Konstruksi kapal

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

Belum Diperiksa
Langsung ke: navigasi, cari

Kapal yang sedang dikonstruksi di galangan kapal

Konstruksi kapal merupakan proses pembangunan kapal di galangan kapal yang didahului oleh desain
dan dilanjutkan dengan pembangunan konstruksi kapal yang diawali dengan peletakan lunas,
dilanjutkan dengan konstruksi rangka/gading-gading, geladak, anjungan, kulit kapal. Setelah kapal
selesai dikonstruksi selanjutnya diluncurkan ke laut untuk selanjutnya dilakukan finishing.

Daftar isi

1 Sistem konstruksi
2 Konstruksi kulit ganda
3 Lihat pula
4 Pranala luar

Sistem konstruksi
Sistem konstruksi di kapal dapat dibagi tiga yaitu:
1. sistem konstruksi memanjang (longitudinal framing system)
2. sistem konstruksi melintang (transverse framing system)
3. sistem konstruksi campuran (mixed framing system)

Konstruksi kulit ganda

Aturan baru yang diterapkan khusus untuk kapal tangker adalah kewajiban untuk menggunakan kulit
ganda (double hull) untuk mengurangi peluang pencemaran lingkungan karena kebocoran yang
mungkin terjadi. Kebocoran kapal tangker dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya lingkungan khususnya
terhadap biota laut dan hewan yang hidup dilingkungan laut dan garis pantai.

Lihat pula

Peletakan lunas
Gading-gading
Geladak
Anjungan
Kulit kapal
Galangan kapal

SHIP MEASUREMENTS

Block measures that define the principal dimensions. They are:

Beam or breadth (B) is the width of the hull. (ex: BWL is the maximum beam at the waterline)
Draft (d) or (T) is the vertical distance from the bottom of the keel to the waterline.
Freeboard (FB) is depth plus the height of the keel structure minus draft.
Length at the waterline (LWL) is the length from the forwardmost point of the waterline measured
in profile to the stern-most point of the waterline.
Length between perpendiculars (LBP or LPP) is the length of the summer load waterline from the
stern post to the point where it crosses the stem. (see also p/p)
Length overall (LOA) is the extreme length from one end to the other.
Moulded depth (D) is the vertical distance measured from the top of the keel to the underside of
the upper deck at side.[2]
Form derivatives that are calculated from the shape and the block measures. They are:
Displacement () is the weight of water equivalent to the immersed volume of the hull.
Longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB) is the longitudinal distance from a point of reference
(often midships) to the centre of the displaced volume of water when the hull is not moving. Note
that the longitudinal centre of gravity or centre of the weight of the vessel must align with the LCB
when the hull is in equilibrium.
Longitudinal centre of floatation (LCF) is the longitudinal distance from a point of reference
(often midships) to the centre of the area of waterplane when the hull is not moving. This can be
visualized as being the area defined by the water's surface and the hull.
Vertical centre of buoyancy (VCB) is the vertical distance from a point of reference (often the
baseline) to the centre of the displaced volume of water when the hull is not moving.
Volume (V or ) is the volume of water displaced by the hull.

Displacement
As weight is added to a ship, it submerges. Designated displacement is the ship's weight when fully
loaded and submerged to her load lines.
A ship's displacement or displacement tonnage is the weight of the water that a ship displaces when it
is floating; the term is defined ordinarily such that the ship's fuel tanks are full and all stores are aboard.
The term is applied usually to naval vessels. Displacement is the actual weight of the ship, since a
floating body displaces its own weight in water (Archimedes' principle). Another way of thinking about
displacement is the weight of the water that would spill out of a completely filled container were the
ship placed into it.
A number of synonymous terms exist for this maximum weight, such as loaded displacement, full
load displacement and designated displacement As a measurement of weight, displacement should
not be confused with similarly named measurements of volume or capacity such as net tonnage, gross
tonnage, or deadweight tonnage.

ULANGAN AKHIR SEMESTER GANJIL

SMK NEGERI 3 PANDEGLANG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2013/2014
Mata Pelajaran
Kelas/Program Keahlian
Hari/tanggal
Waktu
Guru Pengampu

Bahasa Inggris Maritim

X dan XII NKPI
60 Menit
Arif Rahman Khakim, S.St.Pi

1. that define the principal dimensions.

2. . is the width of the hull. (ex: BWL is the maximum
beam at the waterline)
3. . is the vertical distance from the bottom of the keel to
the waterline.
4. is depth plus the height of the keel structure minus
draft.
5. is the length from the forwardmost point of the
waterline measured in profile to the stern-most point of the
waterline.
6. .. is the length of the summer load waterline from the
stern post to the point where it crosses the stem. (see also p/p)
7. is the extreme length from one end to the other.
8. . is the vertical distance measured from the top of the
keel to the underside of the upper deck at side.[2]
9. that are calculated from the shape and the block
measures. They are:
10. is the weight of water equivalent to the immersed
volume of the hull.
11. .. is the longitudinal distance from a point of
reference (often midships) to the centre of the displaced
volume of water when the hull is not moving. Note that the
longitudinal centre of gravity or centre of the weight of the
vessel must align with the LCB when the hull is in equilibrium.
12. . is the longitudinal distance from a point of
reference (often midships) to the centre of the area of
waterplane when the hull is not moving. This can be visualized
as being the area defined by the water's surface and the hull.
13. .. is the vertical distance from a point of reference
(often the baseline) to the centre of the displaced volume of
water when the hull is not moving.
14. .. is the volume of water displaced by the hull.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

a. Beam or breadth
b. Draft
c. Length at the waterline
(LWL)
d. Moulded depth
e. Form derivatives
f. Longitudinal centre of
floatation (LCF)
g. Volume
h. Vertical centre of
buoyancy (VCB)
i. Length between
perpendiculars
j. Length overall
k. Displacement
l. Block measures
m. Freeboard (FB)
n. Longitudinal centre of
buoyancy (LCB)