Analysis and Modelling of Novel Band Stop and Band Pass Millimeter

Wave Filters Using Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS)

M. Kazerooni*, M. A. Salari*, A. Cheldavi* and M. Kamarei**
*College of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
**Faculty of Electrical and Computer, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Email: kazerooni@iust.ac.ir , msalari@elec.iust.ac.ir, cheldavi@iust.ac.ir, kamarei@ut.ac.ir

Abstract: This paper presents novel millimeter wave

filter structures by creation of some slots on the strip.
These slots perform a serious LC resonance property in
certain frequency and suppress the spurious signals. In
high frequencies and high density applications, the
board area is seriously limited, so using these filters;
the circuit area is minimized. The proposed filters are
compact and very suitable for high density MMIC
circuits.

Defected Microstrip Structure

(DMS), bandstop filter, bandpass filter, millimetre
wave, circuit modelling.

Keywords:

Introduction

Frequency band between 30-300 GHz is called

millimeter wave band. In atmospheric propagation
at 22.2 and 183.3GHz, resonance peaks occur due
to water vapour resonances, while resonances of
molecular oxygen cause peaks at 60 and 120 GHz.
Thus there are "windows" in the millimeter wave
band near 35, 94, and 135 GHz where radar and
communication systems can operate with
minimum loss [1].
In many applications reduction of size and weight
of filters is very important. Thus, planar filters
utilizing printed circuit technology seems very
suitable [2]. Slot on the strip that is called defected
microstrip structure (DMS) makes a defect on the
circuit which can be used in designing filters,
power dividers, amplifiers, etc. This defect creates
resonance characteristics in the frequency
response. This kind of structure is constructed by
removing pattern etched from the top conductor of

microstrip and can be used as a band reject filter

[3]. The DMS is advantageous in high frequency
designs and millimeter wave applications. DMS
circuits are more immune than defected ground
structure (DGS) from crosstalk and ground plane
interference.
In this paper, a new approach for making three
types filters using DMS has been presented and
their equivalent circuits have been extracted.

2
BANDSTOP FILTER STRUCTURE
AND EXTRACTION OF CIRCUIT
MODEL
The dimensional parameters of dumbbell shaped
DMS filter which results in a resonance
characteristic is sketched in Fig. 1. The resonance
effect is due to the abrupt change of the current
path. In Fig. 1; A, D and G are 1.137 mm, 0.047
mm and 0.01 mm, respectively. For this microstrip
filter the substrate is Rogers RT/duroid 5870 with
the dielectric constant of r =2.33 and thickness of
0.566 mm. The width of substrate is 1.6 mm to
obtain 50 ohm characteristic impedance. The
simulations are done with HFSS software. The
mentioned structure is a bandstop filter whose
frequency specification is shown in Fig. 2. The
phase response of the proposed structure is shown
in Fig. 3.

Figure 1: Millimeter wave bandstop filter

Figure 4 :Circuit model for DMS introduced in Fig. 1

The effect of A, D, G variations on frequency

response has been investigated and results are
shown in Fig. 5. In these variations, other
dimensions of the structure have not changed and
are similar to Fig. 1.

Figure 2: Amplitude frequency response of millimeter

wave bandstop filter

S21

S11

(a)
S21

Figure 3: Phase frequency response of millimeter wave

bandstop filter
S11

In full wave method the analysis of this filter will

take very long time, in addition, full wave analysis
cannot provide sufficient physical insight into
operation of DMS filter. So, for solving these
problems, using the circuit model is very suitable.
So the circuit model can be obtained by tracking
the path of the current. There is a capacitive effect
due to G slot and an inductive effect due to current
rotation around dumbbell shaped section. The
proposed circuit model is shown in Fig. 4.
The circuit parameters for the derived equivalent
circuit can be extracted from the simulation result
which can be fit for the one-pole Butterworth-type
low-pass response [4-6].
In the following equations f0 and fc are resonance
frequency and cut-off frequency respectively:
C=

fc
200 (f 02 f c2 )

1
L=
2 2
4 f 0 C

(1)
(2)

(b)
S21

S11

(c)
Figure 5: Effect of a) A, b) D and c) G variations on
frequency response of filter

By referring to Fig .5a and 5b it can be observed

the advantage of proposed filter which operates in
one of the millimeter wave windows; for example
near 35 GHz. Moreover the filter can be tuned by
adjusting Critical dimensions A, D and G of
proposed filter.
In table 1 the circuit parameters for different values
of A, D and G has been calculated. It is evident
that from this table with the changes of A and D,
the inductance of equivalent circuit changes while
with the change of G, capacitance of it alters.

Table 1. Circuit parameters for variations of A, D and

G
DMS
dimensions(mm)

A=1.097

A=1.057

D=0.057

D=0.062

G=0.012

G=0.014

Inductance(nH)
Capacitance(pF)

0.019
1.05

0.017
1.05

0.019
1.05

0.021
1.05

0.018
0.78

0.019
0.78

A=1.137
D=0.047
G=0.010
0.016
1.05

Figure 8: Millimeter wave bandstop filter

BANDSTOP FILTER WITH TSHAPED PATTERN

3

The proposed filter has been shown in Fig. 6. It is

also designed for 50 characteristic impedance.

Figure 9: Amplitude frequency response of bandpass

millimeter wave filter

Figure 6: Millimeter wave bandstop filter

Phase of bandpass DMS filter

200

150

S21
S11

100
Phase of S-parameters(deg)

The frequency response of the proposed filter is

shown in Fig. 7. Equivalent circuit of this structure
is same as Fig. 4 with capacitance of 0.144pF and
inductance of 0.195 nH.

50

-50

-100

-150

-200

10

15

20
Frequency(GHz)

25

30

35

40

Figure 10: Amplitude frequency response of bandpass

millimeter wave filter

Figure 7: Frequency response of millimeter wave

bandstop filter

BANDPASS
MILLIMETER
APPLICATION
4

FILTER
WAVE

FOR
BAND

In some cases the specific frequency components

are needed for applications in millimeter wave
communications systems. So it is better to use
bandpass counterpart of previously proposed
filters. This filter is shown in Fig. 8. It can be seen
from this plan the bandpass filter has been
performed by introducing small gaps in both sides
of a T-shaped slot. The frequency responses are
shown in Figs. 9-10.

By referring to Fig. 9, it can be observed two

resonances shown by fs and fp. The first resonance
is due to slots placed at two sides of T-shaped
pattern (Lp.Cg) and second resonance is due to Tshaped pattern (Lp.Cp). For extracting the
equivalent circuit, the inductance and capacitance
of equivalent circuit of T-shaped slot can be
calculated from previously discussion, then by
using the previously calculated inductance and
frequency of fs, the capacitance Cg can be obtained
easily. In Fig. 11 the obtained values for equivalent
circuit parameters have been presented.

Gap

Gap

Figure 11: Equivalent circuit for proposed bandpass

filter

References

Figure 12: Comparison between full wave analysis and

equivalent circuit

From Fig. 12, there is a reasonable conformity

between full wave analysis and the extracted
equivalent circuit.
For tuning the operating frequency one can change
the dimensions of the T-shaped cell toward desired
frequency response. Dimensions of the slots placed
at both sides of T-shaped cell have effect on
frequency response. Broadening slots will result in
signal attenuation while narrowing the slots will
result lower resonance frequency as well as signal
attenuation.
5

CONCLUSION

In this paper was introduced some new bandstop

and bandpass filters using DMS. The superior
performances such as high quality factor (Q), very
low complexity and compactness can be obtained
easily from DMS technique.

[1] D.M. Pozar "Microwave Engineering" JohnWiley,p. 668, 1998.

[2] Jia-Sheng Hong and Michael J. Lancaster,
Theory and Experiment of Novel Microstrip
Slow-Wave Open-Loop Resonator Filters,
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and
Techniques, Vol. 45, No. 12, December 1997.
[3] Jun Seok Park and Jun-Sik Yun, A Design of
the Novel Coupled-Line Bandpass Filter Using
Defected Ground Structure With Wide
Stopband Performance, IEEE Transactions
On Microwave Theory And Techniques, VOL.
50, NO. 9, September 2002.
[4] M. Kazerooni, G. Rezai Rad, and A.
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