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Abstract

This study examines issues arising from the popular social use of the cell phone. Data were
collected in one of the worlds leaders in adopting the telephone, Hong Kong. Findings of a
general survey show that the use of cell phones has gained tremendous social popularity.
Cell phones extend the traditional wired telephony and replaced paging services. Second,
improper uses of the cell phone in public places are on the rise. Complaints of respondents
focus on the loud talk, the ringing, and the widespread discourteous uses that blur the
boundary between public and private behaviors. Third, self-discipline is the favored
solution; and the government should formulate public policies regarding the improper use
of the cell phone.
Abstract
Problem: The prevalence of automobile drivers talking on cell phones is growing, but the
effect of that behavior on driving performance is unclear. Also unclear is the relationship
between the difficulty level of a phone conversation and the resulting distraction. Method:
This study used a driving simulator to determine the effect that easy and difficult cell phone
conversations have on driving performance. Results:Cell phone use caused participants to
have higher variation in accelerator pedal position, drive more slowly with more variation
in speed, and report a higher level of workload regardless of conversation difficulty level.
Conclusions: Drivers may cope with the additional stress of phone conversations by
enduring higher workloads or setting reduced performance goals. Impact on Industry:
Because an increasing number of people talk on the phone while driving, crashes caused by
distracted drivers using cell phones will cause disruptions in business, as well as injury,
disability, and permanent loss of personnel.
his research examined the effects of hands-free cell phone conversations on simulated driving.
The authors found that these conversations impaired driver's reactions to vehicles braking in
front of them. The authors assessed whether this impairment could be attributed to a
withdrawal of attention from the visual scene, yielding a form of inattention blindness. Cell
phone conversations impaired explicit recognition memory for roadside billboards. Eye-
tracking data indicated that this was due to reduced attention to foveal information. This
interpretation was bolstered by data showing that cell phone conversations impaired implicit
perceptual memory for items presented at fixation. The data suggest that the impairment of
driving performance produced by cell phone conversations is mediated, at least in part, by
reduced attention to visual inputs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights
reserved)
Abstract
Objective. The research literature on drivers' use of cell phones was reviewed to identify
trends in drivers' phone use and to determine the state of knowledge about the safety
consequences of such use.

Methods. Approximately 125 studies were reviewed with regard to the research questions,
type and rigor of the methods, and findings. Reviewed studies included surveys of drivers,
experiments, naturalistic studies (continuous recording of everyday driving by drivers in
instrumented vehicles), studies of crash risk, and evaluations of laws limiting drivers' phone
use.

Results. Observational surveys indicate drivers commonly use cell phones and that such
use is increasing. Drivers report they usually use hand-held phones. Experimental studies
have found that simulated or instrumented driving tasks, or driving while being observed,
are compromised by tasks intended to replicate phone conversations, whether using hand-
held or hands-free phones, and may be further compromised by the physical distraction of
handling phones. Effects of phone use on driving performance when drivers are in their
own vehicles are unknown. With representative samples of adequate size, naturalistic
studies in the future may provide the means to document the patterns and circumstances of
drivers' phone use and their effects on real-world driving. Currently, the best studies of
crash risk used cell phone company billing records to verify phone use by crash-involved
drivers. Two such studies found a fourfold increase in the risk of a property-damage-only
crash and the risk of an injury crash associated with phone use; increased risk was similar
for males and females, younger and older drivers, and hands-free and hand-held phones. A
number of jurisdictions in the United States and around the world have made it illegal for
drivers to use hand-held phones. Studies of these laws show only limited compliance and
unclear effects on safety.

Conclusions. Even if total compliance with bans on drivers' hand-held cell phone use can
be achieved, crash risk will remain to the extent that drivers continue to use or switch to
hands-free phones. Although the enactment of laws limiting drivers' use of all phones is
consistent with research findings, it is unclear how such laws could be enforced. At least in
the short term, it appears that drivers' phone use will continue to increase, despite the
growing evidence of the risk it creates. More effective countermeasures are needed but are
not known at this time.


but there is limited data on the possible effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure on
brain physiology.
Our findings do not indicate an increased risk of acoustic neuroma related to short-term
mobile phone use after a short latency period. However, our data suggest an increased risk
of acoustic neuroma associated with mobile phone use of at least 10 years' duration.
The conclusion is clear: we know a little bit about possible harmful effects of cell phone
radiation on humans, but theres a lot more we need to know. In the meantime, its important
to be prudent about cell phone use.
cell phones emit an electromagnetic field, which is a form of microwave radiation, that enters
the brain when the cell phone is held against the ear, and theres good research showing that
the field does affect brain function.
Although research has not shown that short term cell phone use causes cancer, a large
population study has shown that people who use cell phones for more than ten years on the
same side of the head have a 40% higher risk of certain types of brain tumors.
Cellphone radiation consists of electromagnetic waves which are measured in two
components, the electric field and the magnetic field.
Cell phone radiation falls into the microwave range and as such it generates heat. The human
brain is very sensitive to heat

Today I would like to talk to you about the field of health care known as physical therapy. My
name is Sharon Granville, and this area is very familiar to me as I am a practicing physical
therapist here in Austin, Texas. This report is mainly for prospective physical therapy patients
with minor to moderate bone, joint, or muscle injuries, also called musculoskeletal injuries,
who may be looking for an alternative to surgery, medication, or other forms of health care. I
will first attempt to give you some background on the field and some current information
about physical therapy. I will then highlight some of the important and interesting parts of my
recent report, Physical Therapy: A Guide for Prospective Patients. I will try to give you an idea
of the treatment involved with therapy, along with some benefits and disadvantages of
therapy. I hope that after this report, you will have enough information to decide if physical
therapy is the right course of treatment for your illness or injury.
Good afternoon class, my name is Eliu Mejia. Im going to talk to you about cell phones
dangers. Its a fact that the use of cell phones has gained tremendous social popularity, but
its unclear if they are dangerous. There are several researches that have found two dangers
about cell phones. The former is related with their improper use and the later with the
electromagnetic radiation they emit.
The improper use of cell phones is

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