106

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TRANSPORT 2005, Vol XX, No 3, 106110
1. Introduction
Logisics ccnics aic a compaiaivcly ncw phc-
nomcnon hc biih of which was simulacd by such
cndcncics as hc globalisaion of busincss pioccsscs,
woild cchnology, incicollaboiaion and hc scaich
foi ncw busincss soluions.
This phcnomcnon has no yc icccivcd an agiccd
namc. A logisics ccnic is commonly icfciicd o as a
disiibuion oi disiibuion-soiagc ccnic, caigo ci-
minal oi ccnial dcpo, dcpo basc, cc.
Thc main cims foi logisics ccnics known in
Iuiopc can bc aiiangcd by couniics, c.g.:
in Gica Biiain logisics ccnics aic callcd
Iicigh \illagcs,
in Iiancc - Plac Ioimc Logisiquc oi Pla
Ioimc Mulimodalcs,
in Gcimany - Gcivcikchiszcnium,
in !aly - !ncipoio,
in Dcnmaik - Tianspoi Ccnic.
Thc mos common and widcly uscd cim in 1a-
pan, Singapoic, China and hc \SA is 'logisics ccn-
ic`. Thcicfoic, hcic is no unanimous opinion on a
singlc cim. Howcvci, wih hc giowh of populaiiy
of logisics ccnics and hc piofi hcy makc i is likcly
ha hc cim logisics ccnic will bc hc mos ap-
piopiiac onc.
Thc cim 'logisics ccnic` is composcd ou of
hc compound of wo woids. !n oidci o pciccivc hc
coic of his compound his aiiclc analyscs hc con-
ccp and oiigin of hcsc wo woids scpaiacly as wcll
as hc oiigin of hc compound isclf. !n ohci woids,
his icscaich conccniacs on appioachcs o logisics
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DEFINITIONS OF LOGISTICS CENTRES
Ieva Meidut
Dcp/ oj T/anspo// Manacmcn/, !|/n|us Ccd|m|nas Tcc|n|ca/ Un|tc/s|/,,
Sau/c/c/|o a/ 11, LT-10223 !|/n|us-40, L|/|uan|a L-ma|/. /ctamc_/|t/u//
Rccc|tcd 2005-01-05, acccp/cd 2005-03-25
Abstract. A logisics ccnic is a ccnci foi all hc companics which paiicipac in aciviics iclacd o ianspoi
and logisics in hc bioadcs mcaning. LCs piovidc collccivc cquipmcn nccdcd o dcvclop hcsc aciviics and
havc common sciviccs foi hc companics insallcd hcic. Togchci wih hc valucs of locaion and ccnialiy a
logisics ccnic piovidcs qualiy scivicc and cffccivc sclccion of hc mos cfficicn mcans of ianspoiaion duc
o is iuly muli-modal ianspoi possibiliics.
Keyuords: Logisics ccnic, cvaluaion, incimodal ianspoi, muli-modal ianspoi
ccnics which aic vciy diffcicn dcpcnding upon hc
couniy whcic hcy wcic buil, as wcll as hcii pui-
posc. Diffcicn auhois dcfinc and pciccivc hc pui-
posc of logisics ccnics diffcicnly.
2. Concepts of logistics
Onc of hc fiis dcfiniions of logisics is: logis-
ics is a scicncc abou hc cfficicn movcmcn of ma-
ciial flows. Howcvci, ohci auhois such as D.1. Bo-
wcisox cxcndcd his pioposiion saing ha logis-
ics guaianccs logical and sccuic succcssion of soi-
agc and sicams of supplics, saiing fiom hc iniial
iaw maciial souicc, going hiough hc manufacui-
ing complcx and supply channcl and cnding wih hc
final consumci |1j. 1. M. Mascis augmcncd his con-
ccp wih hc inioducion of infoimaion and coniol
clcmcns. Hc sacd ha logisics is hc cniicy of an
aciviy dcaling wih a iaw maciial movcmcn, includ-
ing infoimaion and coniol syscms and cmbiacing
all hc iadiional funcions which sai wih iaw ma-
ciial supply and cnd wih hc dclivciy of a final piod-
uc o hc dcsinaion |2j. Thc classical conccp of lo-
gisics in Scandinavia is considcicd o bc inciplay of
modclling, oiganizaion, cooidinaion, managcmcn
and coniol aciviics, including hc movcmcn of ma-
ciial sicams, which sai fiom hc souicc of iaw ma-
ciial and go hiough hc manufacuiing complcx, cnd-
ing wih hc cnd consumci |3, 4j. R. Palsaiis suggcscd
hc following dcfiniion of logisics. Accoiding o him
logisics is hc coniol of icsouicc flows in hc chain
of supply as wcll as hc managcmcn of hc ianspoi-
aion and soiagc aicas and all hc ficlds iclacd o
107
hcm bcwccn manufacuic and consumpion |57j.
3. The concept of a centre
Thcsc dcfiniions aic givcn by hc Wcbsci`s Ncw
Woild dicionaiy |8j:
Ccnic an incisccion poin of lincs, vcc-
ois, foiccs.
Ccnic hc middlc, hc mos impoian pai.
Ccnic hc placc whcic somching is con-
ccniacd, hc mos impoian poin.
Ccnic hc poin aiound which anyhing
icvolvcs.
Ccnic a placc a which an aciviy oi com-
plcx of aciviics is caiiicd on.
Ccnic a placc fiom which idcas, influcnccs,
cc. cmanacs.
Ccnic a placc o which many pcoplc aic
aiaccd.
Ccnic hc appioximac middlc poin, placc
oi pai of anyhing.
Ccnic a coniol oi managcmcn body.
Scvcial dcfiniions of 'nodcs` wcic also givcn in
hc dicionaiy; hcy sac ha a nodc is a poin of con-
ccniaion as wcll as a ccnial poin.
Chambcis Scicncc and Tcchnology dicionaiy
givcs hc following dcfiniion of a ccnic: hc poin
hiough which all diamccis pass |9j.
Thc conccp of a ccnic piovidcd in dicionaiics
is a divcisc onc. Thcicfoic, hc cxplanaion of is scpa-
iac mcanings is vciy complicacd and confusing;
hough hc piimaiy poin of a ccnic is ha i is an
ob|cc in which a cciain aciviy is conccniacd.
4. The concepts of logistics centres
Afci hc picscning hc scpaiac clcmcns of hc
'logisics ccnic` conccp, i.c. 'Logisics` and 'Ccnic`,
hc incipicaions can bc analyscd applying a com-
mon conccp of logisics ccnic (Iig 1).
Acnion should bc paid o hc fac ha hcic is a
wofold appioach o hc conccp of Logisics ccnic;
somc of hc auhois in hcii scicnific woiks cnd o
hink ha a logisics ccnic is a gcnciaoi of busincss;
ohcis iclac i o hc ianspoiaion infiasiucuic.
4.1. A logistics centre as a part of the transpor-
tation infrastructure
Tsamboulas, D. A. in his woik icfciicd o a lo-
gisics ccnic as an 'incgiaoi` of vaiious ianspoi
modcs, ablc o piomoc incimodal ianspoi. Hc
also idcnificd logisics ccnics wih an incimodal
ciminal, which is hc piincipal componcn of hc
incimodal ianspoi chain, consiuing hc nodc
whcic hc iansshipmcn of goods fiom onc modc o
hc ohci akcs placc |1O11j.
Konings, 1.W. agiccd wih his idca. Hc sicsscd
ha hc oiganisaion of logisics ccnics is inciic-
lacd o hc incimodal ianspoi chain siucuic, and
cspccially o hc ypcs of maikcs scivcd, as wcll as
hc ianspoi modcs and icspccivc volumcs. !n his
woik his auhoi cmphasiscd ha a logisics ccnic
isa pai of an incgiacd ianspoi chain ha hc ship-
pci (cusomci of hc Iicigh villagc) dcvclops and op-
ciacs and as such i compiiscs ciminals and iail/
baigc/maiiimc ianspoi scgmcns as wcll as hc ini-
ial and final scgmcns donc in mos (if no all) cascs
by ioad ianspoi |12j.
I\ROPLATIORM (Iuiopcan Associaion of
Iicigh \illagcs), i.c. hc Iuiopcan Associaion of
Iicigh \illagcs dcfincd a logisics ccnic as an aica
wihin which all aciviics iclaing o ianspoi, logis-
ics and hc disiibuion of goods, boh foi naional
and incinaional iansi, aic caiiicd ou by vaiious
opciaois.
Biczmann, K. H. and Wcnskc, Ch. dcsciibcd a
Logisics ccnic as a ficigh villagc bcing a spccific
gioup of ianspoi and waichousing ccnics |13j.
Kizyzanowski, M. suggcscd hc following dcfi-
niion of a logisics ccnic: a logisics ccnic is icpic-
scning hc mulimodal ciminals, opciacs significan
caigo sicams giving acccss foi a widc vaiicy of ians-
poi unis, scivicing icgional, domcsic and incina-
ional maikcs |14, 15j. Thc auhoi disinguishcd
hcsc main funcions of a logisics ccnic: ianspoi,
handling, soiagc, soiing, labclling cc.
Piokofvc|a, A. T. sacs ha a Logisics ccnic is
hc main syscmaic clcmcn of icgional and incina-
ional maciologisic syscms |oining hc wholc movc-
mcn of caigo sicams by a logisics chain, saiing
wih hc caigo shippci and cnding wih hc dclivciy
iccipicn. Also, hc auhoi pciccivcd i as a conac
poin of diffcicn ianspoiaion ypcs whcic hc dis-
iibuion of caigo sicams is conccniacd and pci-
foimcd |16j.
Apa|cv, !. \. idcnificd a logisics ccnic as a
mulifuncional ciminal, hc main woik of which is
iclacd o hc piovision of soiagc and ianspoiaion-
cxpcdiionaiy sciviccs gioundcd by unicd
oiganisaional-cconomic, financial, infoimaional and
|uiidical supply |17j.
.EC An approach to the concept oI Logistics centre
I Mc|du/c / TRANSPORT - 2005, !o/ XX, No 3, 106-110
108
Thcic aic ohci opinions as wcll, c.g. Scigc|cv,
\. !. did no piovidc any dcfiniion of logisics ccn-
ics, bu indicacd onc of hc possiblc ob|ccivcs of
hc csablishmcn of a logisics ccnic. Hc ncihci
sacd ha a logisics ccnic is an clcmcn of hc ians-
poiaion infiasiucuic, noi dcnicd his sacmcn.
So, hc ob|ccivc of a logisics ccnic as foimulacd
by Scigc|cv is o foim an cffccivc monioiing, ana-
lyical and managcmcnal syscm |18j foi icgional
ianspoiaional-logisical maikc sciviccs which
would sccuic ncccssaiy ianspoiaion-cxpcdiionaiy
and caigo soiagc and disiibuion sciviccs foi hc
cusomci and answci hc woild sandaids boh on a
manufacuic-cchnological and complcx logisical sci-
vicc lcvcl.
Table 1. !ncgial idcas suppoiing hc vicwpoin ha a
logisics ccnic is a pai of hc ianspoiaion infiasiuc-
uic, biicf dcfiniions accoiding o auhois:
Tsamboulas, D.A.
Lais|ics cea|re ~ aa ia|era|ar aj rariaas |raaspar-
|a|iaa |;pes, s|ima|a|ia ia|ermada| |raaspar|a|iaa
Konings, J.W.
Lais|ics cea|re ~ aa e|emea| aj |he ia|ermada| |raas-
par|a|iaa chaia
Earapeaa Assacia|iaa aj Freih| Ii||ae
Lais|ics cea|re ~ a |erri|ar; ahere ac|iri|ies re|a|ed
|a |raaspar|a|iaa, |ais|ics aad pradac| dis|riba|iaa
caacea|ra|e
Krzyzanouski, M.
Lais|ics cea|re ~ a ma||imada| |ermiaa|, |he ac|ir-
i|; aj ahich dea|s ai|h cara |raaspar|a|iaa, pracessia,
sar|ia, s|arae, e|c.
Prokofveja, A.T.
Lais|ics cea|re ~ a caa|ac| paia| aj rariaas |raas-
par|a|iaa |;pes ahere |he dis|riba|iaa aj cara s|reams is
caacea|ra|ed aad perjarmed
Apatjev, I.V.
Lais|ics cea|re ~ a ma||ijaac|iaaa| |ermiaa|, |he
maia aark aj ahich is a prarisiaa aj cara s|arae aad
|raaspar|a|iaaa|-expedi|iaaar; serrices
Sakalys, A. in his woik sacd ha logisics ccn-
ics havc o coiicspond o hc conccp of an opcn
incimodal ccnic. Moicovci, hc disinguishcd hc
main cvaluaion facois and ciiciia of modcin logis-
ics ccnics, which influcncc hc cfficicncy of hcm
|19j.
All hc auhois analyscd cmphasiscd in hcii
woiks ha a logisics ccnic is a pai of hc ianspoi-
aion infiasiucuic which is dcsigncd o dcvclop a
ianspoiaion aciviy (Tablc 1). As i was mcnioncd
abovc, his is no hc only vicwpoin on hc puiposc
of a logisics ccnic, i can also bc incipiccd as a
gcnciaoi of busincss.
4.2. A Logistics centre as a generator of busi-
ness
Duiing hc analysis of dcfiniions of logisics ccn-
ics hc cndcncy was noiccd ha in 1apan, Singapoic,
China and hc \SA as wcll as in somc Iuiopcan coun-
iics logisics ccnics aic incipiccd no only as a pai
of hc ianspoiaion infiasiucuic, bu also as gcn-
ciaois of busincss. Duiing hc icscaich i was no-
iccd ha in hc aciviy of cciain logisics ccnics
ianspoiaion sciviccs aic no cmphasiscd as hc main
sphcic of hc logisics ccnic aciviy, bu hcy aic pci-
ccivcd as a mcasuic o cicac and sccuic bcncficial
busincss condiions (Tablc 2).
Table 2. !ncgial idcas suppoiing hc vicwpoin ha a
logisics ccnic is a gcnciaoi of busincss, biicf dcfini-
ions accoiding o hc auhois:
Goldfogel, J.
Lais|ics cea|re ~ aa impa|se jar |he dere|apmea| aj
basiaess aad search jar aea sa|a|iaas
Manhattan association
Lais|ics cea|re ~ aae aj |he meaas jar saccessja|
dere|apmea| aj ia|era|ed |ais|ics serrices
Mizushima Port International Logistics Center Co.
Ltd
Parpase aj |he Lais|ics cea|re ~ |a s|ima|a|e ia|er-
aa|iaaa| |rade aad ecaaamic raa|h ia |ha| reiaa
Palsaitis, R.
Lais|ics cea|re ~ a p|ace aj |ais|ics serrices prari-
siaa ar |ais|ics ac|iri|ies caacea|ra|iaa p|ace, |hraah
ahich |are campaaies rea|ize basiaess serrice |asks aj
|heir cas|amers
1. Goldfogcl, hc picsidcn of onc of hc laigcs
and oldcs \S logisics companics ACMI D!STR!-
B\T!ON, which saicd is aciviy in 1947, dcfincd a
logisics ccnic as a mcasuic which piovidcs an im-
pulsc foi busincss and is fuihci dcvclopmcn, sincc
no all companics aic ablc in a shoi pciiod of imc o
obain and masci hc ncwcs cchnologics, c.g. sof-
waic piogiammcs foi hc coniol of dcpos, caigo
aiiangcmcn, soiing, accouning, cc. Accoiding o
1. Goldfogcl, logisics ccnics can guaiancc his foi
cusomcis (consumcis of sciviccs of logisics ccnics),
sincc hc idca of logisics ccnics is o guaiancc bcn-
cficial and compciivc condiions foi hc companics
bclonging o i.
I Mc|du/c / TRANSPORT - 2005, !o/ XX, No 3, 106-110
109
Manhaan Associaion, which is wcll known in
hc \S, unifics 16 companics which piovidc logisics
sciviccs in 11 couniics. Thcy dcfincd a logisics ccn-
ic as a ccnic which gians an oppoiuniy o simu-
lac incgiacd logisics sciviccs. Ongoing busincss
globalisaion, hc appcaiancc of uncxpcccd consumci
nccds and inconsiscncics in hc ianspoiaion mai-
kc (incicasc/dcclinc of hc dcmand of ianspoiaion
sciviccs) cnablc incgiacd logisics sciviccs piovidcd
in hc logisics ccnic, o sccuic busincss coninuiy
and piovidc an oppoiuniy o opimizc hc supply
syscm accoiding o nccds and simulac a compci-
ivc advanagc.
! is no only in hc \S ha logisics ccnics aic
dcfincd as mcasuics o simulac busincss. Thc vicw-
poin in 1apan is similai. Onc of hc cxamplcs is
Mizushima Poi !ncinaional Logisics Ccnci Co.
Ld., hc puiposc of which is o simulac incinaional
busincss as wcll as cconomic giowh in ha icgion.
Analysing hc Taiwancsc Naional Dcvclopmcn
Plan Challcnging 2OO8 |2Oj, acnion was paid o
hc fac ha logisics ccnics aic buil on hc ciiioiy
whcic no only naional companics dcvclop hcii ac-
iviics, bu foicign companics as wcll, such as hosc
of Holland, Gcimany, 1apan and hc \SA. Ioi his
icason logisics ccnics of Taiwan aic usually cquacd
o hc aciviy of mulinaional companics, sincc hc
local maikc appcais o bc of a low cconomic lcvcl,
whcicas in hc logisics ccnic companics of hc cco-
nomically siongcs couniics aic conccniacd. Thc
paiicipaion of hcsc companics cnlaigcs hc com-
pciivc abiliy of Taiwancsc logisics ccnics and cn-
ablcs hcii incgiaion ino global chains of supply.
Palsaiis, R. sacs ha logisics ccnics fiom a
busincss poin of vicw aic wcll-sudicd soluions which
allow hc icducion of hc numbci of dcpos in hc
ciy, couniy/icgion, as wcll as piovidc ianspoiaion
sciviccs closci o manufacuiing ccnics and supci-
maikcs |5, 21j.
Ohci cxamplcs cxis as wcll, which piovc ha lo-
gisics ccnics gcnciac busincss. Pcicnnial cxpciicncc
of hc aciviy of logisics ccnics shows ha Logisics
ccnics no only sccuic hc dcvclopmcn of busincss,
bu also havc an cconomic cffcc on hc icgion whcic
hcy aic csablishcd. This is piovcn by hc spccium of
sciviccs piovidcd in logisics ccnics (Iig 2).
Thc cconomic cffcc can bc manifcscd diffci-
cnly, c.g. by hc incicasc in caigo sicams, busincss
simulaion, hc cicaion of ncw woik placcs, cc.
Ioi hc implcmcnaion of hc piovision of hc
sciviccs abovc buildings wih spccific puiposcs havc o
bc buil wihin hc ciiioiy of a logisics ccnic (Iig 3).
!n summaiy i can bc said ha suppoicis of boh
vicwpoins aic paily iigh sincc a logisics ccnic com-
bincs a lo of diffcicn ypcs of aciviy and sccuics an
cfficicn busincss funcion.
.EC . Spectrum oI services provided in logistics centres
.EC ! Buildings oI a logistics centre
I Mc|du/c / TRANSPORT - 2005, !o/ XX, No 3, 106-110
110
5. Conclusions
1. Thc appcaiancc of logisics ccnics was simu-
lacd by hc globalisaion of busincss pioccsscs, hc
scaich foi ncw busincss soluions and
incicollaboiaion possibiliics.
2. Afci analysing logisics ccnics i appcaicd
ha hcic is no clcai vicwpoin on a singlc dcfiniion
of hc 'Logisics ccnic`.
3. Thc icsuls of hc analysis show ha wo vicw-
poins occui, i.c. logisics ccnic as a pai of hc ians-
poiaion infiasiucuic (his sacmcn is moic
favouicd in Iuiopc and Ccnial Asia) and a logisics
ccnic as a gcnciaoi of busincss (his sacmcn is
favouicd by hc \S and Asian scicniss as wcll as
busincss icpicscnaivcs).
4. Summing-up, i can bc said ha hc dccision
o csablish a logisics ccnic should kccp in mind
many facois, such as hc iigh locaion, a cuiicn in-
fiasiucuic lcvcl in hc icgion, bcncficial and com-
pciivc condiions foi busincss sccuiing busincss dc-
vclopmcn and hc cconomic cffcc in hc icgion.
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