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BASIC ENGLISH LESSON

by Abd. Hannan Ichsan, S.Pd.


II. Penggunaan To be
Macam to be adalah : am, is, are, was, were, been. To be digunakan dalam dua kurun waktu,
yakni waktu sekarang dan waktu lampau. Dalam hubungannya dengan Pokok Kalimat (Subyek) to be
digunakan sebagai berikut:
Subyek
I
You
We
Tono and Tini
(They)
Mr. Hadi (He)
Mrs. Hadi (She)
The car (It)
Bandingkanlah!
Subyek
I
You
We
Tono and Tini
(They)
Mr. Hadi (He)
Mrs. Hadi (She)
The car (It)

Predikat
am
are

Obyek (Pelengkap)
here now.

is

Predikat
was

Obyek (Pelengkap)

were
here yesterday.
was

To be mempunyai 5 kegunaan, yakni :


1. Setelah to be diikuti dengan Nouns (Kata Benda).
Contoh:
- I am a doctor.
- He is an engineer.
- They are farmers.
- My father is/was a lawyer. Et cetera
2. Setelah to be diikuti dengan Adjectives (Kata Sifat).
Contoh:
- Rini is very beautiful.
- That film is very interesting.
- They were absent yesterday.
- Tono was sick last week. Etc.
3. Setelah to be diikuti dengan Adverbs (Kata Keterangan Tempat atau Waktu).
Contoh:
- Mr. Harjo was in Malang yesterday.
- It is seven oclock now.
- They are at home today.
- Tono and Tini were here just now. Etc.
4. Setelah to be diikuti dengan Verb (Kata Kerja) + ing, digunakan dalam kalimat bentuk
sedang berlangsung atau Present/Past Continuous Tense.
Contoh:
- I am writing a letter to my old friend.
- He is reading a book now.
- They were sleeping when I came in.
- He was smoking a cigar when I saw him. Etc.
5. Setelah to be diikuti dengan Past Participle (Kata Kerja Bentuk Ke-3 atau Bentuk d/-ed) dan
digunakan dalam kalimat pasif.
Misalnya :
- to give
- gave
- given
- to steal
- stole
- stolen
- to speak
- spoke
- spoken
- to dance
- danced
- danced
- to work
- worked
- worked
- to study
- studied
- studied
Contoh:
- I am given a book by John.
- My car was stolen by someone.
- English is spoken all over the world.
- He was worked in the old factory. Etc.
Keterangan:
Kalimat negatif dengan menambahkan kata not di belakang to be yang dapat ditulis singkat
menjadi sebagai berikut.
Contoh :
is not
=
isnt
are not = arent
am not = Tetap (tidak dapat disingkat)
was not
= wasnt
melainkan disingkat seperti ini: Im not.
were not
=werent
Kalimat tanya dibentuk dengan memindahkan to be ke depan subyek (subject), sedangkan bentuk
kalimat negatifnya dengan menambahkan kata not di belakang to be.
1
Contoh:

1. (
(
(
2. (
(
(
3. (
(
(
4. (
(
(
5. (
(
(

+ )John is a good student.


- ) John is not a good student.
? ) Is John a good student?
+ )We are waiting for the bus.
- ) We are not waiting for the bus.
? ) Are we waiting for the bus?
+ )They ware in Bali yesterday.
- ) They werent in Bali yesterday.
? ) Were they in Bali yesterday?
+ )Maria was late for school.
- ) Maria was not late for school.
? ) Was Maria late for school?
+ )I am your teacher.
- ) I am not your teacher.
? ) Am I your teacher?

Questions and Answers:


1. ( Anto )Was Marina late for school?
( Budi ) ( + ) Yes, she was late for school. ( - ) No, she was not late for school.
( Budi ) ( + ) Yes, she was. ( - ) No, she was not.
2. ( Anto )Is Mr. Hadi is a postman?
( Budi ) ( + ) Yes, he is a postman. ( - ) No, he is not a postman.
( Budi ) ( + ) Yes, he is. ( - ) No, he is not.
3. ( Anto )Were you in Malang yesterday?
( Budi ) ( + ) Yes, I was in Malang yesterday. ( - ) No, I was not in Malang yesterday.
( Budi ) ( + ) Yes, I was. ( - ) No, I was not.
Exercises:
A. Fill the blanks with a suitable to be :
Is, am, are, was, and were.
e.g. : John ___ here yesterday.
John was here yesterday.
1. All students ____ happy today.
2. One of those girls ____ my best friend.
3. She ____ always late for school every day.
4. Every body ____ present last night.
5. Mr. and Mrs. Kasim ____ living in Malang.
6. My son ____ in Jakarta last week.
7. Some of those pens ____ not mine.
8. One of those students ____ here just now.
9. No body ____ at home now.
10.
You and I ____ good friends.
B. Change according to the given marks!
e.g.: Tono is absent today. ( ? ) ( - )
(?)
Is Tono absent today?
( - ) Tono isnt absent today.
1. Mr. Smith is smoking a cigarette. ( ? ) ( - )
2. Are they your friends? ( + ) ( - )
3. My books arent expensive. ( ? ) ( + )
4. Is that your motor-cycle? ( + ) ( - )
5. We were at the party last night. ( ? ) ( - )
C. Give short answer, either with Yes or No to the following questions!
e.g.: A: Are you a student?
B: Yes, I am or No, I am not.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Was your brother at home last night?


Are Tono and Tini studying together?
Were you here the day before yesterday?
Is this car hers?
Is that man your brother?

D. Choose either one is correct!


e.g.: X: Are you an American or an Indonesian?
Y: I am an Indonesian.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
E.

Is Jakarta a big city or a small city?


Are you a good or a bad student in English?
Is your father rich or poor?
Are your friends lazy or diligent?
Is this pen mine or yours?

Translate into good English!


1. Isteri saya sangat cantik.
2. Di sinikah Tono kemarin pagi?
3. Itu bukan Tuan Hadi.
4. Mereka sedang menunggu sebuah bis.
5. Mobil saya di luar sekarang.
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