Processing and Evaluating Data

Raw Data to show the pH levels of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid mixed with
water

Amount of Water (mL) pH Levels
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5
0 5.17 5.21 5.14 5.19 5.12
100 5.25 5.24 5.32 5.52 5.39
200 5.38 5.42 5.41 5.39 5.40
300 5.52 5.60 5.45 5.58 5.46
400 5.68 5.66 5.46 5.52 5.45

Observations: The Calcium Chloride dissolved, bubbles were created, a gas
was discharged, the pH levels changed,

Independent
Variable (mL)
Mean
(mL)
Highest Trial
Value (mL)
Lowest Trial
Value (mL)
Range
(mL)
0 5.16 5.12 5.21 0.09
100 5.34 5.24 5.52 0.28
200 5.40 5.38 5.42 0.04
300 5.52 5.45 5.6 0.14
400 5.55 5.45 5.68 0.23

Mean sum of all trials number of trials (5)
Range Highest Trial Value Lowest Trial Value








How the Amount of Water Added to Calcium
Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid changed the pH
Levels



In this graph, the data shows that by adding more water, it becomes less
acidic. This is due to the extreme amount of a neutral substance, making the
acid solution weaker and have less percentage in the mix.

The trend is that by adding more water to the solution, the pH levels
increase. For every 100ml of water you add, the pH levels went up by 0.1.
Also that when no water was added, the levels were low. Then when some
water was added all of the pH levels increased.

I think that data was reliable to a point, as it shows consistent trend over the
five trials. Measuring the water was the most challenging part of organizing
the equipment. Not having enough time to wait for an accurate answer,
5.1
5.15
5.2
5.25
5.3
5.35
5.4
5.45
5.5
5.55
5.6
5.65
0 100 200 300 400

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Amount of Water Added (mL)
because the pH meter took a while to measure. Sometimes results were
similar between two different categories, and other times they were far
away. But in the end, the average pH levels werent far away from each
other. It had a close total range.

I believe my results support my hypothesis. As the amount of water added
increases, the pH levels do with it. And because of this, my data is consistent
with my hypothesis.



I believe there were enough trials to find a basic answer, but not necessarily
one that is fully accurate. I also believe there was a big enough range for
sufficient data for patterns because for every 100ml, the levels went up
enough to show patterns.

Some of the controlled variables were kept the same, but others were not
consistent. Due to human skill and accuracy of measurements, I tried my
best to keep the controlled variables similar. There may be some inaccuracy
and outliers, but because it was rushed and limited time it was hard to get
controlled variables perfect.

For the measurements, I think that the pH meter was accurate when left for a
long time. When there wasnt a lot of time to do a trial, it may not have been
as accurate as not being kept in the solution for a long time. The pH meter
was a good tool to measure and get valid data because the only other way
would be a pH indicator and universal indicator. When doing multiple trials
with a low change, it was hard to measure individual solutions, due to small
colour variance on the strip. It was not accurate and time consuming.

For the equipment, I think that this could have been organized and measured
better and more accurate by not speeding through, and not leaving it down to
do a lot of trials, in not a lot of time. Because of this, each trial in a category
may not have been fully accurate and sometimes the ranges varied.

For alternative measurements, something else that could have been
measured would be the amount of gas created or time it took to dissolve the
calcium carbonate. Something that could have been changed is the molar of
the hydrochloric acid.