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01
SYSTEMATIC SEMIMICRO QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE INORGANIC SALTS
A. Preliminary Tests:
Experiment
Observation
Inference
I) APPEARANCE
i) Crystalline
i) Salts of Carbonate may be
absent, The salt may contain
Cl; Br; NO3 ; SO42 radicals;
ii) Armorphous (Light fluffy ii) Salts of CO 2 may be
3
powder)
present.
i) Colourless
i) Salts of
II) COLOUR
Hot
Dilute HCl
Cold
Dilute HNO3
Hot
Cold
Hot
Inference
Cl-and Br
radicals
absent.
Cl radical is present
are
solution.
v) Reddish brown fumes in
cold condition and the
solution in the test tube turns
to brown.
vi) Reddish brown fumes
only upon heating.
Liberation of reddish brown
fumes increases upon
heating with copper bits and
the solution in the test tube
becomes greenish blue.
Confirmatory test for Cl
Salt + K 2Cr2O7 crystals + Reddish brown fumes are
liberated
conc. H 2 SO4 heated.
Yellow coloured solution is
Liberated fumes are passed obtained.
through NH 4OH solution
yellow
coloured
Yellow coloured solution + Bright
Acetic acid + Lead acetate precipitate
solution.
Confirmatory test for Cl
and Br radicals.
Silver nitrate test:
Salt solution + dilute HNO3
boiled + Silver nitrate
solution
Br radical is present
Cl radical is confirmed
Cl radical is confirmed
Br radical is confirmed
Br radical is confirmed
BO33 confirmed.
Preparation of Original solution: Original solution of the salt is prepared by dissolving 0.3g
of salt in a 10 15 cm3 of suitable solvent. (A few drops of this original solution is used for
basic radical analysis)
I. Analysis of I group basic radical:
Original solution + dil. HCl
No precipitate
I group basic radical absent
II. Analysis of II group basic radical
Original solution + dil HCl No precipitate
H 2 S gas
Al confirmed.
Al confirmed.
Confirmatory test Zn
1. original solution + NaOH White precipitate soluble in Zn++ Confirmed
drop wise.
excess of NaOH
2. Salt solution + NH 4OH White precipitate soluble in Zn++ confirmed
3
drop wise
excess of NH 4OH
NH 4OH NH 4 2 CO3
(i)
(ii)
Ca
White ppt
No ppt
Ba 2 may be present
Ca 2 may be present
Yellow precipitate
Apple green colour
imparted to the flame
Ba confirmed.
is
Confirmatory test of Ca
1. Original solution + White precipitate
ammonium oxalate solution.
2. Flame test: The given salt
is made into a paste with few Brick red colour is imparted
drops of conc. HCl. The to the flame
paste is held to flame with
the help of previously heated
platinum wire. Observe the
colour imparted to the flame.
IV. Analysis of VI group basic radical:
Confirmatory test for Mg
1. Original solution +
White precipitate
Ba confirmed.
Ca is confirmed.
Ca is confirmed.
VI group basic
present.
Mg confirmed.
Mg confirmed
radical
NH 4 confirmed
VI group basic
present.
Na confirmed.
Na confirmed.
is
radical
radical
- Brick red
- Golden yello
Barium
Potassium
-Apple green
- Lilac (violet)