ABB Substation Condition Monitoring Schedule

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION
MONITORING
Page 1 of 16
Department: Prepared: Reviewed: Status: Date: Language: Revision:
PSST&DSS AG NJ Draft 0!0"!#" e$ NIL

GUIDELINES FOR SUBSTATION
SERVICE INSPECTION &
CONDITION MONITORING
PSS T & D SUBSTATION QUALITY MANAGEMENT
ABB LTD.

MONITORING
Page # of 16

1) INTRODUCTION
This guideline is prepared in view of the requirements for switchyard service
inspection (visual) and condition based maintenance of substation
equipments, structures and other miscellaneous items in substations. These
guidelines are necessarily general. It is recommended to carry out
maintenance of equipment as per manual supplied by manufacturer. All
inspections and test procedures should also be performed in accordance with
applicable codes and standards.
The aim of this guideline is to provide in general visual inspection check
points for the structures, grounding systems, T switchboards, etc. for which
as such there is no readymade guidelines available. Also to provide the
visual inspection and condition based maintenance of !a"or equipments like
Transformer, #ircuit breakers, #Ts, #$Ts, %Ts, &isconnectors and As etc. to
verify the health of the equipments.
'ervice visual inspection is the necessary activity to identify any visible
abnormality or failure and require to be performed at specified interval.
(hereas condition based monitoring checks (on line) off line) are necessary
to identify internal defects or abnormality, so that necessary preventive
action can be taken up.
2) SERVICE INSPECTION & CONDITION MONITORING
GUIDELINE
The substation in total and the individual items of equipment contained
therein should be periodically inspected. *inoculars should be used to view
buses and other equipment located on structures.

MONITORING
Page % of 16

Paintin an! Ga"#ani$in %A&&"i'a(") t* a"" )+,i&-)nt. an! ./.t)-.)
&epending on geographical location, local environmental condition, periodic
inspection of painting and galvani+ing condition of structures, panels,
equipments etc. is required. Inspect for paint condition, damage paint,
chalking effect, rusting etc. If any damage observed, do necessary repaint or
repair work.
G0*,n!in S/.t)-
#heck for loose connections of all ground connections at equipments,
structures, panels, other equipments etc. #heck for any sparking marks at
termination or "oint. ,bserve the condition of any fle-ible braid type
connections for damage. Tighten the connections, clean the "oints and
replaced if found damage. .arth pits should be kept wet so as to have low
resistance. !easure overall ground grid resistance. The $alue obtained
should be comparable with initially measured values or designed values.
St0,'t,0)
Inspect all the structures for loose or missing bolts or nuts. ,bserve any
damage paint) galvani+ing or signs of corrosion. Inspect for deterioration,
bending, buckling and cracking.
Ci#i" 1*023F*,n!ati*n an! C*nt0*" R**-
Inspect for sings of settlement, cracks, spalling, honeycombing, e-posed
reinforcing steel, and anchor bolt corrosion. #heck for break) missed cable
trench cover. Inspect for any crack) leakages in control room and water
tank. #heck for proper functioning of sump pump and drainage system.

MONITORING
Page & of 16

B,.). an! S4i)"! 1i0)
Inspect for loose clamps or connections. Inspect for bending of Alu/tube
bending. ,bserve the condition of fle-ible buses and shield wires for any
damages.
P*0')"ain In.,"at*0. an! B,.4in. %F*0 B,. &*.t 5 S,.&)n.i*n 5
Ci0',it (0)a2)0 5 CT 5 CVT 5 PT & T0an.6*0-)0 (,.4in.)
Inspect all insulators and equipment bushings for chipped petticoats and
fractured or cracked porcelain. 0lashover in the past may have damaged a
portion of the gla+ing on the porcelain. !ake this inspection at close range.
1eplaced damage bushings. 1emove dust and dirt from porcelain insulators
with suitable methods.
Ca(")
Inspect e-posed sections of cable for physical damage. Inspect the insulation
or "acket for signs of deterioration. #heck for loose connections, lugs,
tightness, cracking of lugs etc. Inspect shield grounding (where applicable),
cable support and termination. #heck for any sparking marks at termination
or "oint. #lean sparking marks if any and make proper "oint with proper
tightening and lugging.
LT Ca(") & M)ta" '"a! .1it'4)a0 %C*nt0*"3M)t)0in7 R)"a/ &an)"7
O,t!**0 an! in!**0 &an)")
.-amine meters, relays and instruments e-ternally to check for loose
connections and damage to cases and covers. #heck whether the
instruments are reading or registering. #heck the functioning of annunciator
panels. Inspect for damage to enclosures, doors, latching mechanisms, locks
etc. #heck out for burned/out lamps.

MONITORING
Page " of 16

Batt)0/ an! (att)0/ '4a0)0
*atteries2
#heck for any physical damage, loose connections. #heck for low level or low
specific gravity of the electrolyte. 1ecord the electrolyte temperature. $erify
vent cap and flame arresters are in place. #heck electrolyte appearance.
#heck working of e-haust fan.
1acks2
#heck for cleaning and corrosion.
*attery charger2
,bserve temperature (by touch). If temperature is found high, check and
attend the reason for the same. #heck the charging current and voltage.
,bserve the ground detector lamps for an indication of an undesirable
ground on the dc system.
C*-&0)..*0
#heck for leakage of air. #heck air pressure and ,il level.
S,(.tati*n a0)a3 G)n)0a"
$erify the e-istence of appropriate danger and informational warning
signs. $erify whether they are missing or needs repainting.
#heck for rusting of fasteners
#heck for any hotspots at conductor) equipment) stringing
termination.
#heck for indoor and outdoor lighting systems for burned/out lamps or
other component failures
$erify that there is adequate supply of spares
Inspect the fire protection system

MONITORING
Page 6 of 16

#heck for bird) animal nests or other foreign materials in the vicinity of
energi+ed equipment, buses or fans.
,bserve the general condition of the substation yard, overall
cleanliness
,bserve the position of all circuit breakers in the au-iliary power
system and verify the correctness of this position (indication on
breaker).
Inspect the area for weed growth, trash and unauthori+ed equipment
storage.
.nsure the fence fabric is intact and there is no rust.
.nsure the gate latches are operable
.nsure fle-ible braid/type connections are intact.
88888 . 88888 . 88888 . 888888. 888888

MONITORING
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1. TRANSFORMER
A) 'ervice Inspection 'chedule
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #hecking of oil leaks !
4 #hecking of oil level in main tank !
5 #hecking of bushing oil level !
6 #hecking of oil level in conservator !
7 #hecking of oil level in ,T# conservator !
8 #hecking of oil level in oil seal of breather !
9 #hecking of condition of silica gel in breather !
*) !aintenance 'chedule

S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #heck manual) auto actuation of cooler oil pumps and
fans
:
4 #leaning of all bushings :
5 1eplacement of damage) cracked bushings ','
6 Tightening of loose terminals ','
7 !aintenance of ,T# driving mechanism :
8 #hecking and cleaning of diverter contacts 4:
9 #hecking and calibration of ,TI , (TI 4:
; #hecking of all remote indications ((TI and Tap
position indicator) and top up oil in pockets, if required
:
< .lectrical checking) testing of pressure relief device,
*uchhol+ relay, ,T# surge relay) checking of alarm)
trip contacts
:
3= #hecking) replacements of gaskets of terminal bo- :
33 #hecking) testing of *uchhol+ relay by oil draining :
34 0iltration) degassing of main tank oil ','
35 0iltration) replacement of oil of ,T# ','
36 Testing of bushing #Ts Testing of bushing #Ts ','
37 #hecking tightness of earthing connections :
38 #hecking of alignment of horn gap :
39 #heck for damage paint condition and corrosion for
complete transformer with control cabinet
:

MONITORING
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3; !arshalling bo-
> (i) #leaning of marshalling bo-es of transformer and
,T#
:
> (ii) Tightening of terminations :
> (iii) #hecking of contactors, space heaters, illumination
etc.
:
3< .-ternal cleaning of radiators :
4= #heck tightness of all clamps and connectors :
#) #ondition !onitoring (#ondition based !aintenance)
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 &issolved ?as Analysis @ :
4 ,il physical and chemical tests @ :
5 Infrared scan 4:
6 Altrasonic %artial discharge 4:
7 'onic 0ault detection 4:
8 $ibration Analysis 4:
9 *&$, ppm of ,T# &iverter compartment oil (less
frequently if operations are not more)
:
; 0requency 1esponse Analysis ','
< # B Tan C measurement of bushings :
3= # B Tan C measurement of windings 4:
33 I1 measurement of windings (%olari+ation inde- and
&.A. 1atio)
4:
34 !easurement of winding resistance at all tap positions 6:
35 !easurement of winding ratio ','
36 1ecovery voltage measurement ','
37 &egree of polymeri+ation ','
38 #ore to ?round resistance ','
39 !agnetic *alance test ','
3; !agneti+ing current test ','
3< 0urfuradehyde analysis ','
2. CIRCUIT BREA9ERS %SF: & AIR BLAST)
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/

MONITORING
Page of 16

3 #heck for any gas) air leakage !
4 #heck for proper gas) air pressure !
5 #heck for any hot spots at any terminals !
6 #hecking of oil leaks from grading capacitors !
7 #hecking of air compressor for oil level, oil quality, air
filter, $/belt tension
D:
8 #heck for crack in insulators !
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #heck tightness of all clamps and connectors )
terminals
:
4 #heck for damage paint condition and corrosion :
5 1eplaced damaged bushings ','
6 #hecking of all interlocks :
7 #hecking of pressure settings :
8 #leaning of breaker interrupter, support insulators,
%I1s and grading capacitors
:
9 #hecking of #lose) trip coil currents :
; #hecking of healthiness of operation counter :
< #ontrol cabinet
(i) #hecking of tightness of all cable termination in !* :
(ii) #hecking of door sealing gaskets and replacement,
if necessary
:
(iii) 1epainting of metallic surfaces ','
(iv) #hecking of space heaters :
3= #hecking of tightness of foundation bolts :
33 !aintenance of air dryers in Air blast circuit breakers @ :
34 0unctional checking of auto starting of air compressors
and dryers
:
35 #hecking of air pressure drop during duty cycle
operation
:
36 ,verhauling of compressors ','
37 !aintenance of air dryer if provided @ :

MONITORING
Page 10 of
16

38 'pring operated mechanism
(i) ,il leakages from close and open dashpots, replace
the same if leakage observed
:
(ii) ?reasing) lubrication of gears and various latches
in the operating mechanism
:
(iii) #hecking of play of gaps in catch gears :
(iv) !aintenance of spring charging motors, cleaning
of carbon brushes and contactors
:
(v) 1eplacement of oil in dashpots ','
39 #hecking of pole discrepancy relay :
3; 0unctional checks, duty cycle operation including rapid
re/closing (,/=.5s/#,)
:
3< #hecking of air pressure drop during duty cycle
operation
A
4= #hecking of all operational lock/outs including '08
density monitor
:
43 #hecking tightness of earthing connections :
44 #leaning of au-iliary switch contacts with #T# :
45 #hecking of local ,E),00 indicating lamps in breaker,
if provided
:
46 #heck interlocking of isolators with breaker :
47 After maintenance trip the breaker through backup :
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #* operating timings (!ain, %I1, Au-.) :
4 'tatic contact resistance measurement 4:
5 &ynamic contact resistance measurement (&#1!),
contact travel, contact speed, contact wipe, arcing
contact length
4:
6 #apacitance and tan C measurement of grading
capacitors
6:
7 &ew point measurement of '08 gas 5:

MONITORING
Page 11 of 16

8 &ew point measurement of operating air at the outlet
of air dryer (for Air blast #*)
:
;. CURRENT TRANSFORMER
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #hecking of bellow e-pansion !
4 #hecking of oil leakage and crack in insulators etc. !
5 #T !arshalling bo-
/ #hecking of oil leakage in terminal bo- !
6 #heck corona effects !
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #hecking of oil leakage in terminal bo- :
4 #hecking of primary connection strips, if provided
e-ternally
:
5 E4 pressure checking 4:
6 #hecking of primary connection strips, if provided
internally
','
7 #hecking of burden on secondary winding ','
8 #T !arshalling bo-
/ #heck healthiness of gaskets :
/ #hecking of space heater and illumination :
/ #hecking the tightness of all connections including
earthing of %0 terminal
:
/ #leaning of marshalling bo- and "unction bo- :
9 #hecking for rusting and paints :
; #heck tightness of all clamps and connectors )
terminals
:
< #hecking tightness of earthing connections :
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/

MONITORING
Page 1# of
16

3 Thermovision scanning of #T :
4 !easurement of #apacitance and Tan C 4:>
5 I1 measurement (&A1) 4:
6 !easurement of #T secondary resistance ','
7 !agneti+ation characteristics ','
8 #T ratio test ','
9 &?A and testing of other parameters of oil ','
> To be repeated before one year from commissioning and then as per
schedule
<. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS5 CAPACITANCE VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMERS5 COUPLING CAPACITORS
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #hecking of bellow e-pansion !
4 #hecking of oil leakage and crack in insulators etc. !
5 !arshalling bo-
/ #hecking of oil leakage in terminal bo- !
6 #heck corona effects !
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #hecking of oil leakage in terminal bo- :
4 !easurement of voltage at control room panel @ :
5 $isual checking of earthing F0 point (in case it is not
being used for %##)
:
6 #hecking of any breakage or cracks in cementing "oint :
7 #leaning of #$T capacitor stacks and tightness of
terminal connections
:

MONITORING
Page 1% of
16

8 !arshalling bo-
/ #heck healthiness of gaskets :
/ #hecking of space heater and illumination :
/ #hecking the tightness of all connections including
earth connections
:
/ #leaning of marshalling bo- and "unction bo- :
9 #hecking for rusting and painting :
; #heck tightness of all clamps and connectors )
terminals
:
< #hecking tightness of earthing connections :
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 Thermovision scanning of #apacitor stacks :
4 !easurement of #apacitance and Tan C 5:>
5 Testing of .!A tank oil for *&$ (if oil found discolored) ','
> To be repeated before one year from commissioning and then as per
schedule. This test is not possible to be conducted at site if isolation of
neutral of intermediate %T is not possible at site.
=. DISCONNECTORS AND EART> S?ITC>ES
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #hecking of cracks in insulators :
4 ,bserve the condition of contact surfaces and the area
around them
D:
5 Inspect the ease of operating mechanism (if possible) D:
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #leaning and lubrication of main contacts, earthing
blades, pins and bearings
:
4 #hecking of tightness of bolts, nuts and pins, etc. :
5 #leaning of support insulators and checking of :

MONITORING
Page 1& of
16

insulator cracks, if any
6 #hecking of interlocks :
7 #hecking of earth connections of structure, !,! bo-
and earth switch
:
8 ,peration check of isolator and earth swithch :
9 #hecking of alignments of main contacts and earthing
blades
4:
; #hecking and lubrication of linkages including
transmission gears
:
< #hecking and tightening of stopper bolts :
3= #leaning of au-iliary switch contacts and greasing with
silicon grease
:
33 ubrication of operating mechanism hinges, lock "oints
on levers, bearings
:
34 #hecking of all mounting bolts for tightness :
35 #hecking of healthiness of door gaskets :
36 #hecking of tightness of electrical connections :
37 #hecking of spare heaters and illumination :
38 #hecking of aluminum) copper fle-ible connectors :
39 #hecking for rusting and paints :
3; #heck corona balls and rings for damage :
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 Thermovision scanning :
4 !ain contact resistance measurement 4:
5 .arthing contact resistance measurement 4:
:. SURGE ARRESTERS
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #hecking of cracks in insulators D:
4 #heck for pitted or blackened e-haust parts or other D:

MONITORING
Page 1" of
16

evidence of pressure relief
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 Testing of counters and leakage current meters :
4 #leaning of insulators :
5 #hecking of earth connections between surge arrester,
surge monitor and earth
:
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #hecking of leakage current (Third harmonic resistive
current)
:
4 !easurement of capacitance B Tan C of each stack ','
5 !easurement of I1 of each stack ','
@. ?AVE TRAPS
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 #heck for mechanical integrity of the main coil :
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 Tightness and #leaning of wave trap :
4 ?eneral inspection ) cleaning of tuning unit :
5 #leaning of post insulators (if provided) :
6 1epair of bird guard ','
S0.N*. D)tai". F0)+,)n'/
3 Thermovision scanning of "oints :
4 F0 characteristics of line trap :
5 !easurement of blocking impedance and blocking 4:

MONITORING
Page 16 of
16

resistance
!/ !onthly, D:/quarterly, :/yearly, 4:/once in 4 years, 5:/once in three
years, 6:/ once in 6 years, ','/as and when required.
;) CONCLUSION
The fundamental goal of inspection, maintenance and condition monitoring
of substation is to preserve the function or operation of a system.
'pecifically, the function that has to be preserved for electric substations is
the delivery of safe, reliable electric power to customers
<) BIBLIOGRAP>Y
3. !anual on .F$ 'ubstation .quipment maintenance
4. .%1I/ Inspection and !aintenance ?uidelines for &istribution substation
5. &esign ?uide for 1ural substations/A'&A

ABB Substation Condition Monitoring Schedule

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ABB Substation Condition Monitoring Schedule

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GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

GUIDELINE FOR SUBSTATIONS SERVICE INSPECTION AND CONDITION

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