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IMPORTANCE
OF
PLANKTONS
PLANKTONS
CLASSIFICATION
Trophic Group
Phytoplankton -
water surface where there is sufficient light to support photosynthesis. Among the more
important groups are the diatoms, cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores.
Zooplankton
other animals) that feed on other plankton and telonemia. Some of the eggs and larvae
of larger animals, such as fish, crustaceans, and annelids, are included here.
Bacterioplankton -
IMPORTANCE
By grazing on phytoplankton, zooplankton provide carbon to the plankton food web, either respiring it to
provide metabolic energy, or upon death as biomass or detritus.
Biogeochemical cycles of many important chemical elements, including the ocean's carbon
cycle.
IMPORTANCE
PIGMENTS IN
ALGAE
CLASSIFICATION
CHLOROPHYLLS
different types
CHLOROPHYLLS
Porphyrin Structure.
CAROTINOIDS
Accessory Pigments
PHYCOBILINS
More Phycoeryhtin in
Deep Sea
Chromatic Adaptation
(Gaidukov Phenomenon)
PIGMENTS
SOURCES IN
ALGAE
SUN LIGHT
Primary producers
Floridea
n starch
Low
Molecul
ar
Weight
A 1-4
Linked
Glucans
B-1,3
Linked
glucans
Fructosa
ns
Myxophy
cean
starch
Chrysola
minarin
(leucosin
)
Paramyl
on
Starch
Laminari
n
Sugars
Glycosid
es
Polyols
Floridean starch
Floridean starch occurs as bowl shaped grains from 0.5 to 25 um outside the chloroplast, inferring
the host in the original endosymbiosis took over formation of storage product.
This differs from the Chlorophyta where starch is produced in the chloroplast.
Despite the differing locations of starch synthesis, the Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta use a common
pathway in the synthesis of starch
Myxophycean starch
The shape varying between species from rod-shaped granules to 25-nm particles to elongate 31to 67-nm bodies.
Starch
In the Chlorophyta
In the Cryptophyta, starch has an unusually high content of amylose and occurs as
grains between the chloroplast envelope and the chloroplast E.R.
Dinophyta - cytoplasm outside of the chloroplast, but its structure is not known.
Laminarin
Phaeophyceae, laminarin consists of a related group of pre - dominantly -1,3 linked glucans
containing 16 to 31 residues.
Variation in the molecule is introduced by the number of 1 6 linkages, the degree of branching,
and the occurrence of a terminal mannitol molecule.
The presence of a high proportion of C-6 inter residue linkages and of branch points determine the
solubility of the poly saccharide in cold water: the greater the number of linkages, the higher the
solubility.
Laminarin occurs as an oil-like liquid outside of the chloroplasts, commonly in a vesicle surrounding
the pyrenoid.
Chrysolaminarin (leucosin)
Chrysophyceae,
Prymnesiophyta,
and
Bacillariophyceae,
Paramylon
Low-molecular-weight compounds
Sugars
Glycosides
Polyols
ECONOMIC
IMPORTANCE OF
ALGAE
Primary Producers
Carbon Fixation
Algae as food
Parphyratenesa - Japan.
SCP
Algae as fodder
Pisciculture
Fertilizer
Nitrogen Fixation
Algae in industry
Alginates are the salts of alginic acid found in the cell wall of
phaeophyceae.
Solidifying Agent
Carragheen or Carragheenin:
Diatomite
in investigations in photosynthesis.
Algae in Space