement.
4. To explore the relationship between academic achievement and the attitude of a
student towards teachers.













CHAPTER 2
2.1 Review of literature if applicable
The broad two functions of a literature review are (1) to provide a theoretical
background to your study and (2) to enable you to contextualize your findings in
relation to the existing body of knowledge in addition to refining your methodology.
The content of your literature review reflects these two purposes. In order to fulfil
the first purpose, you identify and describe various theories relevant to your field;
and specify gaps in existing knowledge in the area, recent advances in the area of
study, current trends and so on. In order to fulfil with the second function you
integrate your results with specific and relevant findings from the existing literature
by comparing the two for confirmation or contradiction.
While reading the literature for theoretical background of your study, you will
realize that certain themes have emerged. List the main ones, converting them into
subheadings. These subheadings should be precise, descriptive of the theme in
question, and follow a logical progression. Now, under each subheading, record the
main findings with respect to the theme in question, highlighting the reasons for and
against an argument if they exist, and identifying gaps and issues. Some people write
up the entire literature review in one section, entitled Review of the literature or
The literature review, without subheadings. I suggests that you write your literature
review under subheadings in the following way:
Example:
Intercountry adoption in Western Australia (A profile of adoptive families)
Introduction (introductory remarks about adoption)
History and philosophy of adoption
Reasons for adoption
Trends in adoption (global and national)
Intercountry adoption
History of Intercountry adoption in Western Australia
Trends in Intercountry adoption in Western Australia
The adoption Act in Western Australia
The adoption process in Western Australia
Problems and issues in adoption
Gaps in the literature (in this case it was a lack of information about the
parents who had adopted children from other countries that became the basis
of the study)
The second broad function of the literature review contextualizing the findings of your
study requires you to very systematically compare your findings with those made by
others. Quote from these studies to show how your findings contradict, confirm or add to
them. It places your findings in the context of what other have found out. This function is
undertaken when writing about your findings, that is, after analysis of your data.

CHAPTER 3
3.1 Research Methodology/Collection of Data
This section lists some of the many secondary sources that can be grouped into the
following categories:
Government or semi-government publications there are many government and
semi-government organisations that collect data on a regular basis in a variety of
areas and publish it for use by members of the public and interest groups. Some
common examples are the census, vital statistics registration, labour force
surveys, health reports, economic forecasts and demographic information.
Earlier research for some topics, an vast number of research studies that have
already been done by others can provide you with the required information.
Personal records some people write historical and personal records that may
provide the information you need.
Mass media reports published in newspapers, magazines and so on may be
another good source of data.

Example:
The study made use of secondary data. Secondary data were collected from the various
publications of Reserve Bank of India, Government of India, State governments. Lead Banks,
National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development, Center for Monitoring Indian Economy
(CMIE), National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCEAR), Central Statistical
Organization, Planning Commission, Maharashtra State Planning Board, Department of
Agriculture, Co-operatives, Revenue, Directorate of Economics and Statistics Maharashtra,
various research papers and papers read in seminars, etc.
Bibliography
Journals
1. Rangarajan C. (1994). Indian Financial System - The Emerging Horizons, Yojana, vol.
38 No. 3 December 31.
2. Rangarajan V. (1995) Rural Banking - Lessons from the Past, National Bank News
Review, Vol. 11 No. 3.
3. Sarkar P.C. (1999). Role of Financial Institutions in India's Economic Development. The
Asian Economic Review, Journal of Indian Institute of Economics, Vol. 41, No. 3,
December.
4. Stuti Chawla (2002). Restructuring Priorities in Rural Credit - Agriculture Today, Vol. 5
April
Books
1. BasantMehata (1997). The Organisation and Working of Lead Bank Scheme in India.
Vohra Publishers and Distributions, Allahabad.
2. Bennet Robert L. (1965) The Financial Sector and Economic Development. The Mexican
Case, John Hopkins Press, Baltimone. Bhupat M. Desai (Ed 2000) Agricultural
Development Paradigm for the 9Ih plan. Oxford and IBH publishing Company Ltd., New
Delhi.
3. Desai B.M., RanjithGopla, Tripathi B.L. (1989). Framework for an Integrate Role of
Rural Financial Institutions, Oxford & IBH Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Gurudev Singh and Asokhan S.R. (1988). Institutional Finance in Rural India -
Efficiency and Efficacy, Oxford and IBH publishing company, New Delhi.
5. Keval Kumar (1987). Institutional Financing in Indian Agriculture with special reference
to Commercial Banks, Deep & Deep Publications, New Delhi.
6. Lindgren C.J., Gracia G and Sall M.I. (1996) Bank Soundness and Macro Economic
Policy International Monetary Fund, Washington D.C.
7. Maharotra S.R. (1987). Institutional Credit and Agricultural Growth, Printwell
publishers, Jaipure.