‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻮل اﻟﺘﻤﺎرﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل )‪ 2.5‬ﻨﻘﻁﺔ(‬

‫‪HCOOH / HCOO - ; CH 3COOH / CH 3COO -‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻫﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﺎن اﻟﻨﺼﻔﯿﺘﺎن اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺘﺎن ﻟﮭﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫) ‪CH 3COOH ( aq ) = CH 3COO - ( aq ) + H + (aq‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫) ‪HCOOH ( aq ) = HCOO - ( aq ) + H + (aq‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻨﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﻙ ﺸﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻹﻴﺜﺎﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻔﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺘﻭﻨﻴﺘﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫½‬ ‫) ‪CH 3 COO (aq ) + HCOOH (aq ) = HCOO - (aq ) + CH 3COOH (aq‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ‪:‬‬

‫=‪K‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪Ka1 HCOOH / HCOO‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)‬ ‫=‬
‫‪10- pka1‬‬

‫¼‬ ‫(‬
‫‪Ka2 CH 3COOH / CH 3COO -‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪10- pka2‬‬
‫‪10-3,8‬‬
‫=‪K‬‬ ‫‪= 7,9‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪10-4,7‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪Qr ,i‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪[HCOO ]i × [CH 3 COOH ]i‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫¼‬ ‫‪[CH 3COO - ]i × [HCOOH ]i‬‬

‫‪æ 2,0 ´ 10 - 2‬‬ ‫‪ö æ 2,0 ´ 10 - 2‬‬ ‫‪ö‬‬
‫‪çç‬‬ ‫‪÷÷ × çç‬‬ ‫÷÷‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪Qr ,i‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪ø è‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪ø =1‬‬
‫‪æ 2,0 ´ 10 - 2‬‬ ‫‪ö æ 2,0 ´ 10 - 2‬‬ ‫‪ö‬‬
‫‪çç‬‬ ‫‪÷÷ × çç‬‬ ‫÷÷‬
‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪ø è‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬

‫¼‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪K‬‬ ‫‪ : Qr ,i < K .5‬ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻨﺤﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻴﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫¼‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﻴﺘﺸﻜل ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻹﻴﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﻙ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪3,5 ):‬ﻨﻘﻁﺔ(‬

‫‪.1‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻟﺩ‪:‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪u PA + u AB + u BM + u MP = 0‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪0 + u AB + R × i - E = 0 Þ u AB + R × i = E‬‬
‫‪dq‬‬ ‫‪du‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻥ‪i = A = C × AB :‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬ ‫‪dt‬‬
‫‪du‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ‪u AB + RC × AB = E :‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪dt‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ‪t = RC :‬‬
‫‪du‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪u AB + t × AB = E :‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬

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 ‫¼‬ ‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ‪ t = RC‬ﻴﻘﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺤﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻨﺎ ﻤﻘﺩ‪‬ﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻭﻟﻁ ﻜﺎﻟﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭﻡ ‪ ، U = R × I‬ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ‪. [R ] = [U ]× [I ]-1 :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪ ، i = C × du‬ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ‪. [C ] = [I ] × [T ]× [U ]-1 :‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬
‫] ‪[RC ] = [R] × [C ] = [T‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺠﺩﺍﺀ ‪ t = RC‬ﻟﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﻘﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫) ‪u AB = E (1 - e t‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪du AB‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪= 0+ ×e‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪×e‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ‪:‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪dt‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻀﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺠﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪æ E -t‬‬ ‫‪ö‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪t‬‬

‫‪t × çç × e t‬‬ ‫‪÷ + E - E ×e t = E‬‬

‫÷‬
‫‪èt‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‪ u AB = E (1 - e t ) :‬ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻀﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﺤل ﻟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪U A B (V‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪.3‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺱ‬
‫‪H‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﺏ‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪uH = E‬‬
‫‪tH = t = R × C‬‬

‫¼‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ ‪:‬‬

‫‪u H = 100V‬‬
‫‪t H = 5,0 ´ 10 -3 s‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪t = R ×C‬‬ ‫) ‪t (s‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪t‬‬

‫‪ .5‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ) ‪u AB = E (1 - e t‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﻤﺎ ‪u AB = 0 : t = 0‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﻤﺎ ‪u AB = 0,63E = 63V : t1 = t‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﻤﺎ ‪u AB = 0,993E = 99,3V : t 2 = 5t‬‬
‫½‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﻤﺎ ‪ u AB : t ® ¥‬ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻨﺤﻭ ‪. E = 100V‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺨﻼل ﺯﻤﻥ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺕ ‪ t = RC‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 63%‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺨﻼل ﺯﻤﻥ ‪ ، t = 5t‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺸﺤﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‪ 99%‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫¼‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ )‪ 4‬ﻨﻘﺎﻁ( ‪:‬‬

‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪æ‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬

‫‪ö‬‬
‫) ‪x(t ) = × (1 - e -at‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪v(t ) = 1,14 × 1 - e‬‬
‫‪ç‬‬ ‫÷ ‪0 ,132‬‬
‫‪.1‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺒﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪ç‬‬ ‫÷‬
‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫½‬ ‫= ‪.a‬‬ ‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‪= 1,14 :‬‬
‫‪0,132 a‬‬

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 ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪æ‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪ö‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﻟﻴﺱ ﻟﻪ ﺒﻌﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫÷ ‪ç1 - e 0,132‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪ç‬‬ ‫÷‬
‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪m.s -1‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﺭ ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺃﻱ‬
‫‪æ‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪ö‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺤل ﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺘﻔﺎﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‪:‬‬ ‫‪v(t ) = 1,14 × 1 - e‬‬
‫‪ç‬‬ ‫÷ ‪0 ,132‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ç‬‬ ‫÷‬
‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪dx‬‬
‫‪+a × x = b‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬
‫‪dv‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ‪ ، x Û v‬ﺃﻱ‪+ a × v = b :‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪dt‬‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ‪b = 1,14a‬‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‪= 1,14 a = 7,58 :‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‪b = 1,14 ´ 7,58 = 8,64 :‬‬
‫‪dv‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﺎﺓ ‪+ 7,58v = 8,64‬‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻨﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ‪b a‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬
‫‪.2‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻨﻔﺘﺭﻀﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﻴﻠﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪f‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺜﻘل ‪ ، P = m × g‬ﻤﻨﺤﺎﻫﺎ ﺸﺎﻗﻭﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻷﺴﻔل‪.‬‬
‫‪p‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺍﻓﻌﺔ ﺃﺭﺨﻤﻴﺩﺱ ‪ ، p‬ﻤﻨﺤﺎﻫﺎ ﺸﺎﻗﻭﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻗﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻜﺎﻙ ‪ ، f‬ﻤﻨﺤﺎﻫﺎ ﺸﺎﻗﻭﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪P‬‬

‫¼‬ ‫‪åF‬‬ ‫‪ext‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪= P + f + p = m × aG‬‬

‫¼‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪P - f -p = m×a‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺴﻘﺎﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻗﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻷﺴﻔل‪:‬‬
‫‪.3‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﻥ ‪ f‬ﻭ ‪ p‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻨﺠﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪dv‬‬
‫× ‪m × g - k × v - r ×V × g = m‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬
‫‪dv‬‬
‫= ‪g × ( m - r ×V ) - k × v‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪dt‬‬
‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ‪m‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺒﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪dv k‬‬ ‫‪æ r ×V‬‬ ‫‪ö‬‬
‫‪+ × v = ç1 -‬‬ ‫‪÷ .g‬‬
‫‪dt m‬‬ ‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺒﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ‪ ، dx + a × x = b‬ﻨﺠﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪æ r ×V‬‬ ‫‪ö‬‬
‫=‪a‬‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫‪b = ç1 -‬‬ ‫‪÷ .g‬‬
‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪ø‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪r ×V = 0‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩﻭﻤﺔ ‪p = 0‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺩﺍﻓﻌﺔ ﺃﺭﺨﻤﻴﺩﺱ‬
‫‪b = 9,80 m.s -2‬‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪b=g‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ، b = æç1 - 0 ö÷.g :‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪mø‬‬
‫‪dv‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪b ¹ g ¹ 9,80m.s ²‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪b = 8, 64 m.s -2‬‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪+ 7,58 v = 8, 64‬‬ ‫ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻀﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬

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 ‫ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺩﺍﻓﻌﺔ ﺃﺭﺨﻤﻴﺩﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺸﺩﺘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪p = m × (g - b ) = 3,7 ´ 10 -2 N‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ )‪ 2‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ( ‪:‬‬
‫½‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻭﺸﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺠﻭل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ‪5T = 100 ms :‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ‪. T = 20 ms :‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺘﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﻥ‪T = T0 = 2p × L × C :‬‬
‫½‬ ‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‪T ² = 4p ² × L × C :‬‬
‫‪T²‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪4p ² × L‬‬
‫½‬
‫=‪C‬‬
‫‪( 20 ´10 ) ² = 10 ´10‬‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪-6‬‬
‫‪F = 10m F‬‬
‫‪4 ´ 10 ´1, 0‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻋﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻨﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ 04).‬ﻨﻘﺎﻁ(‪:‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺃ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻙ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ‪ 2,0mm‬ﻴﻭﻗﻑ ﺤﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺯﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ /‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺴﻠﻙ ﻗﻁﺭﻩ ‪ ، 0,080mm‬ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﻌﺭﺍﺝ ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺼل ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺸﻕ ﻋﺭﻀﻪ ‪. a‬‬
‫½‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺸﻜل ﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻘﻊ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺯﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻙ ﻭ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺃﺸﺩ ﺇﻀﺎﺀﺓ ﻭ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﺸﺩﺓ ﺇﻀﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪q‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫½‬
‫‪D‬‬

‫‪l‬‬
‫½‬ ‫=‪q‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ a l q‬ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ /‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ‪ q‬ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ‪: tan q » q (rad ) ،‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫=‪q‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫‪2D‬‬
‫‪2D × l‬‬
‫½‬ ‫=‪l‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪a‬‬

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 ‫¼‬ ‫‪a ×l‬‬
‫=‪l‬‬ ‫‪-3‬ﺃ‪ /‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺠﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪2D‬‬
‫‪0,080 ´ 10 -3 ´ 6,5 ´ 10 -2‬‬
‫=‪l‬‬ ‫‪= 6,34 ´ 10 -7 m‬‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻱ‪:‬‬
‫‪2 ´ 4,10‬‬
‫‪l = 6,34 ´ 10 -7 m = 0,634 mm‬‬
‫¼‬
‫ﺏ‪ /‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺔ ‪ l‬ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪0,079 ´ 10 -3 ´ 6, 4 ´ 10 -2‬‬ ‫‪0,081 ´ 10 -3 ´ 6,6 ´ 10 -2‬‬

‫<‪<l‬‬
‫‪2 ´ 4,15‬‬ ‫‪2 ´ 4,05‬‬

‫½‬ ‫‪0,61mm < l < 0,66mm‬‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‪:‬‬

‫¼‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺨﺫﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺘﻴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻨﻊ ) ‪. (0,633mm‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪0,02‬‬
‫‪´ 100 = 3%‬‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪0,634‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪04).‬ﻧﻘﺎط(‪:‬‬
‫‪ /1-I‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﻜﻚ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻨﻲ‪:‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫) ‪2 H 2 O2 (aq ) ® 2 H 2 O(l ) + O2 ( g‬‬

‫‪ /2‬ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻷﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻠﻕ‪:‬‬

‫‪VO2‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫= ) ‪n(O2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.45mol‬‬
‫‪Vm‬‬ ‫‪22,4‬‬
‫‪ /3‬ﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫)‪2 H 2O2 (aq‬‬ ‫®‬ ‫) ‪2 H 2O (l‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫) ‪O2 ( g‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫¼‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪n - 2x‬‬ ‫‪2x‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫) ‪xmax = n (O2‬‬ ‫) ‪n - 2n ( O2‬‬ ‫) ‪2n(O2‬‬ ‫) ‪n(O2‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻧﻄﻼق ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻷﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫) ‪n( H O ) = 2n ( O2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪n( H 2O2 ) = 2 ´ 0, 45 = 0, 9 mol‬‬

‫‪ /4‬ﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1 L‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻨﻲ‪ ،‬إذن‪:‬‬

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 ‫¼‬ ‫) ‪n ( H 2O2‬‬ ‫‪0,9‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0,9 mol.L-1‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪ -II‬ﺃ‪/‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫(‬
‫‪2 ´ MnO4- + 8H + + 5e - = 2Mn 2 + + 4 H 2 O‬‬ ‫)‬
‫¼‬ ‫(‬
‫‪5 ´ H 2 O2 = O2 + 2 H + + 2e -‬‬ ‫)‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪2MnO4- + 5 H 2 O2 + 6 H + ® 2Mn 2 + + 5O2 + 8 H 2 O‬‬
‫ﺏ‪/‬‬
‫ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺒﻠﻭﻍ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﺅ ‪:‬‬
‫½‬ ‫‪5 ´ C 0 ´ V0 = 2 ´ C R ´ VR‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪5 ´ C 0 ´ V0‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫= ‪CR‬‬
‫‪2 ´ VR‬‬
‫‪5 ´ 0,20 ´ 17,9‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫= ‪CR‬‬ ‫‪» 0,9mol.L-1‬‬
‫‪2 ´ 10,0‬‬
‫ﺠـ‪/‬ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﺘﺎﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺔ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ ﻭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ‬
‫¼‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻠﻭل اﻟﻤﺎء اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻨﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ‪.‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫‪-III‬ﺃ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺃﺼﻐﺭ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل‬
‫¼‬ ‫ﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺩﻟﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺗﻔﻜﻚ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻨﻲ ﺑﻄﻲء‪.‬‬
‫¼‬ ‫ب‪ /‬ﯾﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻘﺎرورة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺎرد ﻷن ﺧﻔﺾ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﯾﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻂء‪.‬‬

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