Key Formulas(MENSURATION)

Length of a Diagonal of a Cube

d 3s2 = s3, wheres is the length of one edge of the cube.

Length of a Diagonal of a Rectangular Solid

d=

, wherel is the length, w is the width, and h is the height of the rectangular solid.

Surface Area of a Cube

Surface Area =6s2, where s is the length of one edge.

Surface Area of a Rectangular Solid

Surface Area = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh, where l is the length, w is the width, and h is the height.

Surface Area of a Cylinder

Surface Area = 2r2 + 2rh, where r is the radius and h is the height.

Surface Area of a Sphere

Surface Area = 4r2, where r is the radius.

Lateral Surface Area of a Cone

Lateral Surface Area = rl, where r is the radius of the base and l is the cones lateral height.

Total Surface Area of a Cone

Surface Area = r2 + rl, where r is the radius of the base, and l is the cones lateral height.

Volume of a Cube
Volume =s3, where s is the length of one edge.

Volume of a Rectangular Solid

Volume =lwh, where l is the length, w is the width, and h is the height.

Volume of a Prism

Volume =Bh, where B is the area of the base, and h is the height.

Volume of a Cylinder
Volume = r2h, where r is the radius of the circular base and h is the cylinders height.

Volume of a Cone
Volume = 1/3 r2h, where r is the radius and h is the height.

Volume of a Pyramid
Volume =1/3Bh, where B is the area of the base and h is the height.

Volume of a Sphere
Volume =4/3 r3, where r is the radius.

Key Formulas
Pythagorean Theorem
a2 + b2 = c2, where a and b are the lengths of the legs of a right triangle, and c is the length of the
hypotenuse.

Area of a Triangle
Area = 1/2 bh, where b is the length of the base and h is height.

Sum of the Interior Angles of a Polygon

The sum of the interior angles of a polygon is (n 2)180, where n is the number of sides in the
polygon.

Area of a Trapezoid
Area = s1 + s2 / 2 , h h, where s1 and s2 are the lengths of the bases of the trapezoid, and h is the
height.

Area of a Parallelogram, Rectangle, and Rhombus

Area = bh, where b is the length of the base, and h is the height.

Area of a Square

Area = s2, where s is the length of a side of the square.

Circumference of a Circle
Circumference = 2r, where r is the radius of the circle.

Arc Length
Arc Length = n/ 360o 2r, where n is the measure of the degree of the arc, and r is the radius of
the circle.

Area of a Circle
Area = r2, where r is the radius of the circle.

Area of a Sector
Area of Sector = n/ 360o r2, where n is the measure of the central angle which forms the
boundary of the sector, and r is the radius of the circle.

Key Formulas (CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY)

Distance in the Coordinate Plane
if youre measuring the distance between the points (x1, y1) and (x2,

Distance =
y2).

Distance in the Coordinate Space Distance

if youre measuring the distance between the points (x1,

Distance =
y1, z1) and (x2, y2, z2).

Midpoint between Two Points

Midpoint = (

where the endpoints of a line segment are (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).

Point-Slope Form of the Equation of a Line

y y1 = m(x x1), where m is the slope of the line, and (x1, y1) is a point on the line.

Slope-Intercept Form of the Equation of a Line

y = mx + b, where m is the slope of the line, and b is the y-intercept of the line. Both m and b are
constants.

Slope of a Line
Slope =

, where two points on the line are (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).

Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle

(x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2, where (h, k) is the center of the circle, and r is the radius. When centered
at the origin, the equation simplifies to x2 + y2 = r2.

Standard Form of the Equation of a Parabola

y = a(x h)2 + k, where a, h, and kare constants.

Pythagorean Identities
sin(2x) = 2 sin x cos x
cos(2x) = cos^2(x) - sin^2(x) = 2 cos^2(x) - 1 = 1 - 2 sin^2(x)
tan(2x) = 2 tan(x) / (1 - tan^2(x))
sin^2(x) = 1/2 - 1/2 cos(2x)
cos^2(x) = 1/2 + 1/2 cos(2x)
sin x - sin y = 2 sin( (x - y)/2 ) cos( (x + y)/2 )
cos x - cos y = -2 sin( (x - y)/2 ) sin( (x + y)/2 )
LAW OF COSINES

c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab cos(C)

b^2 = a^2 + c^2 - 2ac cos(B)
a^2 = b^2 + c^2 - 2bc cos(A)
LAW OF TANGENT
(a - b)/(a + b) = tan [(A-B)/2] / tan [(A+B)/2]

Polygon Formulas
(N = # of sides and S = length from center to a corner)
Area of a regular polygon = (1/2) N sin(360/N) S2
Sum of the interior angles of a polygon = (N - 2) x 180
The number of diagonals in a polygon = 1/2 N(N-3)
The number of triangles (when you draw all the diagonals from one vertex) in a polygon = (N 2)

square = a 2

rectangle = ab

parallelogram = bh

trapezoid = h/2 (b1 + b2)

circle = pi r 2

triangle =

equilateral triangle =

one half times the base length times the

height of the triangle

triangle given SAS (two sides and the opposite angle)

= (1/2) a b sin C
triangle given a,b,c = [s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)] when s = (a+b+c)/2 (Heron's formula)

POLYNOMIAL IDENTITIES
(a+b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
(a+b)(c+d) = ac + ad + bc + bd
a 2 - b 2 = (a+b)(a-b) (Difference of squares)
a 3 b 3 = (a b)(a 2 ab + b 2) (Sum and Difference of Cubes)
x 2 + (a+b)x + AB = (x + a)(x + b)
if ax 2 + bx + c = 0 then x = ( -b

(b 2 - 4ac) ) / 2a (Quadratic Formula)

Powers
x a x b = x (a + b)
x a y a = (xy) a
(x a) b = x (ab)
x (a/b) = bth root of (x a) = ( bth (x) ) a
x (-a) = 1 / x a
x (a - b) = x a / x b

Logarithms
y = logb(x) if and only if x=b y
logb(1) = 0
logb(b) = 1
logb(x*y) = logb(x) + logb(y)

logb(x/y) = logb(x) - logb(y)

logb(x n) = n logb(x)
logb(x) = logb(c) * logc(x) = logc(x) / logc(b)