Cambridge Latin Course Book IV

Stage 29: ROMA

nox (night)
PART I
It was night. The moon and the stars were shining in the clear sky. It was the time in which
men are accustomed to rest. At Rome however there was no rest, no silence. Splendid
dinners were being eaten in the big homes, where the rich were living. Expensive (lavish) food
was being offered by the slaves; excellent wine was being poured by the slave girls; songs
were being sung by extremely skilful cithara players.But in the high blocks of apartments, no
splendid dinners were being eaten, no cithara players were being heard. There the poor,
nearly having been worn out (exhausted) with hunger, were leading a extremely miserable
(wretched / sad) life. Some were writing letters to their patrons in order that they might beg
for (ask) help of them, others were preparing to commit crimes.A great noise (din) was heard
near the forum (market place). For a magnificent arch was being built on the Sacred Way. [i.e.
the road running through the Forum] A huge crane was hanging over the arch. The craftsmen,
who were building the arch, were working extremely carefully (diligently). Some were carving
the figures (shapes) on the arch; others were writing (inscribing) an inscription on the front of
the arch; others were raising (lifting up) marble to the highest (top) arch. All were working
strenuously in order that they might finish the arch before daylight. For the emperor Domitian
wanted to dedicate this arch to his brother Titus on the next day. He had hated Titus alive
(living Titus); but he wanted to honour the dead Titus. For Domitian now wanted to favour the
Roman people, who had been very fond of Titus, for himself.

PART II
Quintus Haterius Latrninus, an extremely well-known contractor (builder), was in charge of
for this work (construction). On that night he himself furious (in a rage) was urging on the
craftsmen. Gius Salvius Lberlis, the patron of Haterius, was also present (was also here),
who was in turn urging him on in order that he might finish the work before daylight. For
Salvius was worried (anxious) because he had persuaded the emperor that he should put
Haterius in charge for the work. This one therefore repeatedly ordered the craftsmen,
although they were completely tired, that they should not stop with the work.Glitus, the
foreman of the craftsmen, was trying to soothe (calm down) Haterius. Look, master! he said.
The craftsmen have nearly finished the arch now. The last letters of the inscription are now
being inscribed; the last figures (shapes) are being carved; the last blocks of marble are being
raised (lifted up) to the arch top (summit).A little before the first hour [i.e. approx. 6am],
having been worn out by the work, the craftsmen finished the arch. For a short time the city
was silent.One craftsman however, returning home through the market place (forum),
suddenly heard the sad shouts of two women. For the two female prisoners, having been
affected by great grief, were chanting in prison: My God! My God! Look at me! Why have you
deserted me?

Masada
PART I
Sad shouts were heard from the prison, where the prisoners (captives) were being guarded.
For the two Jewish women, survivors of them who had rebelled (revolted) against the Romans,
were lamenting (mourning / grieving) their fortune (luck). One was a seventy year old woman
[lit. an old woman seventy of years], the other (was) a thirty year old lady [lit. thirty years
born]. Together with them in prison were five children, of whom Simon the eldest was trying to
bring comfort to his mother and to his grandmother.
Mother, do not lament (mourn / grieve)! It is right (proper) for Jewish women to show
(display) courage in misfortune [lit. in hostile / unfavourable things / matters].
Having embraced her son, the mother said, It was better to die (perish) with your(p) father
nine years ago. Why then did I shrink from death? Why did I save you(p)?
Having been moved (alarmed / distressed / upset) by these words, Simon asked his mother
how (in what way) his father had died (perished) and why she had not told (related) the

matter earlier. He begged her that she should explain everything. But the pain (grief) of the
mother was so great that at first she was able to say nothing. Soon, when she had gathered
(collected) herself, having turned to her children, she said, I did not want to tell (relate)
about the death of your(p) father earlier lest you(p) might also die (perish), having imitated
his example [lit. the example of his]. Now however I dare to reveal to you(p) the whole matter
because tomorrow we are all going to die.
We Jews rebelled (revolted) three years against the Romans. On the fourth year that devil,
Titus, stormed (took by storm) Jerusalem city. I have never seen a more terrible spectacle:
everywhere the buildings were being consumed by flames; everywhere men, women and
children were being killed; the Temple itself was being pulled apart (ransacked) by the
soldiers; the whole city was being overturned. Many thousands of Jews died (perished) in that
disaster; but about one thousand survivors, with Eleazar as leader, seized (took over) Masada
rock (crag). You, Simon, at that time were hardly five years old.
Masada rock (crag) is high and sheer (steep), situated near Lake Asphaltites [i.e. The Dead
Sea]. There, having been defended by defences (fortifications) on all sides, we were resisting
the Romans for a long time. Meanwhile, the leader of the enemies, Lcius Flvius Silva,
surrounded the rock (crag) with many forts. Then the soldiers, at orders of Silva, built a huge
ramp (mound) right up to the top rock (crag). Finally (lastly) they climbed the ramp (mound)
and destroyed a large part of the defences (fortifications) by fire. At last, when night was
approaching, Silva led back the soldiers to the camp so that they might wait for the next day
and the victory.

PART II
On that night, Eleazar proposed (put forward) a dreadful plan (idea / advice) to the Jews. We
are in a great crisis, he said. Having trusted (having put trust) in God, we Jews have resisted
the Romans up till now; now those ones are preparing to drag us into slavery. No hope of
safety is shown for us. Surely it is better to die (perish) than to give in to the Romans? I myself
accept death having been inflicted by my own hand, I despise (reject) slavery.
Eleazar aroused (woke up) by these words so great (such a great) spirit (enthusiasm) in the
Jews that they hurried at death at once. The men killed the having been embraced women
and children. When they had finished this dreadful and savage (cruel) thing, ten of them
having been chosen by lot killed the others (the rest). Then one from (out of) those ones
(them), in turn having been chosen by lot, after he killed the remaining nine, stabbed himself
with a sword.
How (in what way) did we ourselves escape? asked Simon.
I could not obey Eleazar, replied his mother. I lay hidden in an underground place with
you(p).
Coward! shouted Simon. I am not at all afraid of (fear) death. Remembering (mindful of)
the example of my father, I want to show (display) the same courage.

arcus Tit (the arch of Titus)

PART I
On the next day in the morning a huge crowd of Romans came together (gathered / met) from
all sides at the arch of Titus. A festival day (holiday) was celebrated by all the citizens. The
emperor Domitian was going to dedicate on that day the arch to his brother Titus. At the
order of the emperor a splendid (magnificent) procession was led through the whole city.
Many chairs were placed (put) by slaves near the arch. Many senators came together
(gathered / met) there (to that place) in the hope of the favour of Domitian. Among (between)
them Salvius, wearing a splendid toga, was searching for (looking for) a place where he could
be conspicuous (easily seen). Among (between) the knights [well-to-do men ranking below
senators], who were standing behind the senators, was Haterius himself. He was eagerly
hoping for (expecting) a favour of the emperor, and he was wondering (turning over in his
mind) when he was going to receive the prize (reward / profit) having been promised by
Salvius.
A huge altar, having been built in front of the arch, was being decorated by slaves with
flowers. Twenty priests were standing around the altar. Soothsayers were also here (present)
who were looking at (inspecting / examining / searching) the entrails of the victims.

Meanwhile the procession was slowly being led along the Sacred Way. Trumpeters were
marching (striding) in the forefront, blowing their trumpets. After them came the young
men, who were leading thirty bulls having been decorated (elaborately furnished) with
garlands (wreaths) to the offering (sacrifice). Then many slaves, who were carrying the
treasure of the Jews, were concluding (completing) the first part of the procession. An
extremely expensive (precious) part of this treasure was a sacred table, trumpets and a lamp
stand, which all (everything) were made of gold.
Seven Jewish prisoners (captives), who were marching (striding) in the procession middle,
were being mocked (jeered at) loudly by the spectators. The five boys, marching (striding)
with a calm expression (face), were ignoring (neglecting / disregarding) the shouts and insults
(abuses), but the two women with very many tears were begging the spectators that they
should spare the children.
After the prisoners (captives) came Domitian himself, having been carried by a splendid
(magnificent) chariot. Both consuls [senior magistrates] went after the emperor, of whom one
was Lucius Flvius Silva. Extremely noble magistrates [elected officials of Roman government]
(of extremely noble birth) were carrying an image (statue) of Titus on their shoulders. The
procession was completed (shut / closed / concluded) by the soldiers.

PART II
The procession reached (arrived at) the arch. Domitian, having gone out from the chariot in
order that he might make the sacrifice, greeted the senators and the knights. Then he turned
his eyes onto the arch itself. Having been affected by admiration, the Emperor very much
praised the summoned (sent for) to himself Salvius. He ordered (commanded) him that he
should give thanks to Haterius. Then having advanced to the altar, he took the knife with
which he was to sacrifice the victim. A slave offered the throat of the bull to him. Then
Domitian sacrificed the victim, having spoken these words:
To you, god Titus, this victim is now sacrificed; to you this arch is dedicated; to you the
greatest thanks are given by the Roman people.
Suddenly, while the Romans fix their eyes carefully onto the sacrifice, having seized the
opportunity Simon leapt forward (jumped). He burst into the priests middle; he seized
(grabbed) the knife. All the spectators were standing still (motionless), having been
astonished by the boldness (audacity) of his. Domitian, moved (alarmed / distressed / upset)
by panic, stepped back. Simon did not however make for (attack) the Emperor. Holding the
knife in his hand he shouted,
We, who are the survivors of the rebellions of the Jews, do not want to serve [as slaves] the
Romans. We prefer to meet (to go to meet) death.
Having spoken these words, he committed (began) a dreadful crime. Having embraced
them at once he killed his mother and grandmother with the knife. Then he killed his
brothers, not at all resisting, in the same way. Finally (lastly) having cursed the Roman people
in a loud voice he pierced (stabbed) himself with the knife.

Stage 30: HATERIUS

dignits (dignity, importance, prestige)
After the arch was dedicated by the Emperor, the Roman citizens celebrated four festival
days. Every day they were coming together (gathering, meeting) at the arch in order that they
might look at (inspect, examine) the figures (shapes) carved on him [i.e. it]. Very many clients
were coming to the home of Salvius who were to make congratulations to him. Salvius
himself was affected by the greatest joy because the Emperor had praised greatly the arch of
Haterius.
At the house of Haterius however no voices of congratulations were heard. Neither clients nor
friends were admitted (let in). Haterius, moved (alarmed, excited, distressed, upset) by anger,
was remaining (staying) at home alone. He was so much (so greatly) in a rage that he was
unable to sleep. He stayed awake for four days and nights. On the fifth day his wife, by
name Vitellia, who did not know why Haterius was so greatly angry, tried to soothe him.
Having entered the garden, where Haterius was walking here and there up and down, anxious
she questioned him.

Vitellia: Why are you so violently in a rage, my dear Haterius? And you have driven away
from home your friends and clients, who came in order that they might greet you. And you
have not said one word to me these four days. Without doubt, in order that you might finish
that arch, you have worked too much, neglecting (ignoring, disregarding) of your health.
Now it is necessary for you to rest.
Haterius: How (in what way) am I able to rest, having suffered (endured) so great an injustice
(injury)?
Vitellia: I do not understand your words. Who has done an injustice (brought injury) to you?
Haterius: I have been completely deceived (fooled) by Salvius, who was accustomed to
favour (give support to) me. A huge prize (reward, profit) was promised to me by Salvius in
return for all my labours. I have accepted (received) no prize (reward, profit) however, not
even thanks.
Vitellia: Be satisfied, my dear Haterius. You are an extremely well-known (famous) contractor
(builder), whose arch has been praised recently by the Emperor himself. You have built many
public buildings, from where you have obtained great riches.
Haterius: I do not care [about] the riches. In this city are very many contractors (builders)
who have obtained very great riches. However for me not the riches (wealth) but my dignity
(importance, prestige) is a matter of concern.
Vitellia: Your dignity (importance, prestige) is very great. For not only are you extremely rich
but you also have a wife born from an extremely noble family. Rfilla, my sister, is the wife of
Salvius who has always favoured (supported) you and has often recommended you to the
Emperor. What else do you want to accept (receive) from Salvius?
Haterius: I want to reach (arrive) at the highest honours (public positions). First I want to be
a priest; for many men, having been made (created) priests by the Emperor, have afterwards
reached the consulship (rank of consul). But Salvius, although he has repeatedly promised to
me the priesthood, he has not kept his promise (kept faith).
Vitellia: Do not despair (give up), my dear Haterius. I have an excellent plan (idea). Invite
Salvius to your builders yard! Show off (display) your crane to him! Nothing bigger (larger)
nor more extraordinary (marvellous) has ever been made before. Then ask Salvius, having
been affected (overcome) with admiration, about the priesthood.

polyspaston (the crane)

PART I
On the next day Haterius led Salvius to his builders yard in order that he might show off
(display) the crane to him. There Glitus, the foreman of the craftsmen, was sitting idle. Who,
when he had caught sight of his approaching master, he quickly got up (rose) and ordered
the craftsmen to work more diligently (harder).
The whole builders yard was full with the noise (din) of workings (labours). Pillars (columns)
were being cut (carved) from (out of) extremely expensive (precious) marble; bricks and rocks
were being carried into the builders yard; huge blocks of marble were being placed (put) onto
wagons (carts). When he had seen the craftsmen busy with work (labour), Haterius led Salvius
to another part of the builders yard. There a huge crane was standing which had been
prepared by the craftsmen. A seat had been fixed (fastened) on the beam of the crane.
Then Haterius having turned to Salvius, My dear Salvius, he said. Surely the crane is
extraordinary (marvellous)? This is able to offer (provide) for you such a view of the city as
few have ever seen. Does it please (suit) you?
When he saw the seat fixed (fastened) on the beam, Salvius grew pale. But, because the
craftsmen had their eyes fixed eyes onto him, concealing (hiding) his fear he sat down onto
the seat. Haterius also sat down next to him. Then he ordered the craftsmen that they should
drag the ropes, which had been tied to the beam, with the greatest strength. Then the beam

was slowly being raised (lifted up) to the sky. Salvius, nearly (almost) overcome (worn out,
exhausted) with panic, was sticking (was clinging) to the seat with his eyes shut (closed). At
last he opened his eyes.

PART II
Salvius: (astonished by the spectacle) By the immortal gods! I can see the whole city. Look
the temple of Jupiter! [i.e. god of the sky, greatest of the Roman gods] Look the river! Look
the Flavian amphitheatre [i.e. Colosseum] and the new arch! How it shines in the sun! The
emperor was affected by the greatest admiration as soon as he saw that arch. He ordered me
that I should give his thanks to you.
Haterius: I am greatly pleased (I rejoice greatly) because my work (construction) has been
praised by the Emperor. But I have not yet received (accepted) that prize (reward, profit)
which you promised to me.
Salvius: (with a flattering voice) I have already often consulted the Emperor about your
priesthood and even now I am waiting for the answer of his. However meanwhile I am able to
offer something to you. I possess a certain small plot of land, who [i.e. which] has been
situated near the tombs of the Metell and the Scpins [famous Roman families]. Would you
like to buy this small plot of land?
Haterius: (affected with great joy) Yes, I should also like to build a splendid tomb for me and
my family on that small plot of land near the tombs of extremely noble families, decorated
(elaborately furnished) with figures (shapes) of my works (constructions); for in this way I am
able to hand over my name and deeds (achievements) to future generations (posterity). I
therefore offer two million sesterces to you in return for your small plot of land.
Salvius: (smiling, because the small plot of land had been given to him free by the Emperor)
The small plot of land is worth much more, but because I am your patron I favour (support)
you. It pleases me therefore to accept (receive) only three million sesterces from you. Does it
please (suit) you?
Haterius: It pleases (suits) me very much.
Haterius ordered the craftsmen that they should let down (lower) the beam slowly. Both
returned (went back, came back) to the ground, one delighted (pleased) with the hope of
immortality, the other satisfied with the ready money.

Stage 31: IN URBE

adventus (The Arrival)
With the day dawning, a huge crowd of Romans was filling the streets of the city. On the river
banks of the river Tiber, where many barns (granaries) had been situated, grain from the
ships was being unloaded by the dock-workers. The slaves, who had been imported from
Africa by the slave-dealers, were being led out of the ships, having been bound (tied up) with
heavy chains.
From one of the ships, which had just arrived from Greece, an extremely beautiful girl went
out. She was holding in her hand a letter having been written to Haterius. The bags
(luggage) of hers were being carried by a slave, a man forty years old [lit. forty of years].
With the sun having risen, the girl arrived at the Subura [i.e. a noisy crowded district of Rome
north of the Via Sacra]. She was very much amazed (stunned) by the crowd and shouts of the
men. So great was the crowd that the girl was advancing (was proceeding) with the greatest
difficulty. On (from) all sides the poor were going out from the blocks of flats (apartment
buildings) in order that they might draw (drag) water from the fountains. The rich were being
carried in litters to the forum. Beggars were surrounding the girl, demanding money. Some
(several) craftsmen, with the girl having been seen, began to shout; they called out to the girl
with rude (impudent) words. However she who, with the shouts of the craftsmen having been
ignored (disregarded), went past quickly with a calm (clear) expression (face). She ordered
the slave to hurry lest they reach (arrive at) the home of Haterius too late (more slowly).

At the same time many clients were hurrying through the streets in order that they might
greet their patrons. Some, with their togas having been torn and with their shoes having
been broken (split), were going slowly through the mud. It was difficult for them to hurry
because the mud was deep, the streets narrow, (and) the crowd thick. Others, who were born
from noble families, were advancing (proceeding) quickly because their slaves were moving
out of the way the crowd with clubs (sticks). The clients, who rushing here and there (up and
down) through the streets, were obstructing (blocking the way) for girl advancing
(proceeding).

saltti (The Morning Visit)

PART I
In the first hour [approx. 6 a.m.] clients were coming together (gathering, meeting) before (in
front of) the home of Haterius. With their eyes having been fixed on the door, all were
waiting for the favour of their patron. Some were hoping for (expecting) an act of
kindness (favour), others a handout [i.e. a gift of food or money]. The girl, with her slave
standing by, stood her ground (stood firm, halted, stopped) on the edge of the crowd; not
knowing (unaware) of the Roman customs, she was wondering (turning over in her mind)
why so many men were standing there at that hour.
With the door having suddenly being opened, a herald (announcer) appeared in the threshold
(doorway). The body of his was huge and fat, his expression (face) arrogant (proud), and
his eyes spiteful. With the herald (announcer) having been seen, the clients at once began
to shout. They begged him repeatedly that he should admit (let in) they themselves to their
patron. He [lit. that one] however looked around arrogantly nor did he say anything at first.
With all at last being silent (quiet), the herald (announcer) began in this way:
Our master, Quntus Haterius Latrninus, is drawing up (writing up) his accounts. He
therefore orders three citizens to sign as witnesses for the accounts. Make way [i.e. you(p)]
for Gaius Ilius Alexandrus, Gaius Memmius Primus, and Lucius Venlius Aprninus.
Who therefore, with their names having been heard, having quickly advanced they entered
the home. But the others (the rest), with their eyes having been fixed on the expression
(face) of the herald (announcer), were remaining in the hope of a favour.
The herald (announcer) said, Haterius invites to dinner Lucius Volusius Maecinus and
Marcus Licinius Prvtus. Maecinus and Privts are ordered to return (come back) at the
ninth hour [approx. 3 p.m.]. But now make way [i.e. you(p)] for some others! Make way [i.e.
you(p)] for the builder (architect) Gaius Rabrius Maximus! Make way [i.e. you(p)] for Titus
Claudius Paprius!
While they [lit. those ones] enter through the door, the herald (announcer) announced to the
others (the rest): Haterius orders all you(p) to escort him(self) at the third hour [approx. 9
a.m.] to the forum.
With these words having been said, he scattered a few denarius [i.e. a coin worth 4 sesterces]
into the crowd. The clients, lest they should lose the handout, tried to seize (grab) the
denarius. They were violently competing amongst themselves (with each other). Meanwhile
the girl was standing still (motionless), astonished by this show (spectacle).

PART II
With the door having at last been closed, the clients began to go away, some having been
satisfied, others having been disappointed in their hope. Then the girl ordered the slave that
he should knock at the door. The slave said to the herald having returned, Look! My mistress,
Euphrosyne, is here.
Go away, you wicked person! No one (nobody) else is admitted (let in) today, replied the
herald (announcer) in an arrogant voice.
But my mistress an extremely learned Greek female philosopher, said the slave. She has
been sent here (to this place) by Quntus Haterius Chrysogonos himself, the freed man (exslave) of Haterius, who lives at Athens.
Therefore (and so) Chrysogonos was mad (insane), replied the herald (announcer). All
philosophers are hateful to Haterius! You must return to Athens from where you have been
sent.

The slave angry with the arrogance of the herald (announcer) nevertheless persisted.
But Eryllus, he said, who is the expert (judge) of good taste for Haterius, wrote a letter to
Chrysogonos in which he asked him that he should send a female philosopher here (to this
place). Therefore we are here!
With these words having been heard, the herald (announcer), who not at all liked (loved)
Eryllus, said in a loud voice, Eryllus! Who is Eryllus? My master is Haterius, not Eryllus! Go
away!
Having spoken these words, he pushed down the slave into the mud and closed the door. As
soon as she saw the slave having been thrown down on the ground, Euphrosyne tried to
soothe (calm down) his anger.
Do not annoy your mind, she said. We ought to (should, must) carry calmly (with a calm
mind) misfortune [lit. hostile (unfavourable) things]. We must come back (return) tomorrow.

Stage 32: EUPHROSYN

Euphrosyn revocta (Euphrosyn recalled [called back])
PART I
When the herald (announcer) entered, Haterius asked whether or not he had driven away a
female philosopher. He threatened the greatest punishments to him. Frightened by the words
of his master, the herald (announcer) grew pale; with the whole matter have been told, he
begged mercy.
The herald: Master, forgive me! I did not know how much you favoured philosophers. That
female philosopher, whom not knowing (unaware) I drove away, has set out to the river in
order that she might embark on (board) a ship.
Haterius: Go away at once, blockhead (idiot)! Hurry to the Tiber! Do not ever come back
(return) except (unless) with the female philosopher!
Having gone out from the home, the herald (announcer) hurried through the streets. When he
had arrived at the river, he caught sight of Euphrosyn about to embark (board) onto a ship.
He called (called out) her with a loud voice. With her name having been heard, Euphrosyn
stood her ground (stood firm, halted, stopped).
The herald: Forgive me, most learned (educated) Euphrosyn! Do not depart! It is necessary
for you to proceed with me to the home of Haterius.
Euphrosyn: Why are you recalling me (calling me back)? All philosophers are hateful to
Haterius, as you yourself have said. Therefore now I am returning (going back) to Athens.
Good bye (farewell)!
Then the herald (announcer), with tears pouring out (bursting into tears), repeatedly begged
her lest she should depart. For a long time Euphrosyn persisted; at last (finally), having been
moved by his prayers and tears, she went back (returned) to the home of Haterius.

cna Hateri (the dinner of Haterius)

At the ninth hour [approx. 3 p.m.] the friends and clients, whom Haterius had invited in order
that they might celebrate his birthday with him, were entering the dinning-room. Among
them were here (present) the sons of the freedmen who having been born in a place of low
class had received (obtained) great monies (wealth). Several senators were also here
(present) who having been crushed with poverty were seeking (begging for, asking for) the
favour of Haterius.
The consul (senior magistrate) Titus Flvius Sabnus, a man of the highest authority, was lying
down (reclining) next to Haterius. In the hope of favour, Haterius was addressing Sabnus with
flattering and soft (gentle) words. He himself was wearing golden (gilded gold-plated, made of
gold) rings which [lit. who] were shining with gems (jewels); he was picking his teeth with a
tooth pick made of silver.
Meanwhile two Ethiopians entered the dining-room. They were carrying a huge dish, in which
a whole boar had been placed. At once the cook, who had followed the female Ethiopians into
the dining-room, advanced to the dish in order that he might carve the boar. With the boar
having been skilfully carved, many birds at once flew out, chirping sweetly. When they had

seen what the cook had prepared, the guests loudly praised the art (skill) of his. With which
thing having been delighted (pleased), Haterius ordered his slaves that they should bring in
the wine-jars of Falernian wine. With the wine-jars having been brought in, the steward recited
in a loud voice the labels which had been fastened onto [i.e. the wine-jars], Falernian
belonging to Haterius, one hundred year old wine [lit. wine one hundred of years]! Then the
slaves began to pour the wine into the wine-cups.
With the guests very happily drinking, Haterius demanded (asked for) silence. Smiling
(laughing) he snapped (clicked) his fingers. With the signal having been given two
trumpeters appeared in the threshold (doorway). They blew the trumpets loudly. Then Eryllus
led Euphrosyn into the dining-room. As soon as they saw her, the guests admired very much
the beauty (appearance) of hers.
Haterius smiling (laughing) asked Euphrosyn that she should sit down with him on the couch.
Then he addressed the guests.
This girl, he said boasting (boastfully), is an extremely learned (educated) female
philosopher, by name Euphrosyn. At my instruction (order) she has come here from Athens,
where the most famous (well-known) philosophers live. We must hear (listen to) her carefully
(diligently)!
Then having turned to her, he said, It pleases us, my dear Euphrosyn, to learn something of
philosophy by you.

philosophia (philosophy)
Euphrosyn spoke to (addressed) the guests, who were watching eagerly, thus (in this way):
First, I must tell a short (brief) story. Once (some time ago) there was a poor man who had a
small farm, an excellent wife, (and) very dear children. He was accustomed to work hard
(energetically) on the farm in order that he might provide food for himself and his [family].
Obviously he was mad (insane), shouted Apollnius, who was an extremely lazy man.
Nobody except a mad [man] works.
To whom Euphrosyn replied in a calm (clear) voice, But all must work. Even (also) they who
give dinners for magistrates (elected officials) in the hope of support, they in fact (truly)
work.
With which [thing] having been heard, Haterius blushed; the others (the rest), having been
amazed (stunned) by the words of Euphrosyn, were silent (quiet). Then Euphrosyn said,
The poor man neither ate nor drank too much. In all parts of [his] life he tried to be
temperate (self-controlled).
The senator Lucius Baebius Crispus shouted, Obviously he was a miser. We must not praise
but blame that poor man. Our Haterius however is fit to be very greatly praised because he
always offers (provides) expensive (lavish) dinners for [his] friends.
All applauded (clapped) this opinion of Baebius. With the applause having been heard, [and]
having forgotten of philosophy, Haterius ordered [his] slaves that they should offer more wine
[lit. of wine] to the guests. Euphrosyn however added these words: But the poor man
suffered (endured) many misfortunes. For he lost [his] wife and children, having been afflicted
by an extremely serious illness; he lost [his] farm, having been pulled apart (ransacked) by
soldiers; finally (lastly), having been crushed with poverty and having been led away into
slavery, he himself lost [his] freedom. Nevertheless, because he was Stoic [i.e. a believer in
Stoic philosophy], he always suffered (endured) misfortunes [lit. hostile, unfavourable things]
calmly (with a calm mind). At last having been worn out (exhausted) by old age and works
(labours), he died peacefully. That poor man, whom men thought (considered) most miserable
(wretched, sad), was in fact (truly, really) lucky.
The astonished Haterius said, Surely you do not think (consider) him lucky who has suffered
(endured) so many misfortunes?
But before Euphrosyn replied to him, the consul (senior magistrate) Sabinus said, Enough of
philosophy! Come on my dear Euphrosyn give a kiss to me, or rather many kisses.
The drunk Rabrius Maximus however, who when he had heard these [words] got up (rose)
[and] said, Wicked [man], do not touch her!
Having spoken these [words], he threw in onto the face of Sabnus a wine-cup full with wine.
At once the thing came to a fight. Wine-cups were thrown; tables were overturned; togas were
torn (torn up). Some were helping (were coming to help) Sabnus, others were helping

(coming to help) Rabrius. Haterius was running here and there (up and down); he was trying
in vain to settle the strife.
Euphrosyn however, having advanced to the door of the dining-room with a calm (clear)
expression (face), spoke to (addressed) the fighting guests in this way: Look Romans, the
masters of the world [lit. the globe of the ground, land], [and] the slaves of the stomach [lit.
womb] and of Venus!
With which words having been said, she set out to the Tiber river in order that she might
search for (look for) a ship.

Stage 33: PANTOMMUS

Tychicus
A play was being acted in the garden of Haterius. Paris, an extremely well-known (famous)
dancer (mime), was imitating (miming) the death of Queen Dido. Many spectators were here
(present) who had been invited by Vitellia, the wife of Haterius.
Paris was imitating (miming) with extremely tasteful (elegant) and suitable movements the
pain (grief) of the dying queen. When at last (finally) he had fallen down as if dead, all the
spectators repeatedly applauded having been affected with admiration. Some were throwing
flowers; others were calling Paris a god. Paris got up (rose) in order that he might receive the
applause of the spectators.
But before he could do more, a certain man with short height and a severe (strict) expression
(face) having advanced demanded (asked for) silence in a great voice. With their eyes
having been turned onto him at once, the spectators were asking who he was and what he
wanted. A few recognised him. He was a Jew, Tychicus by name, a client of Titus Flvius
Clmns. Paris himself was so much (so greatly) amazed (stunned) by the play having been
interrupted that he was standing still (motionless). He completely did not know about (was
unaware) what Tychicus was about to do (was going to do).
[You(p)] Hear (listen), oh wicked ones! shouted Tychicus. You(p) evil ones worship this
man as a god. However there are no gods except one! One God alone must be (is fit to be)
worshipped! This true God whom very many do not know (are unaware), I now declare
(proclaim) to you(p)!
The spectators began to murmur. Some asked whether Tychicus was making jokes or was mad
(insane); others summoned (sent for) the slaves who might throw him out from the garden.
But Tychicus persisted.
God, as our prophets foretold (predicted) for us, was made man and lived among us, He
healed (cured) the sick; he proclaimed (preached) the good news (gospel); he promised
eternal life to us. Then having been nailed (fastened) on a cross, he died and was placed in a
tomb. But on the third day he rose again and was seen alive (living) by his disciples
(followers). Then he rose into the sky (heaven), and where he now reigns and he will reign
forever.
While Tychicus is declaring (proclaiming) these words, with the sign (signal) having been
given, the slaves of Vitellia arrested (seized) him. They dragged him from the home shouting
in a great voice:
Soon our Master, the king of glory, will come back (return) to us; he will come down from
heaven with the sound of trumpets, with a great number of angels accompanying. And he will
judge the living and the dead. We Christians, if we shall have lived a pure life and if we shall
have trusted (believed, had faith in) him, we shall rise to heaven. There we shall always be in
eternal peace with our Master. But you, Paris, son of the devil, unless you will have stopped
with your sins, you will pay the penalty (be punished). There will be no escape. For flames,
having been sent from heaven, will devour (eat up) you and all the wicked.
When he had proclaimed (preached) which words, with many blows having been received,
Tychicus was thrown out from the home. Very many of the spectators were loudly mocking
(jeering at) him; a few however, especially the slaves and the freedmen (ex-slaves), were
silent, because they themselves were Christians.

in aul Domitin (in the palace of Domitian)

PART I
On a small (little) stage, which had been built in the main room (hall) of the palace of
Domitian, Paris was acting a play about the love of Mars and of Venus. At the same time a
dwarf, Myropnous by name, a pipe player and also a friend of Paris, was playing on the pipes
sweetly. Not any spectators were here (present) except Domitia Augusta, the wife of the
Emperor Domitian, who had Paris among her closest friends. With her eyes having been
fixed on him she was closely (carefully) watching the play. So extraordinary, so skilful was the
art of his that Domitia was hardly (scarcely, with difficulty) able to hold back her tears.
Suddenly a slave, Olympus by name, whom Domitia had ordered to guard the door of the
main room (hall), entered.
Mistress, he said, I have just (now, only) caught sight of Epaphrodtus, the freed man of
Augustus [i.e. of the Emperor], crossing the courtyard, with ten accompanying soldiers. Soon
he will enter here (this place).
With which words having been heard, having turned to Domitia Paris smiled (laughed).
Paris: My darling! How lucky you are! Epaphrodtus himself, the freed man of Augustus, wants
to visit you.
Domitia: (having been moved, alarmed, excited, distressed, upset by the arrival of
Epaphrodtus) My dear Paris, it is dangerous for you to stay (remain) here. You are hateful to
Epaphrodtus! If that one [i.e. he] will have found you among me, you will certainly pay the
penalty (be punished). He will order the soldiers to hurl (throw) you into the prison. Run away
(flee)!
Paris: Why must one run away (flee)? I fear not at all that parrot of Domitian.
Domitia: But I am very much afraid (I fear very fear much). For Epaphrodtus is also an
enemy for me. On his order, my rooms are often looked at (inspected, examined, searched);
my letters are read; my slave-girls are questioned every day. His power is not less than that
of the Emperor himself.
Paris: My dove, end (cease) to be afraid (fear)! That little man will not take (catch, capture)
me. I shall go away for a short while.
Having spoken these words, he quickly climbed on the nearest pillar (column) and having
gone out through the compluvium [i.e. opening in the roof] he hid himself in the ceiling (roof).
Myropnous also (too) decided to hide himself. He placed (put) himself behind the tapestry
(wall-hanging) which was hanging from (down from) a heavy pole. Domitia on the other hand,
who although she had been terrified she remained (stayed) on the couch with a composed
(steady) expression (face), ordered Olympus that he should recite some verses (lines of
poetry).

PART II
With Olympus reciting, Epaphrodtus entered. Ten soldiers were accompanying him.
Epaphrodtus: Where is that dancer (mime) whom shameless you love? Where have you
hidden him?
Domitia: I do not understand your words. I am alone (on my own), as you see. This slave is
delighting (pleasing) me with verses (lines of poetry), not Paris.
Epaphrodtus: (having turned to the soldiers) [You(p)] Search for (look for) Paris! [You(p)]
Hurry! [You(p)] Look at (inspect, examine, search) all the rooms!
The soldiers therefore very carefully looked at (inspected, examined, searched) the rooms, but
in vain. They were able to find Paris nowhere [i.e. unable to find him anywhere].

Epaphrodtus:
Blockheads (idiots)! If Paris shall have escaped, you(p) will pay the penalty
(be punished). Why have you(p) not looked at (inspected, examined, searched) the ceiling
(roof). [You(p)] Bring ladders!
When she had heard which words, Domitia grew pale. Myropnous however, who was looking
out cautiously through the tapestry, had an extremely bold (daring) idea (made an extremely
bold [daring] plan). He began to move the tapestry gently with his hand. Soon suspicious
Epaphrodtus sees the movement of the tapestry while he is looking around the main room
(hall).
Epaphrodtus: Look! The tapestry is being moved! I have found the hiding place of Paris!
Now I shall take (catch, capture) him.
With which words having been said, Epaphrodtus hurled himself at the tapestry with great
uproar. When Epaphrodtus approached, Myropnous not at all disturbed (alarmed) pulled down
the tapestry with great force (violence). The tapestry (wall-hanging) fell down, and the pole
fell down. Having been entangled in the tapestry and at the same time having been struck by
the pole, Epaphrodtus fell down unconscious. Myropnous exulting (being triumphant) began
to play on the pipes.
Domitia, who had recovered herself now from the panic, turned to the soldiers having
returned with the ladders into the main room (hall). She ordered them to drag out (pull out,
take out) Epaphrodtus. With the soldiers dragging him out (pulling out, taking out) Myropnous
placed an as [i.e. a small coin] onto his lips [lit. of him] as if of the dead. At last (finally) Paris
looking down through the compluvium [i.e. opening in the roof] said goodbye to Epaphrodtus
in this way: Here lies Tiberius Claudius Epaphrodtus, the freed man of Augustus, having been
laid low (flatten) by a pole.

Stage 34: LBERTUS

ulti Epaphrodt (the revenge of Epaphrodtus)
Having been tricked (outwitted) by Paris and Domitia, Epaphrodtus wanted to take revenge
on them very violently. Having been moved (alarmed, excited, distressed, upset) with anger
and suspicion, the Emperor also was often encouraging (urging) Epaphrodtus that he should
punish Paris and Domitia. It was difficult however for Epaphrodtus to openly accuse Domitia,
the wife of the Emperor, and Paris, the extremely well-known dancer (mime). He therefore
sought (begged for, asked for) help from his friend Salvius.
Epaphrodtus said, Not only I but also the Emperor wants to punish Domitia and Paris. If you
will have helped me in this thing (matter), a big (large, great) prize (reward, profit) will be
given to you.
With the thing (matter) having been considered for a short while, Salvius replied peacefully:
Trust (put trust) me, my dear friend; I shall look after (manage) the whole thing (matter) for
you. A trap (an ambush) will be prepared; Domitia and Paris will be lured (enticed) into the
trap (ambush); both will be taken (caught, captured) and punished.
What will happen to Domitia? asked Epaphrodtus.
Domitia will be accused; she will be condemned; perhaps she will be exiled.
And Paris?
Salvius smiled (laughed).
He will be moved (cleared away).

nsidiae (the trap [ambush])

PART I
In a few days after Domitia called her slave-girl, by name Chion, to herself.
She said, I have just (now, only) accepted (taken in, received) a letter having been sent by
Vitellia, the wife of Haterius. Oh no! Vitellia has fallen into a serious illness. I must visit her
at once. I want you to prepare everything.
Then Chion, having gone out from the bedroom of her mistress, ordered the litter to be
prepared and the slaves to be summoned (to be sent for). Also she searched for (looked for) a
doctor who might prepare certain medicines (ointments, drugs) for Vitellia. Then Domitia
having been carried by litter, with her slaves and slave-girl accompanying, set out for the

home of Haterius. It was difficult for them to advance through the streets because the night
was dark and it was raining much.
When they had reached (arrived at) the home of Haterius, they found the door opened. With
the slaves having been left outside the door, Domitia entered with Chion. An extraordinary
(strange, marvellous) show (spectacle) met them (was presented to them) entering. The main
room (hall) had been decorated (elaborately furnished) splendidly (magnificently): lamps were
shining everywhere, garlands (wreaths) of roses were hanging from (down from, about) all the
pillars (columns). But the main room (hall) had been completely deserted. Then the women,
having entered the dining-room, also saw it deserted. In the middle however an expensive
(lavish) dinner had been placed (put): the tables had been heaped with special dishes, the
wine-cups were full with excellent wine. With which things having been seen, the slave-girl
said in a fearful (frightened) voice: We must beware. Something of extraordinary is being
done here.
Perhaps Vitellia was affected by the illness while she was dining. With doubt she is lying in
the bedroom now, replied Domitia, not knowing (unaware) of the trap (ambush) which
Salvius had prepared.

PART II
And so Domitia began to advance through the deserted home, with her slave-girl following
nervously (fearfully). When she had reached (arrived at) at the bedroom where Vitellia was
accustomed to sleep, she stood her ground (stood firm, halted, stopped) in the threshold
(doorway). The bedroom was dark. She sent back Chion to the dining-room who might bring
a lamp. She was waiting for a long time in the silence of the night until her slave-girl might
return (came back). This one however did not return (come back). At last Domitia impatient
for the delay burst into the bedroom. It was empty. Then at last (only then) she was disturbed
(alarmed) with great panic. The darkness, the silence, the absence of the slave-girl, all these
things seemed to be signs (evidences) of danger. Obviously the letter was false (untrue,
dishonest)!
Domitia decided to go back (return) to the palace as quickly as possible before something of
evil (bad) happened to herself. While she is running away (fleeing) through the empty main
room (hall), she was terrified suddenly by the voice of a man.
Hello, my darling! Have you also been invited to dinner?
Then she recognised the voice.
My dear Paris, she said, A trap (an ambush), not dinner, has been prepared for us. We must
escape, while we are able (we can).

exitium (ruin, destruction)

PART I
With Domitia saying these words, Myropnous, who had accompanied his master, hurried
to the door. He looked out cautiously. Look! The whole street was full with Praetorian soldiers
[i.e. soldiers belonging to the Emperors bodyguard]. Neither the litter, nor the slave-girl, nor
the slaves were able (could) to be seen anywhere.
Having returned to the main room (hall) Myropnous shouted Its all over with us, were done
for! [lit. it is done about us] The Praetorians are approaching! Soon they will enter here (to
this place)!
With this having been thought (considered) however, Paris said Do not despair (give up)! I
have a plan (an idea). Myropnous, you must guard the door. Prevent the soldiers to enter. If
they will have taken (caught, captured) me or Domitia in this place, they will certainly kill us.
We must try to slip out (escape) through a back gate.
Myropnous therefore hurried to shut (close, block) the door. With which thing having been
done, he began to drag hastily (quickly) into the passage (entrance-way) the chairs from the
main room (hall), and the couches (beds) from the nearest bedrooms. In a short time a huge
pyre was built.
When they had caught sight of the shut (closed, blocked) door, the Praetorian soldiers
hesitating stood their ground (stood firm, halted, stopped). But the tribune [i.e. high-ranking
officer] ordered the door to be broken down lest Paris and Domitia should escape. At once the
door was being hit (knock at) with axes. When he heard the sound of the hittings Myropnous
burned (set on fire, set fire to) the pyre. He carried an amphora of oil from the kitchen with

which he might increase the flames. Then with the pyre blazing, he hurried to follow his
friends.

PART II
When they reached (arrived at) the back gate, Paris and Domitia found two soldiers having
been placed (put) there. Whom when they had seen these, although Domitia was despairing
(giving up) completely about their safety (health), Paris showed (displayed) himself
extremely bold (daring) and extremely clever (cunning, shrewd) in this crisis. For with Domitia
having been hidden not far off, he himself having advanced boldly through the back gate he
showed himself to the soldiers. Then as if running away (fleeing), he ran back into the garden.
At once the soldiers shouted: Look Paris! Paris is trying to escape!
With the soldiers following, Paris was rushing through the garden now here and now there.
He hid himself behind the statues and was mocking (jeering at) the soldiers in a flattering
voice. Those ones uncertain where the dancer (mime) was, they were following the voice of
Paris around the garden.
At last Paris heard the sound of the other (the rest) of the soldiers bursting into the home. At
the orders of the tribune [i.e. high-ranking officer] the flames were extinguished quickly. In a
short time the whole home was full with soldiers. At last (finally) Paris understood how much
danger he was in but even then he despaired (gave up) not at all.
In the garden middle stood an extremely old tree which hung over the roof of the home. As
soon as the soldiers entered the garden, Paris climbed the tree. From here he tried to jump
onto the roof. He jumped, but the tiles of the roof were slippery. For a short time he stood on
the edge of the roof; then he fell headlong to the ground.
Meanwhile Domitia, who had gone out through the back gate with no one seeing, remained
(stayed) near the house while (until) Paris might come to herself. However with the body of his
having fallen, the crash was so great that it even arrived at the ears of Domitia. Who out of
her mind (in a frenzy) with fear and careless (taking no notice of) her life, she turned back
(returned) into the garden. When she saw the body of Paris lying on the ground, having been
overcome with pain (grief) she hurled (threw) herself onto him and gave many kisses to him.
Goodbye, my darling, good bye!
The tribune [i.e. high-ranking officer] approached (went up to her). He ordered Domitia to
be escorted to the palace. He himself brought back (carried, delivered) the having been cut
off head of the dancer (mime) to Epaphrodtus.

honrs (honours, public positions)

Epaphrodtus went to meet Salvius entering the palace. He received him politely
(courteously).
Epaphrodtus:
My dear Salvius, what sort of artist you are! That dancer (mime) has been
killed by your art (skill). Domitia has been exiled from Italy by your art (skill). The Emperor,
affected with the highest (greatest) joy, has ordered an extremely splendid show (spectacle)
to be given in the amphitheatre Flavius [i.e. the Colosseum]. Tomorrow a festival day will be
celebrated by all the citizens; boys and girls will decorate the images (statues) of the gods
with garlands (wreathe) of flowers; the priests will offer sacrifices; a huge crowd of citizens will
accompany the Emperor to the temple of Jove, where that one (i.e. he) will give thanks to
the immortal gods. Soon the senators will advance to the senate-house in festival clothes and
they will congratulate Domitian. Come with me! We must not delay. For the Emperor is waiting
for us. He has promised an honorary praetorship [i.e. honorary rank of praetor] for me, for you
a consulship [i.e. rank of consul].
Salvius: He has promised a consulship [i.e. rank of consul] for me? How lucky I am!
Epaphrodtus: Come! We should (ought to, must) give thanks to the Emperor.
With Epaphrodtus and Salvius having gone out in order that they might greet the Emperor,
Myropnous crawled out of his hiding-place. Now at last (finally) he understood who was the
person responsible [lit. the author] of the ruin (destruction) of Paris. With tears pouring out
(bursting into tears) he lamented (mourned, grieved) the unworthy (undeserved) death of
his friend. With his hands having been raised to the sky (heaven) the name of Salvius was

cursed. Then out of his mind (in a frenzy) he broke his pipes, having spoken these words:
I shall never again play the pipes until Salvius perishes [lit. Salvius will have died].