clap

switch
Topic-

{ Converts the sound

signal into electrical energy }

HEPHZIBA VARGHESE
X11 - D

NO
1

TOPIC
AIM

PG NO.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS REQUIRED

4,5

BASIC PRINCIPLE

BLOCK DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT COMPENANTS

8,9

PROCEDURE

10,11

OBSERVATION

10

PRECAUTIONS

11

CONCLUSION

14

12

BIBLIOGRAPHY

15

12
13

To prepare a clap switch, that converts

a sound signal into electrical energy.

I would like to express my sincere

gratitude to my chemistry teacher
Mr. jeneesh joseph , for his vital
support guidance and
encouragement without which this
project would not have come forth.

INTRODUCTION
This is a circuit that can be used to
turn a device on and off by sound
only, hand clapping, whistling etc. the
basic idea of clap switch is that the
electrical microphone picks up the
sound of your claps, coughs and the
sound of of that book knocked off the
table. The operation of the circuit is
simple. If we clap the lamp turns on
and to switch it off clap again . It
produces a small electrical signal
which is amplified by the succeeding
transistor stage. Two transistors cross
connected as a bi-stable multi
vibrator change state at each signal.
One of these transistors drives a
heavier transistor which controls a
lamp. This circuit can switch on and
off a light, a fan or radio etc by the
sound of a clap

When triggered, the circuit will stay in

the on or off condition till it is
triggered again. This circuit is
constructed using basic electronic
components like resistors, battery
condenser mic , led, capacitors. This
circuit turns ON light for the first
clap. The light turns ON till the next
clap. For the next clap the light turns
OFF. It is generally used for light,
television, radio or similar electronic
device that the person can turn on or
off even without going close to it.

The basic principle of this clap switch

circuit is that it converts sound signal
into electrical energy. The input
component is a transducer that receives
clap sound as input and converts it to
electrical pulse. The basic idea of clap
switch is that the electric microphone
picks up the sound of your claps, coughs,
and the sound of that book knocked off
the table. It produces a small electrical
signal which is amplified by the
succeeding transistor stage. transistors
cross connected as a bi-stable multi
vibrator change state at each signal. One
of these transistors drives a heavier

transistor which controls a lamp. when

we clap our hands , the sound is received
by by AUDIO AMPLIFIER. Here the given
sound signal is converted into electrical
signal and then amplified by using
transistors. Here through the circuit we
make we shall glow a led.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Circuit COMPONENTS
RESISTORSResistors are the most common passive electronic
component (one that does notrequire power to operate). They
are used to control voltages and currents. While a resistor is
avery basic component, there are many ways to manufacture
them. Each style has its owncharacteristics that make it
desirable in certain types of applications. Choosing the right type
ofresistor is important to making high-performance or precision
circuits work well. This bonus chaptercovers the resistor types
and helps with picking the right one for your project. All resistors
are basically just a piece of conducting material with a specific
value of resistance. For that piece of conducting material to be
made into a practical resistor, a pair of electrodes and leads are
attached so current can flow. The resistor is then coated with an
insulating material to protect the conducting material from the
surrounding environment and vice versa. There are several
different resistor construction methods and body styles (or
packages) that are designed for a certain range of applied

voltage, power dissipation, or other considerations. The

construction of the resistor can affect its performance at high
frequencies where it may act like a small inductor or capacitor
has been added, called parasitic inductance or capacitance.The
resistors used here is 1k , 4.7 k and 470 ohm.

CAPACITORS Capacitor has ability to store charge and

releasethem at a later time. Capacitance is the
measure of theamount of charge that a capacitor can
store for a givenapplied voltage. The unit of
capacitance is the farad (F) ormicrofarad. The
capacitors used in the circuit areelectrolyticcapacitor.In the circuit the electrolytic capacitor is used
as a bypass capacitor. Any noise variation inthe circuit
is removed by the capacitor. 100uf is used here

BATTERY In electricity, a battery is a device consisting

of one or more electrochemical cells that convert
stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Since
the invention of the first battery (or "voltaic pile") in
1800 by Alessandro Volta and especially since the
technically improved Daniel cell in 1836, batteries
have become a common power source for many
household and industrial applications. According to a
2005 estimate, the worldwide battery a industry
generates US$48 billion in sales each year, with 6%
annual growth There are two types of batteries:
primary batteries (disposable batteries), which
aredesigned to be used once and discarded, and
secondary batteries (rechargeable batteries),which are
designed to be recharged and used multiple times.
Batteries come in many sizes,from miniature cells used
to power hearing aids and wristwatches to battery
banks the size ofrooms that provide standby power for
telephone exchanges and computer data centres.

TRANSISTORA transistor is a semiconductor device

used to amplify and switch electronic signalsand

electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor

material with at least three terminalsfor
connection to an external circuit. A voltage or
current applied to one pair of thetransistors
terminals changes the current flowing through
another pair of terminals. Becausethe controlled
(output) power can be higher than the controlling
(input) power, a transistorcan amplify a signal.
Today, some transistors are packaged individually,
but many more arefound embedded in integrated
circuits
ic An integrated circuit (IC), sometimes called
a chip or microchip, is a semiconductor wafer on which
thousands or millions of tiny resistors, capacitors,
and transistors are fabricated. An IC can function as
an amplifier, oscillator, timer, counter,
computer memory, or microprocessor. A particular IC is
categorized as either linear (analog) or digital, depending
on its intended application
LEDA light-emitting diode (LED) is a twolead semiconductor light source. It is a basic pnjunction diode, which emits light when activated.[7] When
a suitablevoltage is applied to the leads, electrons are
able to recombine with electron holes within the device,
releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is
called electroluminescence, and the color of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is
determined by the energy band gap of the
semiconductor

PROCEDURE
Connect all the components as shown in the figure.
First place the resistor of 4.7k resistance and then of 1k and then
2 resistors of 47o ohm and 47 k and the place 2 transistor of
BC547AND CAPACITOR OF 1oonf. After this place an led bulb.
Capacitor of 1oomf.condensor mic and a battery cap. And then to
give current to the circuit place a battery of volt 9.

Now we shall place all these in this pcB board after drawing this
diagram on while placing a capacitor of 1oomf which has two
terminals the bigger one is positive and the smaller is negative.
the big one will come towards the end side.

Now we will place a condenser mic. which has two terminals .in
which the bigger one is positive and he smaller one is negative.
The positive terminal will come towards the upper side. Led has
two terminals the bigger one is positive and the smaller one is
negative. The bigger one will come to the upper side. After
placing a 470 0hm resistance, we will place an 555 IC In which
the cutted end will be towards the left. After placing all these we
shall do the soldering but before that we will remove the
condenser mic. We shall join the 2nd wire of transistor to the
resistance wire 4.7 k . now join the resistance R1 wire t o the
first wire of the transistor. Resistors r 2 wire to the first wire of
transistor t2. Now join the capacitor wire to the two wires of t2
and r2.now r3 wire to the capacitor wire. Transistor wire to third
wire of ic.resistancer4 wire to 7th wire of IC. Now solder the 6th
and 7th wire of IC. Now join ICs 2nd wire to the capacitors wire c1.
Now join c3 1oonf to ICs 5th wire. Now join ICs 8th wire to its 4th
wire and this 4th and 8th wire should be joined to the resistance
Rs 47 k.

Now place the condenser mic.

Join the condensers wire to the wire of resistance.r1 4.7k. now

we will place one wire to the negative side of battery cap which
will be attached to the positive side of mic to the ik and r2 470
0hm and to 47 k and to 4.7 k.and join rs 4.7k and t1BC 547 and
this should be joined to rs 470 ohm.Now we shall place another
wire at the corner side which will be then attached to the rs 4.7k
and then to the two transistorsT1 and T2 and then to capacitor
c2 and then to capacitor c1

Now we shall join the ic wire to the wire given below. (Negative

terminal wire)

Then to this wire we will join the wire of led. Now the battery
cap, as it has two terminal red and black colored. In which the
red is positive and the black 0one is negative. The red i.e.
Positive will come towards the upper side and negative i.e. The
black one will and black towards the bottom

now we shall place a 9 volt battery to it. As soon as we place a

battery as the circuit gets

complete and as we clap the bulb glows.
we can check this once again by removing the battery and
placing it again.

ADVANTAGES
1. The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired
person.
2. We can turn something (e.g. a lamp) on and off from any location in the
room (e.g. while lying in the bed) simply by clapping our hands.
3. Low cost and reliable circuit.
4. Complete elimination of man power
.5. Energy

efficient

FUTURE SCOPE
We can increase the range of this
equipment by using better Mic.

We can use this as Remote Controller.

DISADVATAGES
1. It is generally cumbersome to have to clap ones hands to
turn something on or off and it is generally seen as simpler for
most use cases to use a traditional light switch.

2. Unless we use a filter in the circuit , it is not that

advantageous. So that circuit activates only for clap of particular
frequencies and then it becomes accurate.

APPLICATIONS
1. Clap activated switch device will serve well in different phono-

controlled applications.
2. Clap switch is generally used for a light, television, radio or similar
electronic device that the person will want to turn on/off from bed.
3. This circuit functions on using the sound energy provided by the clap
which is converted into electrical energy by condenser microphone .
Using this converted electrical energy which is used to turn on relay (an
electronic switch).
4. The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired
person.
5. The major advantage of a clap switch is that you can turn something
(e.g. a lamp) on and off from any location in the room(e.g. while ON
bed)simply by clapping your hands.

6. The major disadvantage is that its generally cumbersome to have to

clap ones hands to turn something on or off and its generally seen as
simpler for most use cases to use a traditional light switch.

THE BULB GLOWS AS SOON AS THE CIRCUIT GETS

COMPLETE AND A CLAP SOUND IS GIVEN.

 The mic should be removed before

soldering is started.
components in the circuit should be
as instructed.
Unnecessary disturbances should
not be there while giving the first
clap.

The clap activated switching device

function properly by responding to both
hand claps at about three to four meter
away and finger tap sound at very close
range, since both are low frequency
sounds and produce the same pulse wave
features. The resulting device is
realizable, has good reliability and its
relatively inexpensive. Assemble the
circuit on a general-purpose PCB and
enclose it in a suitable box. This circuit is
very useful in field of electronic circuits.
By using some modification it area of
application can be extended in various
fields. It can be used to raised alarm in
security system with a noise ,and also
used at the place where silence needed.

We constructed the circuit as per circuit

diagram . And we verified the clap switch
circuit. i.e when sound occurs near by the
circuit the led in the circuit glows and for
the second clap in off condition.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Websites :
http://www.sciencedirect.com

http://www.helpguide.org/

http://wwwlibrarythinkquest.org/
BOOKS REFFERED

Class xii physics laboratory manual