Bonfring International Journal of Networking Technologies and Applications, Vol. 1, No.

2, December 2012 1
ISSN 2279-0152 | 2012 Bonfring
Abstract---The usage of small and low-cost sensor nodes
with the ability of sensing differentkinds of physical and
ecological conditions and wireless communication is the
unique feature of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). A number
of sensing abilitiesof WSN are used inseveral number of
application areas. However, the distinctiveness of
WSNnecessitates more efficient methods for data promoting
and processing.As a result, novel techniques for data routing
have become an active area for research as the energy
available for sensors is limited. In order to improve the
overall performance of WSN, it is necessary to distribute the
energy dissipated throughout the WSN. Moreover, that data
storage has become an active area of research in WSN as the
gathered data required to be stored for future information
retrieval. This paper concentrates on analyzing the existing
techniques of WSN for data storage and energy efficiency in
sensor nodes.
Keywords---Wireless sensor network, Routing Protocol,
Energy Efficiency

I. INTRODUCTION
SN is a set of hundreds or thousands of micro sensor
nodes that have capabilities of sensing, establishing
wireless communication between each other and doing
computational and processing operations [1]. Wireless sensor
networks can be applied in various domains due to unique
characteristic features [2].
Most of the sensor network applications that are concerned
to persistentcomputing create a huge data continuously over
extended period of time. It is the frequent that the huge
volume of data has to be gatheredin some area for future
retrieval and data examination. One of the biggest challenges
in these applications is how to store and search the collected
data.
Since the sensors operate on the battery power, it is very
important to make efficient use of energy of sensors to
increase the lifetime of the network. Most of the energy of
sensors is spent for transmission of the data packets generated
by that sensor or relaying the packets of the other sensors, so
finding optimal transmission paths from each sensor to the

V. Saravanakumar, Student, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.

DOI: 10.9756/BIJNTA.10093

destination is a very important task.
A sensor is required to function for long time depending
on a small battery. Thus, the energy efficiencyhas to be
optimized for all sensor operations. This would necessitate the
development of novel energy efficient communication
protocols that would need low-complexity processing and
transmission power. The computational complexity
ofcommunication protocols has to be reduced as it minimizes
both hardware cost and energy consumption.
Data storage approach is vital in WSN [7] as an
insignificant data storage approach will reduceimportant
energy (particularly for certain sensor nodes) and minimize
the lifetime of all WSN. The proper data storagetechniquemust
be designed in such a way thatit should reduce the cost of data
storage and communication.
The existing WSNs available in the literature [4] gather the
sense data in sense node itself, or moved to the sink node for
storage. It is very simple to createcertain nodes run out of
energy prematurely, which results in failure of the
wholeWSN.
Thus the two main factors in deciding the performance of
the WSN namely, energy efficiency and data storage position
are thoroughly analyzed in this survey.
II. ENERGY ROUTING ISSUES IN WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORKS AND ITS PROTOCOLS
The structure of routing protocols for WSNs is a
challenging task because of some network constraints.WSNs
endure from the confines of several network resources, for
instance, energy, bandwidth, central processing unit, and
storage [3, 4].The design challenges in sensor networks
engage the subsequent main aspects [5].
Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy routing
protocol is introduced in [6]. The main disadvantage of
routing protocols is energy consumption.The majority of the
energy isused by the nodes throughout the transmission.To
overcome the problems of the energy consumption introducing
the novel concept called LEACH protocol. It utilizes the
residual energy of the cluster head which is used to recover the
efficiency of routing. It is also used to limit redundancy.
Multicast is widely used in routing service in wireless
sensor networks, because it is used for activities such as code
updates, task transfer and targeted queries etc.Because of the
partial energy accessibility in nodes, the efficient multicasting
is required in networks.Hierarchical Geographic multicast
A Survey Based on Energy Efficient Routing
Proyocol and the Data Storage Position in
Wireless Sensor Network
V. Saravanakumar
W
Bonfring International Journal of Networking Technologies and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 2, December 2012 2
ISSN 2279-0152 | 2012 Bonfring
routing (HGMR) [9] is used to prevail over this difficulty. The
combination of GMR (Geographic Multicasting routing) and
HRPM are used to produce HGMR.If the group size increases
means that, the number of communication is approximate to
GMR also encoding is close to HRPM in HGMR.
Two-Phase geographic Greedy Forwarding (TPGF)
routing algorithmis studied in [10].The multimedia
transmission and uniqueness of wireless multimedia sensor
network is a majorrequirement of TPFG. TPGF chains three
features hole-bypassing,the shortest path transmission, and
multipath transmission. Itdoes not admit the face routing to
bypass holes.
In WSN the novel routing schemes is proposed is called
Energy-efficient Beaconless Geographic Routing (EBGR)
[11].It is primarily used for energy proficient sensor to sink
routing which is a low cost communication, completely
stateless and loop at no cost. It is the mixture of geographic
routing and power aware routing.EBGR is an energy efficient
routing protocol for lossy sensor networks to deal with
unpredictabletransmissionrelations.It usessmaller amount
energy than routing protocol based on neighborhood in
extremely dynamic scenarios.
The new energy efficient routing protocol based on
support learning QELAR is called adaptive, energy-efficient
routing protocol [12].It is generally used to deal outwith the
residual energy of nodes efficiently and it is used mostly for
water resources sensor networks.The incentive function is
calculated using the residual energy of each nodes and energy
provider of group nodes, which supports for the selection of
packet forwarders.
The cross layered idea of inventiveness determination is
used to get a new routing protocol called Cross layer protocol
(XLP). It is mostly used in wireless sensor networks. The most
importantadvantage of XLP is fine congestion control, energy
efficient one and average access control in cross layered
approach.XLP is the primaryprotocol which designs the layers
of PHY to transport layer[13].
Energy-Balanced Routing Protocol (EBRP) [14]is an
efficient technique described in this paper.To reduce the
energy consumption, the majority of the existing protocols
selects the route with minimum energy route to forward the
packets, as a result of this network gets divider and causes the
unbalanced sharing of residual energy in nodes. To prevail
over this problem the heuristic protocol is called EBRP. It
selects the route which is dense energy area and forwards the
packets by forcing it. The improved mechanism is used here to
keep away from loop problems in basic algorithm.
Energy-Efficient Wake-Up Scheduling [15]all along with
energy efficient protocols isintroduced forthe collection of
information from nodes andcommunication of data throughout
nodes to the base station is proposed.The main task in this
process is to reduce the energy consumption. The scheduling
concept is used here toreduce the energy consumption and it
uses TDMA as MAC layer protocol.
Robust and energy efficient multipathrouting protocol
(REER) is introduced by the author in [16].In WSN,
sometimes node failures arerepeatedlyhappened because of the
energy constraint, and the nodes are either removed or added
from networks. To overcome the node failures REER the
protocol are proposed. The main advantage of REER protocol
is it uses Signal to noise ratio, node buffer size, and remaining
energy to evaluate the next hop for transmitting the data. It is
transmitted through the multiple paths to enlarge the
probability.
III. DATA STORAGE POSITION IN WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORK
There has been a lot of previousinvestigation on data
querying models in sensor networks.In [17, 18, 19, 20], query
is spread to each sensor by flooding messages.Sensors
wouldreturn the data to the sink in the turnaround direction of
query messages. However those methods do not consider the
storage anxiety in sensor networks.LEACH [21] is a clustering
based routing protocol, in which cluster heads be common
with how to fuse the data collected from its nearby neighbors
to decreasetransmission cost to the sink.Though, LEACH aims
to reduce data transmission by aggregating data; it does not
address storage problem in wireless sensor networks.
A data-centric storage method [22] accumulatesthe data to
different places in wireless sensor networks associated to
various data types.In [23], the authors suggest a data-centric
storage scheme for wireless sensor networks, which come into
ideas from distributed hash table.The home site of a data is
attained by applying a hash function on the data
type.Therefore, queries for the identical type of data can be
contented by contacting a small number of nodes.GEM [24] is
an additional approach that supports data-centric
storage.Generally, the data-centric storage schemes
presuppose some kindconcerning the collected data and store
them remotely for easy data access.Additional cost is needed
to forward data to the analogous keeper nodes.The author said
that they do not assume any previous knowledge about the
data:indeed in many applications, raw data may not be
easilyclassified into different types. To pass on the
collecteddata to a remote location is also considered costly
because the total collected data may be in a verylarge
quantity.To facilitate data query, Ganesan et al. [25]propose a
multi-resolution data storage system, dimensions, where data
are stored in a humiliatinglossymodel that is thenew data are
stored completely while long-term dataare stored
lossily.Dimensions employ wavelets to get temporal-spatial
summarizations in a hierarchical structure,which helps to
place a subset of sensor nodes for range queries.Its
performance is a great dealdependent on the data
correlationsincedue to data summarization approach.
PRESTO [26] is a current research works on data storage
structural design for sensor networks.A proxy tieris set up
between sensor nodes and the terminals of the user.Proxy
nodes can cache preceding query responses.When aquery
arrives in a proxy node, it checksinitially the cacheddata can
satisfy the query before forwarding the query toother nodes. It
is a general storage design that does not obtainthe
characteristics of data generation or query into an account.
Bonfring International Journal of Networking Technologies and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 2, December 2012 3
ISSN 2279-0152 | 2012 Bonfring
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have surveyed a sample of routing
protocols by taking into account several organizationcriterion,
including location information, network layering and in-
network processing, data centricity, path redundancy, network
dynamics, QoS requirements, and network heterogeneity. For
each category, we have discussed a few example protocols.
Energy-Balanced Routing Protocol (EBRP) is proposed in
this paper is more efficient to minimize the energy
consumption.For the data storage position in the wireless
sensor network can uses the optimal algorithm with dynamic
programming to overcome all the problems that occur.
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