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I. INTRODUCTION
Fig. 1. DT Sample
During the test stage another data set different from the
training set is used to test the DT. The final obtained DT must
be adequate to correctly classify the data registers and evaluate
future data. In designing a DT the registers must be divided
and many metrics are available to accomplish this division.
The RAPIDMINER program, version 4.0, that is used in this
paper, has four metrics to divide the registers, namely: Gain
Rate; Information Gain; Index Gini, and Precision [14]. The
performance evaluation of a DT is measured by counting the
test registers that were predicted correctly and those predicted
incorrectly using a table that is known as confusion matrix.
III. PMU PRINCIPLES
Monitoring the power system operation state is a relevant
aspect to the real time operation and decision making process.
Traditionally, power system operation state has been
monitored using measuring transformers (current and voltage
transformers) and the measurements are acquired and
processed by the supervisory control and data acquisition
system (SCADA) to help engineers to plan and operate the
electrical system. The SCADA system is a very useful tool to
supervise the power system operation state, but it presents a
poor ability for globally observation of the power system
because the acquired data in different parts of the system are
not synchronized in time.
Where
i,COI
i ,COI = i COI
. In
COI =
COI
1
Mt
NG
Mt =
i =1
as [16]:
NG
M
i
(1)
i =1
2H i
2f
(2)
2) Selection Attributes
Once the main objective of the proposed methodology is to
evaluate if a contingency may cause any static or dynamic
security problem for a specific operational condition, the
attributes may contain sufficient information to cope with the
real time system behavior as submitted to the contingency.
The first attribute type used in the created database is
related to variables that describe the system pre-disturbance
behavior, which are directly measured by the PMU. These
variables include nodal voltages (magnitudes and angles),
active and reactive power flows in the network. The second
attribute type is related to the generator active power, once the
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
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, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 957965, May 2010.
RAPIDMINER for Windows V4.0Users Guide. USA. [Online].
Available: http://rapid-i.com/content/view/181/190/lang,en/
A. G. Phadke, J. S. Thorp, Synchronized Phasor Measurements and
Their Applications, (1nd ed), Springer. 2008.
N. Amjady, A framework of Reliability Assessment with consideration
effect of transient and voltage stability, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol.
19, no. 2, pp. 10051014, 2004.