Professional Documents
Culture Documents
For
3 rd
Seconda
(13)
{i4). :
(16)
(17)
--
(18). '
(19). '
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
<2s> I :
(26)
<27>
I :
210
[T} Permutations
(28)
I : Prove that
n-lp
=
r-1
n
n-r+l
(29)
: If
n-1p
5
x = {x: x
14
Z,-2 ~ x ~5)
= { (a, b): a, b
X, a
7'
[19]
bl,
[56]
I : If x ={ x: x
N, 4 ~ x ~ 15),
Y ={(a , b , c) : a , b and c
X, a
7'
7' c)
[1320]
: A garden has seven doors. In how many ways a man can get in and out of the garden
without getting in and out from the same door?
[42]
I : By how many different methods can 5 guests sit down in different 9 chairs (one person in
each chair) ?
(33)
[15120]
: A man can travel from heliopolis to Giza passing though the Tahrir square by taking one
of 5 bus lines from Heliopolis to Tahrir and taking one of 7 bus lines from Tahrir to Giza.
Find the number of ways in which the man can travel from Heliopolis to Giza then
return by a different bus line, such that he passes through Tahrir in the two travels.
[840]
(34)
: Find the number of Permutations that can be performed from the letters of the word
"MODERN" in each of the following:
(a) Each permutation contains only 3 letters.
[120]
[720]
(c) Each permutation starts with "M" and ends with "N"
(35)
I :If X = (3, 4, 5, 6, 7), find, without repeating any digit, each of the following:
(a) How many 5-digit numbers can be formed from the elements of X?
[24]
Permutations
(b) How many 5-digit numbers can be formed from the elements of X such that the unit
digit is neither 4 nor 5?
(c) How many 5-digit numbers can be formed from X such that the unit digit is not 4
and the tens digit is not 5?
[120, 72, 114]
(36)
(ii) How many numbers containing at least 3 digits can be formed from X?
[60]
[300]
(iii) How many numbers containing at most 3 digits can be formed from X?
[851
(iv) How many even numbers containing exactly 3 digits can be formed from X?
[36]
(v) How many numbers between 4000 and 5000 can be formed from X?
[24]
EX~flCISE
(1)
Combinations
the following:-
n+lc
n
[56, 1365, 190, 50, n+ 1]
(2)
(3)
32
(4)
: If
(5)
: If
(6)
+ 5 c4 + 5 c5
: Prove that :
nc
(8)
(9)
: find nc
n-1
[15, 136]
(7)
= nc6
21c
[210,1]
[12]
: If 42c
: If nc
n-2
If n+lc
(10).
If
(11).
If
12c
r
2r:-5
=
n-1
35,
, evaluate
n-1
[28]
= 21 , evaluate
me
find
me
n+3
[56, 495]
[84]
evaluate m, n
n+1
[17,7]
[330]
(12).
the
[3or10]
(13).
the
[7]
(14).
[6]
(15).
[4]
(16).
(17).
[7or8]
[7]
Combinations
(18)
I :
m 19e B
19e
(ii) 23 e
23e
...> 29e
(m
12
If
(20).
n+le : n+ 1e
6
5
Ilf 13e
If 2n+1e
<22>
If
<23>
If 7er = 7e3r-5
(24).
(26)
If
ne
ne
r-1
ne
> ne8
n-1
ne
[9}
11 : 9find n
ne
1: 3,
[3}
ln+le
<21>
[12}
= 3:4findvalueofn
13 e r+
r+2
ne
r-1
[15,4}
ne1 2 c find n r
I
=B : 3,
[10,3}
fin d n , r
(27).
If
ne
(28).
If
ne
ne
x-1
~1
> 3
Be
!71
7 : 6, ne
ne
r+
[25,121
1 Find n r
I
r
[9,3}
Find values of n , r
(29).
18
3
7
3
3
l-1- 1 _,_]
2
3
2
5
29e
If
ner: ner+1
n-1e
[34,13}
: ne r +2 = 2: 3 : 4, find n and r
r
n-r
[~
+ 26e19
26e19
(31)
I- :Prove that :
2x+lc
x+lc
xey- 1
= _9
2xc
x+1
y-1
[x=4, y
=71
[10)
Combinations
nc
(32)
: Prove that :
+ nc
n+l
r+l
, then use it
r +1
nc9
(34)
: Prove
nc8
nc8
+ nc
that:
r+l
[20]
n+lc
r+l
and use it
: If
(i)
x = {2, 3
n+2c
[5]
12
4 5 6 7} find
I
[64]
[221
(36)
: From a class of 12 boys and 8 girls it is required to select a team containing 5 persons.
Find the number of the ways in which the team is selected in each of the following cases:
(a) If the members of the team are of any sex.
[15504]
[792]
[56]
[848]
[6160]
: A box contains 7 balls. One of them is red and the others are of other colours. In how
many ways can four balls be chosen together from the box in each of the following cases:
(a) If the balls are of any colour.
[35]
[20]
Combinations
(38)
[15]
[35]
I : A box contains 15 oranges, 6 of which are defective and the others are perfect. Find the
number of ways in which we can select 4 oranges such that:
(a) 2 oranges are defective.
(39)
[540]
[1239]
[1350]
I :If X ={A, B, C, D, El where A, B, C, D and E are five coplanar points, and any three
points of them are non-collinear. Find:
(a) The number of straight segments whose two ends belong to X.
(b) The number of triangles whose vertices belong to X.
(c) The number of triangles whose vertices belong to X and each of which has the
vertex A.
[10,10,6]
(40)
I : 10 persons are nominated to choose 4 of them for a certain job. In how many ways can
they be selected. If a certain person must be selected in any choice, find in how many
ways they are selected. If a certain perpon must be set aside, find in how many ways they
are selected?
[210, 84, 126]
(41)
I : If the football team in Ahli club has 20 players, 2 for goal keeping, 10 for defence, and 8
for attack, in how many ways can a team be formed if the team contains 11 players, one of
them is a goal keeper, and 7 for defence and 3 for attack.
[13440]
(42)
I : 3 persons are chosen together from a group of 5 men and 4 women, in how many ways
can the three persons be chosen in each of the following cases:
(a) The three persons are of any sex.
(b)
(43)
[84]
[14]
[70]
[84]
I : A test paper contains 8 questions. The student has to answer 6 of them such that he
selects at least 2 questions from among the first four questions and at least 2 questions
from among the last four. In how many ways can the student select the questions?
[23]
(1) .
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5) .
(6)
(7)
'
(8)
(10). '
[i4)
I : <1 + {5> 4
<22>
I : <1 + 2 {2"> 6 -
<23>
I : <2 ~ +
(24)
(25)
4
+ <1-{5 >
[1121
[2200 {21
<1-2 {2>6
~ >5
<21/3- 3
fi >5
[19224
I : (1.003 >6 -
4
: If (x + 1 > + (x-1
(27)
6
: If (x + {2 > - (x-{2 >6 = 560 x
[0.0361
{2
[2.053]
(26)
f2
[1,-1J
find values of x
[O, 2,-21
-~-(28)
: If (1 + x) 8
= c0
c1 x
c2 x 2
c3 x 3
+ ..... + Cs x s. .
Find the value of
+ 256 Cs
[65611
EXERCISE (4)
(2)
(3)
: T4 in (2 + x) 6 and T6 in (
i : T5
(4)
Ys
in ( v,.
fx - -
{3 -
)9
3
3
and T7 in ( -z r-- - 3x
- )
: T7 in ( x3 - 7 )10 and T9 in (
3
x-
1
Yx-zyx_
)12
4480
[
(5)
27 '
16x ]
( x2 + l_)B
2
x2
(6)
495 -2
[-]
4
( x2 - .!_ J13
2
x
Find the order and the value of each of the following terms:
(7)
+x
{2 )9
[T5
(8)
~lO
-
T6
=504 {2x5J
[8064]
xx1
(b) The two middle terms in the expansion of (
= 504 x 4 ,
15
T8 = 2145x9, T 9 =19305 x 6J
(9)
1-.JB
2
Fx
.jx )
11
[16]
(11)
: Find the ratio between the middle and fourth tenns in the expansion of
( lx + !,_)10 when x
3
2x
(12)
=3
[21 : 160]
[ 2]
: If the two middle tenns in the expansion of (3x + 2y) 13 are equal prove that 3x = 2y.
: If the ratio between the two middle terms in
valueofx.
.!!_,
a
: In the expansion of (1 + x) 10 according to the ascending powers of x the ratio between the
seventh term and the fourth tenn is 2 : 49 find the value of x .
---=-
.!.._ 1
7
: If the ratio between the fourth tenn and the middle tenn in the expansion of (3x+ 2) 10 is
!._ 1
5
VJ
x)n equals 27, find number of tenns of
2
this expansion
[10]
: If the ratio between T6 in the expansion of (x + ..!:.._ >15 and T5 in the expansion of
x
'J
~]
3
2-1
3
fT4 = 160x3l
: Prove that the middle term of the expansion of (1 + x ) 2n equals
1 x 3 x 5 x .... x (2n - 1)
~~~~~~~
X2
n n
X .
(26)
the expansion of (2 x - -
- )9 prove that :
4x2
L+8MX3_o
- .
: Jn the expansion of (1 + x)n according to the ascending powers of x, the second term is
-10
40
- and the third term is - , find values of n and x, and the fourth term.
9
3
2
-80
[5,- - , --1
3
27
(27)
2Bx2, and the fifth tenn equals 1 20, fi nd the zmlues of n and x.
(28)
[8, 21
: The f irst th ree terms in the expansion of (1- mx)n according to the ascending powers of x
are 1 and - _!__ x and 0.03 x 2 respectively find values of m , n .
4
[25,0.011
(29)
EXERCISE (5)
(1)
(2)
(3)
: In the expansion of
(x2
3x
=[-252]
2
+ - )11
3x
[210, 120]
3
(4)
7
[ -]
x2- 3-x )9
2
x2
18
: Find the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of ( - + -2 ) 8 and value of the term free of x.
2
x
[ 189 , 2835 J
4
8
1
x4
2
(6) : Find coefficient of x25 and that of - in. the expansion of ( - + - ) 15
x3
2
x3
3003
[
, 40040]
32
[ 1365 J
('!!""7)!""'"'!!!!.- : Find the coefficient of x 14 in the expansion of x4 ( ..::_ + _:_ )15
2
x3
128
13
(8)
: Find the term free of x in the expansion of x9 <x2- .!:__. )
[ 1716]
(5)
x3
(9)
71
x z
<2
F-
{X
in the expansion of
[3360]
->10
(10)
(11)
x2
( - - - )9
[756]
in the expansion of
[1920]
The Coefficients
x
coefficient of
x6
: If T5 is the term free of x in the expansion of (2x - - )n, find the value of n and the
x2
coefficient of x 3.
[12,-101376]
1
xl
jSn prove that the term free of x equals the coefficient of x5n,
is
coefficient of x5n.
[10]
(2 + x) 8 (1 + x) 2 + ..... + (1 + x )10)
[15360]
{2
+ JL)B (x
f2
{2 -
~8
[70]
v2
(.1-7~)""!._...: If n is a positive integer. Prove that there is no term free of x in (x5 + ..!._ J2n unless for
x2
n=7 or its multiples then find the term free of x when n = 7
[T11 = 1001]
(18)
: If the ratio between the coefficient of the term including x4 and the coefficient of the term
including x2 in the expansion of (5-4x)n is 8 : 5, find the value of n given that it is a +ve
integer.
(19)
[BJ
: Find the value of (a) which makes the coefficient of x5 equals the coefficient of x 15 in the
a
1
expansion of (2x 2 + x3 ) 10.
[ 3
1
VJ
(20)
k
x J15 equals coefficient of x5 in the same
3
expansion evaluate k
14 =do+d1x+d2x2 +
(21). :Jf(a-xJ
prove that a = 2
~]
5
THE
(1)
: Prove that
rrw++,,~.,,..
T 4 =70
(2)
: In the exmms111n
fifth term
(3)
if
(4)
(1
(5)
: The '""H-1""1"'""
coefficient
(6)
(7)
(8)
of (1 +xJ20 equals
terms.
to
ascending
2
-,9]
13
find values
[15,1]
, k.
[10,21
sum of coefficients of
[7or14]
EXERCISE (6)
(1)
(iv)
T9
T7
(v)
Coef ofT6
Coef of T8
In the expansion of (2 + x)13 according to the ascending powers of x, the ratio between the
eleventh term and the tenth term equals 3:10 find the value of x.
[ !_1
2
(3)
: If the
seventh and the eighth terms in the expansion of (4 + 3x) 18 are equal find
value
7
ofx.
(4)
: If the ratio between the coefficients of T 8, T9 in the expansion of (3 + x)n equals 3 : 2, find
the value of n.
(5)
: If the
'[231
3
2x
( - + -)n according to the ascending powers of x is 8 : 27 find value of n
2
3
--
(6)
: If the
[9]
two middle terms in the expansion of (5x + 7y) 13 are equal find the ratio x: y
[7 :51
(7)
: If the
two middle terms in the expansion of (3x + 5)2n+ 1 are equal find the value of x.
5
[ 31
(8)
and the
(11)
[13, -
[ 2"r 21
: In the expansion of (1 + x)n according to the ascending powers of x, it is found that : the
ratio between the sum of coefficients of T5 and T7 and coefficient of T6 equals 5 : 3, find
value of n.
[9or101
(12)
(13)
[81
1
[-or
-1
2
(14)
(15)
: The sixth term in the expansion of (1 + x)n according to the ascending powers of x equals
twice the seventh term, and the ratio between the fourth and second terms equals 15 : 4
find value of n , x.
[11,
1
- 1
(16)
: If the ratio between T3 , T4 in the expansion of (x + y) 8 equals 1 : 4, and the middle term
equals 1120 find values of x, y.
[1, 21
(17)
(18)
[21
[ 2,
= 3T r+ 2, y
n, r.
- , 61
[13,6]
[10,
: If the ratio between the coefficients of three consecutive terms in the expansion of (1
21
+ x)n
: In the expansion of (1 + 2x)n according to the ascending powers of x, the ratio between the
coefficients of three consecutive terms is 1 : 5 : 20. Find value of n, and the order of these
terms.
: The second, third and fourth terms in the expansion of (x + a)n are 18, 144, 672
respectively. Evaluate each of n, x and a
(25)
[9, 1,2]
: The third, the fourth and the fifth terms in tl1e expansion of (x- y)n are 252, - 1512 , 5670
respectively, evaluate each of n, x, y.
[8, 1, 3]
EXERCISE (7)
(1)
)9 find:
4x
(First)
(Second)
value of x which makes the two middle terms in this expansion having equal
21
[T7 = - ,
128
values.
1
x = -1
2
2
: In the expansion of (x + - ) n prove that the middle tenn is itself the tenn free of x , and
x
find its value when n = 4.
[701
1
2x
3
: Find the middle tenn and the term including .x3 in the expansion of ( - + - ) 12
3
and if the ratio between these two terms equals 7 : 9 find the value of x .
[924
2x2
x 6 , 352x-3 ,
3
-
...,,.-=-
--t 12 , then
determine its
2x
value, and if this term equals 0.02 of its immediate preceding term find value of x.
5
495
[T9= _ , -1
256
2
)n,
this expansion
[
3x
-1
2
find values of n , x , then find the value of the middle term or the two middle tenns in this
expansion.
[n = 16, x =
, T9 = 12870]
~ Miscellaneous
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
n+1
Tr+l
r+1
2
1
: In the expansion of (3x + 4) n+ according to the descending powers of x, if the ratio
between the coefficient of T1oand the coefficient of T8 equals 20 : 9, and the two middle
4
terms in this expansion are equal find n , x.
[8, - ]
3
1
1
: If T17 is free of x in the expansion of (2xn + - ) n + , prove that this expansion has two
2x
middle terms then find the ratio between their coefficients.
[n
=16, 1: 4]
+ x) 2 (x- x
>7.
[70]
2 )5
[34]
(12)
: Find
(13)
(14)
2x
(i)
(ii)
Coefficient of x2
.
f:-827,84]
(15)
[5,,-10]
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Operations on Complex
Numbers & Their Properties
EXERCISE (8)
(l)
=-1
: (iJ
(ii) 6 z43 + 5 i 32
i3
[zero]
+ 4 i29 + 3 i18 + 2 i 9
3
-:-- +
(iii)
<2>
is
[2]
[4i]
i7
[1+2i]
[3]
(3)
f-2]
(4f1f'
(5)
(i)
{8-7i]
[zero]
(i)
(2
(ii)
(5
v -rs o
vz- +
(iii) (2 +
(6)
['J-11i]
(i) (3
(2
Vi"+
rs
{5 i) (2 {5 -
3 Vzi)
Y3 o2 + ( {3- 2i )2
+ 2i) (3-2i)-(3-2i) 2
(i) (1
+ 2if (1-2i) 2 + (1 + i) 4
(i) (1
+ i)6- (1-i)6
(i)
[17]
i)
[19
l(i01
.[zero]
[8+12i]
[18]
[30 + i]
[21]
[25]
[-16i]
[240i]
[36]
f-46]
[281
:m
: (ii)
(11). : Ifz
[-324]
, prove that:
z3 - 122 + 162-10
(12)
[2i-2]
=o
z2 = 2 + i , prove that:
z1zl + z 2z 13 =- 40
: If Z 1 =1+2i,
(first)
(second)
zi3 + zi
: For every n
(a) (1
= 9 (i-1)
z+ , prove that:
+ i + i 2 ) 4n = 1
=0
1 + in + i 2n + i3 n
(15)
: Prove t hat :
=4 or zero
20c i + 20c i 2
(1 +
2
1
+ ....... + 20c20 i 20 )
=-
O1024
: Factorize each of the follo wing into two complex facto rs:
13
[(3
+ 2i) (3-2i)]
(ii) 89
[(8
+ 5i) (8-5i)]
(iii) 117
(i)
(iv) L2 + 16
(17)
m2
z2 = 1 + 3i
: If Z 1 =3 + 2i
(i)
Z1 + Z1 E R
(iii)
Z 1 + Z2
verfy that:
(ii)
Z1 Z1
E R
Z 1 + Z2
z/
1
[(2-Si), - (2-i)]
3 + Si
10 i
(a)
3+i
(b)
1+i
: (a)
s-2i
(1 + 3i)
: (a)
{3'" +
Vli
T - T
(b)
-V"
(2 + i)
[1-i ,
(i-1) (3-4i)
'V'(b)
(1 -2i)
16 iJ
(1 + 2i)2
[(i-3), (1- i)]
1 + 4i + 3i2-7i3
(22)
: (a)
(b)
4 + 7i + 3i2 + Si3
6+12i
3+i
7 (1-i)
1+i
[(4+3i) I (3-4i)]
(23). : If
+ i) (3i-1)
(2
z=
, prove that
(3-i) (2i + 1)
z-1 =-i
: Prove that:
F- i
F +i
(i)
=1
{3-
3 + 4i
(ii)
~'3
y
..; + i
3-4i
2+i
2-i
: Prove that :
(i) (1
(26)
+ ir3 + (1-ir3
: If Z1=3-4i
(i)
(Z 1 I
=- -
(ii)
z2) = z1 I
z;
(28)
: If
z1 =
: If Z1
(3 -i)2
2i 89
2+i
,Z2
1+i
(1
+ i 9)3
1+2i
= ---
: If Z1
Z14 +
26
25
, prove that
1+i
z 1 = Z2
15 (Z 12 + Zzl>
[1}
7-i
13-i
2-i
, prove that z 1 = z2
2i 28
(29)
5-2i
(ii)
1 +i29
: Prove that :
(3 + i)2
prove that:
(27)
5 + 2i
, prove that
2-i
Z 12 Z22 +
z24
11
[301
(31)
I :If Z1 =
7 + i9
1 + i23
, prove that
5-10 i13
z1 =
Z2
[-4]
Z (Z
, then calculate the value of:
2 1 2 1 + 2 2>
.
-1
-1
1
(3 + i)
(32). : If z 1 = 2- z , z1 + z 2 = 1 , prove that : z2 = 18 + i
2
is one of the roots of a second degree equation with real coefficients , find
(33)
: If
2 + 3i
this equation
x2-6x + 25 =OJ
(34)
[4 - 13i]
(36)
: If Z
if they E
[1,2]
R+
= x + yi prove that:
: If a , b , L , M E R and (a + bi) 3
a+bi
a-bi
=5 + Bi
=0
f-2
=x + yi
[7 I 5]
: (3-2i) x + (5 + 3i)y
3]
[43,-1]
=0
[6, 2]
=4-9i
[3,-1]
=0
[-3.4, 2.6]
3
(46). :x+yi=(3-i)
[18,-26]
"
[-8,-8 ~ 1
=x + yi
2
(48). : (x + yi) ( 1+2i) =5 (i-2)
(49)
: x + yi
[2, 1]
1 J)i
f -5- , _y2J
(1-{2 i)3
(1+ i)19
(50)
: x + yi =
1
[-,OJ
2
(1-i)21
x2+ y2
(51).
3i-1
x-yi
(3 + i)2
(52)
(53)
(54)
: x + 9 (2- i) = y + (5-3i)x
(55)
(56)
(57).
x+ iy
2-i
x+2+yi
[3, 12}
[2 or - -
x-1-yi
x +y+ i
x-y+i
2x + 3iy
, - 4 or 12]
3
f-3 or 2 ,-2 or 3]
1-i
~
5
[-2, 1]
80
1
[2,--J
2
3x+yi
_:_,
[1, 2]
2+i
11-27 i
x (x + i) + y (y-i) =
1-2i
(58).
(60).
(1 + 3i)2
1+i
x + 2yi
(59).
i-3
2+i
23
[3, 1]
1+4i
[2 ,-1]
-1 +i
1+i
2+i
2 +i
[1.4, 0.4]
1 +2i
(65).
:z2 + 2s =o
:z2 + 4Z + 13 =0
:z2- 6Z + 58 =0
:z2- (2- i) z + (3-0 =o
:z2-2 z=o
(66). : z 2-4i
z=4
[Si ,-Si]
[-2 + 3i ,-2-3i]
[3 + 7i, 3- 7i]
[1+i,1-2i]
[0,2,-1 + VJi,-1-fiJ
' 4 + 2i,-4 + 2i]
fl
I :z =
(6)
I :z =
(7)
(8)
5-i
3 + 2i
9 + 21i
(9)
2 +
(cos
{5i
4 m1
TT+ i sin
r
TT . . IT]
,cos - + i sin 2
2
z=
{S-2i
:z =
:
[3
2-5i
I :z =
[{2
2+i
2-i
1+i
1-i
[cos
TT+ i sin
TD
Put each of the following numbers in the trigonometric form to determine its
modulus and its principal amplitude:
<10>
6+1 sin
1T
J?
<11> I
z2 =-8
rr
(sin
rr
+ i cos - )
6
6
(a) z 1 =6 (cos 120 - i sin 120)
I_ ITJ
4
[3, 3301
[8, 225 1
[2, 120 1
[6,240"]
[8, 330 1
[2, 225 1
=2
Form:
.!__
Z ,
(Z)-1
[ "'2,
- ,
Form: Z , - Z , Z
(14)
1T
m
-1
[6,
Tl)
. Tl .
(sm
- - i cos -
(c) Z3 =
(13)
. .
[4, 135 1
(12).
[2, 60]
{3 -
2 i
-;i
, (ZT
- 1 (ZT
;y:"j_
,Z,_,
EXERCISE (10)
(1)
TT . . TI)
(
TI . .
Tr)
+ t sin x cos - + t sin 6
6
3
3
(c) 8 (cos 82 + i sin 82) x 3 (cos 38 + i sin 38)
(2)
(b) 3 (cos
(d) 2 (cos
TI+ i sin
TI )
m tsin
.. u
m>
(cos n+
(b) 4 (cos
TI+ i sin
11) x
{2"
(cos
B TI+ i sin B
TI)
(d)-4 (cos 227 + i sin 227) x-3 (cos 167- i sin 167)
(3)
Tr
(sin 5
TT
- i cos 5
I :If Z1 =
= -4
1
rr
2
0< 8 < -
z3 = 4" (cos 38 + i sin 38). Find z1 x z2 x z3 in the trig. form and the algebraic form.
1
:
1-}-{3 i]
I :Find the quotient of each of the following in the trig. form and the algebraic form:
(a)
(d)
(cos
7{1 + i sin
:rr)
(7)
: If tan 8
=4 ,0 < 8
1
<
z 1 xz2
[212
(8)
: lf Z 1 =3 {3-3 i,
z2 = 3 (cos
[ 5
(4 + 3i)]
Z~
in the
.,Pi
.y3;1
~TT,findeachof
-{J + i, -2 '-1 +
=;
lf Z1=6i3
z2 =1 + i
Z1xZ2
Z3
z3 =2(sin5
TT
,0< fJ <
1T
U+tcos5 U)
{2<1-
{Jin
21
Z2 Z3
in
(13). :IJZ 1
= 5(cos2fJ
217,
tan fJ=
{i+ {6il
4'
z2 =-2 (cos 8-i sin 8 ), find the number z 1 z2 in the trigonometric and the algebraic
forms
[8+6i]
(14). :IfZ1=5(sin8+icos8),Z2=tan 8
{5
(cos28-isin28),where 8
E] 0, IT[
= T ,find the number z1;z2 in the trigonometric and the algebraic forms.
[1-2i]
[36)
(15)
(16)
Z1 = l
z3 =[sin 75 + i cos I9
[-1 + {ii,
- 8 (1 + i)
2F
Z = 1 + i into the
3
and z- in the trigonometric and algebraic forms
+
(17)
= {Ji -1 into
(18)
z3 = (Zi3 = 8
(ii)
z6
(19)
(20)
<21> I
(cos 35 + i
1
f
8t
algebraic fonns
{ii>
that
z4 =8Z
in the trig. form, hence find the
two numbers :
(25).
z1 = 1- i , Z 2
3-
{ii
[32]
{ii> , 12 {31
[18 (1 +
ZIT
TT
.
/ Z 3 = l. cos --sin
4
rr
4
=2 (cos
number
e) , Z2:::
a-{iiJ
~,
4
[4
e) I
[2
where tan 8
3
4 ,
5
[ -(3 + 4 i)]
8
cos 2 0- sin 2 e
cos 2 0
cos 3 e
{7 + 6i]
4 cos 3 e
3 cos
Numbe1
: Use Demoivr's theorem to find the two square roots of each of the following
numbers:
<a> z = 2 + 2
z =-4
(d)
(2)
(b)
z =9 i
(e) Z =-4
(c)Z=3
(j)
{3u-v
z =2-2 VJi
: Find algebraically the two square roots of each of the following numbers:
(a)
Z =-8-6 i
(b)
z = 15 + 8 i
=5-12 i
(d)
z = 2 (3-4i)
(c) Z
(3)
: Find algebraically the two square roots of each of the following numbers, then
satisfy your answer by Demoivre's method:
(a) Z
(c) Z =-4 (1
(e)
VJ"i
=8 + 8
(b)
+ {3i)
Z = 1- 2 i -2 i2 + 2 i3
c2 < F+ i),
(4)
2 (5-3
Z=
1+2
(5)
(d)
z =2 i
z =(0 ,-4)
: If
. J 31+17 i
'V
Fo
Fi
1-i
[4, 3)
-19+22i
(6)
-
: If
1 +2t
(7)
: If
. /13(1-5i)
'V
5-i
The Roots
3 (3 +Si)
- - - , find the square roots of Z
1-i
1 +2i
Find values of x, y which satisfy each of the equations:
4 (i-7)
(8)
:If Z
(9)
2
: (x + y i) (i-3) = S (3i-1)
(10)
: (x + yi) +
(11)
: 8 i (x + y i)2 - (1 + i) 2 (3-2i)2
[(3 + 4i)l
[2, 11
8 (1-i)
[1,41
+ lS = 0
1+i
=0
3
-,+11
2
7-4i
(12). : If
212<3 + i)l
(13)
I : IfL =
1+2 i
,M
1-i
1-2 i
1+i
vs
L +3M
(14)
ProvethatZ+sz-1 =4
:IJZ 2 =3+4i ,
(15)
I : If Z =21 + 20 i
(16)
2 1/2(1 + 3 i)l
prove that : Z
=(3 i21-
-2
1
-+ 29 Z 2 = 10
(i-1)8
[2i,-2il
ofZ
(18)
: Use
Z=
[(
{3+ i)l
128 i7
the three cubic roots of Z =27 in the trigonometric and algebraic forms.
(19)
: Find
(20)
: Find the three cubic roots of Z =- 64 i in the trigonometric and algebraic forms and
represent them on the Argand diagram.
[40)
The Roots
Find the solutions of each of the following equations in the trig. and algebraic
forms, and represent them on Argand plane:
<21>
<23>
<22>
I z4
2s6
(26)
(25)
I : If
2 5-32 i
=o
11 . . TT) 8 ( . TI .
(cos --ism
sin --icos -TT )6
4
4
6
6
.
(Stn
5fI
.
- - l COS
511
_,
4
)12
(28)
3/l.
(9-46i)J
of
z =(1 +
(29)
(30)
I : Ij
1+i
1-i
( {3-i>J
{2
1- i
- ,Z
1+ i
of Z == (i-1) 4/3
3
= SL
13
[4 + i' 2-i
Z+26i=0
solution]
1
[1,-1,-1,21
:::
[O,
=0
- +2 l+2i=0
(1
1,-i
{fi 1
]
TT , 2
prove that:
= 0'
EXERCISE (12)
Exponential
& Operations
""'""...,..........,.,. Number
Exponential Forms
:::::
(1) :(a)
1Ci/2
:::::
Jri/4
1Ci/3
(4) .:
(5) .:
exponential form :
:::::
1Ci/6
1Ci/3
+i
.:z = 6e7TCil3 +
(14) ... z =
[VJ (cos;
2VJ el JTCi/6
iVJesn:i/12
x VJesn:i/6
[2(cos ;
2 ni/3
x 2e
. TC )'l
[3(COS 6TC + l. Slll
6 '1
Tli/2
Z1 =el + m12
= e37Cil2
, Z2
[ -e ,e]
(18) ... Z
'Z3
=e
2)
Zi x Zj I Z~ ::: e 2
Prove that
e~ch
!..( 31Ci
_ eSTCi/4
Z
' 2 -
Find
+ i sin ; )]
3em
+ i sin ; )]
=23
(21) :Z =4e
-41lil3
..
. fC
-;r) x 4e
+ t sin
STC
(20) : Z =7e
1C
(cos
sin
I ITC
(cos - 6
-31lil2
T -i
x 3e
.
l JTC
+ i sin - -)
6
TC
(cos
1Cil3
STC)
31Cil2
TC
sin
y)
Find each of the following numbers in the trig. and exponential forms :
3
14
(22) :(a) Z = 9i x e
1Ci
+ i) e 5 n:il6
(24)
=2 (VJ
.:(a)Z=-2(VJ + i) eSTCi/12
(b) - 4i
x e2 rci!J
(b) 3 (i - 1) e 7 rcil 12
(b) Z
=3 (1 - VJi)
e .s 1li 16
Find each of the following numbers in the trig. and algebraic forms :
I
(25) :(a) 2i
7UIJ
(b) -Bi
em 16
(b) Z
(28) ... If Z 1
=-2 (1 + i) e5 1Ci112
Find each of Z1 Z 2
(30) ... If Z 1
, Z2 =
Z, -Z, Z,
Z1 , ( -Z )"1
21Ci/3
d
2
6
(34) :{,rl' Z = .r;,
v2 e
, Fm
each oif Z,
Z,
Z -2, in the trig. and
algebraic form.
l(35)
1: If Z = ~ ff~
3 - 21
1
Z,-Z,Z,Z
(Second)
Z 2 , Z" 2 , Z 5
= 2{2
(I -
{3i)]
(First)
(36) ... If Z 1
(i - 1), Z 2
=1 + f f i,
Forms of
:::
{2) .:
41'
(8)
(9)
...
.
..
...
..
:::
G6]
(14).
1-ro + 3 ro2
1
4+3ro+2ro2
= 1
5+3ro+4ro2
1
-----)
(5 + ro) (
(16).
(15).
(18)
ro
1+2ro2
1
(19). : (
1+2 ro
1
(20). : (
1+2ro2
1
---)2
1+3ro2
<24>
: (
I :<
3
27
49
48
l-6-9
=-
(3+5ro+3ef) 3n + (3+3ro+5effn
(b)
5- 3ro2
2 -7 ro
5ro-3
2ro2-7
+
4+ m+2ro2
4+2ro+ ro2
+
4+3ro+2ro2
1
(26). : Prove that:-2 (1-
)8
8-5 ro2
2ro2+7ro+3
(25).
)4 = 9
5-8ro
3 ro2 + 2 m+ 7
= 23n+1
)3n = 1
5+m+3ro2
(23)
=-
(a)
3+5ro+ro2
1
3
1
2
-1--2-<0_+_2-oil- )
I :< 1+2ro-2ro2
(22).
1+3ro4
<21>
3+2ro-2ro2
_ro2
_ _ )2
1+2 ro
+ (
)2
3-2ro+ 2ro2
: (
=4
3ro+2ro2
5+4ro+3ro2
(17).
1+3ro-ro2
4+2ro+3ro2
=81
=
3
(27). : Form the quadratic equation whose roots are : (1 + ro-ef ) , (1- ro +
(28)
(29)
: Prove that
: 1 + of + cJn
=0 or 3 , where n E
ro2 )3
2
[x + 16 x + 64 = OJ
N.
Miscellaneous Problems
on the Complex Numbers
EXERCISE (14)
(1)
(2)
<3>
m2 i + 1)4 (1 + - )3 =4
(I)
(1 + w2 )2
(1 + OJ fl.
(1 + i )4
3+i
::::
(1- i )4
11+m -
1+ i
1
4
'\h + m2i2
[ 3,-1]
(5)
: Use
(2-i) Z-i =0
: If
m2 i)
( {3+ 012
(6)
(1 +mi), (1 +
are
+ ( {3=-012
= 213
(1-i )18
(1 + i )12
{ii
i+ 1 )9
+
(
{ii
i+ 1 )6
I :If
= 2
(1 +
z4 .
1
(8)
(9)
I : Prove that :
(a)
(b)
(10)
I : Prove that:
Y1 + m2
nTT
3
..
(1 + ef )n =(cos -- + z sm
TT
nIT
3 ), wheren E z+
=,
(11).
that:
1
number:
(12).
6, OJ
set
(13).
+
1
1
- (ef-1)]
2
=cos 8
sin 8 e
is a + ve integer
n
cos
+ (1-
m-2i]
DETERMINANTS ))
EXERCISE (15)
(1)
-3
-3
-2
-8
(b)
(a)
(d)
(g)
(2)
3
5
(h)
n+l
(f)
-6
-5
-9
-7
(k)
2a+3
-1
-9
-2
17
-2
1
(c)
-co
2a-3
-3
[1. I 4a2 I
I : Prove that:
(a)
sin 9
cos 9
-cos0
sin 0
cos9
(b)
:If
=3
sec 0
Tan 9
Tan 9
sec 0
sin 9
2sin0
2cos9
(b)
n-1
(5)
(c)
(4)
(e)
(a)
(3)
, evaluate
Sd
c+d
Sb
a+b
w21
[15]
(b)
-3
-2
-7
-5
[40, 100]
50
(6)
i
II
Determinants
: Evaluate each of the following by the definition:
-1
-2
-5
(a)
(b)
E-58, 56]
(7)
(a)
(1)
(1)2
(1)2
(1)
(1)
(1)2
=0
1-i
-i
-1
1+i
(b)
(8)
II
(9)
x+2
x2
-3
=0
2
1
-x
=0
(10).
f-2,1]
-x2
x2
[0 ,-1]
[-3, 2]
<11)
(12)
x-1
x+l
-1
x-2
=0
=0
[1,-1, 2]
I :Prove that:
cos A
-sin A
sin A cos B
cos A cos B
-sinB
sin A sin B
cos A sin B
cosB
=1
'
I EXERCISE (16) I
[!!)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
11
12
13
-1
-2
-3
14
15
16
17
18
19
-1
11
12
14
-1
12
13
17
-1
-1
13
14
20
-5
-2
13
-7
-5
11
-11
-2
15
-17
-32
-3
-7
16
25
81
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
(b)
[20, 7J
[0, OJ
[O, OJ
[30, OJ
[O, OJ
[8, 20J
(a)
-3
(b)
2L + 1
2m-5
2n+ 3
f s2 I
Pro2erties Of Determinants
Use the properties of the_ determinants (without evaluating any) to prove each of
the following:
@I
I
(10>
lI
<11
<al
asi I
111
<1
(l5l
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
11
10
-4
18
-2
12
-4
11
-1
24
a-2d
b-5d
o-Sd
sec2A
Tan2 A
sec2B
Tan2 B
sec2c
Tan2 c
2a
3c
b+3c
2a+3c
2a+b
a-b
3a
b-Sa
b-c
3b
c-Sb
c-a
3c
a-Sc
=0
a+x
b+x
c+x
a2
ab
ac
a2
b2
c2
ad
bd
cd
(b)
=0
(b)
=0
:::: 0
2+i
2i + 1
3-2i
3i-2
4-7i
4i-7
-3
(b)
(b)
(1)4
(1)8
(1)8
(1)3
(1)4
(1)4
(1)8
(1)6
x.2
y2
x+y
x3
y3
x2+ xy+ y2
:::: 0
=0
=0
=0
=0
I s3 i
Properties Of Determinants
(16).
(17).
(18).
(19).
(20).
55
58
48
55
58
79
19
83
43
-24
37
12
19
22
12
19
22
-1
-7
-9
a+l
b+l
c+l
48
(22).
(23).
.5
(J)2
(J)2.3
1
- (J)4
-w i
- (J)2
(J)
-a
-b
-d
be
ca
ba
be
c2
b2
-1
-3
-7
If
(21).
(24)
c2
ca
a2
b2
a2
ab
=0
-2
-7
-4
a-1
b-1
=2 a
c-1
1
.3
I
CJJ5
(J) i2
-i
(J)2 i6
CJJ4
= 7, then
=0
3X
3Y
3Z
X+2L
Y+2M
Z+2N
50-L
5H-M
5:I<;-N
=0
= a be
a2
b2
c2
.b
=210
=0
...,.,,..:
-.: ....
~--
. :12s)
,':_;, .
cos a-sin a
cos a+ sin a
cos b-sin b
cos b +sin b
cos c-sin c
cos c +sin c
a+ bx
bx-a
c+ dx
dx-c
.o;
,.l'
h+kx
kx-h
a+b
cos a
sin a
cos b
sin b
cos c
sin c
b +c
c+a
b+c
c+a
a+b
c+a
a+b
b+c
b+c
c+a
a+b
,.
, ....
...
=2
= 2x
'
'.;,.
(27).
<28> I
(29).
yz
xy
xz
y2
<Jo> I
=2
=2
= (x + y)
yz
xy
a2
b2
67
21
13
39
14
24
81
26 .
22
26
22
27
31
25
46
64
63
18
40
89
40
89
198
89
198
440
[43]
[84]
f-1]
Properties Of Determinants
(34)
(35)
(36)
2x+ 1
2x + 1
2x+ 1
3x-1
4x
3x-1
4x
6x-1
~]
=0
[O,
=0
[{O, 1,-1}]
x+B
Sx + 4
Sx+ 3
3x + 1
x+S
6x+ 3
Bx+ 1
4x+ 5
-1
2 sine
-1
-1
2 sine
[30 ,150 ,0 ]
(37)
(38)
(39)
x+3
-1
k+x.
[13]
: If
a
b
(40)
x-3
x+3
k-4
k-2x
k+l
c
d
= 27
, prove that
[Oor-6]
a+b
c+d
a-b
c-d
2a
2c
= 54
: Prove that the coordinate equation of the st. line which passes through the two
points A (x1, y 1), B (x11 Yi) is:
1
x
y
1
Yl
Y2
= 0
(41).
(42).
(43).
(44).
(45).
(46)
"'
l+L
l+M
1 +N
x2
x2
x2
b-d
b-c
b-d
b-c
-d
b-c
be
ca
= (x3-1)2
d) (2c-b)
+c
(b-c) (c-
be
a2
b2
11
b)
iI
ab
ab
= L+M+N+l
c2
ab
I
2a
2b
(a
b + c) 3
Properties Of Determinants
(5o)
(51)
II
(52).
(53)
-y
x-y
-y
x-y
x-y
-y
a+l
b+l
c+l
c+3
a+3
a+c
a+c
x2+1
xy
xz
xy
y2+1
yz
xz
yz
z 2 +1
:If
(55).
(56).
(57)
= 4 (a-c) (a-b + c)
= x2 + y2 + z2 + 1
a2
a 3-1
b2
b 3-1
c2
c3-1
1
(54).
= 2 (y3- x3)
> sinx
sinx
cos x
cos x
a3
b3
c3
= (a+ b + c)
a2
(a + 1)2
(a+ 2) 2
b2
(b + 1)2
(b + 2)2
c2
(c + 1)2
(c + 2) 2
x3-a3
x2
b3-a3
b2
c3-a3
c2
= 2 sin x cos x
a2
b2
c2
= 4(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)
EXERCISE (17)
Using Cramer's method find the solution set of rnch of the following systems of
equations:
(1)
: 3x + y =3
(2)
: 2x +Sy= 13
(3)
x-3y
'
=11
[2, -3)
3x-y =-6
[-1, 3)
: 7x-3y= 17 '
x-Sy = 7
[2,-1)
(4)
:3x-4y = 5
'
2x-Sy = 1
[3, 1)
(5)
:7x-3y=15
'
(6)
;7x-2y+z=5
(7)
.: x-y-z
(8)
: 3x + y-2z =-3 , 2x + 7y + 3z
(9)
:2x + y +z =0 , x-y + Sz
(10)
: 3x + 2z =0
=0
'
Sx + 2y
'
'
= 19
6x + 3y-5z = 2, Sx + 7y-9z
[3, 2)
=1
= 9 , 4x- 3y- z = 7
=0, y-z =4
[1, 2, 2)
[3, 2, 1)
[2,-1,4)
[-4, 6, 2)
THE FULL
SOLUTIONS
OF
ALGEBRA
59
A.L\LGEBRA
60
@ ~f. b,
("'1+2
:. ('Tl+ZJ (71+/)
+ 2.(n+i.J =210
@~ ~
w
'2.J
(""-"+Ox
""b
?t
:(n-'f"+/)X L!t.
- "'" /#1--Y-t,I
(?1-Y-+l)f.k;r" - ,,,,,
'
'11 X fl,.,~
'f"-1
J.!!;;!,
_ J:!! _ no
1:!1--t"-t' - ~ -
::: '>1
'r
61
EXERCISE ( 2 )
<O
~4-d
iJ XJ xi
= "I '3
e~ti
t:itft;;,
=z '-!
"(
a!cj/fi eJ441
4 .. ~ ~Jv...
@'Yl(tl-f}{'11-Z}("'1- 3)X
.lfX3X2.X/
3 X 2...X I
:
('11-2)(?1-])("1-f)
J_
2
62
ff-i\ nc..,,-IX"'-1.)(4'1-JJ ,,,,_,)(.,,,-1.J(?t-3) _,, f'n-IKn ~l.l/.J. = I:!!.
\(!_) .l.(X'JXUI
+ JXUI
-TX-z:xr- ~
1n-T" L!.
riMtik.. l.Jd
{;n-/}t'Jt-1.) "1f'11-JJ+
3.X"l.K I
.If
=/I
11-3
2,21c t
V:V
=2
ciiJ
f
- 3
2.3-f+/ - 5
2.
fl
"'
.L
.,
= 13Gl
l3c11
=3
=I+-;- =!+3
13t:_..:;.L
'3cs
IL
<n-Y)t'll-Y'-1
13-1+1
I ?7-/
='11-r"
...!!_ = R. H. S.
I 11-1
2
=27-1'1
+1=.!I+j=:1_j
8
+ J.
"11
=l+-
l11::r=! u:
"
L.fl.S.::: J.x+I
i~Mil
= P:.+0
'JPl=LL:~I ?-I
.x ~ L!.=1.
~
- ;;c. ..Lf -
II
-~-/\IT
'J
'I-I
'J
7
: Ye
= ~
.-. 'J=x+x-1 "- Y= 2.X- I
::x:.
x-1
T
=.J..5 :. Y+2.
11.-T" =.!. .~ '/'l'+IB=IO..Sr
5
. )" =3
~ 13-(r"+iJ+I
~
Y'+2.
/If t"=~2.
@ : "'c1 = "c
-~ '~;t"-tf =f12
@Git~
:.
11 = 3 +IZ. =IS :.
1
1
{,..: [
=3:J
.-.3(':/t-"1' ~=-4
L.l./.J.:
=1+ ..!l=
r+1
I+~
'"c,...
= t'+I +
fi7'I L. H.S. -
n-tT"+J)+I
r+I
11-1' = .!!L
r-+I
' ..!!1.
= J. . . .J1.::l:1
'I
3
3
I.!!
- 1n-r U:.
\:::::!)
=J+
= R. fl. .5. ,
>'-+I
7 : n +I= 2. / 11=2..0
l.?!.
+ l"-r-1 L""+t
1'= 31'-5~11.R
Lt!.
I.!!
r+JY'-5""= 1 :.f':J -- cn-rJ L.,,_,,_,
u:
+
111-r-1 x<Y'+tJU:::..
.-. "'c.3 : 11'f'2.c =8' : 3 ,;., 1!::J.::J:L
= ..l :. ?'? =- 1~
3
3
_
l?!
( I
I )L!!
T'+l+n->'
- l.!!-,....-:.1 Lr. --;;=;; + ;:+/ -1n-r-1iz "cn-r>cr+IJ
1
> 1 .. 11-:+ >I.-. TJ-8>1 n'>l7 - ( '7t +I) w.
- 11!!
- (n-YJl 1'-1'-I XfT"+IJl:. - l?!,::l: L!l =I?. Jl.S.
~""cs x "'c, . ._ 1 .. n-8+1 x n-6+1 ~
<i> L.
H.S. =("c + "c ) + ("c. + ""c
)
7 1
n+I
r
1'-1
'7'-1
Y-z.
V""C.., "'Cs ?
8
'
= 4:::'1' + n+f_.,.._, ::: 11+z.c,..... = /?. H s.
@=;:
@ .
1..- 8.
:.ZJ.ltlf..tu. ~ ~-I
J
.-.
.1 > 3 X g
~..x: -
If/.
(ii)
C.r+I
lfc.
.c i!.
C.:K.-1
_ 7
-
. 18-tT'+ZJ+I _ 12
Ti . .
Y+2.
r+z
.:12r+2..l.J=ll9-7r :./fl':'/S ..Y'=S
@ "'=r"+Y'+I
. n=zY'+I. UJ ,n-r.tl=L
r
'
.
21"+1-1"+1-.Z
. 1"+2 -.L .. 7"-"""+1.
"r
- 6 .. --:;- - '
'-o, ......
.".'(":12.JF-a.- (IJ .:. T1=i.1t+I -2.5
~
~
11-t,.+ll+I _ 3
r+I
n-(Y-/)t/
Y'-/
'1
='11
I
F-z~(I} .-.y
=3
r.:D\~
=.A
.. n-r.,.+O+l=J.
:.2.n-51'=3--W_,
~
t.
Y+I
2
'rt:.i = 1: .. ?1-(r-12)-t;l=.i. .. 3n-71'=11 -CV
'"Cr.+/
~.
F4_,
3
r+2.
(l}hfj 3, (2)
2
(I)
11:::311.
"1
'1
tiiJ
:::1365"
62\,4) t:1SS0'1
"'
"'- B.
5 3
1x
~,. = <11,0
@a> ~4'=~=35
CC.)\=\=''
<bj ~ :10
<JJ ~~+ ~x ~, =15+i<> =35
/~~- ~It
::: 13,)-1$
=135"0
(4)
@raJ
~ = //) ( b)
SS= /()
~+ :Zto ch> \
.,,~
4i;_::: 6
(t;,)
:. .Lx ;;;}=-
=8'1 cc;
..fY=I
t~ = 1.zt,
(4)
\-t "tc't
X\
@ J2n+/
l'f..f."t.
.-. 1(?1+2
/(1_
- L,5
'1::2 - ...,
'2.
@8J~ 4&.liu6~;
= 8' ?1=/D
IS.
11"+1
('1+/J-f".+f _ 2.
-3
ISE ( 3)
"'t:._
-i. -
I
Lr..=,,..._
:.frtr-l=-1..!"::1
,,
=6+16+ 6=28
!41.U.Utl~:
'fl':.
':Jl>-2. --
'tc3 K
'"c.,,._ 1
f17:\3 Wl+z-n
1'1
(b)
,,D
.-.. :11(?1-/}(?1-Z)=/hl('ll-/)..1'/-2.
@ x ~ 1 x 1c 3 =13.lt't()
''3 = ""'
~3+ "C:? =
@{/;) (2111UM
t/.at:4J o~(1""""' ,2 (q.Jdo)
2c. 1
~r
63
64
~+ 7$+ f + 71,
0-2Yi'l= 1j - 7i -r 7j -7.i + ~ -'f + '?
.~(l-+Z.Y2J 1-0-2ff}~::2(1i+ ~ -+,7<)
=2['C/at'f")+- ''i ('Zf'i) 3.+
(tYfJS']
= 2 ( 12 Yi .+32ot"i-r UB Yi)=Uoo '2
@(1+2ff)l:7j+ 7;+1j+
t;.
3
'e)=(l+o.o3J-(/-fJt>oJ)
@ : (1+1.02)II::: !+lt>(40Z.)+4S(0.02J+l2t1((J.02)+-~
'
':2(f+7.i;-+
Z.
f.i2\
~=(/-0.d/)
3
=1-7(tJ.ol)+2/(o.olJ-3S(4oO+
'2
=o. 036
t:;\
"t:'..)(2.,-3)
5'
+'+72o;;t. 'J-llJ60.;cJ
'13
=n:x-21/tJ-"
32
+S/IJx'/+_,,,s . ..
.-.fUtfx
Co
+ 120(o.ol)"l:../4JJl(OO/)~ =32 -21/ +t>-o1Z-d.OOldJ ciiiJ ,_I.x::z .i-CIJ .... Co +zc, +4Cz+ fc 3+. -+c,xl 3g
+ .. 2f.61412 = 2f.67/
fu;;\
'tV /;.
'l
12
1
., "1
~..x + ~..'X-+. + :x =2181 :.(l+:;ic): 3
.-.l+:ic-=3
..:;it:Z
EXERCISE ( 4)
65
(i)Ctttf ti"T;, =\
~.
{;\..-.
(JJ
3( f
)1"
=!f1
u 4
". 75-: 13C.1/- -;;
)( : )1: 7:.5
14
2.
;)I!.
4'1L 75, 76 ~
~= ~ (fi.x)S- =5o4>'i:x!l'
7j-=-
fa.J
'$64:X. ~
f = /~ (_! /(xJS::. 80 t 4
4/U...
fo\
\!_)(Q)
(.;;
?i ) r,, -k.....
Lt
44
75.": I'.,+
<!'It (-z} (UJ ::: 7() ,)(. !/
.-.id a...._
aAA.
Ji 1 T,
,,.,.~
7 ="c,(-;/rxJ'<YfX) s-:4/2x~ = 1~
16C6 (-/) ' (3.x.)::
1.ftA/1XIZXllXl()X'I
2i_ =
1~ty('3Jl(xl)
7i(
6X~XftX3X1XI
8X"1X6X5X4X3XU I
:/
/lxlS;t.14XBJf.f2-Xll.XloX1 =Jo
..?i = l~"@tJ5f
1i )'J ( /1
~
ZJr.
ldt;. (
3
10
31
' w4 ~- 3
-
x9xt1x?x6 x 11 x.Ji!.
I.A
loxf x 8 ('lfl
@~+a."
5"60 . 35
5'60
= 160
U
1::
:. x =16
: .:r =
.t: 2.
- .!!.
. . . . (I)
3
'!!.t!!=1l
:x.2. -2KI
'
46
T
....
!: ..
(2.)
(2)
=-ff=--\' 74 = ~<-tl=-:;
=z.sx'.. nfn-tJ=8X1:."'I{= 11~
'ilc x."=.1120 .-.;x't,,.._/6. :.
11
~..t
:x:.z.
-'WIX)=-
:. 2sn
:. '17)1:.f;
-z.J=24-n .-.
.,,,= z.5,,
66
67
,f.11.
s. = 2. x .!..!.
:: J_
"'+I
??+I
68
69
...
{/),
. .. ( Z.}
_ 3= c (-/} f ..
(j) .,';/-/J
':t
71
?1
=';; .. 71 =3+7
= //),
T.:
'"
"'. .
.. r-217'+1/b +r-JdT-ll-2r-zr=o
.-. - 33Y+'lf = o -' 33 1"=. 'f'1 . Y-::3
EXERCISE ( 7)
70
.ia /JZ.tt..t?f x
. . "1"'=!6k>'k .,;~..."_,,,,._~ ci!/:1oli-~+~ra.i'=1tn'70+fw =lfY/i
2
.. n +'Y1-Mn-16 =o :.n2-1~n-l6=0
<i17J= 4+;%+3"-:r3_.t13'i +4-i."L.=7-3-'-t=o
.: M-16)(-n+tl = o .. n =16 .-. n+1=16+1 = 17
0
. ~ UutJ 17Ur/. ~ 4/U. 7i, 7io ~ Co. T/1J
(iJ:::.-f;:..Jfi.7::..,f'+12i.-~-c.7.=l.t+/2.f.
+4=8+tz..i
QI. r,
.: 1i:,
: l?-11X2X z =4 .. (6.71 _I
'I
T
4s7/o - i ;
l.J~
l. 2
'J'
'2
\V<iJ=(l-4t' ~ +~(l+-<J
::::U-+J./J+(z.-1. =2~
<ii) :(3+ 3-<-1.t)(2.+ 4(.+/) =(3-lf-t.)(3-Mi)
36
=/ti+ 2Xl3:::::
+ ((3-ff.ilj2
oi) =ll.3
.=(-;'.c.
=:(l+i.)2(1+.i.)
=-'"'-.+'5+t,.i.-3+2": = 2.
ciiiJ: ~ + 3;4' + 5.jJt + ?lJt_.(.3+3i+s-i~':l./.
.(.
4' 3
= -< +3"--~-< +
<.'
1~
.(3 -.
{.;\
+3 =3-3.i-3+3.i +3 =3
.-3
="'. +-1.t ,'2.+. .(..3.,-3.,
+ .( ....,.
"t
=-<. -
-<+.c. "'"
=.t'-t--<'+..t.'-!--t.'
.-2.
-l
.-2
+"'-
.-/
<.
J1
"j(-t.
.-I
+"- ){.(.
-2
<)<iJ:::.28-35.i+J'ti.-6-IS+l().f. 7-11.i..
2
<iiJ = 1.i. -14 -i-i.-IS-t. +6i. =8 .i.+t't-15.e'-6=8-f.c.'
<iii): IS-3i +11>i +1si7:..1" = 15'-3..i+lo.i.-l~-1-i.=D
0 .
2.
c11:12-~-c
= a.<.u+,,_'J
(-<-I)
JI./::: Jla.-<-0
r, 'J"t.
'2.
'1.
=81(-2<) :3JXJt.i.:::-321t
'1.
\2.)
= 4-<
[:;'\
.3
.'2.
.3
.
. I
=3+3.i3+3.i:l.+3.i.
=(I+"-. ) 3
=2"--2
66
3
cii):::(.1(-i.-'il"x.i 81;+-i. +3F x.c.''"l''=(4<'-i-3)"
EXERCISE ( 8)
.3 3
.'2
-4 -5.1. +2.L )
(I)
:12+s=''l
=$ i (8 .i J=.1to-i
1
:-
'?
(Z,+Z~)(2t~a
1.
+~ )
71
-I..
N.S. =U+-t. /
@ci>
13 'l-4-i?.= {3+zi.J(3-2.i.J
(iiJB'I: 64-1S.i.i.=(8+S-i)(8-Si)
/'__ ,J
'l. llr'
.c.
'1
ciiJ(2+-<r
, ,
<iiJ.J.:t#
x
=--.
x~
2+-c. 2.-.C.
X 1--t. -
ltH.
"
=I s-~,- 2 =. 2 -5<',
3+/
l+.t
1p(34'-<2)::
f-<,,_
'3-( -
I-~
1-<
=..!.::.:!:
=1....-..L.i.
5
5 5
/6{/+30:./+3.
IO
'-
~it+<'
= B + zi
2.
=Zf-Zf.t'
=/-<
~+2.<"
2.f
'el
,._'Z-<
= 1-<"
l+Z-t
=lt+3i
(ii) 6JC l+~t'x3-~ +1x
3+<
-=
.3-<
3+3.i -1<'
/-1-t
=3-
1-U
/()
'Z.
././<.
~ z.= &-t-2+3i2-<.'
=
~ - ~- .1::.i-.
, s-+.s--t. - 1+-< x,_; -"
'!::!J
61+3-z-t.z.--<
.~ z-1
f x ~- =
M
'CJ
CiiJL. fl. S.
:!, =- "'.
UT +O< ("f-O
- 3-.P
=(3+'i.l)(2.+<'>
+< 3 (2--i)(2+-i)
- 6+11l+4.i2+f,-11.l+4.(1.. "f-('Z.
'1
:z, _;
:.z
=
-I_
z+i
2--< X z.-1-.<
1.t.i){Z-<')
-I
-I
=~ , ~=Iz = '-:~
2.-4'
'5-z.-.c. _ 3--<
'-'S
j- - " n
::S(3..H'J_
S'
-:--s ..
:z - L
'Z.-3-(
x.1.i
3+-i
i (3+<)
"dc.i~.11oof= 'f+<
)(. 2-H
2.-i< -IJ<3-4<'J-3-.+<'
~l
13
/0
72
""""Od "',..,"""'
~
L+lf=
~
l-3.i x
1-4.
=
3
/-:;_
I+-(
<'- +H.O
2.=
-"2.
/
a. - 2
+"":..::
-/o ... (I)
Z :Z :::
.. .z::z:z =zo .. .'2J, Fz- {JJ +tzJ
~ 'Z
z.
/(JI) "
-3'=.3J<2.=6
3X-2.i.;c...,.'5'J+3.i.!J = Jt-'ll
.
..(3:x.+'5YJ-+.f...(3'J-~) = 4-9'
.~ J:x..+ 5' 'J::: .l.f . (I)' '3 'l-2.X
9 .. (2} /i'fttll. (/)
=-
Ill
"x=3
, l2J b9 2
.:X=-!/ 'f'"""
@ = 1-6i
(2)
2..A:.+3y:j UD
Ir
=(3-6i)(:J... .i)
..::x:.+i.IJ=l8-z.6i. .-.;:x:.=.11,'J=-26
. Z.%- - ,,.
_,,,,
lJ" :z.
f'f(Mg
=a+ "".
. .Z:
=a-&..i
.-.0..:1
z% = a.'+h"l. =1c
.-.z:::.a.-t..ih
(4-+i
';:::;"
'+zoi
='+zo-t'
r;?\ IO X -;::::(.
2-i
\::!..:Vt.f1
8b(z.-.c.') - 3z.
16
1.
=5
4..
:.:.r:-y+2-ix!)-:Z..X-2..t!f+-<:X-';J+3-.c.:;:.O
"'i-21c. -12.Xi.-'3.:x.J =32-/{.<(.' B-3xy =3Z .,;."1,...y'2:...zx-!I+ 3::L> .. UJ, 2:XY-2.!J+:x-I
:. :X.'J =-I .... (I) 1-2!1-/'.Z:x.
'1=8-'X-(2) .'.2.!J{X-l)+(::t-l}=o :.(:x-1 )(2J+IJ =o
Suk.l:.U. (IJ.::x(8-6:x) =-8 :. ,::x.,._~:>:.-'8 =o
-'.X.=1
oil
:. 3.X1.-4x-"t=o .-. (3X+2)(x-2 ):::o :.x=2. ~-j ?llMf<JF -Y~!J +2= o
; ..l:.~+lJ =o
=()
=-'' ..
F-tVM(Z):. '1=8-IZ=-"t
Qf!
y=B+i.t=12
=--/.
'-~1+'1-2=o:.(9-f.1.)(':l-/}=o
.. t/=-2
oR.
._.h!..qt:
Y= l
=-'l-4XIX-i!-'<(o
:. /Vo~r;,,
~ J-2.c.
1+2"5 .
"2.
:1..
:.;x"L+'J1.+(.J'-!:J).i. =13-< : .:x.+'J =13----W,
@wz::x.+-<J .. :Z=.x-<"'J , :x,'J f:R"
X-'J =-I :.y..: :x+I ...(:z.)s.J...f.;...,.. {I)
:.x1.+:x1.+z.:x+I =13 ""- .x-i.+x-6=0 -'.X=-3Q/J1.
: C2'+-<'!J)"L_z. (X-i'J) ::0
..x'1.._1j'2+2-lx.
'J -z.;)(.+2<)=o :.:x:}-2x+i.P,:icy+1J.,.f>
fntl'Wtl2.) 'J= -3+1 =-2. gB '/= 2.+I = 3
;xt ~1-zx =o . .. (I) 1 7..!J(X+O
o
@<:r.+iy)(J--iJ+ (ZJc. +3.i.!1)(1-fi) =l:<l+4.'J{l-.i)
.. 'f=o
11~
x. =-I
.'.( 3.%-241) + .( {x-t .ft'J) :'I .-. 3X--Z'J="'1- .(I), ~-(I~..~"?..~)(. = 0
~~ + 2 = 0 y'\. 3
.. .x.(Jc. ii) - o ..;t:o!! 2.
'J =fl 9.8 - V3
X+lff=O : . .:X=-'t:J lZ.) sJJ. .i.+, (/)
.:. -12-9-Z'/=1 :. y =--fr_ 1 F-2"" (ZJ -':X-= 2.
:. Z:::.o ok 2.
.-..z .... -!+fl.c' oR -1-113-t.
_,"l.
'@L&t
:K.
..+
x- 'J +..C
'i+.:l
1+2,(, 1-2..i
=~
X-'J+-i.
~
2+2-i .. -2X"f/29=l. t
~-2.'J =2. 1 aJI .-.107::::.lf :.f::::o.f .-.:z..:ii:-thl=a
:.2.)C.=2-8 :.x 1.4
:z:=-5',..,
z
=-1'3
oR
.. '1+4'1+'1=0
.. ~+7.)-z.=O .-.
.. z:::o-z.c..
'1=:2
lj=2..
x."'---4-8=4
..
:X7..= 16
:. :Z~'f:Z +-'/
= -1'3 +4-
f .i.1. . :z.+2= 3(
.-.;x:.4
.. %:.lf+Z.id!f-1/+z.i.
=-'2.A..
2.--l
+ !J-3-< .- .x+ll+<
'3t-i
.x::::o
EXERCISE ( 9)
74
~>
2'j
:::((-~tn6~--i. S.:...6;).
= 6 (Cdi>(/80+'4)+.i&..;,._(130 + {.o)
=6. ('Cl;) U/6-+ -i .t.:... 2-46) :. IJ,.,p. : 2.t,o
<h> :;;; =- r (-cro 36. +-<' .s:.:. 3oJ ='i((cr.)34 _ -'~ 3o)
=8C<in(36l-3o9J +-<' .s..... ot<i-30J
17:\ z = _s_ x 1+ r.?.<. =sU+ffiJ =2 +zff".
'(!__)
l-V3-i
1+3
l+Y]<"
(b)
;;z"2
=2(t'1l(li'+-i.
: 2
::::"f(-Ci:r>4S+-t'S4..1-s)
:::
<c>
=2
@ca J -z
.t.:. 330)
6(- ~:r-<~fj=6[Qr.,(TT+f;,+-i~(lft,1f.J]
= ((Cn?r
_,_ .i.S.:.,. r:K;
.,....6.
.-.fl.,,n,
-6
U
r-
&
-z
=2(- J:... 4i -
A
:. rTftl/'
=-33')
"",,,4s>=2(-tmi,;_,~ i,;;
3
rc~(11tS+.1tf)
+"- ..._ oao+"';11
.-. /J.,.,p.
-= 2.Z:l
75
(4J.it
(h):z:
(Ctr.J7T+-l.5i..7T):-
(Q\z _ Yj+1~:
l+2Jl3-c. = -t3Vi+1:N ~
\!_) I /-'1.Yjt X l+ZYJ1.
112
~
-fi+i ../:Z1 / =fi+l=2., l'C...a:~..cA:3i
.-.B= 154 :. z, :z.(c~/S1J+-l&.:...1st/J 12i=<<f.1J6+i~
.:;z,:z,_:2.(~ trtf+.i,S..:,.180) =-2'
Z'l. I
=22.(cnns+.i..s.;..135) =-2 +2<
<dJ ::z. =4(-<.1n22:/_"'. &:... 21:i;x3(-nt6i+-i.s;,.. t6h Q:z:.,
=IO(Cn 'It/+ -i:4..'I;} .. ;z,:z=l1Jx..f[c{7)(f;+,)
~
,
2
d
0
:: 4(crn .lf7+i.s.;.. J.t?)x 3(ctr.113 +.t &.;... 13)
+i. s;_ ('i't>+-SJ] ::2f"(-~8+i.C;n8)
= ( ccr..to+,is.;.. 6/J = + t'3 i.
=Z5(-t +~x JJ=-20+'5"<.,
-z:, = IOXZ [Cv.>(fo-tJ)+-<.s;...c'1o-B)]
~
o
Z'z.
5
O
(C)
. .
(h) z=
4 ( ~8 + .( CQ,>(9):
i_
+12:. <.
i-~<J
3:2o~n'J
G)2i:z z
2
= -6+8"-.
= -f.xsx![cV3120+<.s.;_12,)J
=l(!()).2.fo+..i.s.;..240)
=-1-fi;.
=2. [(Q)
;;::: lc(-Cc-:>tJ-.i.S:...,.~):IC(f+.JiJ
= s +6l
~
-3L/5
z, =
l!J-1,
ti) Z1 :
2.
(Cu.> /Zt>
ui) :z :::8fi(c1;1Ul["
+ ..i. ~YE)
.l.f
"f
=BPi.(enW+.ts.:...~;r; =-8-~<-
. ..
_//'[
(b) Z:::(Ctr.>
77
I EXERCISE ( 11) I
. .t5i~t'i - f-L.i. o R
-n+ ni.. ,
MC-
1 -Y3-".'
::z: = 'I cen 'lo+ ,s.;..,;) _._ 7M. ,,,,,Jo a--u. 3
.1..e. fi+l
cbJ
<((f:>
lfl
x 1- 2"i<. = -2t.-ztn~=-2~itii
l+Z~ <
1-ZYj'<'
l+tz
..Jzl-:: f'it+n. ::::~ 1 9=2.4/-~ Z:l{(C~ Z )fo .f-.('Ji..21to)
Y3i;(c~i1s+,'-:..6-;.s) 1 {f16(cU)2/.tM +i~ z .n.~)
:.'1% =2 (CQJtttf+l.s;... n..4):::-l+Y'f"i o ft
<tlJ z:: if (C-C1'Jt8o+i.S.....18i) ... '7k/101>k> a.u.
z. ~ 3ct5' +-ts.;.. 3oeJ= J - ff":
=300
,t7:\ %= z(5-3fi'.iJ
\'.:!._)
=c
. .=
0 :. l-
..a.:4 ,J, =: 3
.. 7L noo4 aMt. 2.. (~!So+ -i~ is;), '2.(cn 330 +(&.;.. 330)
f i ::.x.+ .i 'J
:. Z::(.z+-i.y)'L ='J.-:/-+2..i.:X.!J
=S"-121.
~--1.
5 .+ "t. '1.
..:ltf-- y'l.:::S Uh2. X Y= - IZ .. (2J ..:x+ 'J= 13
(b) ,,,_,__'Ji= IS . . (I) , 2 x 'I = B . l2.J :.~~2:, 17. { 3) F"ltn>dU+f-,J7 (JJ.-(IJ :.x :::J: 3 ,y = ::;::2.
/:.'JtJ'>rt(/)+(3) ,(3J...q} .. .x.:4 ,y:-:!::1
-f: 5
(C) :X. 1
uffZ=::X.+< 'J
'2.
'2.
"2.
Ca J ;x; -
.. rz::: rz-u"'
z =8
~ -fl+ff.i,
?!Ji/ :
a.+""=b =
2
Z-'4<'
3;
a-2
1. --3
fl.+ .. J< :J,..-.<
..,, -2.....
- , o
-
... .2.a.- ..
l.t+3i =:Z ... Yz=:x.+<' y
( l<n 2.1/b-+-t.' J,.;... v,;) :. Ii ;:2 t'i(t'fl)/'l0+./'3.4...126)
2
)t."l;_Y
(/)]2.:X.'J: 3 M ('Z) :.:X~!l :=$ (3)
a/Ii (<rn3tJo +<.:;.. 3ooJ= '12-ff"''
=./; ...
= - fi +ff-r.' g,1.
78
=l+ux 1~ =-1+1i,t1::J-1"-~1-t __ J_
3 .
a z:
/-./
1-1-,,.
/..+..&
2.
<.
1_". -
2.+<' ~-
:J: '-! =R. Jl.S.
--
@z:: 64(ct>'J21;,
.. z f
2.--<.
'"5 .. L..N.S.:[2.+<+2--t]
+.i~2.,;;
'(
. 3
.
f5El':
Ctn?o+""S:....'fo)
.If.<.
X=f: :. :z;,_:it(t.n21ti+.i~21/)
-z,=..,
= -:lfT-2i.
~: -~ ~ = J.t(Ctn 330 +-1 .s.:;.. 330)
=2V3-2.i
'
79
.. 'f=ei oR -1
L=
1+-'x l+"l
t+f:: 2-t='- !1:l::.:i~1- =-2"=-<':1
'
l+-4 1-J
2
1-.c
.13
..z.:5~
. .,
+3"
3.
=5"--
~=24.:2.(CtrJfo+-t"Si..fd)
K:/, ..
~.J= 2"2(co-J13S+ i
&.;..
n:!J =-2+2-t o~
-z--' -r
(36- 4(1-z.J.J
-~
= 3 Vii .... w ,
2.
"l
'?.
F"Zi =;JC+-t !J ..:it-Y =o . l'l}, ~XY=2 {3)
l_I-
,,.,
=0
'%
.-:. -z:.=cn
ISsw.:z=
4'>6~+1~,;=-14~
gB
2fi
=-t -!!/,i
7&.110~
4ILt..
1,-1,-1.,f+rfji, -f-Kf.i.
I EXERCISE ( 12) I
80
.-.&=V
Z:{; (,,
:::::6
81
82
L.fl.S. =Z-/2W-f
:/6-6w-6'u;'-1-I =I.if-
/()-1
7
--
i1
-_,..,,., .S.
D
@L.H.S.:.::fSt'
=:!:fii.
:fit' x ~=.:..::.,;;=
:(iff.i.')2
=3 i.
{[jj)L.H.S.:--,,---1
.:..::...:_::_.;_:_;:..::;::..
: ( C~( -8)
+,(,Si..:!!) ,
= fl.C~<-f>+-'S...c-/)
::: a,)"'11
)I. 2.
""
C<r.>:!!J'!
it
it :!J.
"f
%::(~~ +
=l-=~~:;;;.;..;_
= cm .IJB+-i.s.;.. J;.f
s.;,,/'e
3w+ 5t.1}
+ !![W
..:z.?. = w"l...(2.+3::x.-r'.f<.l) ~
= 2w +3ui1+s= w(2+3w
=w(z+3ld.+5J}:i:;.
1AJ
1+
L. 1-J. s.
b.j c,.+c.3
!
2.'-t
-'1
=3
'11 :i
(, 2.- "
12. 8 - 4
x2
; 3
11 34' -'1
2.
12 .It -~
I 0
= K. H- S.
,bf c,-c.
a.
-2.d 2.1
b -5el
-'8J 8
"13 S-5 SS
L /-1, S. : 36 43 46 , ~ 'l-12;
1 2. 12
.:: 24
a+
1
I 2.
f 12 l'i Z2
l?-1 =Z /'2.IZ. 12./7. IZ12.1
2-"1
1'1 ~'2.
'f'i.-13
=o=R- H.5.
87
0
~ /!f ,,,~Af~PfM>.-<r
Ml1'""4""
::t
22.(63+36)-
... LH.s.
@4y-2'Y-z.
=I l~L , :
()
/ ,o,c+Ci
-1
t I :: L +r1+N+1
:(l+L}(/+11+N)-L(l'f+N)
c o.
c
+Ca+ c., .. L. Jl.S.::: 0.-4-2
a.+2c
~I
1 a.c
11
Ci.cc.
<l+:Z.C
.b,-7/+'f11-7/+T3
a..1
o.c-c
I::::: (11.+-2c)x1.X<A-c.>xC<-c)
+ '!) ..
I;2 ~ ~ I
o 1-x 3
'=.e.1-1.5,
:=(
L. H.S. ::::::
b-e
h -ti
d-d
1 I. -ti
b-c
b-c
l:>+c.
b-c
, "1-Yi+1i1 -1'/+1'3
b+&.
2~
b_:u
b
YJ+ t":;i.
I=
(z.b-IJ;dx(2c-b)J1. b
.-.L.H.S.
11.
ab
~ ~/
i
.:i-c.1
b(c-11.J
= a.(c-b)
::. : :i I1-1'z.+ Y,
I ala i c
C
c (
b-c
o
o b-c
1 c
a. b
l:
-(C-a)(C-h)
-']+Jl2
_:
I
c.. 1
a.b
,,,,.
(c-a.)(6-.
blc-a.J
:.L./-1.S.-::. 4.(C-b)
a b
c){a-b)
o a."'-c'l. \
b~C.-i.
c~
~ -:;~')\ ~J ~Ca
1-
c-a.
b(b+c)-a.{a+c)J
-h"L+c(a.-b)]
(a.+b +c)
88
: (X-A)(X-b)
I
I~
b/ ,ei.,c,+c.,_
a.!:it
'ij :::.(X-12.)C.%-b)(a.+x.ff,)
-1 :f.
a. --;
:(.:IL-11) lx-1.)
@ 8!J
.. LHS
-CJ.+C1
-C.a+C3
a.-b
c-&
l:i"
o,1._ l,'L
ci_1:,-i.
Ia.~
L~b
\ ,
-a.
b t-i.
-C
CO-
~b
1 c.
o. bc .xJ>
c,"I.
.t..~.
c,'i-
"'~
@sy-Yj+Y,. , -1/+1J
I!+i:. . I , ~
ll:b::-f-i.-ca. ~ I
CA.
'i..H..j.
i
t,_ c~"" \
-C
I! t t~1-1: ~ :~1=0
..L.ff.s. :(/-L"r,,?.;1t.)-IM.. X
-c c.a. c-12.
._ (~-h)(c-h)(a.-c)
~ _:>1
:=(a-b)Cc-b)(P.-c)
bG
@eJ
:: (a.-b)(C-b)
:f.
-1.
:::(h-a.)(C-4)1
-C3 +Cz
b't.bA+4't
CZ...+CA.+0.'1.
-J
~i i~
J~ b~A (".4;;~h~J:._j
""lo C-4 (tAJi.<:'\+"4.:;jJ
=\J
bA-Jr?)
[fc-h)(c+b) +O.CC-hJ}::(b-.rJ<e-aJ~h)(ta+b+c)
ct:.,cb+<A.>\ =fb-o.)(c-'JI ~ 1:
.,a._"'
R. H.s.
I;.,
1:i!c-a.
&C
C::-4-
11>
-la+t+c)
2.C
J.,f/.S.:
-::.U}t-'J)
I ~~
:X:.-'J
:x
-'J
;JC.a
()
"'2<.Y-~)(;;t:.1-+J1..'J-t
C~tl,_
-1a..,..,.,r&
=2.{:X.-'J)\-~ :;w:~y ~
(C-0.) (C+Q.)
~y
l,b..,
la+2,)
(C+IJ'--{il+IJ"
(c.+;.j'1 -Co..+2)'1.
(4.+ii"
a"
lc-o
I
<A+l)'I.
1:1-ta..+2.
Cl>+zl'-<o.+al
C.+O.+'Z. C.+4.+l,
(4.-#-/),.
(4.'f"Z.)l.
:llC
:s
{b-a.;(c-A.)(C-b)~
2.4.f, .lf+lt
4,,.
t lt+4
:i
'4j
UO.
I
I
IP+a.+lt ;-'ft+l'J
a;x-Zy
c'.i,.(::r.-IJ}(-X"';,.,,:x'J-J?
(a.+I).,_
( b+O'l._(4+1} '1.
.a;'L
2.:>t-'Z'J
-71+13
h+(A.
c.+4
"J.:X-l!I
:x-':I
'Yz.;
t;t.z.
7..C.
._(A.+ h+c)
C-a.
I fiii> B~ -'f't+
v
Ib~ a.
;,,"cJ '~a.~c,+c::-~+"'3
6.0\
\:!2)8!1 tj+Y:L+tf
.If
()
I,.!ay-Ci+l'
-'1-+'-1
(h-<l)(C-o.)(.c-b}(l+l.t-I0.-1) ::J,(a-&JCl>-c)(a-C)
c..;.)(.
c.?
b"':+ lo:x.+-"1.
;x.,..
1
"
b+x t
c-h o
;x,1.
x.
b+x. 1
1
~.... ~ +J'-..,_,V-:.J&-c.x.
6'.x1.-~)]
-~-~+tt+~JJ'}
( o.3-bcz)::::: ~. 11.s.
0
II
SOLID
GEOMETRY
89
LINES
EXERCISE (1)
whether
true
(b)
one common
(e)
sets of
into two
sets
it true:
to
(b)
X=L,L
(c)
(h)
If the
,A .. y
(b)
st. lines
the
are ...
are two
a
to
not
then L .. .
plane Y.
whether each
(4)
horizontal st.
(e)
two
(j) If a st.
(g)
in
is parallel to each
Xis
to
thenAB//Y.
If two planes are parallel, then any st. line contained in one of them is parallel to any
st. line contained in the other plane.
(5)
reason:
+-1-
(a)
CEX, CEY
++
(c) DH cX
+-"'
(d)
DC
(e) ZnX = CD
(g)AB nDH=0
--
(j)XnYn Z=0
= (CJ
/
(6)
ex
--
~
(j) DH
//DC
(k) XnYnZ
DH c Z
(b)
c/ ,________..._,....
IfA, AD DA
v ,,.,i - - -- /
81, DC C6.
/
/
/
,,
---
(a)
AB , AD
(d)AB
~,
DD
EXERCISE (2)
(1)
........ ,
AC
(b)
AA cc....
(c)
(e)
A'd, cc
(j) AC
AC
- -,
I
BB
(b)
The lateral edges of the right prism are perpendicular to its bases.
(c) The oblique parallelepiped is an oblique prism each of its faces is the surface of a
parallelogram.
(d)
edges.
Axioms
(j)
(k)
(l~
equilateral triangle.
(2)
z, L' P.
........ and
(b)
The point B i! the line ....... , the line ........ and the line
(c) The point C E the plane ....... , the plane ........ and the plane ...... ..
(d) The point C i! the plane ....... and the plane ...... .
........+
(e)
.............. , ................ or
(h) The two st. lines
....................... are
and
two
an
is a
Z,L
, P as shoum in
(b)
(c)
Name
at
names of
which
intersect at D.
(d) Name two edges, which are parallel to the plane Y, and two edges, which are parallel
to
two
(e)
to
: ABCDA
prism, complete
statements to make it true:
(a) The edge AA II the edge ........ , and the
edge ......... , and the edge ....... , and
the plane .... ,
the
++
..++
~ ..
between AB, D D.
~,
, ,
(j) The face BC C B is the surface of .............. , and also each of the faces ....... ,, ... , ........... .
, .................. .
~
++
(g) AA
n BC
= .............. , AA,
BC
are ............................ .
++- - . . .
(h) Also AB
, DD are two ................. .
-+-+
(i)
The measure of the angle between AA, and CB = the measure of the angle ........ ..
.....+
_......,.-t+
I : A, B, C, Dare 4 distinct points in the space such that AB II CD, prove that AB, BC, CD,
~
(5)
(6)
Ir: L, M, N are three parallel lines. A fourth line K intersects them respectively at C, D, H.
Prove that these four lines are contained in the same plane.
(7)
: X, Y are two planes, intersecting at AB, Mis a point not belonging to any of them. Two
st. lines are drawn passing through M such that one of them intersects X at C and Y at
......+
0, and the other intersects X at D, and Y at H. Prove that CD,
HO
are two intersecting
+-;-
I : A, Bare two points lying in two different sides of a plane X, and if AB n X ={DJ, and
........
.....+
(9)
---
and the plane MAH by Y, and the plane MBO by Z, prove that:
(10)
(11)
at
011
: State whether each of the following statements is true or false and rewrite the
false one in the correct form:
(a)
If a st. line is parallel to a plane, then it is parallel to each st. line contained in this
plane.
(b) If each of two st. lines is parallel to a given plane, then, these two st. lines are parallel.
(c)
If two planes are parallel, then any st. line contained in one of them is parallel to the
other plane.
(d)
If a st. line is parallel to each of two intersecting planes, then this line is parallel to
their line of intersection.
(2)
.....-+
<--t"
(3)
I : TR is a st. line parallel to a plane X. Two parallel st. lines TH, and RO are drawn to
intersect the plane X at Hand 0. Prove that THOR is a parallelogram.
--.---~~
(4)
: AB, CD, HO are three parallel st. lines, and they are not in the same plane. Prove that
each of these st. lines is parallel to the plane which contains the other two st. lines.
(5)
I :The surfaces of the triangles MAB, and NAB form two distinct planes. Xis the mid point
- and Y is the mid point of MB.
- Prove that ~
of MA,
XY is parallel to the plane NAB. XH is
drawn to cut
that: XY //Ho.
(6)
I : X, Y are two planes intersecting at AB, Z is a third plane parallel to AB, and intersects
<---+- ~
the planes X, Y at CD,
HO respectively, prove that -CD II HO.
(7)
I : X, Y are two intersecting planes at AB, and the st. line CD lies in the plane X, and is
~
parallel to Y, and the st. line OH lies in the plane Y and is parallel to X. prove that:
-
+-
.............
I : X and Y are two parallel planes. A, B, Care three non-collinear points in X, and D, H, 0
(9)
~
AB , CD
are two skew st. lines, the plane X is parallel to each of them, and intersects BD
--
~ and LN II CD.
at N, and AD at M, CB at L. prove that MN II AB,
(10)
I : AB, CD lie in two different sides of the plane X, and each of them is parallel to X. If AC,
BD intersect the plane X at H, 0 respectively prove that:
AH:HC= BO: OD.
(11)
: MAB,
NAB are two triangles contained in two distinct planes. C, Dare the mid-points of
MA, MB respectively, prove that Co II the plane NAB . and if H, 0 are the mid points of
NA, NB respectively, prove that CHOD is a parallelogram.
(12)
I : ABCD is a quadrilateral, its sides are non coplanar. A plane X is drawn parallel to each of
BD, and AC, and intersects the sides AB, BC, CD, DA at the points T, P, R, H
respectively, prove that TPRH is a parallelogram.
(13)
I : ABCD is a quadrilateral, its sides are non coplanar. A plane Xis drawn parallel to each of
AC, BD, and intersects AB, BC, CD, DA at the points H, 0, L, M respectively. Prove
HO
HM
that + = 1.
AC
BD
I : ABCD is a parallelogram.Mis a point outside its plane. MA, MB are drawn. If OEMA,
MO MH
and HE MB such that: =OA
HB
MN parallel to the plane ABCD.
EXERCISE (4
(1)
....... +-+
I : AB/CD,
HO are three parallel lines, which are not in the same plane, and X, Y are two
~
<2>
Y are two parallel planes. The st. line Nintersects the plane X at A, and the plane Y
at 8, and the point, LE AB. Another st. line is drawn passing through L to intersect the
plane X at
/
: ABCDA BCD is a parallelepiped.Xis the mid point of MA plane Pis drawn passing
through X, B, C, and intersecting AD"at ,Y. Prove that: XBCY is a trapezium.
(4)
I : ABCDA B C D is a cube, the length of its edge =Bcm, H is the mid point of the edge BC.
/
A plane P is drawn to pass through the points A, H, C", and intersects the cube prove
that the section is a rhombus, and find its surface area.
<s> I
Y are two parallel planes, AD intersects the two planes respectively at B, C. The ray
is drawn to intersect X at Mand Y at N, and the ray DH is drawn to intersect Y at
K
X at H.
I : X, Y, Z are three parallel planes. The st. line L intersects them at A, B, C respectively.
Another st. line K intersects them at D, H, 0 respectively.
m I : x, Y, z are three parall~l planes, the st. line L, intersects them at A, B, c respectively,
and the st. line M intersects them at D. H, 0 respectively, and the st. line N intersects
= 2 : 3,
[3.6, 3, 4.5cm}
I : MABC ~ a triangular pyramid, its base is the triangle ABC, in which AB = 15cm, BC =
9cm, CA= 12cm. A plane is drawn parallel to the base ABC, to inl1'rsect MA at D, and
(9) . . : X , Y are two parallel planes, the st. line AD intersects them at B, C
respectively such that AB: BC: CD= 3: 4: 5. another stl. line is drawn
from A to intersect the planes X, Y at H, 0 respectively. Also from D a
(10)..
{16 cm2]
EXERCISE (5)
(1)
Perpendicularity of A Line
on A Plane
: State whether each of the following statements is true or false and rewrite the
false one in the correct form:
(a) The st. line which is perpendicular to another st. line contained in a plane X is also
perpendicular to the plane X.
(b) The st. line which is perpendicular to each of two parallel st. lines contained in a
plane X is also perpendicular to X.
(c) The two st. lines which are perpendicular to the same st. line are parallel.
(d) The two st. lines which are perpendicular to the same plane are perpendicular.
(2)
is the line of intersection of two planes X , Y. From a point A not belonging to these
planes, AB is drawn perpendicular to X to intersect it at B, and AC is drawn
perpendicular to Y to intersed it at C. prove that BC J. DH.
(3)
= 9 cm, AC=
- to intersect it at D. CH is drawn
: ABC is a triangle, CD is drawn perpendicular to AB
perpendicular to the plane ABC. Prove that AB is perpendicular to the plane CDH.
(5)
: BCD is an isosceles triangle, in which BC = BD, A is a point not belonging to its plane
such that AC
= AD,
AH is drawn
Perpendicularity
(7)
I : ABC, DBC are two isosceles triangles with a common base BC, and they form
two
distinct planes. M is the point of intersection of the medians of the triangle ABC, N is the
point of intersection of the medians of the triangle DBC. Prove that MN ..L BC.
(8)
I : ABCD is a triangular pyramid in which AC= CB, AD= DB, M (L ACD) = 90, N is
the mid point of AB, prove that:
AB is perpendicular to the plane NCD.
(First)
..__..
MH is drawn perpendicular to the plane ABC to intersect it at H. If the ray CH
intersects the edge AB at D, prove that AB is perpendicular to the plane MDC.
(10)
(11)
is the mid point of AC. Prove that ML is perpendicular to the plane ABC.
(12)
-- -
ABC, and
(First)
(Second) HO ..LDC.
(13)
M (ABC) = M (BAD)
-+
rJ_ r,:;
I :ABCDA B C D is a rectangular parallelepiped, the length of its diagonal A C = 2VJV
2cm,
./ I
-/
[12cm]
endiculari
(15)
base of a rectangular parallelepiped is a suiface of a square, and its height =6cm, and
the length of its diagonal equals 10cm. Find the suiface area of its base.
/ / /
[32cm2J
~h.
B C D is a cube, the length of its diagonal equals 12 y3 cm,X is the mid point of
-.....
77
...
[18cml
are two parallel st. lines. From a point T in the space, TM is drawn
to AB, and from M, MN is drawn perpendicular to ~
CD. Prove that:
- -
and N is a point outside it, the st. line AB c X, NM J.. AB and intersects it
-
++
-+
....;.. +-lo
If the point HEMOand
HU/AB.
sides of the quadrilateral ABCD are not in the same plane, each of the angles ABC
is a right angle. IF T, K, R, 0 are the mid points of AC,
Bc, i5,
AD
prove that: X, Y, Z, L are in the same plane, and they form the
are
--
Perpendicularity
(24)
(First)
..._.
--
...
.~
(25)
---
.
: ABCD is a parallelogram.
A plane Xis drawn containing CD. AM, BL are drawn
perpendicular to the plane ABCD, and intersect the plane X at M, L respectively. Prove
that LMDC is a parallelogram.
(26)
= 7cm,
BC
= Bern.
perpendicular to the plane of ABCD such that BH =AO = 6cm. Prove that: CDOH is a
rectangle, and find its surface area.
[70cm 21
(27)
- -
: The sides of the quadrilateral ABCD are not in the same plane, and Ac J_ BD.
AK. is
: ABCD is a triangular pyramid in which AD ..L plane BDC. The st. line XY is drawn
- -
(C ORTHOGONAL PROJECTION J)
EXERCISE (6)
(1)
(i)
[30"]
[ 13
2
Vil
.......
I : A point A lies outside a plane X, AB
is drawn from A to intersect the plane X at B. If the
length of AB =28cm, and the length of its projection on the plane X is 14cm, find each of
+-+
the measure of the inclination angle of AB on the plane X, and the length of the
perpendicular drawn from A on X.
(3)
[60 , 14 {3cm]
19.Scm. Prove that AH = HB, then find measure of the inclination angle of AH on the
rectangle plane.
(4)
[45"]
I : ABCDHORQ is a rectangular parallelepiped. The length of its edge BC is 12cm, and the
(5)
length of its diagonal is 25cm, if the diagonal AR inclines on the base ABCD by an angle
4 Find the lengths of AH
- and AB.
whose tan is _.
[20cm, 9cm]
3
: ABCDA If Crf is a cube, the length of whose diagonal is 12 Fem. Prove that any of the
diagonals of the cube inclines to the face which intersects it by an angle whose cosine
equals
(6)
!:.... {6.
3
I : ABCA BC is a right triangular prism, its base is an equilateral triangle ABC, the length
of its side equals 10cm.
[60.]
I : A right quadriangular pyramid its base is the square ABCD, the length of whose side
equals 8
{2 cm,
and the length of each of its lateral edges equals 16cm, and the
perpendicular segment drawn from the pyramid vertex intersects the base ABCD at its
centre N. Find measure of the inclination angle of any lateral edge on the base.
(8)
[60 "]
I : MABC is a right triangular pyramid its base is the equilateral triangle ABC, the length of
whose side equals 12cm, and the length of each of its lateral edges equals 4 {icm, and
the perpendicular segment drawn from the pyramid vertex intersects the base ABC at its
centre. Find the length of this segment and Tan the inclination angle of any of the lateral
edges of the pyramid on the base.
[Scm, :__
3
/I
(9)
/\
VJ
r::;-
: MABC is a triangular pyramid, in which m (MAB)= m (MAC)= 90, MB= 6 -y3 cm,
and measure of the inclination angle of MC on the base ABC equals 3Q, and the length
of the projection of MC on the base ABC equals 9 {3cm calculate:
(First)
[18cm, 60 "]
(Second) Tan the inclination angle of any of its edges on the corresponding base equals
{2.
(11)
I : BCD is a right angled triangle at C, in which BC = 6cm, CD = 8cm. The point A does not
belong to the plane BCD such that AB
CH is drawn. Prove that: AH J. plane BCD, then find Tan the inclination angle of the
12
[
]
st. line AC on the base BCD.
5
EXERCISE (7
(1)
(3)
[12, 16cm]
"
measure of BAC = 60 , calculate the length of DH, and .sine. the inclination angle of it
"'!!"!"""._..
(5)
[25cm,
A
'!:_jj1
5
I ; ABC is a right angled triangle at C, in which M (B) =30, AB=: Bcm. AM is drawn
perpendicular to the plane ABC such that AM =4 "12cm. Prove that MC .l CB, and
find M (L MBC).
(6)
~
m I : x, y are two planes intersecting at AB,
M is a point does not belong to any of them, MC
-+
- MB.
- MD
-- is
I : MABC is a triangular pyramid, in which MC perpendicular to each of MA,
(8)
---
(9)
prove that:
(First)
(10)
~EAB,
MNc Y and makes an
~
-+
Sin (NMC)
- ...
--
~-.-(12)
--
J_
DA
I : MX , MY are perpendicular to each other and contained in the same plane, and a point T
/\
/\
= M(TMY)
= 60. TZ is drawn
(First)
plane XMY.
...
.~
-...._.,.~~
(13)
---
: AB, AC, AD are non coplana r st. lines in the space. BC, CD, DB are drawn such that: ,
.....-+ CD ..L AB,
BD ..L AC.
Prove that AD ..L -BC.
EXERCISE (8)
(1)
I : State whether each of the following statements is tme or false and rewrite the
false one in the co"ect form:
(a) Measure of the dihedral angle between two planes is the measure of the angle between
two st. lines one of them is contained in the first plane and the second is contained in
the second plane.
(b) The dihedral angle between two planes is measured lJy only one coplanar angle.
(c) The two planes are perpendicular if there exists a st. line contained in one of them
such that it is perpendicular to another st. line contained in the second plane.
(d) The two planes are perpendicular if there exist two intersecting st. lines contained in
one of them such that each of them is perpendicular to a st. line contained in the
second plane.
(e)
If each of two intersecting planes is perpendicular to a third plane, then the line of
intersection of the first two planes is parallel to the third plane.
(2)
I :ABC is a right angled triangle at B, BC= 24cm, AD is drawn perpendicular to the plane
-<-+
ABC such that AD= 5cm, CD= 26cm. Calculate M (L D - BC - A), then write the
names of two planes each of them is perpendicular fo the plane ABD giving reason.
{301
(3)
names of two planes, each of them is perpendicular to the plane DXY giving reason [45 1
Dihedral Angles
(4)
(5)
........
= 8cm. Find M (L
C-DB-A),
[45 1
J_
[601
: MABC is a triangular pyramid in which MA= 8cm, MB= 10cm, MC= 17cm, AB=
6cm, AC
= 15cm. Prove that the plane ABC is perpendicular to each of the planes MAB,
MAC.
(7)
I : ABC
[30 , 30 1
++
( L D - BC - A), then
[601
N is the point of
{301
(10)
12cm, M ( L M- BC-A)= 30, Dis the mid. point of BC, MB= MC. Find the length of
[2 {.i:45 1
[DD
(11)
Dihedral Angles
I\
angle of the dihedral angle (A - BC - D). Prove that the plane AHD .1. the plane BCD,
CD=BD.
(12)
I : AB is a chord of a circle with centre M, and its length equals 6cm, and measure of the
central angle AMB equals 60. MN is drawn perpendicular to the circle plane, where
NA= 3 {icm. Find M ( L N -
I : The two equilateral triangles ACD, BCD are not contained in the same plane. Prove that
Co .1. AB. If the length of the side of each of the two triangle equals 2Lcm and AB =
E
[601
I : ABCD is a square, the length of whose side is 12cm, and its diagonals intersect at M. AN
is drawn perpendicular to the plane of the square such that AN = 6 {2cm. Find measure
~
of each of (LA - BD - N), (L B - AN - M), then prove that the plane NAC is
[45 , 45 1
I : MA, MB, Mc are three mutually perpendicular line segments, where MA= 4116cm,
~
M - BC - A), M ( LB -
AM - D), then prove that the plane MAB .1. the plane MAC.
[60 , 45 1
MB
~
(16)
such that AM= 4.8cm, AB =6cm, BC= 10cm. find M (L A - BC - M), then write the
names of two planes, each of them is perpendicular to the plane AMC giving reason.
[45"1
Dihedral Angles
(17)
I :ABCD is a regular pyramid, the length of its edge is 9cm, its vertex is A, and the centre of
its base is M, 0 is the mid point of CD. Find measures of the dihedral angles:
~
(A - CD - B), (C - AM - D), then determine, with the proof three planes, each of them is
perpendicular to the plane BCD.
(18)
[120 , 70.53
I : MABCD is a quadriangular right pyramid its base is the square A BCD, the length of
whose side is L {2 cm, and the length of its lateral edge is 2Lcm. If N is the centre of its
-
.........,
base, and 0 is the mid point of AB find M (L M - AB - N), M (LA - MN - 0), then
[45 , 67.79 1
=6cm, BC = 2
of its diagonals. HM is drawn perpendicular to the plane of the rectangle such that
..........
{301
I : ABCA/ B C is a triangular right prism, its base is an equilateral triangle, the length of
/
whose side equals 10cm. If AA= 10 {icm, D is the mid-point of BC, Find:;;-
(First)
[63.4
Measure (L B - AX - D)
[30 1
I : ABCD is a horizontal plane intersects the plane of the parallel~gram ABOH at AB, and
measure of the dihedral angle between them is 60 .
If M
(ABH)
= 30 , BH = 40cm.
Calculate the length of the segmen t HN, which is drawn perpendicular from H to the
plane ABCD to intersect it at N.
cube, the length of its edge is 8 cm. Prove that tan M (A - BD-A)]
,,
- CD - B)
= 60. AO is drawn
perpendicular on BH to
[6
VJcml
AB and intersects
.....+
THE FU
SOLUTIO
OF
SOLi
GEOMET
115
SOIJD GEOllIBTRY,
EXERCISE ( 1 )
~,:
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(q)
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n, LJ
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a. p /4od.- X : cf l ..CE X, k
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c
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119
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35
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1-----------------
I EXERCISE ( 6) I
..L
p/4-L A/JCJ)
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"""J ...cup.I~ x
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36
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-t = ~'!" ='l
R
@ .: H .. ..rJA. -:Ctl-t!_"'BD,
\~,;
i,o~I
.A BC 1)
AMJIAleJ-,,
H .ff ./h. .,,.i,l.pf. "(81)
I>
-ft-
.?._
z.
.&
..2L"-=3'1.
qf\.-a
It.Sf'
\le,,.
~,[H- '1- -
ll
I
c;
-11-
IA.(/I~):
t: =-4
EXERCISE ( 7)
. .- U
123
x NY
@ : rwJ.p/a,u
.
.... f:.'"'f-...:f
:.!:k'....L M'f
Tk '
"1
: 19s
: (ADJ'l.
=(ABJ4+(8CJ~(cDl
1
: z
:D
~---+..--,I
.iA
Ju
P.Mj-
&
M br----,i.-...J~
o11 w;u-1&.o,
c.-.
col.ttzj<IMJ'( -4..t- ~;
Sfi
= 70
--
1)J7aar B
~
1.D
MX :. JVzLHX,
tl/U.
@ 'J).JUUV lltl- L
;\ )
fl
btUt. B CD
__,.
!!._ , C Al, 'IJ'!_
J)
~X_,_~--1---1
.._ ~ K /'1 z
trn X : .
A vll ....Nt1
. lcr;>( T/"frv - r11
ff =lt><=n
IV.1'1 =s fi.
../-/c.Lc.D ,._.ec..ia~
v.i
oA/. _o-f ~
...L -k N .. ll""'r-
P~/tMwk11:z
:. {/IBJ-z.+ 18c/1-::::.(l/C) 2 1
. (/f:J)}-z.= ( llC)'l.+(c..I))
..L
: :Zff
:>t
~
..AN .1. C.D; 118.l. c']) _
c
. C'f> .J. p (~ 11.BN , 8X c .fii, p-/""" CJ) .1. BX . Aho c.. y j_ B:D . DZ .Lac
. Be -1. p-1~ A ND, AD c. ~ pl~: .8c.J..Af;
<r{ t1111 MS
.LpA~ MA 8
EXERCI SE ( 8)
..ABl..p#a.....c.c.MD
tO\ ...
ro
Au.. Ut.
'JJLN 1
J.. DN
trtr..lk ~
c.,..
0 :
13
=ltJtJ :. ZJB=lb'-
~ (AB D) =/} -= t ... ''1 (J9BJ)) =30.
..
E4cJ ..-f& t;.i o p/44t.u ABC, "D8C .l..p/AMIJfJD
~c.(UUA.. tad C#>tt4i.w Sl ~ .ia
..L p14.o..(. A DB
124
.. AD ..L BC ,
A
(/I-BC
- N), ?r1(8)
66"
. llD ltJSi-. {t) = ,.-~ c-
::::?'11
:. ~ 11t11
.. f111 .l.
=:; =
11.d."'(. AS
;1~ ~er/.( B-
~ .._,<l'1ii1v =3;,
;~ .-. ~ BA1) ~ tL
:JJ.8:::: :DC .
125
1111/'I, 11 llC , lltf J.. ,.I.-. A /J' u.4 -{~
p/""""4 J..p /"""'- llBC , : 13/J .l. !iC 1 411 .J...Jili
AA
AIU.
"
~"""
. 80
J.. C'J)
"
"
.. &J : '/s.i..66.=1z:/!j)
C
tto=-f BtJ =~ f3 , /l(J:: Bo = { t3 c-, .tacJ,o{ Bo,AO
/
~{8C])) ::-oO
Nl'f
'1)
~---+i~
/M'/ r(
AH...LBD
. . fr'tYLBD,Atf=~fi,
L.. F/ N
iA a pk.,. 4-t/~
-
C"-----~(g
';
1'2.C-
' II"'
.. 111J .iA ~ ~-
C.c;.._
. +-+-r-~B
1J
B/11iud"(/"!/l 7
/'fC ..
BffLp/o-a. Attc ,
(>/If
../...
If
AN
126
801. OH
Bo ..L f'-la-c.. AoH,
: Bo cpl.-.. Bo H .. pla...1.BO H J..plo-e AoH
@:Sc = 81J..!..H;,, -4
-mi.rl-pi: of c 1J
.; L!!f ..L CV . 19k
'.1)
;t/H ..l CD
... CD 1. pl4MA-A8H'
CD c p.IOM.L BCD
.-. pl/MA- Bc.D Lpk.llBH ,
~
.,C.fl/.113 i4 ap./-.,_ a...9'4. "((.4.A- CD-8)
:.?n(l/;8)
144
:= 12 e;.w
::: De , /1 B =/1 c,
l"fJJ
r-""
11
fi4c.f
--
JJJ/4'11
{f}iy.-.t Ac nBD = t Hf
8 ff c.. IJH=4fi ' .. 11H ...Lan , fiHio
:u,.,_.J:..'9
s;;,,.,_ _ _ __
'i vi-; I
' !'
....... ..,_ ~
I( /-1
:. A H ..L ~
~""
.. ..::::: 11H11 AA a. p1...,,.
c'c.L 8 D ,
::. v-21
'tff
C
BcAcl-BD .. B'D .L pl4-Acc", BDc
B DDB .. plt.kt.L BDDtf .1. r1~
@ 1J.m::uv 1711
])AAW
M .. 0/"f ~
trn
,Jk_
f'1
~ of
~tbJ~i'iulu.. x ''(
"7
a. rl"'nL
.L.48
z . ~1
~% <..::lf-B"D-t1J
-, -- J&IB II !Z
118//C.1)
/Jt4!1 i ,l/B II OH
c 1> /I oH
A,,.,
AC-:::
@:..!" nz =tD,
IV
MECHANICS
127
128
First: Statics
Friction
Problems ol Body Equilibrium on a Rough Plane:
(1)
A body of 13.Skg.wt is placed on a horizontal rough plane and the friction coefficient
between them is ~ A
wt is a horizontal
acted on the body and it is still in
equilibrium state. Prove that the body is not about to start motion, and that the force of
friction is equal to~ of its limiting value.
6
(2)
A body of 45kg.wt is placed on a horizontal rough plane and the friction coefficient
between them is~ 113. Find:
3
a. The magnitude of the least horizontal force to make the body about to move.
b. The magnitude and the direction of the resultant reaction.
(15 v3, 30 v3 kg. wt., 30' with the vertical)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
A body of 16kg.wt is placed on a horizontal rough plane and the friction coefficient
between them is 1/4. Find:
a. The least force acting on the body inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle whose
Cos is 3/5 so that the motion is about to start.
b. The magnitude and the direction of the resultant reaction.
(5, 3 v17kg.wt, tan e =1/4)
A body of mass 60 grams is placed on a horizontal rough plane, and the angle of friction
between the body and the plane is 30. Find:
a. The least horizontal force to move the body
b. The least force inclined to the horizontal at 30 that is sufficient to move the body.
(20'13, 30gm.wt)
A body of mass 24 kg is placed on a horizontal rough plane and a horizontal force of
Bkg. wt acted on it so that the motion is about to start. Find: The least force acting on
the body inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle equals 45 which is sufficient to
move the body.
{V2kg.wt)
A body of 40kg.wt is placed on a horizontal rough plane, a force acted on it of 20kg.wt
in a direction inclined to
horizontal at on angle whose tan is 3/4. Find: the force of
friction. And if this force
to be
wt so that the motion is about to begin,
find the coefficient
{16kg.wt, 4/5)
A body of 48 Newton
rough plane. The body is about to move
when a horizontal
on it. Find the coefficient of friction. If this
force is changed
it became inclined to the horizontal plane at
such
129
(8)11
an angle whose tan equals 3/4 and the body is still in an equilibrium state, find the
coefficient of friction and investigate whether or not the motion is about to begin.
(3/8, 10.8, No)
A body of mass 36 kg.is placed on a horizontal rough plane, and 11 force
72kg.wt
acted on it that makes with the plane an angle of 30 downwards so that it is about to
move. Find the coefficient of friction between the body and the plane, and the
magnitude and direction of the resultant reaction.
1
(9)a
A body of mass 60kg is placed on a horizontal rough plane, a force of a 30kg. wt acted
on it in a direction inclined to the horizontal at an angle e, so that it is about to slide,
and then a force of 60kg. wt. acted on it in an opposite direction to the first force, so that
it is about to slide also. Find the coefficien t of friction and find the angle e.
(~ '\/3, 30)
(10)
A body of mass 26gm. is placed on a horizontal rough plane, the body is about to move
under the action of two forces of magnitudes 7 and 8 gm. wt. acting horizontally on the
body and the angle between them is 60 . Find the an gle of frictio n between the body
and the plane.
1
(Tan 0-)
{ll)m
z
A body of mass 75gm is placed on a horizontal rough plane, and the coefficient between
the body and the plane is~. Two equal fo rces act on the body horizontally and the angle
3
between them is 120 so that the motion is about to start. Find the magnitude of the
two forces.
{2Sgm.wt)
(13)11
(14) A body of weight W is placed on a horizontal rough plane and the friction coefficient
between them is Tan A, it is pulled with a string in a direction inclined to the horizontal
at an angle e, if the body is about to slip. Prove that the tension equals = W Sin A Sec (e
- A).
130
(15) A body of 25kg. wt is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at angle whose
(16)
(17)
sin is 3/5, given that the coefficient of friction between the body and the plane equals
1/5. Find the least force acting on the body parallel the plane to prevent sliding.
(llkg.wt)
A body of mass 10 kg. is placed on a plane inclined at 30 'to the horizontal, and the
body is about to slide down. Find the force acting on the body parallel to the plane that
makes it about to move up the plane.
(lOkg.wt)
A body of mass 26 kg is placed on a rough plane which is
to the horizontal with
12
an angle whose Sine
It is noticed that if a
acts on the body in the
direction of the greatest slope upwards, it
to move up the plane.
Find the coefficient of friction.
(.:)
5
(18) A body of weight 65 Newton is placed on a rough plane which is inclined to the
5
(19)
horizontal and the friction coefficient between them is . A force of 112 gm. wt. is acts
5
on the body parallel to the line of the greatest slope
body is still in
equilibrium. Find the magnitude and the direction of the force of friction in this case.
Determine is it the limiting magnitude or not, & mention
change that should happen
to the magnitude of the force so that the body is about to move up the plane.
increased to 120 gm. wt.)
(37 gm. wt. downwards, No, the force magnitude should
(20) A body of 380gm. wt is about to slide under the action of weight, when placed on a
rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of tangent 1/4. If the body is placed
on a horizontal plane with the same roughness as the inclined plane and a tension force
acts on the body inclined to the horizontal at an angle of Sin 3/5 upwards, so that the
motion is about to start. Find the magnitude of the force and the normal reaction.
(100, 320gm.wt)
(21) A body is placed on a rough plane that's inclined to the horizontal at an angle of
measure e. If it is known that the body is about to slide downwards under the action of
its weight, prove that e is equal to the angle of friction between
body and the plane.
""" And also prove that the magnitude of the least force parallel to
greatest
slope can make the body move upwards is equal to {2W Sine); where Wis the weight of
the body.
131
(22 ) A body of 18kg.wt placed on rough inclined plane. It is noticed that the body is about to
slide down when the plane is inclined to the horizontal at on angle 60. If the inclination
of the plane to the horizontal is to be decreased to 30. Find the magnitude of the force
of friction &, calculate the least force acting on the body parallel to the line of the
greatest
that prevents the body from sliding.
(9, 18kg.wt)
(23) A body of 10kg. wt is placed on an inclined rough plane. When the plane is inclined to
the horizontal at on angle 30, the body is about to slide down . If the inclination of the
plane to the horizontal is to be increased to 60, calculate the least force acting on the
body parallel to the line of the greatest slope:
a. To prevent sliding.
b. To make the motion about to begin upwards.
(~ '1/3,
0
2
3
v3kg.wt)
(24) A rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle whose Cosine is 5/13, a body of
weight 65 kg. wt. is placed on the plane. A force parallel to the line of the greatest slope
acts on the body, given that the coefficient of the friction equals 2/5. Find the limits
between which the acted force lies so as to make the body in on equilibrium state.
(50, 70kg.wt)
(25)11
A body of 500 gm. wt. is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angel
of measure 0, such as Tan 0 =4/3. The body is then attached to a string passing over a
smooth pulley at the top of the plane and a scale pan of 25 gm. mass is attached to the
other end of th e string. If the least weight to be added to the pan to keep the body in
equilibrium is 175 gm. wt. Find the coefficient of friction & then prove that the
maximum weight that can be added to the pan without disturbing equilibrium is 575
gm.wt.
(26) A body of l Okg.wt is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of
30. Th e body is connected to a string passing over a smooth pulley up the plane parallel
to the line of the greatest slope. When a body of 8 Kg. wt. is hanging from the other end
of the string, the body becomes about to move up the plane. If this weight is replaced by
another weight of W, the body is about to move down the plane. Fin d:
a. The coefficient of friction
b. The magnitude of W
(~'113,
(27)
2Kg.wt}
(28 ) A body of 150 gm. wt. is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle
of measure 0 . The body is then attached to a string passing over a smooth pulley at the
132
133
{35) A body of 3Kg.wt is placed on a rough plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of
measure 30 so it is about to slide down. If the inclination of the plane to the horizontal
becomes 60. Find the magnitude of the force acting in the direction of the line of the
grea test slope that m akes the body about to move downwards. And if this force is
replaced by another horizontal force, prove that its magnitude will be equal to that of
the first force.
(v3Kg.wt)
(36) A body of 8 Kg. wt. is placed on a rough plane inclined at angle 45 to the horizontal. It
(37)
(38)
is noticed that the magnitude of the least horizontal force that can act on the body and
keeps it in equilibrium is 4 Kg. wt. Fin d:
a. the coefficient of friction
b. the maximum value of this force
(1/3, 16Kg.wt)
A body of weight "W" is placed on a rough plane inclined at angle e to the horizontal.
And the angle of friction between the body and the plane is "L". Prove that the
magnitude of the force "F" acting in the direction of the line of the greatest slope
upwards and prevent the body from sliding equals: W Sin {G-L) Sec L.
A horse is pulling a stone with a rope along a road tha t's inclined upwards to the
horizontal at an angle H while the rope is inclined to the road at an angle of measure
e given that the angle of friction between the road and the stone equals L and that
the horse is about to move the stone. Pro ve that the magnitude of the tension in the
rope is at its minimum when G=L and calculate this magnitude when the mass of the
stone equals 1000 kg, H+L = 35.
0
(574kg.wt)
{39)11
Two bodies of weights 3 & 4 kg. wt., connected with a light string coincide on the line of
the greatest slope of a rough inclined plane, the coefficients of friction between the 2
bodies and the plane respectively are 1/3 and 1/2. If the measure of angle e between
the plane and the horizontal is increasing gradually, determine which of the bodies will
be placed under the other so as the two bodies start to move together, and mention the
reason. Then prove that Tan e = 3/7 when the two bodies are about to slide together.
0
134
ill..11..: If II
II = 7
30, Find:
(2) . Ifjj
of AB,
135
___...
.........
(i) The algebraic p roj ection of BD in the direction of each of BC, AB
__....
(ii) AB BD.
...._
..\
[6 ,- 4.6 ,- 40.61
A
lo
...>.
......
....:..
33
....>..
l -
/,;"~
= v3 i- 2 j
: If A
=-
).
i +3
{!J,A.
v3 j,
132 .A
99 "
25
25
, 6.6, - i - -JI
65
find :
....>..
(i) Measure of the minor angle between A- , B.
.......
_,._
......
A.
.......
J_
to A .
A
r:;:;.
r:;:J.
: If A = (2 ,-9), B
= (-
vector :
-""
V
(11)
.A
=5 i + BJ
: If A
51 /\
68 A
[3.4 ,- - i + -JI
in the direction of AB .
= (-3, 1),
(12)
(1 3)
=i
25
25
=9 i- 2 J in ea.ch of
_.5
+ 3 j in the direction of B
51.
=3 i + m j
equals 3 ,
-a...
-:ii..
28J11
i
5
-:..
find the value of m, and A 0 B , and the vector component of A in the direction ofB.
' 9 A 12J.
{4' 16' - i + -ii
5
5
A
~ ~
: If C is a unit vector p erpendicular to each of a , b , () is the measure of the minor
...)I,.
.....
......
-:..
(iii)
If ct
If
II
l II =
tr -a-11
BN
13N ,
.......
II b II
.....
= 4.5m
II b II = 6m
8 = 60".
= 90" .
= 150.
-I.
II b II = 15m
40gm .wt
JI.
[18 Y C, 78 C, 300 CJ
A
. . . . ..... .......
: If C is a unit vector perpendicular to each of a , b , 11 a If= 4.5 N, II b 11 = 32 m ,
~
(14)
...
...
a 0 b = 72
&r-;:
1 3 N.
..a...
_..
meter. Find a x b .
[72CJ
137
A
(24) .
c x (b
:; ;
=
x
x
(26)
(28)
(29)
(30) .
(31)
(32)
+j
138
(3.""""5_.)'!!!!!.-:If
a=
_..
i + 4j
_..
"
= 3i-j
(4
(36)
.....
: If a
= i +' 2 j
a x
=8N
tr +/la
ll
b = 3 i + 4j
-.tr..
prove
(38)
..db>~
=b
(a
JI.
= 2i + 7j
~....Jio..~
8 <f)-c (a 8 b)
-..:....
x F1 + P2 x F2
_:...,
0 .
[3 ,-6]
139
(1)
_....
: If the force F
=2 i
= (i
forceF:
J\
=4i
: The force Fi
[ -13k' 6 kl
"
[-14 kl
origin point.
-
the origin point (0) , then calculate the length of the perpendicular drawn from the
point (0) to the line of action of F.
...._
[15
k, 3{5units]
_._
: The force F = 4 i-3} acts at the p oint A= (5 , 8). Find the moment vector of F about
=(3, 5), then calculate the length of the perpendicular drawn from (B) to
the point B
_,.,
: The force F 1 = 3 i-7 j acts at the origin "point (0) , and the force F2 =-3 i + 7 j acts at
the point A= (6, iJ. Proue that the moment vector of Fi about A equals the moment
(6)
point B
=i
: The force F
= (1 ,- 4)
=(2 ,-i) .
......
= (7,
lMs= Ol
[3]
-
: The force F = 3 i-mj acts at the point A= (4, 7) , and the moment vector of F about
the origin point equals the moment vector of F about the point B = (-1 , 3), find the
[9]
value ofm .
(9)
....i..
: The force F = 4 i- 3 j , acts at the point A = (3 , 6) , find the moment vector of F with
respect to each of the points B = (-2 , 4) , and D = (2 , i) , then determine the position
......
of BD relative to the line of action of F
[parallel]
= (1
141
, 2) , then find the distance between the line of action of this resultant
A
{-30 k , 3 units]
(19)
A....._
A_...
A;._..
of this resultant.
{60 k , 4
A
....._A
(20)
{i unit]
A
-A
: The force Fi= Li+ mj acts at the point A= (1, 2), and the force F2 : i-3} acts
_..
A A
at the point B == (0, 4) and the force F3 =-2 i + j acts at the point C = (2 ,-4). Find
the values of the constants L , m , given that the moment vector of the resultant of
A
these forces about the origin =-9 k, and vanishes about the point D == (-2, 3).
{2, 5]
~
......._
=L i~2 j
A.
_..
: Three forces : Fi
;..
= i2.5 k find :
'
(i) The moment vector of the resultant of these forces about D.
(ii) Magnitude of the resultant of these forces.
+-+
(iii) The perpendicular distance between BD and the line of action of the resultant.
A
(22)
=i
_,.,
/\
: Three forces : Fi
resultant of these forces bisects BC, and find the perpendicular segment drawn from
each of B , D to the line of action of the resultant and find its equation.
~
7 Ari:
...-4.
--4
(23)
;,.
....1..
"
: Two forces, F1 = 7 i + 2 j , F2 =
A
vector of their resultant about the point 0 (0, 0) equals-42k, and about the point A
A
(1, 5) equals iok. Find the values of L, m, then find magnitude of their resultant,
and the
resultant.
-{26. !_ jii;J
26
142
(1)
points B , C
at
act
sum of algebraic
(2)
:A
BC=
cm,
, and two
act at
aboutH.
(3)
such
20
B,
measures of moments of these forces about C
moments
: ABCD is a square , the length of its side is 6cm.
"\IZirU:tr1'LlJ'll
act along
u&U111::16'l$
of these forces
(5)
4,6
..........
and 5gm.wt act along AB, BC
1. .-uuL"''-"
at B,
act along
which AB
__.,,.
=__,,...
of
sum
143
: AD is a light horizontal rod. The point B, is taken on AD, such that AB = 60cm, BD
--
v'2 N acts at
- -- -
: ABC is an equilateral triangle, the length of its side is Bcm. Forces of magnitudes 4 , 7
, and 3gm.wt act along AB , BC and AC. Find the sum of algebraic measures of
moments of these forces about each of A , B , C and the mid point of B C.
[ 28 {i,
(9)
12
{i,
16
{i.
2 {igm .wt.cm]
- --
: ABC is an equilateral triangle, the length of its side is 6cm. Forces of magnitudes 40 ,
60, 80 gm.wt act along AB , BC, AC respectively find the sum of algebraic measures
of moments of these forces about :
(First) The mid point of BC .
medians of L\ ABC
[60 F,- 20 JSgm.wt.cm]
(10)
: ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB =BC = 12cm, and measure of the angle ABC
:;-;t
= 120. Three forces of magnitudes 8 .rn
3 , 10 , 6 gm.wt act along AJj
, BC, AC
respectively'. Find the sum of algebraic measures of moments of these forces about
each of A, B, C .
[:r 60
(11)
--->
-+-
__,...
(12)
F," 19 ~m.wt.cm]
II
- -
AB, CB , Cf5,
[ 162 , 102,
::t
156,
::t
108 Newton.cm]
145
(1)
(2)
(3)
...... _...
: Fi, F2 are two parallel forces having the same direction, the distance between their
lines of action equals 20cm. If their resultant equals 280gm. wt, and acts at a distance
...)..
of 4cm from the line of action of Fi Find the magnitude of each of the two forces.
[224, 56gm.wt]
(4)
: Two parallel forces, of opposite directions and of magnitudes F1 , F2 where F 1 > F2 act
at the points A and B respectively of a rigid body. If AB =40cm. and magnitude of
their resultant equals 54gm.wt, acting at the point C EAB, where BC
(5)
_.,
= 60cm.
Find
[81 , 27 gm.wt]
: Two parallel forces F1 , F2 act at two points A and B respectively of a rigid body. If
magnitude of their resultant = i40gm.wt, and acts at point C, where AC= i5cm. BC
_...
....
[ 80, 60gm.wt]
[ 420, 560gm.wt]
(b)
(6)
: Two parallel forces having the same direction. Magnitude of the first force is 90gm.wt,
a~
acts at a point A of a rigid body, the second force acts at the point B of this body.
If the resultant of these two forces acts at the point C on AB, where BC equals 24cm,
and magnitude of the resultant is 150gm.wt. Find the length of AB .
{40cm]
Parallel Forces
(7)
146
..... and F are two pa~l forces having opposite directions. If F =36gm.wt, F < F
:F
1
1
1
2
2
, magnitude of their resultant =24gm.wt. and acts along a st. line 50cm distant from
the line of action of F 1 . Find the distance between the two lines of action of the two
forces.
(8)
[20cm]
: F 1 and F2 are two paral'lel forces having opposite directions, and act at two points A ,
~
B of a rigid body, and their resultant R acts at the point C, where CE BA,
AC = 25cm,
....
: The magnitude qf the resultant of two paral'lel forces is 324 Newton, and magnitude
of one of the two forces is 72N, and its line of action is 15.4cm distant from the line of
action of the resultant. Find magnitude and direction of the second force , and the
distance between the two lines of action of the two forces if the given force and the
resultant are :
(i) Having the same direction.
(ii)
(10)
: The magnitude of the resultant of two parallel forces is 7kgm.wt, and magnitude of
one of the two forces is 4kgm.wt, and its line of action is 135cm distant from the line
of action of the resultant. Find magnitude and direction of the second force., and the
distance between the two lines of action of the two forces if the given force and the
resultant are
(i)
(ii)
: Two parallel forces act at two points A , B of a rigid body and magnitude of one of
: Two parallel forces act at two points A , B of a rigid body, and magnitude of one of
them is 520 Newton, and magnitude of their resultant is 130N. Find magnitude of
the second force, and the distance between the two lines of action of the two forces
Parallel Forces
147
given that the distance between the line of action of the resultant and the given force
is 150cm.
(13)
[50cm, 30cm]
I : Two parallel forces having the same direction act at the points A, B of a rigid body,
and their magnitudes are 30 and 20gm. wt respectively. If the force of magnitude 30 is
-x
5
: Two parallel forces having opposite directions, their magnitudes are 5, 9 Newton,
and act at the points A , B of a rigid lxxly respectively. If the force of magnitude 9N is
"'
,,,,
(15)
: Two parallel forces having the same direction, their magnitudes are 3F, 5F Newton
and act at the points A , B of a rigid body respectively and magnitude of their
-+
"'
1
= -
: ABC is a triangle, the forces of magnitude 4CA, 7AB and 4BC act along CA, AB, BC
respectively. Prove that the magnitude of the resultant of these forces equals 3AB,
then determine its direction and its point of action.
~
_..
(17)
;,,_
,\
_..
: Fi =-2i + aj , and F2
"
4
= -BC]
A.
,\
=2cm, BC = 3cm,
Parallel Forces
CD
148
=4cm , DH= 5cm. Tliree forces of magnitudes 2 , 4 , 6 Newton act at the points-
=2cm,
(4)
: AD is a horizontal light rod, B , Care two points on this rod such 'that AB
CD
=2BC =
(Distance
=62cm]
I : AD is a horizontal light rod, B , C are two points on this rod such that AB =2 BC =
2CD
= 20cm.
Parallel Forces
(6)
149
I : AH is a light rod, B , C , D are three points on this rod, where AB =3BC =2CD =
4DH = 12cm. Three forces of magnitudes 4 , F1 , 8Newton act at the points A , C , H
respectively in the same direction and perpendicular to AH. Another two forces of
magnitudes 7, F2 Newton act at B, D respectively in a direction opposite to the
direction of the first three forces. If magnitude of the resultant of the five forces equals
\
= 10 cm,
and its
direction is the same as the direction of the first three forces. Find value of F1 , F2 .
[16, 13NJ
(7)
I : AH is a light rod, B, C, Df!!!AH, where AB= 2BC =CD= 2DH = lOcm. Five parallel
forces of magnitudes 6 , 2 , 3 , 8 , F Newton act at the points A , B , C , D , H
respectively, and perpendicular to AH such that 6 , 8 in the same direction and 2 , 3
.....
in the opposite direction. Find magnitude and direction of each of F and the resultant
of the five forces given that its line of action intersects AH at N, AN =3cm.
[4, 6NJ
(8)
hexagon, parallel to CA The forces 15u ,-7u ,-16u, 24 u ,-12 u act at the points A
, B, N, D, H respectively. Prove that the resultant of these forces"'equals 4-: and acts
1
150
Equilibrium of Coplanar
Parallel Forces
rests
-n.vus.
ru:n'1.u1nt1.u
3m. and of weight 28kg.wt., acting at its mid point. The rod
U!1.1i/1ut.un
11Tl,,1!1
pressure on one i!jUJ.1pu.ri is double that on the other. Find the distance between each
[36, 12cm]
p , H , L are four
CA= 5cm, DA= 15cm, HA= 50cm, LA= 65cm. The rod is
su1Jroe1w.e:a
111on:i~oniat1~v
[190, 210gm.wt]
AD
Ru1lnn,ns
= 30cm, AH = 70cm.
UI"'-"""'"~
=50cm,
151
and the rod is in equilibrium horizontally, when the reading of the balance at C is
210gm.wt. Find the reading of each of the balances at A, B.
(8)
[236, 455gm.wtl
(9)
[llOcml
: AB is a uniform rod of length 100cm, and weight 600gm.wt, acting at its mid point.
Three weights of magnitudes 400gm.wt, 200gm.wt, 800gm.wt are suspended from the
points A , C , ]3. respectively where C is a point on the rod, BC =30cm.
Find the point at which the rod is to be suspended such that the rod is in equilibrium
horizontally.
(10)
[62cm from Al
strings can bear a maximum tension of magnitude 8kgm.wt, find the magnitude of
the weight which should be suspended from a point at 30cm distant from A such that
one of the two strings is about to be cut, and find the tension in the other string.
[8, 4kgm.wtl
(11)
: A uniform rod of length 120cm, and weight 30 Newton is suspended from its ends in a
horizontal position by two vertical strings each of which can just sustain a tension of
20 Newton. Within what distance from the centre can a weight of 7.5N be suspended
without breaking either string?
(12)
I : AB is a uniform rod of length 48cm and of weight 240gm.wt acting at its midpoint.
The rod rests in a horizontal position on two supports at two points C and D where
AC =6cm, BD
the point on the rod at which a weight of magnitude 40gm.wt should be suspended so
that the pressure at each of the supports C and D are equal.
1
(13)
: AB is a uniform rod of length 120cm, and of weight 60N. rests on two supports at C ,
D, where CD= 60cm, AC= 15cm and a weight ofmagnitu,de Wis suspended from a
point Non the rod, where AN= 30cm. Find :
152
Equilibrium
M~tude
(Pint)
preBSure
Jl,U,.,,...,,, .. acting at its midpoint, rests on two
two suz1oo>rts
find
not overturn.
distance which the man can move such that the beam does
2
[86, 40 kgm.wt, 4 -ml
3
120cm, and of weight 800gm.wt acting at its mid point. It
rests
n.:urcn.iru'!IJ'
wt:'"'"'~"
res,ooc'ti~et_y.
153
that it is in equilibrium horizontally, find the tension in this string and the distance
of the point of suspension from the end A
(19) : AC is a non-uniform rod of length llOcm, Bis a point on it, where AB= 35cm.
The rod is suspended horizontally by two vertical strings from B and C. If the
magnitude of the tension in the first string equals twice the magnitude of the
tension in the second string, determine the point of action of the rod weight. And
if the greatest weight suspended from A without disturbing equilibrium is 20 Kg.
wt., find the weight of rod.
[60cmfrom A, 28kgm.wt]
(20)
: A non-uniform rod of length 120cm, and weight 20kg.wt. rests horizontally on two
supports C, D, where AC = BD
suspended from A the rod is about to rotate about C. Find the distance of the point of
action of the rod weight from A If the weight at A is removed, find the maximum
weight which can be suspended from B without disturbing the equilibrium.
[75, 16 kgm.wt}
(21)
is suspended from A to make the rod on the point of rotation about C, find the centre
of gravity of the rod, then find the maximum weight which can be suspended from B
without disturbingfhe equilibrium with the existence of the weight at A
[150cm from A , 42kgm.wt}
(22)
: AB is a uniform rod of length 60cm, and weight 400gm.wt acting at its mid point. It
......
.......
(23)
(First)
[200gm.wt}
(Second)
[200gm.wt}
: A uniform rod of length 140cm, and weight 450gm.wt and acting at its mid point. The
rod rests horizontally on two supports C and D at distances 40cm and 20cm from the
mid point of the rod.Find the greatest weight that can be suspended from each end of
the rod without disturbing the equilibrium of the rod. Find also the reaction of the
supports on the rod in each case.
(24)
154
(25)
: A uniform rod of length 120cm, rests horizontally on two supports, the distance
between them is 60cm. lfa weight of 160gm.wt is suspended from one of the two ends
of the rod or a weight of 640gm.wt. is suspended from the other end, the rod will be
about to overturn. Find the weight of the rod and the distance of its point of action
from any of the two supports.
(26)
(320gm.wt, 20cm)
the rod is just about to turn around C. If another weight (with the presence of the
first) of magnitude 250gm.wt. is suspended from B, the rod is just about to tum
around D. Find the weight of the rod, and the distance of its point of action from the
end A.
(27)
(120gm.wt, 25cm)
: AB is a uniform rod of length 80cm rests in a horizontal position on two pegs C, D the
distance between them is 30cm (C is nearer to A). If a weight of magnitude 15kgm.wt
is suspended from A, the rod is on the point of rotation about C, and if a weight of
magnitude 5kgm.wt. is suspended from B the rod is on the point of rotation about D.
Find the weight of the rod and the distance of each of the two pegs from the mid point
of the rod.
(28)
(29)
(144N, 50cm)
= 20cm,
suspended in a horizontal position from B & D by two vertical strings each of which
can just sustain a tension not more than the weight of the rod. The two vertical
155
strings are just about to cut when two weights of magnitudes w 1 , w2 are suspended
from the points A, H respectively. Find the values ofw1 , w2'
Also find the magnitude w of only one weight and its point of action which can be
suspended from a point on the rod instead of w 1 , w2 such that the magnitude of the
tension in each of the two strings does not change.
[w 1
(30)
I : A light rod of length 120cm. is suspended horizontally 'by two vertical strings, one of
them is fixed at a point on the rod 30cm. distant from one of the two ends of the rod
and the other is at a distance of 50cm from the other end, and two equal weights are
suspended from each end. Given that the maximum tension in each string is 18
'
Newton. Find the maximum value of each weight and the tension in each string.
[12, 18, 6NJ
(31)
I : AB is a non-uniform rod of weight Bkgm.wt, and of length 120cm. C, D are two points
on the rod, where AC
vertical spring balances from C and D. If the rod is in equilibrium, when the reading
of the balance at C equals 3kgm.wt. Find the distance of the centre of gravity of the
rod from
rod, find its distance from the point A if the reading of the balance in C becomes
4kgm.wt.
(32)
[66, 70}
(33)
I :A non-uniform rod AB of length 200cm. Two weights each of magnitude 5kgm.wt are
suspended from the two ends of the rod, so the rod will be in equilibrium in a
horizontal position when it is suspended from a point BOcm distant from A When an
additional weight of magnitude 7kgm.wt is added to the weight which is suspended
from each end the rod will be in equilibrium horizontally 'by suspending it from
156
f 4kgm.wt, 80cml
: Two fixed supports C, D, the distance between them is 4 meters. When a rod AB rests
horizontally on these two supports such that AC = one meter, the pressure on the
support C is i 60kgm.wt, and when this rod rests on the same supports such that
AC
(35)
[40 < x < 60, Tat A between 7, 12, at C between 10, 15}
(36)
_.... _....
: Four parallel forces Fi , F2, Fa, F4 are in equilibrium act at the points A (4, 0), 0
.......
-""
J.
A
=i-3j
, 11F4 II.;,
23"'
69A
JA
~r.;;,
4 yiO gm.wt.
9A
J\
- - i + - j , - i - -J, 4 i-l2jJ
. 4
157
(1)
(2)
A uniform rod AB of 8 m long and weight 33kg. wt. Its end A is hinged to a vertical
wall and the rod is kept horizontal by a string attached to its end B and fixed to the
wall at a point lies vertically above A and 6m away from it. A weight of 20 kg wt. is
hung on the rod from a point 3 m away from A. Find the tension in the string and the
pressure of the hinge on the rod.
(40, v186Skg.wt)
(3)
A uniform rod AB of 6 m long and weight Skg.wt and its center of gravity is at 4.5 m
from A and hinged at A to a fixed .horizontal hinge. The end B is tied to a light string
passing over a smooth pulley lies vertically above A at 4.5 m away from it. The string
carries at its other end a body of weight W. If a body of weight 3kg. wt is hung from
point B so that the rod became horizontal. Find the magnitude of W. And find the
reaction of the hinge.
(445 , 41 v1321kg.wt)
(4)
(S)
A uniform rod AB of 160 cm long and weight 300 gm. wt. is hung by a fixed nail C by
mean of two strings attached to its ends A,B. A weight of 600 gm. wt. is hung to a
point N on the rod. If the rod is in equilibrium in a horizontal position and the two
strings AC & BC are inclined to the rod at angles of measures 60 , 30 respectively,
find the length of AN and the magnitude of the tension in each of the 2 strings.
(20m, 450, 4SO v3gm.wt)
(6)
AB is a uniform rod of mass 16 kg and 4.2 m long. C, Dare two points on it such that
AC= 1.2m, BO = 6m. The rod is hung from C, D by two strings HC and ED. A force of
magnitude 7.Skg. wt acts on the rod in the direction of AB so the string ED becomes
vertical and the string HC becomes inclined and the rod is in equilibrium when it is in
158
horizontal position. Find the magnitude of the tension in each string and the
inclination in the string HC to the horizontal.
(12.5, Gkg.wt, angle whose Tan is 4/3)
(7)
A uniform rod AB of 160 cm long and weight 3kg. wt. Its lower end A rests on a
vertica! smooth wall AD, and is tied from point H by one end of a string whose other
end is attached to the point D so that the rod reached its equilibrium state in a
position inclined to the vertical at an angle 6Cf. If the length AH =60 cm, then find
the angle ADH and also find the magnitudes of the tension in the string, and the
reaction of the wall.
{30, 2v3, v3 kg wt.)
(8)
A uniform rod AB weighs 10 kg wt. can rotate around a hinge at its end A, while its
upper end B is fixed on a vertical smooth wall. If the rod is in equilibrium on a
vertical plane perpendicular to the wait and the angle between the rod and the wall
is 30 . Find the magnitude of the pressure on the wall and the magnitude of the
reaction of the hinge, and the Tangent of its angle with the horizontal.
A uniform rod AB of weight 150gm. wt and 54 cm long, it rests with its lower end A
on a vertical smooth wall, and it is fixed at point H on a horizontal smooth support,
parallel to the wall. If the length AH equal 12 cm and the rod is in equilibrium when
it is perpendicular to the wall, prove that the Sine of the angle of inclination between
the rod and the wall is 2/3, then calculate the magnitude of the reaction of the
support, and that of the wall.
(225gm.wt, 75 v5gm.wt)
(10) AB is a uniform rod of 8 m length and weighs 20 kg. wt. its end A is attached to a
hinge fixed to a vertical wall, and its end B being joined by a light string 6m length
whose other end is fixed to the wall at a point C vertically above A and 10 m away
from it. If a weight of 15 kg. wt is hung from the end B, find the tension in the string,
and the magnitude and direction of the reaction of the hinge.
{15 kg. wt., 2 v205kg.wt, inclined to the horizontal by an angle whose tangent
13/6)
(11) A rod of 8 m length rests vertically with its lower end on a horizontal floor, and its
upper end is attached by a rope that is inclined at an angle of measure 30 to the
vertical so that the tension in the rope is 250 kg. wt. Find the magnitude of the
horizontal force that if it acts on the rod on a distance 2m away from the floor it will
keep the rod in equilibrium.
(SOOkg.wt)
159
(12) A uniform ladder AB of weight 10kg.wt, and length 3 m rests with its end A on a
smooth horizontal floor and the other end B on a smooth vertical wall. It's kept in
equilibrium by attaching its end A by a rope whose other end being joined to a point
lies on the line of intersection of the floor and the wall, vertically below B. So if the
ladder was inclined to the horizontal at an angle 45 and a man of weight 60kg.wt
was ascending it, find the magnitude of the tension in the rope when the man reached
a point 2 m away from A.
(45kg.wt)
(13)
A uniform ladder AB of weight 40kg.wt and 12 m length rests with its end A on a
smooth horizontal plane and its end B on a smooth vertical wall. The ladder is kept
in equilibrium by a string tied to one of its ends A, and its other end is attached to a
point on the horizontal plane vertically below 8. If the ladder is inclined at 45 to the
horizon, given that the string cannot stand a tension of more than 50kg. wt Prove
that a man of weight = the ladder's weight can't ascend more than 9 m without
cutting the string.
(14) A ladder of 240 cm length and weight 80kg rests with one of its ends on a smooth
horizontal plane and with its other end on a smooth vertical wall. The ladder was
kept in equilibrium by mean of a string of length 40 cm, one of its ends tied to a
point on the rod and the other end is fixed to a point on the wall. So if the center of
gravity of the ladder lies at a distance of 90 cm from its lower end. Prove that the
tension in the string =81 kg. wt., when the rod is inclined to the vertical at an angle
of tangent is 3/4.
(15) A uniform ladder of length 5 m and weight 20kg.wt rests with one end on a smooth
vertical wall and the other end on a smooth horizontal floor. If the lower end of the
ladder is 3m away from the wall, the ladder is kept from slipping by a string
attached to a point on it and the other end of the string is fixed to a point on the line
of intersection of the floor and the wall, knowing that the direction of the string is
perpendicular to that of the ladder. Find the tension of the string and the reaction of
each of the wall and the floor.
(100/7, 120/7, 230/7kg.wt)
(16) A uniform Ladder AB its length is 8 m rests with its end A on a smooth vertical wall
and with the other end 8 on a smooth horizontal plane. The ladder is kept from
slipping when it's inclined to the horizontal at an angle of measure 30 by a string
whose one of the ends is attached to the bottom of the wall vertically below A and
the other end is fixed to one stair at a distance away from B equals 1/4 of the
ladder's length. Prove that the string in the state of equilibrium makes an angle of
160
tangent is ~ V3 with the horizontal, and that the magnitude of the reaction of the
9
horizontal plane= 5/4 of the ladder's weight. And Find the tension in the string.
(17) A uniform ladder rests .with its end A on a smooth vertical wall and its end Bon a
smooth horizontal plane, the ladder is kept from slipping by a string whose one of its
ends fixed to a point bottom of the wall vertically below A and the other end is fixed
to one stair at a distance from B equals 1/4 of the ladder length. If the pressure of
the ladder on the wall is P and on the floor is Q. And if A, B are at distance 60 cm, 80
cm respectively from the bottom of the wall,
Prove that: [P: Q = 4:5]
(18) A rectangular door of weight 40kg. wt rotates easily in a vertical plane about 2
hinges fixed on the same vertical line, and the distance between them is 2 m. If the
weight of the door is distributed equally on the 2 hinges and acts 75 cm away from
the hinges line, find the magnitude and the direction of the reaction of both hinges.
(25 kg. wt. and is inclined at an angle whose tangent is 3/4 to the vertical)
(19) AB is a uniform rod of mass 20 kg is resting with its upper end B on a smooth
inclined plane that's inclined to the horizontal at an angle of measure 60 , and it is
resting with its lower end A on a smooth horizontal plane. It's kept from slipping by
a string AC which is attached with one end to A and with the other end to C, so that
the plane ABC is perpendicular to the line of intersection of the two planes. Find the
magnitude of the reaction of each plane on the rod, and find the magnitude of the
tension in the string when the angle of inclination of the rod to the horizontal is 30.
(15, 10, s v3kg.wt)
(20) AB is a uniform rod rests with its two ends on two smooth inclined planes, makes
with the horizontal angles 30 , 60 respectively. A ring of a weight double the rod's
weight is sliding on the rod. Determine the position of the ring when the rod is in
equilibrium in a horizontal position.
(1/8 the rod length from the end that rests on the plane whose inclination is 30)
{21) A uniform rod LM of a length 150 cm and weight 5 kg. wt. tied by its two ends L, M
by means of two strings LN, MH their length 150, 300 cm respectively, and the two
free ends of the two strings are fixed at points N, H on a horizon to I straight line, NH
= 300 cm, then a horizontal Force "F" acted on the rod at its end "L" so the rod
became in equilibrium position as the string LN is vertical and the whole system of
forces lie in same vertical plane. Determine
and find the magnitude of the
tension in each string.
(1.2, 3.4, 2kg.wt)
16 1
(22 )111 A uniform rod of weight W , one of its ends is fixed to a hinge and the other end is
attached by a string whose other end is fixed at a point lies in the same horizontal
plane that is passed by the hinge and far from the hinge a distance equals to the
string equals W, prove that in
limiting
string's len gth. !f th e tensions in
equilibrium position th e rod makes an angle of Tan = 1/2 with the horizontal. And
the magnitude of the reaction of the hinge equals_: W V10 and makes an angle of
5
(1)11
A ladder of m ass 30 kg, its lower end rests on a rough horizontal floor and its upper
ladder was about to slip when it's inclined to
end on a sm ooth vertical wall. If
the horizon at an angle of measure 30, find the coefficient of friction between the
ladder and the floor, and the magnitude of the reaction of the wall on the ladder.
(~v3, 1s v3kg.wt)
{2}111
AB is a ladder of 3 m length, its center of gravity lies 1 m away from A. the ladder
rests with its end A on a smooth vertical wall, and its end B on a rough horizontal
floor so that the ladder is perpendicular to the line of intersection of the wall and
the floor. If th e angle of inclination of the ladder to the vertical is 45 , and the ladder
was about to slide, Find the coefficient of fric tion between the f loor and the ladder,
and find the total reaction at point B in terms of the weight of the ladder.
( ~ w v 13}
(3)
A uniform beam AB of weight 20kg.wt rests with its end B on a rough horizontal
flo or and the end A on a vertical smooth wall so that the beam is in a vertical plane
that's perpendicular to the wall, and the beam is inclined to the floor at an angle of
measure 45. If it's found that the magnitude of the least horizontal force acts at B
to move the end B away f rom the wall is 5kg. wt Determine the coefficient of f riction
between the beam and the floor.
(3/4)
A uniform rod AB of a length 200 cm and its weight 6kg.wt rests with the end A on a
sm ooth vertical wall and its end B on a rough horizontal flo or. When the rod is in its
limiting equilibrium sta te when it's inclined to the horizon at an angle 60. Find the
magnitude of the horizontal force that if acts at B will make the rod about to move
towards the wall.
1
(v3 kg. wt., v3, 2 v3kg.wt)
3' 3
(4)
(S)
A uniform ladder of weight 30kg. wt rests with one end on a vertical smooth wall and
with its other end on a rough horizontal wall, so that it is inciined to the horizontal
at an angle 45 . If a man whose weight is 60kg. wt is ascending the ladder slo wly,
and the ladder was about to slip when the m an ascended 3/4 of the length of the
ladder. Prove that the coefficient of fric tion between the flo or and the ladder is 2/3,
162
(6)
(7)
A ladder 8
it is
of
, find the
weight
the
(8)111
the
A uniform
5m
vertical wall and with the end B on a
friction between
wall. Prove
magnitude of
coefficient of friction
~~"~r~
(12.Skg.wt)
(9)
AB is a
(10)
2
3'
to the vertical is
If a uniform rod rests on a
to
inclination of the
(37 kg)
163
(12) AB is a uniform bar 150 cm length and of weight 50kg.wt rests its end A on a vertical
wall, and with its end B on a horizontal floor. If B is 120 cm away f rom the wall, and
the least horizontal force acts at B and essential to move this end to wards the wall is
of magnitude 95kg. wt Find the coefficient of frict ion between the bar and the wall,
given that the coefficien t of friction between the bar and the floor = 2-.
2
(~}
3
An inclined ladder AB rests with the end A on a rough horizontal floor, and the other
end B on a rough vertical wall, if the coefficient of friction between the ladder and
the floor is 1/2, and th at between the ladder & th e wall is 1/4, and the ladder was
about to slide. Find the tangent of the angle of inclination of the ladder to the
"
horizontal.
(7/8)
(14) A uniform ladder of mass "W" kg rests with its lower end on a horizon tal rough flo or,
and with the upper end on a rough vertical wall. If the coefficient of fric tion between
the ladder and the fl oor and the wall 1/9, 1/5 respectively, f ind the measure of th e
angle of inclination of the ladder with the floor when it's about to slip. And if the
weight of the ladder 15 ~kg. wt what's the magnitude of the perpendicular reaction
of each of the wall and the floor?
(Angle of tangent
29
10
(15) AB is a uniform rod of weigh t Skg.wt and 300 cm length, rests with the end A on a
rough horizontal plane, and on a horizontal support at a point C on the rod, the
support is at 125 cm above the horizontal plane. If the rod was in a vertical plane
that's perpendicular to the support, and the rod was about to slide when its angle of
inclination to the horizontal 30. Find the reaction of the support and the coefficient
of friction between the rod and the plane.
(~ v3 2.v3)
2
11
(16) AB is a uniform rod of length 240 cm and weight 500 gm. wt. rests with its end A on
a roug_h horizontal plane. It rests with one on its points "C" on a smooth nail that's
fixed at 90 cm height from the plane. Wh en the rod was about to slip BC = 90 cm.
Find the reaction of th e nail at C, and the coefficient of fric tion between the rod and
the plane.
{320gm.wt,
48
61
(17) AB is a uniform rod 120 cm length, rests with end A on a rough horizontal floor, and
rests at a point 80 cm away from A on a fixed smooth cylinder whose axis is
perpendicular to the vertical plane that passes by the rod. If the rod is about to slide
when n's inclined to the horizontal at an angle of measure 60. Prove that the
coefficient of frictio n between the rod and the floor = 2-v 3.
13
(18) A uniform rod of length 100 cm rests with one end on a rough horizontal f loor, and
rests by one of its points that is 20 cm away f rom its other end"rests on the surface
of a smooth hemi-sphere
the horizontal floor. If
the rod and the
(21) A uniform
horizontal
about to
2
and the
165
(23) AB is a uniform rod of weight "W" and length "2L", rests with its end A on a smooth
wall and with its end B on a rough horizontal plane, such that the coefficient of
friction equals 1/2. One end of a light string of length L is fixed to the m iddle point of
the rod and the other end of the string is attached to the base of the wall vertically
below A, If the rod is inclined at an angle e to the vertical when the end 8 was about
to slide away f rom the wall. Prove that the magnitude of the tension in the string
. d e o,F t h e react/On
. -:J.F t h e wa II at A 1s
.
t h en 1s. Sin e - 2Cos e x W, an d t h at t h e magnitu
1
1
Cos e
2 Sin e - Sine cos e W
- ---- x .
2 Cos e
2
(24) A uniform ladder rests on a horizontal floor and a vertical wall. If the ladder was
about to slide, Prove that the two resultant reactions of the wall and the floor are
perpendicular when the angle of friction between the ladder and the wall equals the
angle of fric tion bet ween the ladder and the floor. And if the measure of the angle of
friction is 30 prove that the angle of inclination of the ladder to the vertical equals
60 degrees.
One end of a uniform ladder of weight "W" rests on a smooth vertical wall, and the
other end on a floor inclined to th e horizontal at an angle e. If the ladder is about to
slide, prove that it is inclined to the vertical at an angle of tangent 2Sin {G - a)
where a is the angle of friction.
1
(25 )
passes
= (3
Determine
[-18k 3.6cm]
the
of the other
ULIHILYIL
is
the
, and the
1.4 unit}
A
bi- 4j
its
unit]
in the directions
and
Find magnitude
{84N. cm}
are drawn
Two forces, each of magnitude F
to form a
[8]
16 , 12cm respectively.
ofF.
{8
{i NJ
161
AB, cD. Find the magnitude of each of two forces which are equal
in magnitude and acting at A and C p arallel to BD such that they are in equilibrium
with the given forces.
{15 {28m.wt]
= 1Ocm,
BC
= 7.5cm.,
- -
- -
Newtons, act along AB and CD. Find the magnitude of each of the two forces acting
along CB and AD such that they are in equilibrium with the given forces.
[36N]
B and D perpendicular to BD such that they are in equilibrium with the given forces.
[28gm.wt]
(11)
: ABCDHO is a regular hexagon, the length of its side is L cm. Two forces, each of
magnitude 16
the two forces acting at A , D perpendicular to AD such that they are in equilibrium
with the given forces.
[24NJ
: AB is a uniform rod of length 120cm. and of weight 84gm.wt, acting at its mid-point, "
can rotate easily in a vertical plane about a fixed horizontal pin passing through a
small hole in the rod at C which is 30cm. distant fro m A. A force of magnitude
84gm.wt acts vertically upwards on the rod at A. Find magnitude of the force which.
if acts at Bin a d irection perpendicular to the rod it makes it in equilibrium
sue~
169
gm.wt.cm acts on the lamina in a direction perpendicular to its plane. Find in the
state of its equilibrium the pressure on the pin and measure of the angle of
inclination of the diagonal AC to the vertical.
=24cm, BC = 32cm.,
its weight is 6.4 Newtons acting at the point of intersection of its diagonals. The
lamina is suspended 'by a thin horizontal pin passing through a small hole near the
vertex D such that its plane is vertical. A couple, the magnitude of its moment is
128N.cm acts on the lamina in a direction perpendicular to its plane. Find the
measure of the angle of inclination of ifij to the vertical in_ the position of
equilibrium.
(20)
[90]
: ABC is a thin lamina in the fonn of an equilateral triangle of weight 45gm.wt. acting
at the point of concurrence of the medians of the triangle. 1'he lamina is suspended by
a thin horizontal pin from a small hole near the vertex A such that its plane is
vertical. A couple, the magnitude of its moment = 315gm.wt.cm acts on the lamina,
and its direction is perpendicular to its plane so that it is
: ABC is a
lamina
tao or 90]
30cm. and of weight 2.8 Newtons acting at the point of concurrenee of the medians.
The lamina is suspended by a thin horizontal pin from a small hole near A such that
its plane is vertical.
{42N.cm]
BC =20cm. The lamina is suspended by a thin horizontal pin from a small hole near
the vertex A such that its plane is vertical. A couple, the magnitude of its moment
equals 720 Newton.cm acts on the lamina in a direction perpendicular to its plane
such that it is in equilibrium in a position in which AB is horizontal. Find
magnitude of the weight of the lamina, given that it acts at the point of intersection of
its medians.
[48. 75gm.wt.J
: ABC is a thin lamina in the form of a right angled triangle at B, in which M (C)
30", AC =30cm, and its weight is 90gm.wt, acting at the point of intersection of the
medians. The lamina is suspended by a thin horizontal pin from a small hole near
the vertex A such that its
acts
perpendicular to its plane, find magnitude of its moment if:(First) It makes the
lamina in equilibrium such that AB is vertical (Second) It makes the lamina in
equilibrium such that AB is horizontal.
(24)
/450
" =30"
: ABC is a thin lamina in the form of a right angled triangle at A. in which m (B)
, BC =24cm, and its weight is 70gm. wt, acting at the point of intersection of the
medians. The lamina is suspended by a thin horizontal pin from a small hole near
the vertex A such that its plane is vertical . A
perpendicular to its plane. Find magnitude of its moment if;(First) It makes the
(1)
50cm.
AC
(2)
in a
60 to
to
C and Dare
-+
and CD. Find the magnitude of two forces acting at B and D perpendicular to BD
they
such
(3)
[60 60NJ
is 40cm. Two
5 {tigm.wt. act along AB and CD. Another two forces the measure of each is
act at D and B such that they make equal angles each
....,..
BC
res,pec~tivel.'Y
magnitude 15
DA
I 71
(4)
[lOgm.wt.]
: ABCD is a square, the length ofwlwse side is 9cm. The points XEAB , and YECD
--
......... Find the magnitudes of the two equal forces which act along XD, YB
along BA , DC.
respectively such that they form a couple equivalent to the couple formed by the first
[7 {2NJ
two forces.
(5)
A
: ABCD is a parallelogram in which M (A)
.......
of each of the two forces F, - F
which act at the points A, C perpendicular to the
diagonal AC such they form a couple equivalent to the couple formed by the first two
given forces.
[8 {7kgm.wt.]
I 7J
'
then find the magnitude of each of the two forces acting at B and D and parallel to
the diagonal AC such that they form a couple in equilibrium with the given system of
forces.
(8)
[ 9, 9kg.wt]
OB
respectively. Prove that this set of forces is equivalent to a couple the magnitude of its
moment is 405 Newton.cm.
(9)
: ABCDHO is a regular hexagon, the length of whose side is Bcm. Forces of magnitudes
-
-+-
-'l>
.._.
-+
: ABCD is a rectangle in which AB= Bcm, BC= 15cm. Forces of magnitudes 19, 45, 3,
15, 34 Newton act along JUj,
:-'/!: BC,
CD,
DA,
CA
respectively. Find the algebraic
components of the force 34 in the directions of CB and
_...,
-ii-
components of the force 12 v z in the directions of BC , BA , then prove that the given
set of forces is equivalent to a couple and find magnitude of its moment. [300 N.cm]
: ABC is a right-angled triangle at B, in which AB
-i>-
= 9cm. BC = 12cm.
-ii"
The forces of
these forces are equivalent to a couple and find the magnitude of its moment, then
find the magnitudes of the two equal forces that act at the ends of BC perpendicular
to it such that they form a couple in equilibrium with the given forces.
[12, 12 gm.wt]
174
(14)
= 60.
Three forces of
- , BC
-+ respectively. Prove that these
magnitudes 35 , 56 , 49gm.wt act along AB
, CA
forces are equivalent to a couple and find the magnitude of its moment.
[140 ~ gm.wt.cm]
(15)
..-
--
--
= 90, AD
(16)
: ABCD is a trapezium
BC = 7.5 cm, CD
=9cm.
= 15cm,
Four forces act along the sides of the trapezium such that
-ltr.i.
-.:a..
_..)i.
-JI!..
(17)
: ABCD is a square, the length of whose side is 12cm, LEAB, HEBC, OECD where BL=
3cm, BH =4cm, DO
=6cm. Four forces act along the sides of the qudrilateral ALHO
~
..-.:i...
--:...
(18)
= 6cm,
BC
= 12cm.
-- -
AM= 4cm. Forces ofmagnitudes 15, 30, 15, 10, 50 Newton act along AB, BC, DC,
j;Jj , GM respectively. Proue that these forces are equivalent to a resultant couple
the magnitude of its moment is 120 '""""''-'"'
(19)
=6cm
, where CH=
BC =8.5cm. The
-+ _.,.
2.5cm. Forces of magnitudes 15, 34 15, 26 24
act along AB , AD , CD ,
.........
are euiuut:itei'ti to a
couple the
(20).
ABC is a
R.
forces acts
0 is
."7> --;.
along LW , BO,
--lo>
_,,.
is
equivalent to a
175
SECOND
Momentum
(8)
J 77
: A rubber ball of mass 500gm was moving h orizontally with a unifo rm velocity of
54km I h, when it collided with a vertical wall. It rebounded with a velocity of
7.4m I sec. in a perpendicular direction to the wall. Find the magnitude of the change
in m omentum of the body due to collision with the wall.
(9)
{11 .2kgm.m/sec]
velocity
5
before the collision. Find the magnitude of the change in its m omentum due to the
[ 48600g m.cm/sec]
: A body of mass 75gm was moving horizontally with velocity 40cm/ sec when it
collided with a vertical wall. If its momentum changed due collision with the wall by
4800gm.cm I sec. Find the magnitude of rebound velocity of the body.
(11)
[24cm /sec.]
: A rubber ball of mass 80gm is left to fall vertically d ownwards from a height 1 Om
[145600gm.cm/sec]
: A ball of mass 40gm fell vertically downwards from a height4.Cf mabove a horizontal
(Second) The m aximum height which the ball attai ned after its rebound with the
ground.
(13)
[5.6m/sec, 1.6m]
(14)
[50cm/sec]
: A body of mass 70gm fell vertically downwards, and after 4 seconds it collided with a
lake surface, then it dived through the water with uniform velocity to cover 5 meters
Momentum
178
during 2 seconds. Find magnitude of the change in its momentum due to its collision
[2.569kg.m/sec]
I : A car moves along a straight road with a uniform velocity 90km I h to face a tempest
raging in an opposite direction to that of the car with a uniform velocity 19m I sec.
Given that the mass of a grain of sand
[110 gm.cm/sec]
I : A fixed cannon fired a projectile of mass 2. 5kg. with a velocity of 320m I sec. in a
horizontal direction towards a tank moving with a velocity of 54km I h. and it hit it.
Find the absolute value of the momentum of the projectile, then calculate the
magnitude of the momentum of the projectile relative to., the tank:
(First)
the connon.
I :A
body of mass
meter I sec. Calculate its momentum at any instant, then prove that the rate of change
in its momentum with respect to the time is a constant vector and determine its
magnitude.
(18)
[4.9kg.m/sec21
I : A rocket is projec,ted vertically upwards with velocity 1BOkm I h. If its mass at any
instant ism= (25--0.001 t) kgm. Find the rate of change in its momentum after 15
seconds.
[-244. 766kgm.m/sec/l]
I 79
I : A car of mass 4.8 tons moves along a straight horizontal road with uniform velocity.
If the resistance to its motion equals 7.5kg. wt. per each ton of its mass. Find
magnitude of the driving force of the car engine.
(2)
[36kgm.wt]
I : A car of mass 8 tons moves along a straight horizontal road in a uniform motion.
Given that magnitude of the driving force of the car engine equals 112kgm.wt. Find
[14 kgm.uft]
magnitude of the resistance to the car per each ton of its mass.
(3)
I : A locomotive of mass 6 tons pulls a number of wagons the mass of each equals 3
tons
along a horizontal st. road with uniform velocity. If the magnitude of the driving
forr:;e of the locomotive equals 900kgm.wt, and the resistance to the motion of the
train equals 15kgm.wt per each ton of its mass. Find the number of the pulled
wagons . .
(4>
118,]
: A body is pulled along a horizontal st. road by a force of magnitude 1350kgm.wt, and
inclined at an angle of sine
~to the
motion against the road resistance which is equal to -of its weight. Calculate the
weight of the body and the normal reaction of the road.
(5)
I : A car of weight 6 ton wt. a ascends a st. road inclind at angle of measure 30 to the
horizontal in a uniform motion. If the resistance of the road to its motion equals 25
kgm. wt per each ton of the car mass find the magnitude of the driving force of the car
[3150kgm.wt]
engine.
(6)
I :A body of weight 825kgm. wt. moves along a st. road of a plane inclined at an angle of
4
measure 8 to the horizontal where sin 8 = -under the action of a force of magnitude
5
740kgm.wt acting parallel to the plane. If the body is moving in a uniform motion
find each of the plane resistance to the motion and the pressure
plane.
: A car of weight 4 ton.wt, and its engine is stopped while it is moving down a road
inclined to the horizon at an angle 8 where sin 8
=-
50
Calculate the resistance per each ton of its mass measured in kg.wt.
(8)
[20 kg.wt]
I : A car of weight 4.5 ton weight moves along the line .of greatest slope of a plane
l~O
[180kgm.wt]
uniform velocity. Given that the resistance of the ramp is equal to 3 I 5 of the
resistance of the horizontal road, calculate magnitude of the driving force of the car
along the horizontal road.
[225 kgm.wt]
_.. ........
(10). : A particle moves in a uniform motion under the action of four coplanar forces F1 , F2 ,
_.._._
_...A,__...
A
A_..
A
AA A
F 3, F4, where F1 = 4i + 9j, F2 = 3i + j, F3 = i + 5j, i ,j are two perpendicular unit
_...
vectors. Find the magnitude and the direction of F 4 .
01>
-""
: A particle moves in a uniform motion under the action of four coplanar forces F
1 , F2 ,
....:.. _...
A
A
_..
).
;.. _..
A
/\
__.,.
A
A
A
f\
F3' F4, where F1 =2i + kj , F 2 = -i + 4j, F3 =-3 i+ 2f, F4 = Li-9j , i ,j are two
perpendicular unit vectors in the plane of these forces find the value of L , k.
(12)
[2 , 3)
I :A metallic ball of weight 43.2gm.wt is left to fall vertically through a vertical tube full
of a viscid liquid. If the magnitude of the liquid resistance to the motion of the ball is
proportional to the magnitude of the ball velocity and given that the magnitude of the
resistance of the liquid to the ball = 28.Bgm.wt. when the magnitude of the ball
velocity
(13)
I :A
train of mass 150 tons moves on a straight fwrizontal road. Given that the
magnitude of the resistance of the road due to friction and otherwise is proportional
to the square of the magnitude of the velocity of the train and the resistance ,,,,J8kg.wt.
for each ton of the mass of the train when its velocity
=15km I h. find
the maximum
velocity of the train given that the maximum value of the engine force of the
train = 4800kg. wt.
(14)
[20km/h]
: A car of mass 3 tons moves along a horizontal st. road. Given that the road resistance
is directly proportional to the magnitude of the velocity of the car, and the maximum
181
value of the driving force of the car engine equals 90kgm.wt, and the maximum
velocity of the car equals 150km I h. Find magnitude of the road resistance per each
ton, when the magnitude of its velocity equals 12.5 meter I sec.
(15)
[9kgm.wt]
: An airplane of mass 16 ton moves horizontally along a straight line. Given that the
magnitude of the air resistance to the plane is directly proportional to the square of
the velocity magnitude, and the maximum magnitude of the driving force of the plane
engine equals 7.2 ton. wt, and its maximum velocity equals 450km I h. Find
magnitude of the velocity of the plane when the magnitude of the air resistance
equals 50kgm. wt per ton.
(16)
[160km/h.J
: An aviator descends vertically with an opened parachute. Given that the magnitude of
the air resistance to his motion is directly proportional to the square of the magnitude
of his velocity, and magnitude of the air resistance equals 45kgm.wt, when the
magnitude of the velocity = 6km I h find magnitude of the descending velocity of the
man and his parachute when it becomes uniform given that the weight of the man
and his parachute = 80kg. wt.
(17)
[Skm/h]
: A parachutist descends vertically. Given that the air resistance to his motion is
directly proportional to the square of his velocity, and his maximum velocity equals
3.5m I sec, find the magnitude of his velocity, when the magnitude of the air
16
.
' weig
. h t.
resistance
to h'im equa l s _ ofh is
49
[2m/sec]
182
=............................. Newton.
=..................................... Newton .
: A body of mass 6.3 kgm. moves along a straight line with a uniform acceleration of
magnitude 280cm I sed2 . Find the magnitude of the force acting on this body
measured:
(First) Indyne .
(Second) In Newton .
(Third) In gm.wt.
(Fourth) In kgm.wt.
: A force
5
......
a distance 49m during 5 seconds. calculate magnitude of F. in Newton and in
[784, 80]
kgm.wt.
(4)
I : A force of magnitude 2500 kgm.wt acted upon a still car of mass 3fJ20 kgm. Find the
distance covered by the car during 4 seconds from the instant of starting the motion.
Given that the car is moving with uniform acceleration.
[60m]
I : A force of magnitude 44.1 Newton acted upon a still body of mass 600gm. Calculate
.
(5)
magnitude of the momentum of this body at the end of 20 seconds from the start of
the motion in kgm. meter I sec if the body was moving with uniform acceleration.
[882]
(6)
I : When a
body was moving with velocity 240cm I sec. along a st. line, a force of
magnitude 19.2 Newton acted upon it so it changed its velocity into 43.2km I h after
an interval of half a minute. Find the mass of this body if it is moving with uniform
acceleration.
[60kgm]
183
: A body moves along a straight horizontal line under the action of a force of
magnitude
= 2..
60
[19.6m/sec]
: A car of mass 490 kgm. was moving along a st. road with velocity 54 km I h. When its
brakes are used the car moved with uniform deceleration and it stopped after
covering a distance of 18 meters. Find magnitude of the resistance of the brakes
[312.5]
: A car of mass 4.2 ton moves along a st. road. When its velocity was 72km I h, its
driving engine is stopped, and the brakes are used so the car moved with uniform
deceleration and its velocity decreased to 600cm I sec after half a minute from the
instant of using the brakes. Find magnitude of the resistance to the motion of the car
[200]
in kgm.wt.
(10)
: When a train was moving along a st. road with velocity 63km I h, its last waggon
[25sec]
: When a cannon of mass 1.2 ton fires a projectile it retreats on a horizontal ground a
distance of 90cm. If the resistance of the ground to its motion is 300kgm.wt, find the
velocity with which the cannon starts retreating.
(12)
[2.1 m/sec]
: A car is moving along a st. road, when its velocity was 5.6m I sec, its brakes are used
to stop the car. Given that the magnitude of the resistance to the car motion equals
of its weight find the distance wltich it covered before coming to rest.
(13)
[4
.!.
5
ml
: A bullet of mass 24.5gm is fired horizontally with velocity of magnitude 60m I sec at a
60
lost
.!. of the magnitude of its velocity due to the resistance of wood. Find magnitude
3
[6 kgm.wt]
same bullet is fired with the same velocity at another fixed target made of the same
wood of the first target and its thickness is 7cm only, find magnitude of the velocity
with which the bullet gets out of this target.
[1 OOON, 75 m/sec]
l 8-t
in
moves
space
JPlr>F"11'V
Of
acted upon it by a
[142 m/sec]
: A bullet
70m
ata
wall of
resistance
the
wall
[280, 420NJ
masses
the
accelerations
upon it,
it a velocity of
: A constant
[30km/h]
the motion
{720kgm.wt]
acceleration,
the
[68]
185
starting from rest. If it covered a distance 882 meters during one minute from the
starting instant, and the magnitude of the resistance to its motion is lOkgm.wt per
each ton of the train mass. Find magnitude of the force of the driving engine of the
(5700]
: A still body of mass 55kgm placed on a horizontal plane, and a force of magnitude
250kgm.wt acted upon this body to move it along a st. line with uniform acceleration
against the resistance of the plane whose magnitude equals 1625 Newton . Find
magnitude of the acquired acceleration.
[15m/sec2J
(5)
: A car of mass 1.5 ton started motion from rest along a horizontal st. road with
uniform acceleration under the action of the force of the car motor whose magnitude
equals 2685 Newton and a constant resistance whose magnitude equals 75 kgm.wt.
Find magnitude of the car velocity after half a minute of the starting instant.
(39 m/sec]
(6)
: A train of mass 40 tons, started motion from rest along a straight line with uniform
acceleration, so the train covered a distance 7.35 meters during 10 seconds from the
start. Given that the magnitude of the force of the driving engine equals 2400kgm.wt.
Find magnitude of the resistance to the motion per each ton of the train mass in
kgm.wt.
(7)
(45 kgm.wt]
: A car of mass 2.5 tons started motion from rest along a st. road with uniform
acceleration under the action of its motor driving force whose magnitude is
325kgm.wt, and the road resistance whose magnitude is 50kgm.wt per each ton of its
mass. Find magnitude of the car velocity after 25 seconds of the start of motion. If the
driving engine is stopped after this instant, and the magnitude of the resistance did
not change. Find the time taken after this instant until the car comes to rest. (40 sec]
(8)
: A train of mass 84 tons started motion from rest along a st. horizontal line with
uniform acceleration, the magnitude of its driving engine force is 4860kgm.wt, an.d
magnitude of the road resistance equals15 kgm.wt per each ton of its mass. Find
magnitude of the train velocity after 50 seconds of starting its motion. And if the
driving engine is stopped after this instant, find the distance which the train covers
before it comes to rest given that the resistance is unchanged.
(9)
[21m/sec, 1500m]
: A train of mass 245 tons moves from rest along a st. horizontal line with uniform
186
acceleration, and magnuude of its driving engine force is 4200kgm.wt, and the
magnitude of the resistance equals lOkgm.wt per each ton of the train mass. Calculate
when the magnitude of the train velocity amounts to 63km I h. and if the driving
engine is stopped after this instant, and the brakes are used such that the magnitude
of the resistance to the motion of the train becomes 500kgm. wt per each ton of its
mass. Calculate the distance which the train covers after this moment before it comes
to rest.
(10)
: A car of mass 1.2 tons moves along a horizontal st. road with uniform velocity, and
magnitude of the resistance to its motion equals
the driving force of the car motor. If the magnitude of the resistance to the car motion
is reduced to 50 kgm.wt per each ton of its mass, while the car moved with uniform
[1.96m/se~]
: A body moves from rest with uniform acceleration along a straight horizontal line
!... of
0 1
its weight, and a resitance opposite to the direction of motion and its magnitude ~ -under the action of a force in the same direction of motion and its magnitude
120
of its weight. Find magnitude of the velocity of the body after 2 minutes of starting the
motion.
(12)
[9.8m/sec]
: A train of mass 56 ton moves along a st. line with uniform velocity of magnitude
88.2km I h, and during the motion the last wagon, of the train whose mass is 7 tons is
separated of the train and moved in a retarded motion until it came to rest. Given
that magnitude of the resistance to the train equals 40 kgm.wt per each ton of its mass
find:
(i) Magnitude of the driving force of the train engine.
(ii) The time taken by the separted wagon before it_ comes to rest and magnitude of the
velocity of the remainder train at the end of this time .
[2240kg.wt, 62.5 sec, 28m/sec]
(13)
: A train of mass 75 tons, moves along a horizontal st. road with uniform velocity of
magnitude 44.lm/sec, and during this motion, the last waggon of the train whose
mass is 5 tons is separated from the train, and stopped after 1
!...
2
Magnitude of the resistance per each ton of the train mass given that it is constant .
187
: A body of mass 5kgm is placed on a horizontal plane, and pulled by a string which is
inclined at angle of measure 60 to the horizontal so it moved on the plane along a st.
line with uniform acceleration, where it covered a distance 18 meters during half a
minute starting from rest. Given that magnitude of the resistance to its motion equals
2-of its weight, find magnitude of the tension in the string, and magnitude of the
5
[20, 32 Newton]
: A force of magnitude 39kgm.wt, and makes an angle of measure (}to the vertical
downwards, cos (} =
13
horizontal plane to move it along a st. line with uniform acceleration. Given that
magnitude of the resistance to the motion of this body equals }:_ of its weight, find
4
magnitude of the acceleration of motion of this body and the normal reaction of the
plane on it.
(16)
[124m/sec2, 39kgm.wt]
: A body of mass 200gm fell vertically downwards, from a height of 10 meters above a
horizontal surface of a sandy ground, and when it reached this surface it embedded
50cm through the ground before coming to rest. Find in kgm.wt magnitude of the
ground resistance assuming that it is constant.
(17)
[4.21
: A body of mass 500gm fell vertically downwards, from a height of 22.5 meters above
the surface of a sandy ground. When it reached the surface, it embedded through the
ground. Find the distance which the body covered through the ground before coming
to rest given that magnitude of the ground resistance is constant and equals
372.4 Newton.
(18)
[30cm]
: A body of mass 40gm fell vertically downwards from a certain height above the
surface of a sandy ground, then penetrated through the ground 4cm before coming to
rest. Given that magnitude of the ground resistance is constant and equals
6.44kgm.wt. Find the height from which the body fell.
(19)
I :A
[6.4m]
ton
mass. Given
magnitude of
cm/sec2J
acceleration
force which is acting
of magnitude 84cm
on the balloon, and
(22)
its ascend
[64kgm.wt, 294cm]
mass
There is a body
upwards with
mass m which
acceleration
m 1 fell from
};_ m ,
(23)
that
two cases.
: A body is projected
to reach a maximum
the air resistance to
[7.7 sec]
(1)
A..;>.
its
[15 unit, 306 52']
where F1
are two pe17)end,icutar unit vectors in the plane
_...
4mj ,
F2
vectors in
magnitude
= 2mi
_,.
direction.
unit
66']
Newton's Second L aw
(3)
......
: A body of mass 3 units. A force Facts upon this body. After a time t, the velocity of the
body is given by the relation :
(4)
S= (
(5)
_ ?
: A body of mass 4 units is moving under the action of a force F, and its displacement is
given by:
-
.9.
.9.
,I,
.....
plane of F . Find the vector F , then determine its magnitude and its direction.
-""
,I.
e =4/31
..:..
: A force F acted upon a body of mass 3 units, so its displacement after a time "t" is
given by:
S = ( !!.__ k .f3 +
3
~ bt2J ~,
where
~ is
F, K, b are two
A
=1 is 27c,
F1
=ki + 13),
_,.
F2
...::..
[k
and the
=3, b =-2)
coplanor forces:
in the plane of these forces . If the displacement vector of this body as a function of the
time "t" is given by :
-
,2,..
}.
l-1, 21
: A body of mass 1.5kg. moves such that the two algebraic components of its velocity in
the horizontal a nd vertical directions are Vx = 4m I sec. and Vy
= (-9.8 t
+ 4) m I sec.
Determine the magnitude and the direction of the initial velocity of this body and
also the force vector acting on it.
(9)
[4
{2 m/sec, 45 ,-14.7j]
: A body of mass 4kg. moves such that the two algebraic components of its displacement
in the horizontal and vertical directions are Sx = 4.5t metres, Sy
190
Determine the magnitude and the direction of the initial velocity of the body and find
the force vector acting on the body measured in units of kg.wt.
[7.5m/sec., 53 8', 4k.wt. vertically upwards]
(10)
: A body of mass 3 kgm., moves under the action of three coplanar forces :
A
...lo.
_...
_9.A
= 7i + 15}.
A A
S =(kt+ 1>2 i + brj, where i ,j are two perpendicular unit vectors in the same plane
of the forces, k , b , are two the constant numbers. Find: (i) Values of k , b
(ii) Magnitude and direction of the acceleration of this body. (iii) The instant at which
e= ~
4
, t = 1J
where c is a constant unit vector, magnitude of pin cm, t in seconds. Determine the
velocity vector, and if the mass of the body is variable and given by m
.!:__ (t + 2)
2
gm after a time "t". Find the force vector acting on the particle, and calculate its
magnitude when the particle stops.
[ 35 , 20]
3
(12)
: A ball of mass 7gm. moves along a straight line inside air loaded with dust, such that
the dust accumulates on its surface at the rate of 0.5gm per second and the ball
displacement
_...
1 _q
=( _
3
).
r- 4t + 2) c, where c
'
is a unit vector in the direction of the motion of the ball. Find the force vector acting
on the ball and find its magnitude at t
(13)
=2 seconds.
[32dyne]
A
: A particle moves in the dirjction of a constant unit vector c , its position vector after a
time "t" is given by p =( _t- +' 1- + 9) ~,
in cm, t in sec. Find the displacement
24
t+3
and the velocity vectors at any instant, and if the mass of this particle after a time "t"
ism
= 8 (t
sr.
Find the force vector at any instant, and its magnitude when the
[40dyne]
191
A man of mass 70kgm, stands on the floor of a lift. Find magnitude of the floor
reaction in each of the following cases :
(i) The lift is moving downwards with uniform velocity.
(ii) The lift is moving downwards with uniform acceleration of magnitude
1.4 7m I sec2 .
(iii) The lift is moving upwards with uniform acceleration of magnitude 1.47m I sec?.
I :A
body of mass 50kgm is placed on the fioor of a lift moving vertically. Find
magnitude of the pressure of the body on the fioor in each of the following cases:
(a) The lift is moving with uniform velocity.
(b)
(c) The lift is moving downwards with uniform acceleration of magnitude 80cm I sec?.
(d) The lift is moving upwards with uniform deceleration of magnitude 80cm/sec?.
I : A body of mass 245gm is suspended vertically by a string, fixed to the ceilling of a lift,
which is moving vertically upwards find magnitude of the tension in the string in
each of the following cases in gm. wt :
(i) The motion with uniform acceleration of magnitude 40cm I sec?.
(ii) The motion with uniform velocity.
(iii) The motion with uniform deceleration of magnitude 50cm I sec?.
[266 , 246, 232.6gm.wt]
(4)
kgm.wt.
(5)
: A body is suspended by a string from the hook of a spring balance fixed to a balloon
moving vertically. If the magnitude of the tension in the string during the ascending
of the balloon with uniform acceleration of magnitude 2. 45m I sec2 is 50 kgm. wt. Find
the mass of this body, and if the balloon descends with the same acceleration find
magnitude of the tension in the string in this case.
(6)
[40kgm, 30kgm.wt]
. A body of mass 63kgm is placed on the base of a box of mass 35kgm. The box is lifted
means
rope to
1.4m I sec2. Find magnitude of the pressure of the body on the base of the box, and
if the rope is cut, find
[72, 112kgm.wt, OJ
Aterwards the
balance was
the bottom of a
uniform velocity a distance of 5m., then with retardation a distance. of 20m until it
stopped at the top of the mine. Find the reading of the balance measured in kg.wt.
[1250, 1000, 8715kgm.wt]
spring balance fixed to the ceilling of a lift is 11.52kgm. Find magnitude and
direction of the acceleration of the lift.
[98cm/sec 2 downwards]
(9)
it is
ut:<5t:e,nu.~ni::
comes to rest if it
covers
<:>rnvron
with a
[45cm]
vertically,
acceleration. A
means of a
balance
means of a
the direction of
its
rest.
[2.45m/sec upwards]
193
I : A child stands on a pressure balance fixed to the fioor of a lift ascending with an
acceleration of magnitude l .96m I sec2, so the balance records 24kgm. wt. Find the
real weight of the child, and if the reading of this balance when the lift is descening
I : A body of mass 200gm. is suspended from the hook of spring balance fixed in the
ceiling of a lift moving vertically. Find the magnitude and the direction of the
acceleration with which the lift moves if the balance reading is :
(a) 210 gm.wt.
(b)
170 gm.w_t.
(14)
I :A pressure balance is fixed to the fioor of a lift moving vertically. A man stands on the
balance, and recorded the reading of the balance, when the lift is ascending with
acceleration of magnitude "a" m/sec2, and when it is descending with acceleration of
mag~:3am/sec2. The ratio between the two readings was 9: 5 prove that a=
2-. g,
8
where g is the gravitational acceleration, and if the mass of the man equals 64kgm.
Find the reading of the balance in the first case.
(15)
[72kgm.wt]
: A pressure balance is fixed to the fioor of a lift moving vertically. A man stands on the
balance. If the balance records 70kgm. wt when the lift is ascending with uniform
acceleration of magnitude"a~cm/sec2, and records 40kgm.wt when the lift is
descending with uniform acceleration of magnitude 2acm/sec2, find "a" and the mass
of the man.
(16)
I :A spring balance is fixed to the ceilling of a lift moving vertically. A body is suspended
from the hook of this balance. If the balance records the reading 8kgm.wt, when the
lift is ascending with uniform acceleration of magnitude "a" cm/ sec?, and records the
reading 5.5kgm.wt when the lift is descending with uniform acceleration of
J94
(17)
: A man of mass "m ''gm, stands on a pressure balance fixed to the fioor of a lift moving
vertically. If the magnitude of the acceleration during the ascend of the lift is
a 1cm I se/2, and during the descend is a~m I se/2, prove that the difference between the
magnitudes of the pressure of the man on the fioor of the lift in the two cases equals
m (a 1 + a~ dyne and if the mass of the lift
the magnitudes of the tension in the rope carrying the lift equals:
(a 1 + afi (m + m') dyne.
(18)
: A lift ascends from rest with a uniform acceleration for 4 seconds then with uniform
velocity for 3 seconds then with a uniform decerleration for 2 seconds so it comes to
rest when it reaches a point 9.6m. high above the starting point. Find magnitude of
the acceleration in each of the first and last stages, and if there is a man of mass
73.5kg. inside the lift, find his pressure on the fioor of the lift during each of the three
stages measured in kg.wt.
195
<1>
!... to
20
upwards with velocity 196cm I sec along the line of greatest slope of this plane. Find
the maximum distance which the body moues before it comes to rest, and the time
[392cm, 4 sec]
start. Find measure of the angle of inclination of the plane to the horizon, and if a
force F acted upon the body along the line of greatest slope upwards to move the body
upwards with unform acceleration of magnitude 98cm I sec2. Find magnitude of
F.
tso, Skgm.wtJ
<3>
= .!?... . A
direction of the acceleration which the body acquired, and magnitude of its velocity
after 8 sec, then calculate magnitude of the plane reaction on the body.
, <4>
slope upwards to moue the body with uniform velocity. Find magnitude of F. If the
magnitude of this force is increased by 6.3 Newton and its direction is unchanged.
Find magnitude and direction of the acceleration which the body acquired.
[58.8N, 45cm!sec2up.]
(5)
[36m/sec, 125m]
196
(6)
(7)
{i, 9 {ii
: A body of mass one kilogram is placed on a smooth plane inclined at angle 0 to the
horizon, where sin 0 =
body towards the plane in the vertical plane containing the line of greatest slope of
the inclined plane. Find magnitude and direction of the acceleration which the body
acquires, and magnitude of the plane reaction.
[2.5m/sec2 down., 13 NJ
(8)
: A body of mass 3.4kgm is placed on a smooth plane inclined at angle Oto the horizon,
where sin 0 = .!!_ , A force
17
measure a to the line of greatest slope upwards in the same vertical plane which
contains the line of greatest slope, where sin a
5
of greatest slope with uniform acceleration of magnitude 1.96m I sec2. upwards. Find
[2.86, 1.29kgm.wt]
: A body of mass 5.2 kgm is placed on a smooth plane inclined at angle Oto the horizon,
where tan 0
= !!_.
A force of magnitude 4
12
vertical plane containing the line of greatest slope of the incline such that it makes an
angle of measure 45 up the plane. Find magnitude and direction of the acquired
acceleration. Also find magnitude of the pressure of the body on the plane.
49
[
m/sec2 upwards, 0.8kgm.wt]
13
(10)
(11)
angle of measure 45 to the horizon. A force F acted on this body in the vertical plane
containing the line of greatest slope such that it makes an angle of measure 30 with
197
the line of greatest slope and towards the plane. If the body moved downwards with
uniform acceleration of magnitude 2.45 {2m I sec2. Find magnitude of
[2 ViJkgm.wt]
(12)
: A body of mass 6kgm is placed on a smooth inclined plane. It is found that if a force
of magnitude 33.6 Newton acts upon this body along the line of greatest slope
upwards, it will move up the plane with uniform acceleration of magnitude
"a" cm/ sec2 , and if a force of magnitude 21 Newton acts upon it in the same direction
of the first force, it will move down the plane with uniform acceleration of magnitude
2acm I sec2 . Find the value of a and measure of the inclination angle of the plane.
[70 cm/sec2, 30]
<13)
: A body of mass 4kgm is placed on a smooth plane inclined at angle of measure 8 to the
4
_..
=- .
A _..
upwards, and j is a unit vector perpendicular to each of i and the plane. Find
magnitude and direction of the acceleration which the body acquires and magnitude
of the plane reaction given that magnitude of these forces in kgm. wt.
"'
A..:..
hori~<m at
A
A-
an angle
11
I\
of measure(), where sin()= 0.6. Three forces F1 = ki-3j, F = 3i + 4), Fa= 5i + bj act
2
/\ A
"
on this body, where i , j are two perpendicular unit vectors, i in the direction of the
/\
line of greatest slope upwards, j J. to the plane, k, b are two constant numbers. If the body
moved from rest under these forces a distance 73.Sm during 10 seconds, and the magnitude of the
plane reaction
= 4kgm.wt.
kgm.wt.
[-4.25,-1]
I : A body of mass 24kgm is projected with velodty of magnitude 14m/sec in the direction of the line
. of greatest slope upwards of a plane inclined at an angle of sitd to the horizon. If the magnitude
40
of the resistance to the motion of this body equals 360gm.wt. Find the distance which this body
covers before it comes to rest, and if this body returned along the same line under the same
resistance. Find magnitude of the velocity of the body when it reaches the same point of
projedion.
[250m, 7m/sec]
198
(2)
: A train of mass 500 ton moves along the line of greatest slope up a plane inclined at an angle of
sine ; to the horizon under 'the action of the locomotive force wlz9se magnitude equals 40 ton
0
weight, and the resistance to the motion which is equal to 20 kgm.wt per each ton of the train
mass. Find magnitude of the acceleration of motion of the train.
(3)
[9.8cm/sec2J
1
: A car of mass 12 ton moves along the line of greatest slope up plane inclined at angle of sine - -
200
to the horizon under the adion of a resistance of magnitude 5 kgm.wt per each ton of the mass of
the car. If the car is moving with uniform acceleration of magnitude 49/3cm/sec2. Find
magnitude of the driving force of its motor in kgm.wt, and if its engine is stopped when its
velocity was 14.7m/sec. Find the time taken before the car romes to rest.
(4)
: A car of mass 2 tons descends along the line of greatest slope of a plane inclined at angle of sine-100
to the horizon with uniform acceleration of magnitude 14.7cm/sec2. If the magnitude of the force
of the car motor is 60kgm.wt. Find magnitude of the resistance per each ton of the car mass in
kgm.wt.
(5)
[25)
: If the motor of a car is broken, then it descends along the line of greatest slope of a plane inclined
at angle of sine ..!:_ to the horizon with uniform velodty. Find the distance which this car can
100
.
ascend on the same road until it comes to rest, if it is pushed with velodty 1.4m/sec upwards
given that the resistanc e of the plane is constant in the two cases.
[Sm]
(6)
I :A locomotive of mass 150 tons and magnitude of its engine driving force equals 60 ton.wt. It pulls
a number of wagons, the mass of each equals 18 tons, ascending a plane inclined at angle of sine
2-to the horizon along the line of greatest
slope with uniform accelera,tion of magnitude
.
20
19.6cm/sec2. Given that magnitude of the resistance equals 30kgm.wt per each ton of the train
mass. Find number of wagons.
(7)
[25]
reached the bottom of the incline it continues its motion on a horizontal plane along a st. line. If
the body is moving with uniform acceleration in each of the two distances, and magnitude of the
velodty of the body does not change when the body leaves the inclined to the horizontal plane and
magnitude of the resistance in each stage equals 2-of the ~ght of the body. Find the distance
200
which the body moves on the horizontal plane before it comes to rest.
[3.2m]
199
(l)
Two bodies of masses of 420, 280 gm. are tied at the two ends of a light string which
passes over a fixed smooth pulley, the system starts motion vertically from rest, find:
a. The magnitude of the acceleration of the system.
b. The magnitude of the tension in the string in gm. wt
c. The velocity of the two bodies after 3 seconds from the beginning of the motion.
(196 cm/sec
(2)
Two bodies of masses of 25, 24kg. are tied at the two ends of a light string which passes
over a smooth pulley, Find:
(3)
(4)
A light string passing round a smooth pulley holds at its end a scale pan of mass 30 gm.
a body of mass 110 gm. is placed on the pan, and the other end holds a body mass 210
gm. If the system starts motion, find the magnitude of the pressure on the pulley and
the magnitude of the pressure on the scale pan in gm. wt.
(336, 132 gm. wt}
Two scale pans each of them is of mass 20 gm. are hanged at the two ends of a light
string passes over a smooth pulley, a body of mass 140 gm. is placed on one of the two
pans, and another body of mass 100 gm. is placed on the other pan. Calculate:
a. The magnitude of the common acceleration of the system.
b. The magnitude of the tension in the string.
c. The magnitude of the pressure on each pan.
2
(S)
7 gm. wt.)
Two bodies of masses 140 gm. and "m" gm. are connected by the two ends of a string
passing over a smooth pulley. If the system starts motion from rest when the two bodies
are on the same horizontal level and the magnitude of the pressure on the pulley is 240
gm. wt. Find the magnitude of K and the vertical distance between the two bodies after
2 seconds from the beginning of motion.
(105 gm., 560 cm)
(6)
Two bodies of masses "m" and 42 gm. are hanged from the ends of a light string which
passes over a smooth pulley, the system starts motion from rest when the two bodies
are on the same horizontal level, and the mass "m" moved vertically downwards till the
vertical distance between it and the other body became 1260 cm after 3 sec from the
beginning of motion. Find the magnitude of acceleration and the value of "m". And if
200
(7)
(8)
the string is cut at this instant, find the maximum height that the mass of 42 gm. can
reach.
(140 cm/sec2, 56 gm., 720 cm)
Two scale pans the mass of each is of 35 gm., are connected by an inelastic light string
that passes over a small smooth pulley, a body of mass 280 gm. is placed on one of the
two pans, while another body of mass "m" gm. is placed on the other pan. If the pan
with the first mass descends a distance of 560 cm from rest in 2 seconds. Find the
magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the magnitude of the magnitude of the
tension of the string and also the value of the mass "m".
(280 cm/sec2, 225 gm. wt., 140 gm)
A light string is passing over a smooth small pulley and holds at its two ends two bodies
of masses of 500, 300 gm. vertically below the pulley, write the equation of motion of
each of the two masses then determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the
system, and the magnitude of the tension in the string. And if the system starts motion
from rest then the string is cut after 2 seconds. Mention the maximum height that the
mass of 300 gm. ascended from its original position, and the time taken to inverse its
motion direction.
2
(9)
(10)
(11)
Two bodies of mass 45, 25 gm. are attached to the two ends of a light string passes over
a smooth pulley, the system started its motion when the two bodies were on the same
horizontal level at a height of 65cm from the floor surface and the string is cut after J1 a
second from the beginning of motion. Find:
a. The magnitude of the acceleration of the system.
b. The velocity of the system immediately before cutting the string.
c. The velocity of each of the two bodies when they reach the floor surface.
(280 cm/sec2, 140, 280, 140 '111 cm/sec)
Two bodies of masses 280, 210 gm. are tied at the two ends of a light string which
passes over a smooth pulley; the system starts motion from rest when the two bodies
are on the same horizontal level. If the string is cut after 3 seconds from the beginning
of motion. Find the distance between the two bodies after one more second from
cutting the string.
(2100 cm)
Two bodies are hanged at the 2 ends of a string passing over a smooth pulley, the
string holds a light spring balance (can neglect its weight). If we hold the string at the
pulley, the reading of the balance is 200 gm. wt. and if we left the string and the system
started motion the reading became 300gm. wt. Find the mass of each of the two bodies.
(200, 600gm)
(12) A light string passes over a smooth fixed pulley, and it holds at one of the ends a body
mass of 210 gm. and at the other end a spring balance of mass 35gm which hangs a
body of mass 105 gm. If the system starts motion from rest, find:
a.
201
(13)
Two bodies of masses of 500 gm. and "m" gm. are tied to the ends of a string
passing over a smooth pulley; the system starts motion with velocity 40 cm/sec, such
that the mass "m" descends with this velocity vertically downwards. And after 4
seconds, it's found that this mass returned to its starting position. Prove that the
magnitude of the acceleration equals 20 cm/sec2 And find the value of "m" and the
magnitude of the tension in the string in Newton.
(480 gm., 4.8 Newton)
(14)
A thread passing over a smooth pulley holding at its two ends two bodies of masses
of 70, "m" gm. Find the greatest value of "m" if the thread cannot stand a tension of
more than 40 gm. wt.
(28 gm.)
(15) A rope is passing over a smooth pulley and attached to one of its ends a body of
mass 76 kg. Find the magnitude of acceleration that can let a man of mass 70kg
climbs the rope from its other side to keep the mass at the first ;ide of the rope at
rest.
(84 m/sec
(16) A thread passes over a smooth pulley; a body of mass 80 gm. is attached to one of
its ends and on the other end 2 bodies of masses 180 gm., 60 gm. The system starts
motion from rest for one second. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the
system, & the magnitude of the tension in the thread. If the body of the mass 180
gm. is separated at this instant, Prove that the system will come to rest again after 3
M seconds more.
2
(17)
Two pans of an ordinary balance scale (common balance) the mass of each pan is
100 gm., they are connected by a light string passes over a smooth pulley that's
vertically fixed. A body of mass 150 gm. is placed on one pan & a body of mass 350
gm. is placed on the other pan. The motion of the system starts from rest. Find the
magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the distance that each mass will
cut after 3 seconds from the beginning of motion, and if the greatest mass is
dropped from the pan then; Prove that the time taken from the beginning of motion
till the system is back to its first position is:
(5 + '110 sec)
(18)
(19)
Two bodies of mass 44, 36 gm. are tied at the two ends of a string passes round a
smooth pulley, then beginning of motion 36 gm. is attached to another string that
holds at its end a body of mass 30 gm. vertically. The system starts motion when the
mass of 30 gm. was at a height of 12.5 cm above the ground. Prove that the 36 gm.
mass will rest instantaneously when it's at a height of 35 cm above the ground,
given that the length of the string connecting the two masses 36, 30 gm. is 60 cm.
Two bodies of masses "mi': "m/' are tied to a light string passes over a smooth
pulley; it is found that if a third mass of 120 gm. is added to the first mass, this mass
will descend with an acceleration of "a" cm/sec2, and if the 120 gm. mass is added
to the second mass instead of the first one, this mass will descend with an
202
(20)
acceleration of "3a" cm/sec2. Determine the difference between the two masses m 1
& m2 then find the value of each of them when a =84 cm/sec2.
{60m., 320 gm., 260 gm.)
Two bodies of equal masses are tied by a light string passing round a smooth pulley.
The two bodies were on the same horizontal level, and the length of each side of the
string is 30 cm. A body of mass 9 gm. is placed over one of the two bodies and the
system starts motion from rest. It is found that the vertical distance between the
two bodies is 20 cm after one second, and then the 9 gm. mass is separated. Find
the value of the two masses, and the time taken after separating the 9 gm. mass so
that the ascending mass hits the pulley. And Find the difference between the two
magnitudes of the magnitude of the tension in the string in the two cases in Dyne.
(216 gm., 1 second, 4320 Dyne)
2nd Application: Problems on The motion of a system of two bodies, one of them is
moving on a smooth horizontal plane, the other's moving vertically.
(21) A body of mass 350 gm. is placed on a smooth horizontal table, then it is connected by a
light string passing over a smooth pulley at the edge of the table whose other end holds
a body of mass 140 gm. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the
magnitude of the tension in the string. If the string is cut after just one second from the
beginning of motion, find the distance that each of the two bodies will cut after J1
second from the moment of cutting the string.
(280 cm/sec2, 100 gm. wt., 140 cm, 262.5 cm)
(22) A body of mass 600 gm. rests on a smooth horizontal table and tied to a string passing
over a smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table and its other eod hangs vertically
from it a scale pan of mass 100 gm., a body of mass of 50 gm. is placed on the pan. Find
the magnitude of the pressure on each of the pulley and the pan.
(120 "12, 40gm.wt)
(23) A body of mass m gm. is placed on a horizontal smooth table, connected by a string
passing over a smooth pulley, and a body of mass 50 gm. is hanged at the other end of
the string. If the body descends vertically from rest a distance of 2 meters in two
seconds. Find the magnitude of m and the magnitude of the tension in the string.
(440 gm., 44.9 gm. wt)
(24) A body of mass m 1 gm. is placed on a smooth horizontal table at a distance 140 cm from
its edge, then it is tied by a string passes over a smooth small pulley at this edge, where
a body of mass m 2 gm. is hanged from the other end of the string; If the system starts
the motion from rest and the mass m 1 reached the edge of the table after one second
from the beginning of motion, Prove that:
ml: m2 = 5:2
(25) Two bodies of masses 200 & 300 gm. are placed on a smooth horizontal plane and tied
to the two ends a weightless string; and the 500 gm. mass is connected to the 300 gm.
mass by another weightless string passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the
plane so that the 500 gm. mass hangs vertically from it. If the system starts motion, find
the magnitude of the tension in each of the two strings in gram weight.
(100, 250)
20J
(26)
(27)
A body of mass 500 gm. is placed on a smooth horizontal table, then it is connected
by a string passing over a smooth pulley at the edge of the table and holds at its end
a body of mass 300 gm. and it is connected to another string which hangs another
body of mass 200 gm. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the
magnitude of the tension in both strings.
(490 cm/sec 2, 100, 250gm.wt)
A body of mass 100 gm. is placed on a smooth horizontal table having two smooth
pulleys fixed at the table's opposite edges so that the body and the two pulleys on
the table are collinear, the body's connected by two strings each of the strings
passes over one of the pulleys. A body of mass 350 gm. is hanged at the end of one
of the strings, and at the end of the other string a body of mass 250 gm. is attached.
The system starts to move from rest when the two hanged masses are on the same
horizontal level, Find:
a. The vertical distance between the two hanged masses after Yz a second from the
beginning of motion.
b. The magnitude of the tension in each string.
5
(35 cm, 300, 285 gm.wt)
7
(28) A & B are two bodies of masses 344, 48 gm. respectively, the body A is placed on a
horizontal table whose height is 60 cm& at a distance of 180 cm from the edge of
the table, it is connected by a light string of a length 180 cm, while the body B is
connected by the other end of the string that is passing over a smooth pulley that's
fixed at the edge of the table. If the body B is moved softly so that it's dropped from
the edge of the table. Find the time taken to hit the ground, and the time that the
body A will take after that to reach the edge of the table.
(1 sec., 1 sec)
(29) A body of mass 90 kg is placed on a rough horizontal table far from the table's edge
80 cm, it is then tied to a string passing over a smooth pulley that's f ixed at the edge
of the table, and hangs vertically from the other end of the string a body of mass 50
kg. If the magnitude of the resistances to the motion of the body that's placed on
the table equal 1/5 of its weight, and the system starts motion from rest then the
string is cut after Yz a second from the beginning of motion, Find the distance that
the bq,dy on the table will move to come to rest from the beginning of motion.
(60 cm)
(30) Two bodies of masses 125 gm., 175 gm. are placed on a smooth horizontal table and
connected by a light string, then the greatest mass is tied to another string passing
over a smooth pulley at the edge of the table, and a body of mass "m" is hanged
from the other end of the string. If the motion of the system starts from rest and the
magnitude of the tension in the string that connects the two bodies on the table is
50 gm. wt. Find the magnitude of acceleration of the system and the magnitude of
the tension of the second string, and also find the value of "m".
(392 cm/sec 2, 120 gm. wt., 200 gm)
(31) A body of mass 700gm is placed on a smooth horizontal table and tied by a string
passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table and holds at its end a
20..J
body of mass 280 gm. hangs vertically from it, and it is connected by another string
below it to hang another body of mass "m" gm. If the magnitude of the pressure on
the pulley equals 300 '12 gm. wt. so find the magnitude of acceleration of the system
and the magnitude of the tension in both strings, and also find the value of "m".
(420/sec 2, 300, 140gm.wt, 245gm)
(32) Two bodies of masses of 1300, 600 gm. are placed on a smooth horizontal plane and
connected together by a tight string of length 50 cm, the body of mass 600 gm. is then
tied by another string on the same level of the first and passing over a smooth pulley
fixed at the edge of the plane that is near to the second mass, and another body of mass
100 gm. is hanged to the other end of the string. Find the magnitude of the acceleration
of the system and the magnitude of the tension in each of the two strings. And if the
string that connects the first two bodies is cut after 2 seconds from the beginning of
motion, what is the distance between the two bodies after 1 second from cutting the
string.
(49 cm/ec 2, 95, 65 gm. wt., 120 cm)
(33) A body of mass 890gm is placed on a smooth horizontal table and tied by a string
passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the edge of the table at a distance 270 cm from
the body, and a body of mass 90 gm. is hanged at the other end of the string at a height
of 392.5 cm from the ground. If the motion of the system starts from rest then the string
that connects them is cut after 2 seconds from the beginning of motion. Prove that the
first mass arrives to the edge of the table at the same time the second mass arrives to
the ground.
(34) A body of mass 300 gm. is placed on a smooth horizontal table and connected by two
light strings each of them is passing over a small smooth pulley where the two pulleys
are fixed at the table's opposite edges, so that the two pulleys on the table are collinear.
The first string holds a body of mass 250 gm. and the second string holds a body of mass
150 gm. and both bodies are hanged vertically. Find the magnitude of the common
acceleration of the system, and if the string that holds the greatest mass is cut after 3
seconds from the beginning of the motion, prove that the rest of the system will move a
distance of 270 cm before it comes to rest instantaneously.
(35) A body of mass BOOgm is placed on a smooth horizontal plane and is tied to two threads
the first passes over a smooth pulley at the edge of the table 150 cm from the body, and
a body of mass 400 gm. hangs vertically downwards, the second string passes over
another smooth pulley at the opposite edge of the table 80 cm from the body and hangs
vertically a body of mass 200 gm. the two pulleys and the body in between them are
collinear and the system starts its motion from rest for one second then the string that
holds the 400 gm. mass is cut. Calculate when the 800 gm. mass will arrive to the edge
of the table.
(3
sec.)
(36) A body of mass 500 gm. is placed on a smooth horizontal plane and is tied to two
strings, one of them passes over a smooth pulley at the edge of the table and holds at
its end a body of mass m 1 gm., the second string passes over another smooth pulley at
the opposite edge of the table and holds at its end a body of mass m 2 gm. If the system
205
starts to move from rest and if the magnitude of the tension in the string that holds the
mass m 1 equals 270 gm. wt. and the magnitude of the tension in the strings that holds
the mass m 2 equals 220 gm. wt. Find the values of m 1&m2
(300, 200)
(37)
Two bodies of masses 210, 90 gm. are connected by a light string and placed on a
rough horizontal plane; the mass 90 gm. is tied with another light string passing over a
smooth pulley at the edge of the table and hangs from its free end a body of mass 120
gm. If the magnitudes of the resistances to the motion of the two bodies 210, 90 gm.
equal 50 gm. wt., 30 gm. wt. respectively. The system started motion from rest then the
string that connects the two bodies on the table is cut after 3 seconds from the
beginning of the motion. Find the distance that the 210 gm. mass covers after cutting
the string to come to rest then prove that the ratio between the magnitude of the
pressure on the pulley before & after cutting the string equals 19:12.
(168 cm)
3rd Application: Problems on The motion of a system of two masses, one of them is moving on
a smooth inclined plane and the other is hanged vertically
(38)
A body of mass 600 gm. is placed on the surface of a smooth plane inclined at an angle
of 30 to the horizontal, and is connected by a string passing over a small smooth pulley
at the top of the plane, and a body of mass 380 gm. is hanging vertically. If the string
coincides on the line of the greatest slope and the system starts motion from rest when
the two bodies were on the same horizontal level. Find:
a. The magnitude of the acceleration of the system.
{80 cm/sec
c. The vertical distance between the two bodies after 2 seconds from the beginning of
motion.
(240)
(39) A body of mass 420gm is placed on the surface of a smooth plane inclined at an angle of
30 to the horizontal, and is connected by a string passing over a small smooth pulley
fixed at the top of the plane, and is hanging vertically at the other end of the string a
scale pan of mass 20 gm., a body of mass 50 gm. is placed on the pan. Find the
magnitude of each of: the tension in the string, the pressure on the pulley and also
pressure on the scale pan (in gram weight).
{90, 90
(40)
'13, 64 ~gm.wt)
A body of mass 600 gm. is placed on the surface of a smooth plane inclined to the
horizontal at an angle of Sine = 1/5, and is connected by a string passing over a small
smooth pulley fixed at the top of the plane, and a body of mass 210 gm. is hanged at its
other end. If the system starts motion from rest for 6 seconds then the string connecting
the two bodies is cut. Calculate the time taken by the body on the plane to come to
instantaneous rest.
(7.Ssec.)
(41)
206
the plane, while another body of mass 350 gm. is hanged vertically from other end of
the string. Find: The magnitude of the acceleration of the system and the magnitude of
the tension in the string. And if the string is cut after 2 seconds from starting motion,
find the magnitude of acceleration of the body on the plane and its direction after 1
second from cutting the string then calculate the distance that the mass 630 gm. will cut
before inverting its direction.
2
z
1
(42)
A body of mass 3kg is placed on the surface of a smooth inclined plane of 210 cm length
and a height of 140 cm. and this body is connected to another body of mass 4 kg. by a
string of length 210 cm. coincides on the line of the greatest slope, the second body is
hanged vertically at the top edge of the plane. If the system starts motion from rest till
the biggest mass arrived to the ground and comes to rest. Find the distance that the
small mass will move on the plane before it stops.
(200 cm)
(43) Two bodies of masses 175, 105 gm. are connected to the two ends of a light string,
placed on the surface of a smooth plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle whose
Sine= 1/7, the body 105 gm. is tied by another light string passing over a smooth pulley
fixed at the top of the plane, and another body of mass 70 gm. is hanged vertically from
the other end of the second string. If the motion of the system starts from rest, find:
a. The magnitude of the acceleration of the system.
b. The magnitude of the tension in each string.
c. And if the string that's connecting the two bodies of masses 175, 105 gm. is cut after
two seconds from the beginning of motion, find the velocity of each of the three
bodies after Y2 a second from the moment of cutting the string.
2
(84cm/sec , 40, 64 gm.wt, 98cm/sec, 322cm/sec)
(44) A body of mass 10 kg is placed on a smooth plane inclined at an angle of G to the
horizontal, and is connected by a string passing over a small smooth pulley fixed at the
top of the plane, and another body of mass 4 kg is hanged vertically from the other end
of the string. The system starts its motion from rest so that the first mass covered a
distance of 140 cm after 2 seconds from starting its motion upwards in the direction of
the line of the greatest slope. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the system and
Sin G.
2
(70 cm/sec , 3/10)
(45} A body of mass "m" gm placed on a smooth plane inclined at an angle of 0 to the
horizontal, and is connected by a light string passing over a small smooth pulley fixed at
the top of the plane whose other end hangs a body of mass 140 gm. If the system starts
motion from rest and covered a distance of 140 cm in two seconds, find: the mass "m"
and the value of "G" given that the magnitude of the pressure on the pulley = 150 "13
gm. wt. and the system starts motion downwards.
(350 gm., 30)
(46} A body of mass 400gm is placed on a smooth plane inclined to the horizontal at an
angle of Sine 7/10, the body is connected by a string passing over a smooth pulley fixed
at the top of the plane, the other end of the string holds a scale pan of mass 110 gm. If
we put on the pan a body of mass 330 gm. and the system's left to move from rest for 3
0
207
seconds, then the body is removed from the pan. Prove that the system will rest
instantaneously after 1 ~second more.
7
(47) A body of mass 240 gm. is placed on a smooth plane inclined to the horizontal at an
(48)
angle whose Sine = 1/3. The body is tied at its two sides by two strings one of them is
passing over a smooth pulley fixed at the top of the plane and the other string passes
over a pulley that's fixed down the plane, each of the strings holds a body of mass 160
gm. If the system is left to move from rest where the body of mass 240 gm . touches the
upper pulley, find the magnitude of the acceleration. And if the lower string is cut after
2seconds, determine the distance that the body 240 gm. covers on the plane until it
rests instantaneously.
(140/sec 2, 4.8 m)
A body of mass "m 1 ,,gm placed on a smooth plane inclined at an angle of 30 to the
horizontal, and is connected by a light string passing over a small smooth pulley fixed at
the top of the plane, while the other end of the string holds a scale pan of mass 190 gm.
placed on it a body of mass "mr gm .. If the system starts motion from rest, so that the
body which moves upwards the plane cuts a distance of 490 cm in 2 seconds while the
magnitude of the pressure of the body on the pan equals 225 gm. wt. Find the value of
mi&m2.
(49)
(300, 490gm)
Two inclined smooth planes equal in height, one of them is inclined to the horizontal at
an angle of Sin ~, and the other plane is inclined at an angle 30 and fixed at its top a
7
small smooth pulley. A body of mass 140 gm. is placed on the first plane and a body of
mass 210 gm. on the second plane. If the two bodies are connected by a light string
passing over the smooth pulley and the system starts its motion from rest, then the
string is cut after 5 seconds from the start of the motion. Find the velocity of the second
mass when the first mass rests instantaneously.
(1365 cm/sec)
Problems on motion on a rough plane
(l)
A body is projected with a velocity of 560 cm/sec. on a rough horizontal plane so that it
stopped after 2 seconds from the beginning of motion. Calculate the coefficient of
friction between the body and the plane.
(2/7)
(2)
(3)
A piece of iron of mass 3.5kg starts motion from rest on a rough horizontal plane when
a horizontal force of magnitude 3.15gm.wt acts on it, if the coefficient of friction
between the body and the plane equals 0.3. Find the velocity of the piece of iron after 5
seconds from the beginning of motion.
(29.4m/sec.)
A body of mass 360 gm. is placed on a rough horizontal plane whose coefficient of
friction with the body equals 1/3 v3. A force of magnitude 420 gm. wt. acted on the
body in a direction inclined to the horizontal at an angle of measure 30, so that it
moved from rest with a uniform acceleration. Find the velocity of the body after 9
seconds from the beginning of motion, and if the action of the force is stopped after
that; determine the time that the body takes until it comes to rest.
(3920'13 cm/sec, 12 sec)
208
{4)
A small wooden box of mass 5 kg. is placed at the top of an inclined rough plane, of 2
meters length and of height 1.2 m. The box slipped and arrived to the bottom of the
plane after 1 ~ second. Find the magnitude of acceleration of the body and the
7
(S)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
209
{11) A body of mass 250gm rests on a rough horizontal plane inclined to the horizontal by an
angle whose tangent is 4/3. The body is connected by a string passes over a small
smooth pulley fixed at the top of the plane, and another weight is hanged at the end of
the string. If the least value of that weight hanged at this end that is necessary to keep
the body in a state of equilibrium on the plane equals 150 gm. wt. Prove that the
coefficient of friction equals 1/3. And if the hanged weight equals 350 gm. wt., find the
acceleration of motion of the system.
2
(3490 cm/sec)
(12l A body is left to slide from the top of an inclined plane that ends at a horizontal plane.
Th e coefficient of friction between the body and each of the planes equals 1/3. If the
inclined plane is 150 cm long and the tangent of its angle of inclination to the horizontal
equals 4/3. Find the distance covered by the body on the horizontal plane when its
velocity becomes 140 cm/sec, given th at the velocity of the body doesn't change when it
transferred from the inclined to the horizontal plane.
(240 cm)
(13) Two rough planes are connected together, one of them is horizontal and its coefficient
of friction is 1/4, and the other one is inclined to the horizontal at an angle 30 and its
coefficient of friction is 2. -J3. A smooth pulley is fixed where the two planes are
6
connected; a string passes over the pulley, a body of mass 4 kg. is attached to one of the
string's ends and is placed on the horizontal plane, at the other end of the string
another body of mass 6 kg. is attached and is placed on the inclined plane, if the system
starts the motion from rest. Find the magnitude of the acceleration.
2
(49 cm/sec )
(141
21 ()
: A constant force of magnitude 160kgm.wt, acted on a still body of mass 500gm for an
interval of time equals .!:.... second find the impulse of this force during this interval
10
in Newton. Sec. and magnitude of the velocity of this body at the end of this interval.
[156.8, 313.6m/sec]
<2>
: A constant force acted on a body of mass 700gm in the state of rest. If the magnitude
of its impulse during .!:....of the second equals 17.64N. second., find the magnitude of
25
this force in kgm.wt and magnitude of the velocity of this body at the end of this
[45, 25.2m/sec]
interval.
(3)
: A constant force acted on a body of mass 250gm, so it changed the magnitude of its
velocity from 27km I h to 1Bm I sec during a time interval of 2- seconds. Calculate the
14
(4)
i- : A constant force Facted on a body when its velocity was 3m I sec, after .!:....second
, its
49
velocity changed to 45km I h. Given that the impulse of this force during this interval
.......
is 3.8 Newton. sec. calculate the mass of this body, and magnitude of Fin kgm. wt.
[400gm, 19kgm.wt]
(5)
I : A projectile of mass 2.lkgm gets out of the opening of a fixed cannon with velocity
35m I sec. Find the impulse of the gases pressure in the cannon on the proectile, and if
1
the time of action of the gases pressure is - - sec, find the average value of this
20
pressure in kgm.wt.
(6)
I : A gun fires 600 bullets per minute, the mass of each equals 14. 7gm, and the velocity of
each at the opening of the gun is 200m I sec find magnitude of momentum of the
bullets fired every second., then deduce the magnitude of the force of the reaction
acting on the gun in kgm. wt.
(7)
[3]
magnitude of its velocity is 1764km I h. Find the magnitude of the force pushing the
plane in kgm.wt.
[2500]
2t t
: A wagon of mass 21 ton collided with a fixed vertical barrier of iron when its velocity
equals 7m I sec and came to rest after collision. Find the impulse due to collision, and
if the time of collision equals ]_ second. Find magnitude of the collision force.
5
I : A smooth sphere of mass 350gm, moves horizontally with velocity 4m I sec. It collides
a fixed vertical barrier then rebounds with velocity 3m I sec. Find magnitude of the.
1
impulse due to the collision, and if the time of collision equals - - second. Find
10
magnitude of the impulsive force between the sphere and the barrier.
[2.45N. sec, 24.5NJ
(10)
I : A gun fires 600 bullets per minute in a direction perpendicular to a vertical iron wall.
If the mass of each bullet equals 49gm, and its velocity when it collides with the wall
is 200m I sec, and it rebounds with velcity 40m I sec. Find magnitude of the pressure
[121
I : A rail way wagon of mass 24.5 ton collided with a fixed barrier and rebounded with
velocity 2. 5m I sec. Given that the magnitude of the average resistance of the barrier
1
20
during the interval of collision is 375000kgm.wt and the time of collision is - - sec.
.
Find magnitude of the impulse of the force of collision with the barrier and
magnitude of the velocity of the wagon imediately before collision.
[18750kgm.wt. sec, 5m/sec]
(12)
: A smooth ball of mass 140gm falls vertically downwards, from a height 10 meters and
collides with a horizontal surface, and then rebounds vertically upwards, a distance
2.5meters. Find the impulse of the surface to the ball, and if the time of contact of the
ball with the surface is ]_sec. Find the force of collision of the surface to the ball.
5
I : A ball of mass 70 gm is projected vertically downwards with velocity 126cm I sec, from
a point at a height S cm above a horizontal ground. It collided with the ground and
rebounded vertically to a height 90cm above the ground. If the impulsive force
between the ball and the ground equals 1.42kgm.wt, and the time of collision is
1
- -sec. Find the value of S.
20
(14)
[160 cm]
: A smooth ball of mass 50gm fell vertically downwards from a height 6.4 meters above
a horizontal ground and rebounded vertically upwards. Given that the total pressure
212
(15)
I :A
10
[3.6m]
magnitude 840cm I sec from a point at a distance 11 Ocm below the ceilling of a room.
It collides with the ceilling and rebounds to the fioor of the room during half of a
second after the collision. Find magnitude of the total pressure on the ceilling Given
1
that the height of the toom equals 272.5cm, and the time of collision = - - second.
10
[2.706NJ
(16)
I : A stone of thass
starting its motion it collides with the surface of a lake, then it dives through the
water with uniform velocity and covers 5.4m during 1 _l_ sec. Find the impulse due
2
to the collision with the water surface. and if the time of collision with the water
1-
surface equals
20
[8N. sec, 160NJ
(17JJ : A
smooth ball of mass 700gm is placed at the top of a smooth plane inclined at an
angle of sine Lto the horizon. The ball is left to descend from rest along the line of
5
greatest slope. After descending a distance of 2 meters it collides with a barrier fixed
to the plane in a position perpendiuclar to the line of motion of the ball. After
coliision the ball rebounded a distance 50cm along the line of greatest slope upwards
before it comes to rest. Find the total pressure of the ball on the barrier given that
time of contact of the ball with the barrier =
(18)
L20
sec.
I : A rubber ball of mass 1. 75kgm is left to fall vertically from a height 160cm above a
horizontal ground. It collides with it and rebounds to a height 90cm to stop
instantaneously and falls once more on the same herizontal ground to collide with it
and rebounds once more. Find the impulse of the collision force of the ball with the
ground in the first collision, and if the total reaction of the ground in the second
1
collision equals 26. 75kgm,wt, and the time of this collision equals - -sec. Find the
20
I : A car of mass 1680kg in the state of rest, moves along a st. road under the action of a
constant hotf.zi;jfttal foFOe of magnitude 300kgm.wt. After 5 seconds from starting the
Zl3
rr:.T c lu:: :r t.ur~ . .T: TJIL&s: n
c;antines ita motion until tt comes ff> rel!.t
..... :. 111:.r .:
<;Gr
after another 20 seconds. Ji'tncl. magnirn<:W qf the road resistance to the cq,r '188umi1f8
that it is constant. Also find the maximum velocity of the car during th.ts motion.
f 60kgm.wt. 1ntl11.f!.C/
(20)
moving downwards with zmiform velocity of magnitude 30cm /sec. If the bqll fell
downwards from the man's hand when it was at a height 90cm from the floor of the
lift. Find when the ball reaches the floor of the lift, and cqlculate the impulse due to
.
(
(
V'
Bf!C]
214
(1)
: A smooth sphere of mass 50gm, moving with velocity 12m/sec along a horizontal st. line collides
with another smooth sphere of mass 20gm in the state of rest. If the velocity of the first sphere
immediately after collision is Sm/sec in the same direction before collision. Find magnitude of the
velocity of the second sphere after collision and the impulse of the first sphere on it.
[10 ml sec, -20000 dyne.sec]
(2)
: A smoot~ sphere of mass 20gm is moving with velocity 180cm/sec. collides with another smooth
sphere of mass 30 gm moving with velocity 150 cm/sec along the same horizontal st. line of
motion of the first sphere and in the same direction of it. If the velocity of the second sphere after
collision is 170cm/sec in the same direction of the motion before collision. Find magnitude of the
velocity of the first sphere after the collision, and magnitude of the impulse of any of the two
spheres on the other one.
(3)
: Two smooth spheres of masses 70 , 35gm, are moving on a horizontal ground along the same st.
line in two opposite directions with velocities of magnitudes 28cm/sec, 14cm/sec respectively. If
the two spheres collide and the smaller sphere rebounds with velocity 21cm/sec after collision find
magnitude and direction of the velocity of the bigger sphere after collision, and magnitude of the
pressure force between the two spheres given that the time of contact between the two spheres is
0.01 sec.
(4)
[10.Scm/sec, 125gm.wt]
: Two spheres of masses 12 and 4 kgm are moving along the same horizontal st. line with velocities
Scm/sec and 15cm/sec respectively, in the same direction. The faster sphere overtakes the slower
one and collides with it and move together as one body, then they collide with a third sphere of
mass Skgm moving in the opposite direction to their direction of motion with velocity 6cm/sec. If
the three spheres form one body after collision, find magnitude of their common velocity.
[3cm/sec]
215
I : Two smooth spheres of masses 300, 150gm move along a st. line on a hqrizontal plane, each of
them tawards the other with velocity of magnitude 60cm/sec. If the two spheres collide and the
smaller one rebounds with velocity 40cm/sec in the opposite direction to its velocity before
collision. Find (i) Magnitude and direction of the velocity of the second sphere after collision.
(ii) The impulse of any of the spheres on the other.
(6)
: Two smooth spheres of masses Bkgm, 12kgm are moving along a horizontal st. line with velocities
9m/sec, 15m/sec respectively in the same direction . The two spheres collides, and they separate
and move in the same direction and magnitude of the velocity of the first sphere is 1.5m/sec more
than the second. Find magnitude of the velocity of each sphere after impact and magnitude of the
[12, 13.5 m/sec, 36N.sec]
I : Two smooth spheres of masses 90 and 60gm are moving along a horizontal line parallel to a
constant unit vector i, and their displacements are s1 = 240 ti, S2 = - 100 ti respectively after
any instant "t" where t in seconds, and magnitude of Sin cm. If the
form one body after collision, find the magnitude of its velocity after collision, and magnitude of
the impulsive force between the two spheres given that the time of collision equals
J... sec.
5
I : Three smooth spheres A , Band Care placed on a smooth horizontal table and on the same
'
straight line such that B lies between A and C and they have masses 150, 150, 450gm.
respectively. The first sphere A is projected with velocity 140cm/sec towards B which is at rest
and collides with it to move together as one body towards the sphere "c" and collides with it such
that the body rebounds after impact with velocity 14cm/sec. Find the velocity of the sphere (C)
after impact and the impulse of the force acting on the sphere (C).
[70cm/sec, 56cmlsec, 25200 dyne. sec]
216
(9)
100cm/sec while A
rebounded vertically upwards, and after]_ sec, the body A collided with a third body "C" of
7
mass 100gm moving vertically downwards. with velocity 13cm/sec, and they form one body.
common velocity
impact.
[1t)cm/sec downwards}
(10)
: A box full of sand with total mass 2kg. is placed on a horizontal plane. A bullet of mass 15gm is
it moves before it
comes to rest
(11)
mass
embedded in the target, find the magnitude of the velocity of the target
prove that it comes to rest after the third shell has been embedded in it.
8000
21
[-cm/sec.}
(12)
: A force of magnitude 30 Newtons acts on smooth sphere of mass 6kgm placed on a smooth
sphere with
I :A smooth sphere
with another
after
of collision is ]_ sec.
15
[20mlsec, 2700N}
a st.
with
wim'tt1111u1,,
of its velocity
of the constant
217
resistance which acts on the two bodies after the collision if they come to rest after covering
44.1 meters.
(14)
[0.9kg., 20/3NJ
I : Two smooth spheres of masses 90, 50gm are moving along the same st. line, each of them towards
the other on a horlzontaJ plane. If the two spheres collided when their velocities were 60cm/sec,
160cm/sec, respectively. After collision the first sphere rebOl,lnded and came to rest after covering
120cm du,e to the resistance of the plane which is equal to 5400dyne. find magnitude of the
velocities of each of the two spheres after collision, and the impul$e of any of them on the other.
[J2Q., 164.
(15)
tcm/sec,
16ZOOdyne.sec]
I : Two smooth spheres A , B of masses 300, 250gm are moving along the same horizontal line with
velocities of magnitudes 15m/sec, and 9m/sec respectively in the same direction. If they collide,
and move in the same direction after impact such that the ratio between the magnitudes of their
velocities immediately after impact is 2 : 3. Find the magnitude of each. If the sphere A continues
its motion with constant _velocity while B moves with constant deceleration due to a constant
resistance equals Tof its weight. Find the distance between the two spheres after 5 seconds from
the instant of their separation after collision.
(16)
I : Two smooth spheres of masses 7 and 4 kgm move along a horizonMl st. line in two opposite
directions, and they collide when their velocities are 150cm/sec, and 350cm/sec, respectively and
'
after collision the first sphere rebounds with velocity 126cm/sec, prove that the second sphere also
rebounds with velocity 133cm/sec. If each of the two spheres moves with uniform deceleration
1
after collision due to a constan t resistance equals
of the weight of each. Find the distance
10
between the two spheres when they come to rest.
[171 .1,5cm]
(17)
I :A horizontal force of magnitude 14kgm.wt acted on a smooth sphere of mass 28kgm, placed on a
horizontal plane. It moved against a resistance equals+ of its weight, and after 20 second, the
force is ceased, and at the same instant, this sphere collided with another of mass 12 kgm placed
218
If the two spheres form one body after collision. Find the magnitude of velocity
of this body, and the time which it takes before it comes to rest given that the resistance to its
motion is still equals-1-of its weight.
[49 mlsec, 35sec]
(18)
: A sphere "A" of mass 150gm falls vertically from rest, from a certain height above the ground
surface, and at the same instant, another sphere "B" of mass 400gm is projected vertically
upwards with velocity 53.9m/sec.
motion and they form one body after the collision. Find magnitude of their common velocity, and
the time taken until they reach the ground surface.
(19)
[9.Smlsec, 6 sec]
: Two smooth spheres of masses 250gm, and SOOgm are moving along the line of greatest slope of a
smooth plane which makes an angle of sine - 1-to the horizon, the first sphere moves downwards
7
and the second moves upwards. If the two spheres, collide, when their velocities were 150cm/sec
and 120cm/sec, respectively, and the first sphere rebounded upwards after impact, and covered a
distance 70cm before coming to rest. Find the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the
second sphere.
(20)
[25cmlsec]
: A smooth sphere of mass 250gm moves along a st. line with velocity 40cm/sec. It collides with
another smooth sphere moving in the opposite direction of that of the first, and they form one
body after collision and move together in the direction of the second sphere. Given that
magnitude of the impulse of the first sphere equals 17500 dyne. sec, find magnitude of its velocity
immediately after impact, and
[30cmlsec, 350gm]
: Two smooth spheres, each of mass 240gm, move along a st. line on a smooth horizontal plane, each
with velocity 15m/sec in the same direction, and there is a distance between them. A barrier is
fixed to the plane such that it is perpendicular to the line of motion of the two spheres.
~sphere
If the front
collides with the barrier and rebounds along the same st. line and collides with the back
219
Find magnitude of the velocity of the back sphere after impact gi.ven that the magnitude of the
impulse of the barrier to the front sphere is 6.48 Newton. sec.
(22)
[Sm/sec]
: A hammer of mass 2.1 ton falls vertically from a height of 160cm on a cylindrical iron body of
mass 350kgm to embed it a distance 12cm through the ground. If the body and the hammer move
as one body after impact find their common velocity after impact, and magnitude of the resistance
of the ground assuming that it is constant.
(23)
[26.45 ton.wt]
Two smooth spheres of the same mass, the first moves with uniform velocity along a st. horizontal
line, and the second moves with uniform acceleration 2cm/sec2 along the same st. line starting
with initial velocity Scm/sec in the same direction of the acceleration, if the two spheres start from
the same point and the second sphere collides with the first sphere after covering 150cm find:
(i) Magnitude of the velocity of each of the two spheres before impact. (ii) If the magnitude of the
velocity of the first sphere after collision increased to twice its value before collision find
magnitude of the velocity of the second sphere after collision.
(24)
: A smooth sphere of mass 25gm is moving along a st. horizontal line with uniform velocity
24cm/sec, and after 4 second from the instant of passing this sphere by a certain point, another
sphere of mass 15gm starts motion from this point along the same st. line with initial velocity
Bern/sec, and uniform acceleration 4cm/sec 2. Prove that the two spheres will collide and if they
form one body after collision. Find magnitude of its velocity after collision.
(25)
[36 cm/sec]
: A , B are two points on the same smooth horizsontal plane and the distance between them is
150cm. A smooth sphere of mass 30gm. starts motion from rest with uniform acceleration
10cm/sec2 from the point A towards B. and at the same instant another smooth sphere of mass
20gm starts motion with uniform velocity of magnitude 35cm/sec from the point B in the same
direction of the first sphere. Prove that the two spheres will collide and if they form one body after
collision, find magnitude of its velocity after collision.
[74 f.m/secl
220
one
[1.6
ml
having the
the
tower. Find when and where the two
<:nhi0 rP"
rebounds after
the time
measure
line
--
nrnuwr.,n
with velocity
two bodies
it
the
[1
Work
J)
22 1
: A force Facts on a body of mass 14kg. such that it moves from rest a distance 12m. in
the direction of the line of action of the fo rce with uniform acceleration of magnitude
3.5m I sec2 . Calculate the work done by this force measured in kgm.wt.m.
[60]
(3)
I
..
_,.
: A force F acts on a body of mass 5kg. such that it moves from rest with uniform
acceleration of magnitude 4.2m I sec?-. Find the distance during which.the work done
[840m]
I :A
horizontal plane such that it moves from rest along a straight line
the force. Calculate the work done by this force during 10 seconds from the instant of
starting the motion measured in kg.wt. m.
[3920]
: A car moves along a horizontal road with uniform velocity of magnitude 9km I h. Find
the work do ne by the resistance force of the road during one minute from the start
measured in kgwt.meters given that the magnitude of the driving engine force of the
car equals 147 Newton.
[- 2260)
: A car of mass 1.5 ton moves along a horizontal st. road. Its driving engine force is
stopped, and its brakes are used when its velocity is 63km I h so it stopped after
cq,vering 12.5m from the starting instant.
Find the work done by the brakes resistance during this distance assuming that the
magnitude of the resistance is constant.
f - 23437.5 kgwt.m]
222
Work
(7)
: A bullet of mass 26gm is projected with horizontal velocity of magnitude 6.6m I sec at
a vertical target of wood. It ,fmbeds through it and comes to rest after .!:_ sec.
35
Calculate the work done by the resistance of wood during this interval assuming that
it is constant.
[-392 X 104 erg]
(8)
: A man of mass 75 kgm is moving vertically 'by using a vertical ladder. Find the work
(9)
: Find the vertical distance which a fire man of mass 65kgm ascends by using a
vertical ladder when he is doing work against his weight equals 7644 joules. [12 m]
(10)
A body of mass 400gm is projected vertically with velocity of magnitude 70m I sec.
Find the work done by its weight in each of the following cases:
(a) From the starting instant till it reaches its maximum height.
(b)
(11)
~ to the tram
4
rails. If the work done by the tension in the rope when the car moves 24m is
288kg.wt.meter. Find magnitude of the tension in the rope.
[147NJ
"
'
In the following problems, i/\ , j are
two perpendicular unit vector in a
(12).
(13).
-"'
/..
+ 1) j is
[1]
A body of mass 2kgm, moved from the point A (2 , 7) to the point B (-1 , -5) in a st.
A
A
line with uniform acceleration a = 2.5i-6.5j, where magnitude of -C: in m I sec2 , and
[1.41]
(14). : A particle moves from the point A (-2,0) to the point B (3,2) in a st. line under the
-"'
./,;
=2iA -j.,(
If the magnitude of the displacement in cm, find the work done by Fin joules. [0.24]
(15)
=~ , 8) to the point. B
"
_,,.
F =ki + 4j whose direction is opposite to AB.
}.
223
Work
~
_..
: A force F
= 15i-8j
2
t, and if magnitude of F is measured in dyne and magnitude of the displacement in
.......
[270erg]
: The position vector of a body of mass 3kgm is given as a function of the time by
the relation 't:
(i? + 4t) i+
.!:._
(t-3? }Awhere tin seconds and {/ti/in meters find the
3
_,,
,
force vector acting on this body and the work done by F from t
=3 sec to t =9 sec.
[600joule]
(18)
.
: 4 body of mass 280kgm moves along a horizontal st. line on a plane with uniform
acceleration of magnitude 1.4m I sec?, under the action of a horizontal force
F, and a
constant resistance of magnitude 15kgm.wt. starting from rest . Calculate the work
done during 10 seconds from starfin kgm.wt.meter by each of:
(First)
.....
(19}
I :A
car of mass 490kgm moves starting from rest with uniform acceleration of
magnitude 84cm I sec? along a st. line on a horizontal plane under the action of a
horizontal force F. If the work done by this force during 20 seconds from the start
equals 11256kgm.wt.m. Find magnitude of the plane resistance to the car, and the
work done by it in kgm .wt.m.
(20)
[25kgm.wt,-4200]
: A stone of mass 300gm is left to fall in a lake. It starts from its surface a vertical
motion downwards with uniform acceleration to reach a depth of 2.5m during 5
seconds. Calculate the work done by the water resistance to the stone in Jules.
(21)
[-7.2]
: A train wagon in the state of rest, and of mass 15 ton is pulled by a horizontal rope
the rope.
[91875]
Work
224
(22)
: A body of mass 4kgm is projected upwards with velocity 2.8m /sec along the line of
greatest slope of a smooth plane inclined at an angle of sine !:_ to the horizontal.
14
Calculate the work done by the body weight until it comes to instantaneous rest, and
the work done by its weight until it comes back to its point ofprojection.
[-1..6, l.6kgm.wt.m]
(23)
: A body of mass 4kgm is placed at the top of a smooth inclined plane of height 150cm
and the body slides down along the line of greatest slope till it reaches the bottom of
the plane. Calculate in joules the work done by the body weight.
(24)
[58.8)
uniform acceleration
and the weight of this body during 8 ""'"'"'"'".,"'from the instant of starting the motion.
[776.16, -470.4kgm.wt.m]
the line
inclined at an angle of measure 30 to the horizontal starting from rest, and moving
with uniform acceleration of magnitude 2.8m I sec2 upwards under the action of a
...... during a
force F along the line of greatest slope upwards. If the work done by F
.....
certain displacement Sis 483125kgm.wt.m, calculate the work done by the car weight
.......
during the same displacement S.
[-275625kgm.wt.m]
(26)
I :A body 'of mass 35 kgm descends starting from rest along the line of greatest slope of a
plane inclined at qngle of sine
magnitude 112cm
vu1~t::u1ici.t-1::
resistance of the plane during 10 seconds from the starting instant in kgm.wt.m.
[1176, -952)
(27)
: A car
the
of greatest slope
a plane inclined at an
angle of sine lto the horizontal upwards under the action of the force of the car
30
motor whose magnitude is 130kgm.wt and the resistance of the plane whose
per each ton of the mass of the car. If the work done by the
on the car
7500kgm.wt:ofind:
225
Work
(First) Value of S.
; to
work done by each of F and the weight of the body during the first ten seconds of
motion in kg.wt.m.
(30)
[-1176, 2362]
I : If the motor engine of a car is stopped while it is moving along the line of greatest
slope of an inclined plane, it descends with uniform velocity. Given that the mass of
the car equals 8 tons and the work done by the weight of the car during its motion
from the top to ihe bottom of the plane equals 24000 kg. wt.m. Find the height of the
plane and if sine the angle of inclination of the plane to the horizon = !:_ . Calculate
50
the resistance of the plane per each ton of the mass of the car.
[3m., 20kg. wt.]
(31)
: A piston of a steam - engine has a diameter of 20cm. and the length of one push
eq_uals 15cm. and the pressure of each push equals 7kg.wt. per square cm. Find the
work done per minute, measured in kg. wt.m. give"! that the piston makes 40 pushes
[13200kg.wt.m]
per minute.
A
In the following problems i , j are two perpendicular unit vectors in the directions of
the axes OX,
(32)
OY respectively:
I : A particle moved from the point A = (3 ,-1) to the point B = (1 , 4) along a st. line
~
= ki
displacement was 27 joules, the particle continued its motion from B to a third point
C
= (-2,3)
under the action of the same force, and the work done by it during this
226
Work
..,),
!IF /I in
of the constant numbers k , b, and the work done by F to move the body from C to A.
[4, 7,-Sjoule]
...i.
(33)
: A body of mass 1.5kgm moves in the plane XOY under the action of a force F
.-.i.
.....
II t'lr in meters,
[252joule]
=6i + 3),
: A body of mass 2kgm moves in the plane XOY under the action of the forces :
......
/\...:...
F 1 =2i + 3), F2
time "t" is:
.?.
...i.
/\
A-J.
/.
/\
= i + 2}, Fa= 5i + j,
.9. A
.....
in Newton, magnitude of Sin meters. Calculate the values of k , b, and the work done
by the resultant of these forces in the interval from t
=1 sec. to t = 5 sec.
~
(35)
~, 664joule]
[2, ;\
= ki + bj,
where k , b are
two constants, and magnitude of the force in Newton. The displacement vector of this
body in terms of the time t is
= (
~t2-tJ ~ + r2t2
2
magnitude of -Sin meters. Find the values
of k ,
interval [1 , 41
(36). : A body of mass one kgm. moves in the plane under the action of the forces Fi
_,,,
/\
F2 = 2i - 5} ,
.,:-= (2r
}.
.9.
F 3 = 3i + b-j.
= ki-2},
body is
_...
Find values of k , b and the work done by the resultant of these forces during the first
five seconds of motion.
[
(1)
I :A
Power
man of mass 72kg. ascends a vertical ladder with uniform velocity 25cm/sec.
I :A
227
[0.24 lwrse]
car of mass 1.5 tons moves along a straight horizontal road with its maximum
velocity which is 45km I h when the magnitude of the road resistance to its motion
equals 60kg.wt per each ton of its mass. Find the power of its motor in horses.
(3)
[15]
I : A train of mass 150 tons moves along a horizontal road with maximum velocity of
1
magnitude 54km I h. If the magnitude of the road resistance to its motion equals - of its weight calculate the power of its engine in horses.
(4)
100
[300]
I : A train of mass 250 tons moves with its max.i mum velocity along a horizontal road
against the road resistance whose magnitude equals Bkg.wt per each ton of the train
mass. If the power of the train motor equals 560 horses. Find magnitude of the
maximum velocity in km I h.
(5)
[75.6]
I : A car of mass 1.6 ton moves along a horizontal road with maximum elocity against
resistance whose magnitude equals 6.25% of its weight. Calculate this maximum
velocity given that the power of its driving engine is 30 horses.
(6)
[81 km/h]
I : A steamer of mass 2000 tons, and engine power of 1500 horses is moving along a
horizontal line with maximum velocity whose magnitude equals '15km/h. Find in
kgm.wt magnitude of the resistance to its motion per each ton.
(7)
I :A
[13.5]
magnitude 54km/ h. If the power of its motor equals 500 horses. Calculate magnitude
of the resistance per each ton of the plane mass.
(8)
[250 kgm.wt]
: An aeroplane fUes along a horizontal st. line under the action of a resistance whose
magnitude is proportional to the square of its velocity. If the magnitude of the
resistance equals 1500 kg.wt when the magnitude of its velocity is lBOkm/h and
magnitude of the maximum velocity of the plane eq1!0-ls 270km/ h. Calculate the
power of its engine.
(9)
[3375 horses]
I : A train of mass 196 tons moves along a horizontal line with uniform acceleration of
magnitude 7cm I sec2 against a resistance of magnitude 1Okgm. wt per each ton of the
Power
228
train mass Calculate the power of the train engine when the magnitude of its velocity
equals 27km I h.
(10)
[336 horses]
: A train of mass 350 tons moves along a horizontal line with uniform acceleration
: A train of mass 200 tons moves upwards along the line of greatest slope of an inclined
road which inclines at an angle of sine .!:__ to the horizontal. Calculate the power of
100
the train engine if the magnitude of the road resistance equals 5 kgm. wt per each ton
of the train mass, and the maximum velocity of the train of magnitude 36km I h.
[400 horses]
(12)
: A car of mass one ton moves up the line of greatest slope of inclined road, which
inclines at an angle of measure 30 to the horizontal. Calculate the power of the car
motor given that the maximum velocity of the car equals 27km/ h and the road
resistance to the car equals 0.1 of its weight.
[GO horses]
(13). : Calculate the magnitude of the maximum velocity with which a car of mass 3 tons can
.!.. to the
horizon upwards given that the power of its engine is 108 2-horses, and mag~ftude of
move along the line of greatest slope of a plane inclined at an angle of sine
3
the road resistance equals 225kgm. wt. per each ton of its mass.
[30km/h]
(14). : A train of mass 90 ton moves along the line of greatest slope of a plane inclined at an
angle of sine
.!... to the horizontal up the plane with its maximum velocity whose
40
magnitude is 72km I h. Find magnitude of the road resistance per each ton of the
train mass given that the power of its engine is 960 horses.
(15)
[15kgm.wt]
: A train of mass 300 ton descends along the line of greatest slope of a plane inclined at
1
an angle of sine - - to the horizontal with maximum velocity. Calculate the
240
magnitude of this velocity given that the power of the train engine equals 85 horses,
and magnitude of the road resistance equals 7kgm.wt per each ton of its mass.
[21km/h]
(16)
: A train of mass 240 tons moves along a horizontal road with maximum velocity of
magnitude 30km I h. Find magnitude of the road resistance given that the power of its
Power
229
engine equals 400 horses, and if this train ascends a plane inclined at an angle of
sine -1-to the horizon along Us line of greatest slope, and the road resistance does not
100
[18km/h)
I : A train of mass 50 tons, and the power of its engine is 120 horses
} moving along a
train is unchanged and magnitude of the resistance of the horizontal road equals 0.9
of the magnitude of the resistance of the inclined road.
(18)
I :A
[43.2km/h)
28 horses is moving along a
horizontal road against a resistance of magnitude 50kgm.wt per each ton of its mass
with maximum velocity. Calculate the magnitude of this velocity, and if this car
moved along the line of greatest slope of a plane inclined at an angle of sine
!:... to the
10
horizon upwards under the same resistance calculate its maximum velocity on this
plane.
(19)
I : A motor cycle ofpower one horse ascends a st. road inclined at an angle of sine
-
1
- - to
100
the horizon with maximum velocity of magnitude 22.5km I h. Find magnitude of the
road resistance given that the mass of the cyclist and his cycle is 200kgm, then find
the maximum velocity with which the cyclist moves along a horizontal road having
the same resistance of the inclined road.
(20)
[lOk'gm.wt, 27km/h]
I : A train of mass 195 tons moves with maximum velocity of magnitude 45km I h along a
horizontal road. Find the power of the train engine given that the magnitude of the
resistance to the motion equals 1Okgm. wt per each ton of the train mass, and if this
train ascends an inclined plane with maximum velocity of magnitude 27km I h. Find
sine the angle of inclination of the plane given that each of the engine power and the
[325 horses, ..!-_ )
resistance is unchanged.
150
(21)
I : A car of mass 3 tons, and the power of its engine equals 37.5 horses moves along a
horizontal road with maximum velocity 67.5km I h and when it reaches the top of a
descent inclined at an angle of sine
20
then the car descends the descent with uniform acceleration 24.5cm I sed2 along the
line of greatest slope downwards prove that magnitude of the resistance of the
horizontal road equals twice the magnitude of the resistance of the descent.
Power
(22)
230
: A car of mass 2. 7 tons moves along a horizontal road with maximum velocity of
magnitude 18km I h, and when it reaches the top of a descent inclined at an angle of
sine
!:.. to the horizon, the driver stops its engine, then the car descends along the line
20
of greatest slope of the descent with a velocity equals in magnitude to that of the
horizontal road. Given that magnitude of the descent resistance
horizontal road. Find the power of the car resistance on the horizontal road.
[15 horses]
(23)
: A car of mass 6 tons, and the power of its engine 30 horses is moving along a
horizontal road against a constant resistance with maximum velocity of magnitude
1OBkm I h. Find magnitude of this resistance per each ton of the car mass. If this car
pulled another car having a broken motor and of mass 2 tons by means of a rope
1
along a road inclined at an angle of sine - -to the horizon. Find magnitude of the
100
maximum velocity with which the two cars can move up this inclined road given that
the power of this first car and the resistance per ton are unchanged:
[12.5kgm.wt, 45km/h]
(24)
: If the motor of a car having mass of 10 ton is stopped, it descends along the line of
greatest slope of a plane inclined at an angle of sine ..!!._ to the horizon with uniform
200
velocity, find the power of the motor of this car when it ascends the same road with
maximum velocity of magnitude 36km I h given that magnitudes of resistance on the
[120 horses]
(2""'5"")--=.=-: A car of mass 3 tons moves down a road inclined at an angle of sine !:.. to the
:
35
horizontal under its own ufeight and the road resistance with uniform velocity. Find
the engine power of this car when it moves with its maximum velocity of magnitude
63km I h along a horizontal road assuming that the resistance does not change. Also
find magnitude of the acceleration with which the car moves along the horizontal
road given that the car engine has the same previous power when the car has an
instantaneous velocity of magnitude 36km I h.
(26)
: A car of mass
downwards along the line of greatest slope of this plane with maximum velocity
27km I h, find the engine power of the car given that the magnitude of
the resistance to the car motion equals 30kgm.wt per ton.
Power
..
231
If the car is emptied at the bottom of the plane and moued.backward up the same
road. Find the magnitude of its maximum velocity given that the magnitude of the
[20 horses, 46km/h]
I : A car of mass 5 tons moues along a horizontal road, the power of its engine equals 42
horses when its velocity has a maximum magnitude which is 63 km I h, find
magnitude of the resistance to the car motion at this instant, and if the magnitude of
the resistance is proportional to the square of magnitude of the velocity, find the
magnitude of the acceleration with which the car moues along the line of greatest
slope of a pll ne inclined at an angle of sine l:__ to the horizon downwards when
100
magnitude of the car velocity equals 31.5km/ hand its power equals 35 horses.
[180kgm.wt, 59.78cm/sec2J
(28)
I : A car of mass 4 tons moues downwards along the line of greatest slope of a plane
inclined at an angle of sine 2-to the horizon with uniform velocity of magnitude
40
36km I h. Calculate the power of the car engine when it ascends the same inclined
plane with maximum velocity of magnitude 54km I h given that magnitude of the
plane resistance to the car is proportional to the square of magnitude of the car
[66 horses]
to the
240
horizontal with maximum velocity of magnitude 54km I h. If the power of the train
engine is 450 horses find in kgm.wt magnitude of the resistance pf!r each ton of the
car mass. If magnitude of the resistance is proportional to the square of magnitude of
the car Jelocity, find the power of tl~e engine of this train when it moues along a
horizontal line with maximum velocity of magnitude 63km I h.
(30)
I : A locomotive of mass 60 tons pulls number of wagons of mass 240 tons along a st. line
on a horizontal plane with maximum velocity of magnitude 15.2m I sec. It can also
pull' another number of wagons of mass 140 tons with the same velocity upwards
along a st. road inclines at an angle of sine - 1-to the horizontal, find magnitude of
100
the resistance per each ton of thetrainmass given that it is same in the two cases and
then calculate the power of the train :engine
<31>
: A train of mass 200 tons moues upwards along the line of greatest slope of a plane
inclined at an angle of sine .!:...to the horizontal with maximum velocity of magnitude
so
232
Power
10.Bkm/h. If this train moves once more downwards along the same plane, the
magnitude of its maximutn velocity changes to 32.4km I h. Calculate the magnitude of
the resistance per each ton of the train mass given that it is constant in the two states
of ascending and descending, also calculate the power of the train engine.
: A car of mass 1.5 ton moves along a horizontal road with maximum velocity of
magnitude 126km I h, and also moves upwards along an inclined road which inclines
at an angle of sine !:_to the horizon with maximum velocity of magnitude 90km I h.
50
If the magnitude of the resistance is the same in the two cases. Find :
(i)
(ii) Magnitude of the velocity with which the car descends the same inclined road
: A car of mass 2 tons is loaded by coal of mass 3 tons from a mine at the top of an
1
inclined road which inclines at an angle of sint.- to the horizon. If the loaded car
50
moved downwards with maximum velocity of magnitude 54km I h until it reached the
bottom of the road where it is emptied and moved upwards on the same inclined road
with maximum velocity 27km I h. Find the power of the car engine given that the
magnitude of the resistance during ascending = ~of the magnitude of the resistance
3
during descending.
(34)
[16 horses]
: A train of mass m tons moves upwards along the line of greatest slope of a plane
inclined at an angle of sine 2-.to the horizontal with maximum velocity of magnitude
125
36km I h against resistance of magnitude 16kgm.wt per each ton of the train mass.
After reaching the top of the inclined plane, the last wagon of mass 15 ton is
separated from the train, and then it moved once more downwards along the inclined
road with maximum velocity of magnitude 120km I h given that magnitude of the
resistance per ton is the same in the two cases. Calculate the value of m and the
power of the train engine.
(3"'"5""")~.!!!!!"-: A car of mass 15 tons moves upwards along a road inclined at an angle of sine !:_to
50
the horizon with maximum velocity 72km I h., and if the car moves downwards on the
same road with maximum velocity of magnitude 1OBkm I h find the power of the car
233
Power
engine given that magnitude of the road resistance is proportional to the magnitude
of the car velocity.
(36)
I :A
{240 horses]
car of mass 4 tons and the po~er of its engine is 32 horses ascends a st. road
incliried at an angle of sine !:_to the horizontal with maximum velocity of magnitude
40
15m I sec. Find magnitude of the road resistance, and magnitude of the maximum
velocity with which the car descends along the same inclined road given that the
magnitude of the road resistance is proportional to the magnitude of the car velocity.
{60kgm.wt, 40m/sec]
A A
_..
: The foT"Ce F
s = ~ rt2
2
+ 1)
i + (6t2- t) J'
where t in sec.,
.....
.......
magnitude of Sin meters, and magnitude of Fin Newton calculate the power of F
when t
(38)
=3 sec.
{495 watt]
~
/\
..:i.
...
._?.
=4 (r
_?.~
+ 3t + 2) i -3rJ
......
during the time interval t sec. Given that magnitude of F in dynes and of S in
F when t
(39>
: A foT"Ce F
......
= 6i
[lOOdyne]
,
particle as a function the time t sec i;t = (kt2 + 8) i-b rt2-t + 5);, magnitude o(; in
......
......
meters and magnitude of F in Newton. Find values of Kand b and power of F when
t = 2 seconds.
3 , -2, 84 watt]
{ _
2
234
Kinetic Energy
I : Prove that the kinetic energy of a bullet of mass 25gm. and moving with velocity
320m I sec. equals the kinetic energy of a car of mass 4 tons and moving with velocity
80cm/sec.
(2)
: Calculate the kinetic energy of a train of mass 540 tons when magnitude of its velocity
: Find the magnitude of velocity of a motor cycle of mass 80 kgm when its kinetic
I :A
[8.5m/sec]
gun fires 300 bullets per minute, magnitude of the velocity of each bullet is
1260km I h, and the mass of each is 24gm. Find the kinetic energy of the bullets fired
per second.
(5)
[750kg.wt.m.]
: Find the kinetic energy of a body of mass 18gm measured in joules when its velocity
A
= 75i
/I
/I
....._
+ 40) given that i, j are two perpendicular unit vectors, magnitude of Vin
m I sec, and if this kinetic energy equals twice the kinetic energy of another body of
mass 28.9kgm at a certain instant, find magnitude of its velocity.
[65.025 joule, 1.5m/sec]
(6)
(7)
[4.8 kg.]
I : If i , j
are two perpendicular unit vectors, and the kinetic energy of a body of mass
_,.,
=9i + 17) at the same instant. Find the mass of the second
[7.8 kgm]
: A body of constant mass moves along a straight line. Given that the magnitude of its
momentum at a certain instant = 112kg.m I sec. and its kinetic energy at the same
instant
instant.
=80kg. wt.
m. find the mass of the body and magnitude of its velocity at this
[8kgm, 14m/sec]
Kinetic Energy
(9)
235
: A car of mass 2.4 tons, an:d the power of its engine is 24 horses is moving along a st.
horizontal road with maximum velocity under a resistance of magnitude 25kg.wt. per
each ton of the car mass. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the car in kilowatt
hour.
(10)
[0.3]
I : A train of mass 72 tons moves along a straight horizontal road, the magnitude of its
resistance is proportional to the square of magnitude of the train velocity, given that
the magnitude of the resistance is 5kg.wt. per each ton of its mass when the
magnitude of the train velocity is 45km/h and the force of its engine is 921.6kg.wt.
find the maximum kinetic energy of the train in kilowatt hour.
(11)
[4 kw.h.]
I : A fixed cannon fired a projectile of mass 5kgm with a velocity of magnitude 280m I sec
in a horizontal direction towards a tank moving with velocity 72km I h and it hits it
find the kinetic energy of the projectile relative to the tank if:
(First)
[169000joule]
[220000 joule]
I : A body of mass 14kg. moves along a straight line and its displacement vector during
the time interval (t) is given by the relation S = ( !:__ t 3 -t2 + 14) ~where~ is a unit
3
vector in the direction of its motion and t is measured in seconds and the magnitude
....
of Sis measured in metres. Find the increase of the kinetic energy of the body between
t = 4 second and t = 7 seconds.
(13)
[8127 joule]
[21]
is projected upwards along the line of greatest slope of a
236
(15)
Kinetic Energy
: A body of mass 75gm moves horizontally with velocity of magnitude 40cm/sec. It
collides with a vertical wall. If the change of its momentum due to the collision with
the wall equals 4800gm.cm I sec calculate the change in kinetic energy of this body
[-38400 erg]
: A ball of mass 320 gm fell vertically downwards from a height of 8.lm above the
ground surface and rebounded upwards after collision with the ground to a height of
3.6m before coming to rest. Calculate the kinetic energy of the ball at the instant of
reaching the ground and at the instant of leaving the ground, then find the change in
its kinetic energy due to collision with the ground in kg.wt.m.
(17)
: A ball of mass 200gm. is projected vertically downwards with velocity 19.6m I sec.
from a height of 102. 9m. above the ground surface to collide with the ground and
rebound vertically upwards. Given that the change in momentum due to the collision
with the ground is 16.Bkgm.m I sec. Find each of:
,
(i)
The change in the kinetic energy of the ball from the instant of projection till it
reaches ground.
(ii) The change in its kinetic energy due to collision with the ground.
[201.684, -117.6joule]
(18)
: A body moves in a vertical plane under a constant force, and its position vector rafter
a time interval "t" is
.9. t\
r =(15t + 9) i + (3 + 20t -5r)
j where i , j are two unit vectors in
A
the horizontal and vertical directions respectively. Given that the change in the
kinetic energy of this body from t = 1 sec to t
meters find the mass of this body.
(19)
: A ball of mass 48gm. moving horizontally impinges with a vertical wall and rebounds
in a horizontal direction. Given that the change in momentum of the ball due to the
impact with the wall is 24 ,x I o3gm.cm/ sec, and the kinetic energy lost due to the
impact with the wall is 12 x 1o5erg, find magnitudes of the velocities of the ball
immediately before and after impact.
(20)
[3 , 2 m/sec]
: A bullet of mass 20gm. is fired with horizontal velocity of magnitude 6030cm I sec. at a
wooden piece of mass 4kg. placed on a smooth horizontal plane. If the bullet is
t.mbedded through the wooden piece and they move together as one body, find
Kinetic Energy
237
magnitude of their common' velocity after impact and calculate the kinetic energy lost
due to the impact.
(21)
I : A smooth sphere of mass lOkg. moving along a straight horizontal line with velocity
5m I sec. impinges with another spnere of mass 20kg. moving along the same straight
line and in an opposite direction to that of the first sphere with velocity 7m I sec. then
the two spheres move together as on body. Find magnitude of their common velocity
after impact and the kinetic energy lost due to the impact.
(22)
I : A smooth sphere of mass 3kgm is moving along a horizontal st. line with velocity of
magnitude 50cm I sec, impinges with another sphere of mass 5 kgm, moving along the
same st. line and in an opposite direction of that of the first sphere with velocity of
magnitude 1Ocm I sec. If the first sphere rebounds with velocity of magnitude
20cm I sec. Find the velocity of the second sphere after impact and the kinetic energy
lost due to the impact.
(23)
I : A small sphere of mass 6gm moves along a horizontal st. line with uniform velocity of
magnitude lOcm/sec. After 2 seconds from passing this sphere by a certain point,
another sphere of mass 5gm moves from this point in the same direction of motion of
the first sphere with initial velocity lcm I sec, and uniform acceleration lcm I sec2.
Prove that the two spheres collide, and if the two spheres form one body after impact
find its velocity just after impact and calculate the lost kinetic energy due to the
impact.
(24)
'
[1/Scm/sec.,
16/Serg]
I : A smooth sphere of mass 6kgm moves along a horizontal st. line with uniform velocity
lOm I sec. It collides with another smooth sphere of mass 2kgm moving along the
same st. line with velocity of magnitude Vcm I sec in a direction opposite to that of the
first sphere so the velocity of the first sphere becames 7.5cm I sec immediately after
impact in the same direction of its velocity before impact. Given that the kinetic
energy lost due to this impact equals 150 joule find the velocity of the second sphere
after impact.
[2.6 m/sec]
: A body of mass 1250gm moves along a horizontal st. line starting from rest with
238
Kinetic Energy
uniform acceleration of magnitude 196cm I sec!- under the action of a horizontal force
.....
F, find:
.....
(i) The work done by F through a distance 8 meters from the starting instant.
(ii) The kinetic energy gained at the end of this distance and magnitude of the velocity
of this body.
(26)
[19.6joule, 5.6m/sec]
(27)
[20cm/sec]
: A horizontal force of magnitude 50kgm. wt acts on a body of mass 39.2 kgm to change
its velocity from 2 7km I h to 45km I h after covering a distance "S" meters in the same
direction of the given force, find each of the kinetic energy gained of this body, and
the value of S.
(28)
[1960joule, 4m]
: A bullet of mass 20gm is fired from the opening of a gun tube of length 90cm with
velocity of magnitude 240 m I sec. Calculate the work done by the gas pressure inside
the tube assuming that the gas pressure is constant and neglecting the resistance,
then calculate the magnitude of the gas pressure.
(29)
[576joule, 640 NJ
: When a car of mass 1.5 ton was moving with velocity of magnitude 14m/sec, its
engine is stopped so the car moved along a st. horizontal line against a resistance of
magnitude 300kgm.wt until it came to rest. Find the kinetic energy lost during this
interval, and the distance covered during it.
(30)
: When a train of mass 200 tons was moving with velocity of magnitude 63km I h, its
engine is stopped, it moved along a st. horizontal line and its velocity became
31.5km/h after covering a distance equals 25/ 16km. Find the work done by the
resistance during this distance and its magnitude per each ton of the train mass.
[7.5 kgm.wt]
(31)
I :A train of mass 98 ton is moving along a straight horizontal road and when it is at a
position A, its engine is stopped so its kinetic energy after covering a distance 800
meters decreases by 40 x J0 4kg.wt.m. Find the magnitude of the resistance to the
motion of the train assuming that it is constant and if the kinetic energy of the train
at the end of this distance equals 16 x105kgm.wt.m. Find the magnitude of the train
Kinetic Energy
239
velocity at the position A , and the distance which it covers from A till it comes to rest.
I : A projectile is fired horizontally with velocity of magnitude 70m I sec at a fixed target
and it is embedded in it. Given that the work done by the target resistance during the
distance which the projectile moved in the target is 1225 joule, find the mass of the
1
{ - kgm]
(33)
I :A bullet of mass 15gm is fired horizontally at a fixed target with velocity of magnitude
200m I sec and whenitembeds in it a horizontal distance 32cm, it loses
!... of the
5
magnitude of its original velocity. Find the magnitude of the resistance of the target
{900 Newton]
I :A
magnitude 294m/ sec. If the resistance of the target to its motion is 441kg.wt. find the
distance which the bullet embeds in the target before coming to rest.
(35)
{20cm]
(36)
[400km/h]
I : An armour made of two adhered layers, the first of iron and its thickness equals 2 cm,
the second of wood and its thickness equals 4cm. The armour was in a vertical
position when two bullets of equal masses were fired horizontally with velocities
equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, the first bullet passed through the iron,
and came to rest after embedding 2cm in the wood, and the second passed through
the wood and stopped after embedding one cm in the iron. Find the ratio between the
magnitude of resistances of iron and wood assuming that each of them is constant.
[2:
(37)
11
~ km from a station
and the .magnitude of its velocity is 3 7. Bkm I h the driver stopped the train engine so
the traimmoved against the friction and the air resistance whose magnitude equals
_l_ of the weight of the train. If the brakes resistance of the train equals .!:_ of its
100
w
240
Kinetic Energy
weight find the distance at which the brakes must be used such that the train reaches
[36.2/f ml
: A bullet of mass 25gm is fired horizontally with velocity of magnitude 40m I sec at a
v~rtical
wall of thickness 14cm, it penetrates through the wall and comes out of it
with velocity of magnitude 30m I ses, and penetrates with this velocity through
another vertical wall, the magnitude of its resistance equals
wall and comes out of it with velocity of magnitude 20m I sec, find (i) The thickness of
the second wall. (ii) Magnitude of the resistance of each wall.
(39)
: A car of mass 2.45 tons moves along a horizontal st. road with uniform acceleration.
If its velocity at a certain instant was 27km I h and after covering a distance 9m, its
velocity became Blkm/h. Find the kinetic energy gained during this distance, and
magnitude of the force of the car motor given that magnitude of the resistance to the
car motion equals BOkgm.wt per ton.
(40)
[56250kgm.wt.m, 6446kgm.wt]
: A cyclist is moving on a straight horizontal road, starting from rest with uniform
acceleration, used his legs in moving the bicycle to cover a distance of 320m. where
the kinetic energy of the bicycle and the cyclist together became 1600kg.wt.m, at this
instant the cyclist stopped moving his legs to cover another 150m. where their kinetic
energy, together became 1150kg.wt.m. Calculate the magnitude of each of the driving
force of the bicycle and the resistance of the road assuming that it is constant.
[8, S kgm.wt]
(41)
: A tram wagon in the state of rest is pulled by a horizontal rope inclined at an angle of
measure 60 to the direction of the tram rails so it moved adistance24.5m against a
resistance of magnitude 3000kgm.wt. the kinetic energy gained during this distance
equals 18375kgm.wt.m. calculate: (i) The work done by the resistance.
(ii) The work done by the tension in the rope. (iii) Magnitude of the tension force in
the rope.
(42)
: A body of mass 50kgm is left to fall from a height 40m above the ground surface.
Calculate its kinetic energy when it reaches the ground surface, and if this body
embedded a distance 80cm through the ground before coming to rest, prove that the
magnitude of the ground resistance equals 2550kgm.wt assuming that it is constant.
(43)
: A body of mass 2.5kgm fell vertically downwards from a height 7m above the ground
Kinetic Energy
241
surface and embedded a distance "S" through the ground before coming to rest. If the
magnitude of the ground resistance equals 90kgm.wt find the value of S .
(44)
[20tm]
: A body of mass 140gm fell vertically downwards from a height of 62.5cm above the
surface of a liquid and lost
5
the liquid, then it embedded a distance 80cm through the liquid before coming to
[210gm.wt]
: On building the foundation of a house a hammer of mass 210 kgm is used to fall
down from a height of 90cm. on a cylinder of mass 140kg. to push it in the ground a
distance of 1Bcm. Find :
(i) Magnitude of the common velocity of the cylinder and the hammer just after
impact.
(ii) Lost kinetic energy due to impact.
(iii) Magnitude of the average resistance of the ground to the cylinder, in kgm. wt.
I : A body of mass 4kgm fell vertically downwards from a height 19.6m above another
body of mass 3 kgm placed on a sandy ground, they form one body after the collision
and embedded together through the ground. Given that the ground resistance is
constant and its magnitude equals 2247kgm.wt. Find the distance which the two
bodies move through the ground before coming to rest and the kinetic energy lost.
(48)
I : A man of mass 80kgm wishes to move from a point A on a st. horizontal road to
another point B on the road using his car whose mass is 400kgm. Given that the
distance AB = 240m and the car started from rest, and the man used the car motor
I(
fl
during a portion of this distance until the car gained a velocity of magnitude Vm I sec,
242
Kinetic Energy
then the man stopped the car engine to reach the point B, in the state of rest, find the
"
distance during which the man used the car engine, and value of V. given that
magnitude of the motor force is 120kgm.wt, and magnitude of the resistance is
30kgm.wt. (considerg
(49)
=lOm/sec/2)
[60m, 15m/sec]
: A body of mass 15kgm descends from the state of rest along the line of greatest slope of
an inclined plane of height 1.Bm and length 9m, starting from the top of the plane.
Given that magnitude of the piane resistance equals 600gm.wt, find the work done by
the resultant force acting on. t'fie body and magnitude of its velocity when it reaches
the bottom of the plane.
(50)
[21.6kgm.wt.m, 5.8m/sec]
: A body of mass 16kgm is projected upwards with velocity of magnitude 8.4m I sec from
the bottom of a plane inclined at an angle of sine !:_to the horizon along the line of
5
greatest slope. If magnitude of the plane resistance equals 4kgm.wt. Find the lost
kinetic energy until the body comes to rest, and the maximum distance which it
[57.6kgm.wt.m, Sm]
ascends.
(51)
~
4
of its kinetic energy when it moves from the inclined plane to the horizontal plane,
find magnitude of the resistance and the mass of the body.
(52)
[2.205kgm.wt, 4.9kgm]
: A particle moves in the plane XOY. Its position vector r as a function of the time t
3 .9. 7) ~ 1 9 3) ~ he ~ ~
. -r= ( .
to rs int
. he d.zrec ti.on
sec. is
r + z+ 1i - - tJ,W rei,Jaretwoumtvec
-
of i5X, OY respectively, magnitude of rin meters and the kinetic energy of this body
after 2 seconds equals 55.5 joule find :
(i) The mass of this body.
(iii) The work done by the resultant force acting on this body in the time interval from
t =2 sec to t= 5 se.c..
(iv) Magnitude of the force acting on this body, then find when the kinetic energy of this
body equals 135 joule.
{iii N,
8 sec]
[ Potential Energy
243
: A fire man of mass 75 kgm descends vertically using a vertical ladder find the
potential energy lost when he descends from a height 12m above the ground surface
[8820 joule]
: A boy of mass 45kgm ascends from the third fioor to the tenth fioor in a building
using a lift, find the potential energy which he gained given that the height of each
fioor
(3)
=3m.
[9261 joule]
I : A body of mass 350gm fell from an aeroplane moving horizontally, find the height of
the plane at this instant given that the potential energy of the body at this moment is
13.72x103 joule.
(4)
[4 km]
I : To produce energy in a certain dam, the water falls from a height 19m to a height 4m
above the ground surface producing 17.64 x 10 7 kilowatt. hour per day. Find the rate
[5x107 kgm}
I : AB is the line of greatest slope of an inclined plane, whose top is A, its bottom is B,
and inclined at an angle of sint.!:.....w the horizon. If AB
40
I :A
[58.8, 8S.2joule]
man of mass 70kg ascends an inclined plane with uniform velocity of magnitude
0.9km I h along its line of greatest slope starting from the bottom of the plane to reach
its top after 2 minutes. If the potential energy of the man at the top of the plane
equals 1050kgm.wt.111.Pind the measure of the angle of inclination of the plane.
(7)
[30j
I : A particle moves from a point A (-5, 2) in a coordinate plane XOY to a point B (3, 1)
under the action of a foT'Ce F= kf + 6/, where i ,}are two unit vectors parallel to the
_..,. _..,.
~
potential energy of this particle at A is 28erg, find the value of k, then calculate the
change of the potential energy of the particle when it moves from A to B. [8 , -58 er g}
(8)
: A particle starts motion in the plane XOY, from a point A under the action of a force
Poteptial Energy
_..
244
A /\
F = 9i-12j, where i ,j are two. unit vectors in the directions of OX, OY respectively. If
the position vector of this particle as a function of the time t in seconds is
-;:- (t2
+ 5)
3 seconds find :
.....
......
[-57, 27 joule]
A body of mass 4kgm is left to fall vertically from a height 22.5m above the ground
surface, find each of the potential energy, and the kinetic energy of the body :
(First) At the falling instant.
: A body of mass 2.5kgm fell vertically from a point A above the ground surface to reach
a point B on the ground surface where its kinetic energy is 245 joule. Find the
potential energy of this body at A in kg.wt.m, then calculate its kinetic energy and
magnitude of its velocity when it is at a height 6.4m above the ground surface.
~he
ground surface is
7.35 joule, and its mass is 300gm, find value of h and if the body fell vertically
downwards. Find its kinetic energy and magnitude of its velocity when it reaches the
ground surface, and the height of this body above the ground surface when the
magnitude of its velocity equals 2.8m I sec.
(12)
: A body of mass 2kgm is projected vertically upwards with a certain velocity, and the
sum of its potential and kinetic energies during this motion equals 784joule find:
(i) The maximum value of its potential energy and its height then .
(ii) The maximum value of its kinetic energy and magnitude of its velocity then.
(iii) Its potential energy and its height when its kinetic energy is 294joule.
Potential Energy
(13)
245
I : A body starts motion from the top of an inclined plane to its bottom along its line of
greatest slope, and starting from rest. If its potential energy at the top of the plane
equals 17.64 joule and magnitude of its velocity when it reaches the bottom of the
plane is 8.4m I sec. Find the mass of this body and the height of the plane.
[500gm, 3.6m]
(14)
: A body of mass 400gm is projected from the bottom of an inclined plane with velocity
of magnitude 14m I sec along the line of greatest slope upwards, find the potential
energy of the body and its height above the ground surface in each of the following
cases:
: A body of mass 3kgm is projected from the top "A" of an inclined plane towards its
bottom "B" with velocity of magnitude 7m I sec along the line of greatest slope of the
plane. ,Ifthe height of this plane equals 7.5m, and "B" lies on the ground surface find:
(i) The sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of this body at "A".
(ii) The work done by the weight of the body.
(iii) The kinetic energy of the body at B and magnitude of its velocity then.
: A body of mass 4 kgm is projected from the bottom "A" of an inclined plane towards
,,
another point B on the plane with velocity of magnitude 7m I sec along the line of
~
greatest slope AB. If the kinetic energy of this body at a point ."C" bisecting AB equals
80.36 joule, and A lies on the ground surface find ,.(First)
The potential energy of the body at C, and its height of the ground surface ate
(Secornl) Prove that the change in potential energy from "C" to "B" equals =-the
change of kinetic energy in the same distance
=-17.64 joule.
[17.64 joule, 45cm]
(17)
i : From a point A on the line of greatest slope of a smooth plane which is inclined at
angle of measure 30 to the horizontal, a body is projected upwards to reach another
Potential Energy
246
= 1.225kgm.wt.m,
and the work done by the weight of the body during the
(First)
(Third)
(18)
: A simple pendulum consists of a light string of length 1 BOcm, carrying at its end a
body of mass 400gm, and move through an angle of measure 120 find:
(i) The potential energy lost due to the motion of the body from the initial point of the
path of motion to the mid point of the path.
(ii) Magnitude of the velocity of the body at the mid point of the path.
(19). : If i , j are two perpendicular unit vectors, and a particle moved from the point A
"
I\
whose position vector is 3i-2j to the point B whose position vector is 7i + j under
~
_..
magnitude of the displacement in meters. Calculate the change of each of the kinetic
l-16joule, 16joule]
_..
(20)
: A particle moves in the cartisian plane XOY under the action of a force F = Bi -3),
A
-?-
where i , j are two unit vectors in the directions of OX, OY, respectively, and
.......
l-18joule]
: A body of mass 24 kgm placed at the top "A" of a rough inclined plane of height 40cm
so the body moved down the plane along the line of greatest slope of the plane and
reached its base "B" with velocity of magnitude 2.1 m I sec. Find its potential energy at
A and its kinetic energy at B, then calculate the work done against resistance, and if
Potential Energy
247
sine the angle of inclination of the plane equals 2-, find magnitude of this resistance.
.
5
[9.6, 6.4, 4.2 kg.wt.m, 4.2kg.wt.]
(22)
I : A body of mass 5kgm is projected from the bottom of an inclined plane along the line
of greatest slope upwards with velocity of magnitude 5.6m I sec so it reached
maximum height lOOcm above the ground surface. Find the kinetic energy of the body
at the bottom and the potential energy at the top then calculate the work done against
the plane resistance, and find the kinetic energy of the body and magnitude of its
velocity when it returns once more to the bottom of the plane.
[3 , 2 kgm.wt.m, 2.8/sec]
(23)
I :A
body is projected up a rough inclined plane from its bottom along the line of
greatest slope, and it comes to instantaneous rest after it has acquired potential
energy of 441kg.wt.m, and when it returns to the bottom of the plane its kinetic
energy becomes 357kg.wt.m. Find its kinetic energy when it is projected, and if the
maximum height the body reaches above the horizontal plane passing through the
bottom of the plane is 21 Ocm. and the magnitude of the resistance force to its motion
is 12kg.wt. Find:
(First)
248
:. R + - N -
:. R = 45
from (2) :. R =
ill Assume that the value of the friction force is F, where the
body is in equilibrium.
:.F-P=O,
: . 7.5-P = 0
:. P = 7.5 n,
: R -13.5 = 0
AJ.R <1 --
. Pr
7.5 _ 5
-=--R
9
6
Fx
J3 / 3 x 45
:. F=15 J3 R
F= R=
1
3
=F Cos
= 30/3 Kg.wt=
:. R
R'
1
4
5 = x 25
4
:. =
5
R
:. 18
= R, R =48
:. 18
x 48
12 x12=5,P= 12
JIT
=3
:.18 Cos a
R + 18Sin
V1+ttl
.UR <t----,
It
ria1
----t> -'
=3
(~!!'
. J3 1
T= J3 N
3
5
=F
: . 18 x -
=F,
:, F = 10.8 R
R = 48 - 18 x -
8 R = 36 + 72 Sin 30 = 36 + 72
:. Rx
:. R'
=79
x 72 : . =
36
Bx33.6 = 13,2
72 Cos 30
=33.6
J3 N
=48
J17 Kg.wt
R. = R =(Tan 30) x 60 = 20
=2/3N ,,, (2 )
40
: . R'
,UR+--
:. R =25
= 40
18
,______1_
6______________
R = 60
= 20 x S = 16 kg, wt
:. = 48
=12
J2
16
:. P
a~
= R,
= 19 R .,.,,, (2)
:. R'=
50
R .,, (2
a
3
5
:. R x - = - R
R'= 24
+ 25 x -
J3
x 24
Second:
,__.e_=_3_0_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ___, 2s x
24
45
J(1+i)=90/J3
fi. = J
:. R'+ -
: R Cos
ft0\45
=1/3
:. = 8/24
I>
In figure (l), R = 24 , 8 = R
=45
'
24
= 3 x 13.5 =9R
R'= RJ(1+v )
R'
,____,. F
9=
:. Tan
=60
. -x45
2
= 30kg,wt
:. R =13.5 N
:. R'
1
2
1
= 72,
2
x-
TJ3
72 cos 30
249
9 First Case :
R =30 Cos a
13 R
R =60 - 30 Sin a
:. 60 - 30 Sin a
P1 =
=5,
=Tan 45 '= 1
R ~ :. F = 5
R
JJ.R -- 30
COS "'<
= -1 :.
=0
: . J100 + P 2 + 2 x 10xpcos150 = 5
* By squaring
2
:. 60 -3o x 1 =3ox
2
l - - - - - - -llfil. 0 =60
TJ3 :. = 3J3
- --
:.
-
- --
--1 :. (P -
: . Cos 30 = Y,
R 26, resultant of the two
forces is equal to ~ R
J3 F =25then P2 5 J3 ) =0 :. P =5 J3
2
100 + P
10
10
J3
p + 75
=0
: . Tan 8 =
Psina
_
10+Fcosa
sJ3x 1
2
IJ
J3
10-5J3 x ""
2
:. e = 60
R = JPf
: . 26 x
= J49 + 64 + 2 x 56 x ~
:. 26 = J159 = 13 ~ :. = 2
l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -{!!l N =75 N
The resultant of the two forces Fi,
F2 is F and is equilibrium with R
:. F Total
1
:. / 3
x 75
26
~O
A ..A
' $.." .S.
120
where
2
;n5'.~~:2:._:;n(>+(90-0))
T
SinA.
75
e =120
WSinA.
Cos(0-A.)
. T=----
Cos(0-A.)
J3
J
J3
:.
J3
60 sin o.:.
J3 N
And if (F) exceeded this value the body will move in the
direction of (F) where :
R =10 Cos 30
Tan0=..1x2J3=J3, : . 0 =60
=5 J3 ,
F = R + 10 Sin 30
10 cos 30
- J3 xsJ3+1ox!=10N
3
17 R = 26Cos 0
5
13
= 26 x -
~"~
J3
60
2.J3
R'
=12
_!
, /' '
!.j3 J!+P 2
: . p = _ 1_ =
g~
=10
iJ
'
28
12
/ .---:::"'
250
:. P
= N + 26 Sin
:. 28 = x 10 + 26 x
:.
X 10
:. T = 10 gm.wtFrom (1) :. R = -
12
13
:. 4 = 10
21 First: R = w Cos 0
=5
R=
w Sin 0 by dividing
.!.!fil The forces acting on the body in the direction of the line
0 is a
=0
Second:
5
= 25N (2) the given force P = R + w Sin 0
whose value is W Sin 0 = 65 x
13
:. R = 65 x
,~
= 2 w Sin 0
12
13 = 60N
:. =Tan 60=
J3
0 :. Ft= 25 - 20 =SN
1!fil The force acting along the greatest slop are the
component of the weight= w Sin 30
=75 N,
112
~-'~
: R = w Cos 30 = 150 x
The value of F =
J3
J3
= 75
J3
\'O 'i
is
J3
-+ P + -
as the
J3
x5
= 10 x - 2
= 45 + 75 = 120N
:. R =
SF ... (1)
3
P= 38
5
R+ P x -
:. P'= 10 x
.r
J3
2
J3
x 5 = 20
3
5
13
R = 65 x - = 25
P + R 65 Sin 0
38
J3
Tcos e
12
13
:. P = 18 kg.wt
=Tan 30 = -
18 cos30
.UR
=18 Sin 30 + P
3
body is about to move
First: R =10 Cos 60= 5
r;;
18
:. J3 x 9J3 = p + 18 x !
23
J3
1
:. T Cos 0 = - N
4
4
1
:. T x - = - N
5
4
16
w ( 05 8
.~
J3
R
wcos30
- x 75v3 = 45
5
.;~
___ .
-:i~~
=150 x
= 32 gm.wt
2
x 25 = SON
5
:. P = 65x - - -
kg.wt
18 cos30
251
.
R = 65 x -
=25
13
12
2
+13
5
:. P' = 65 x -
a =
:. Sin
R+ T
=500 Sin
:. 3
{;;
:. T'= 600 :. w
=600, wei
30) R = w Cos 45
x 300 + 500 x
= 8 ~ :. 8 = x 5
:. 150 12 + w Cos 45
S4
: . 300 + w - w
Ji
:. 5 Ji= 3
J3
:. T + R =10 Sin 30 ,
J3
x 5
J3
= 2Kg.wt
ineach case
First : R + 5 Sin a = 3
:. 5 Cos
+ 5 Sin
Second: R + 2 = 5 Sin
a - 5 Sin a
By Subtracting: :. 10 Sin
J3
= 5J3 = 15
128) First:
R = 150 Cos a. ,
T= 25 12 N
T + R = 150 Sin a. ,
: . 25 12 + 150 Cos
= 125
Ji N
r = R + 150 Sin a.
=100 ~ = =4
:, ~,r-c'- ,:x.
5 COS C>(
.-<::::..~-----
= 5, :. Sin
Ji
= 3 ... (1)
= - 2... (2)
~2 = 3
A.I.A '
, 100
= J3
3
:. T .f3
:. w =100 .. . (2)
J3
T Co s 30 = R + 8
.lW N = 5 Cos a
Then 5 Cos
wcos45
If
5 COS D<
=0 ... (1)
R' = w, R. = 100
:. 400
:. =5
:. T = 5 -
-rlt;\f'~
+ 10 Sin 30
"-
,,...
= w Sin45'
Ji
:.
=0
' 2
R=S
2
.. -- 3
=2, = 3 .
:. R = 300, T =
150 =- 150
:. so -
=500 x
:. x 300 + 200
l2 ~ :. a. = 45
From (1)
=300
a =O
25= 70gm.wt
=0 .. (2)
By Adding:
.f3
3
Sin 30
R + S../3 x!
2
10cos30
(x
~)
J3
z
1
T=
J3
24
Cos 30
(x 2), :. 2R + T = 24 .. (2)
= 2 J3
Ji
:. R = 10
Ji
2
4
J3
4J3 x
!2 = 3 J3 '
SU CO'i30
252
J3
:. 4
x ~ = x3
2
J3
+ 20 x ~
J3 = ~ = _1_ = J3
:. 3
,___
1
___________________
__, quilibriurn under the
3J3
9
0 -
34 P Cos
R - 190 Sin
a =o
P x 12 _ !R-19ox~= o
13
2
13
:. 24 P-13R-1900
=0 ... (1)
a =0
:. R - 190 x
12
13 - P x 13 =0
=0 ... (2)
=0
:. 13 R - 5 P - 2280
Sin(180-0+a)
Sin(90-a)
Sin(0-a)
Cosa
:.P=wSin(0-a)Sec
.J3
=Tan 30= -
35
=-
R = 3 Cos 60= 3 x -
R =3 Sin 60
:. P +
J3 - .J3 x ~ = .J3
:. P =
kg.wt
R' =3
Sin 60
J3 R'= 3J3
-
1
2
:. -
P+ -
:. T = Sin(0+a) w
:. 3P + 2
w
Sin(90-y+a)
.
T
_
w
Sin(0+a) - Cos(y-a)'
Kg.wt
T
Sin(180-0-a)
Cos(y-a)
p
Substitute in (l)
=0
:. y - a
:. y =a
:.
P+
-Ji.- =
-/2-
4.J2.+2J2=6.J2
~4 Cos45+ R = 8 Sin 45
:. 4
+ x6
J2
'
:. R =
J23
J1
R' + 8 Sin 45
P-
24
J2
... (2)
R =3 Cos
:. 3 Sin
1
0 , 3 Sin 0 =T + J
J1
0 - T-
R'= 4 Cos
0 , 4 Sin 0
:.4Sin0 +T- -
+T =
21 R'
- 3 Cos 0
= 0 :. Tan 0 =
73
253
~rz E=(11.2x1:s.;...9) ~
..
s:-e= ~---8=q5
_....~~~
=Jo
254
__. _.. . . .
RB:B-11 =<-S 3J ,AC=t:.-11 =
:.l18xRc..
=(25+6 )k = I<
...-1
__...._
..._.,,
.....
_..
_..
(-2, -5)
3/
i:-
( 3+0
3 ..... "3-"
_..........
AD=:D-A = (-f,z.J
_..
............
A8=8-A
__. .......... =<'z-4),AC =C-11 -:(3,-6) 1
--a..
__..
.....
J-i
=a-' +-;:-J
If m:_(f: Vttld.i <u>-/'- = C3J3J :(-t'f, I)x<-Vf t)
=-tl'3
(-~>I) = .1. f _ v.i)
'-I
2.
2.
@L.H.S. =(11 itJx<4,-3)=<-3-1,)'it =-19K1
.R. 11.s. (I, 1t J x (3,-0-( / z-2.) x (I 7 Lt J
......
_.
......
=(-1-12)1< -
('t+2)k =-1'1 k
..... ....
...... _..
ci'J b ec =.......3.f-2.3 ='51 .....O..G>C = 1-8
=-1
.... .....
11.s.=:1::.x5ax-<-1Jh =-6(a.xlo)
5 .....
1 .......
..
c11)('a@c)xh
..,..
-tr..
.....
@ ur
-"
C :(C,,t:.2
:. sc, +fc, = 31
.. -'1_ +1t.1
=13
_..
:.(5':t+f'j)l<:31 k
. (IJ>C3c.,-~Jl(
....
=13k
.. c, ="
c =t, "t -1
255
~
.....
...ll.
""'
3
3
~-.e 20..+3b=J3 :!!f+3b=l3 4~4, fj2=13
... _..
b =_...3' FA-. (I J a. ::::- 2 . ~A~. c,,,..p.
=~
~.;...
i/J.t+f =~
._ff3
Ji
3
3v13
3
3L+3m=-'I
({,-JL)k +(?n+9)k :i
3L-m :IS ... .. Cz.J,
:.
:'t ,:e..
IS-3L+-m:o ~:~.
..L=3
F.11_..(IJ:.m:-6
256
'I
11
11
3X3
+ tX3+'JX3
- s x3
@Bo= 6'&0..8::6xf;
=~
" 5
..(1 :::: 3~6+4X8:
50,
19
'i:...
1i-
2.
8 ----c....~;:::;,.___,., c
111>:. S x
+2XS + 3X6::: 58,
f1N =2 X't+ 3X3 +i(X .I(+ 6X 3: 51 l<j . ..f. e-
3>
:=12x?f
lfA
@~
=f:
12 ,._
0:~'1 ie 1fic"'u
,,
t.o"""
, "-
'O.
257
i t tA = 1X8.ri.. '': =1.8f3 ,
tt11 =-3 X8..S..:.'o =-12 t'i,
lfc =.+ x JI ~,,
fi '
: : ,,
'i> =4x.+ .s;.'"- 3 xlt466..
= ,fl
_,rf
=213t"'J.4"
@:~=12
.. FX8 +4X6 = 12
':;;..DI.: !/ ,
tl9 =0
~'
xa =
H Z>:: .l o'3w.. .
"
=as;_,;= u3-,
: l'?.l>
-~
11
K
A_..,.....
__
,
.. ~X.lfl'3+tX4 fl - IX .l(l'j'
: (5'+ 6+F'- 13)X2/'J' ..F=l2.N \.,,.
X = -t<n6o+t+Fcn~l _
=- 3+1. + t
f*
=1 '
/ID
~
i
f1..td. : 1(1=6
'f
- 'frl
'/) ~------, (
258
:.321t=fi-1Z -Fa=3'16N.,"tzxlS.J,:316 x
:.;ic.:2.a e.w.. :. AB= 1s. if -'l'8 IZ.6 '-
z
8
1$'()
:. 3.X
=300 +1.x
h.
..Jf+F,F, =
"l.80
~ 5Fz
'- F, ::S6K
=~Fi
=ZID
F, =4 ~'56
3<>D '-
.X :
i""'
"'
'19
... I
If X~=Jixl'
20 =Ii
'
Fj=3X'21:J/,.....111f.
=22"11
4Xl3S"
c
Ill
Aft>
20
._.lf<l2B
~
'ti
t
121
"= 32
.ck=31.
:e
"""' 4.r.fiwru
/JI
;,,, ..ve
11 ,
~ A"<5'2.-.Fi,Fa11,..,,
(j)
F,
,\ 2'.JfJ:ISX(,o
"F,=3'
=2 l'l-J.
,,
- I
.
't-;\-:l~t
8
'
_, ___.,.
8
'
..
259
~=MS
,.f'uJ_GJ,..f<I(&,
II
<l'
~=2+ t+ 4+3
/t11eu ;
a.
cs
tz
.~ ~~~ /k"'J/, C Fi
1J
= 20 /'(
io
12
.lo
1
-.1>
21f
Fj
.~-=--iI>-.,--....._--=B;:.._~---...JA
t
i 6 c 2 N It>
H 3
l.f
F;.
"I
.ffU.+fi"4
.. F,- ~
;r"
+ B'M
=2
. ..
..A
/\
tku. 2 II(oicu ,
fl)
.A
Rae.Ii
afN . ~ /'1N::o
i .X 15 : O
/0
f o-j
3
..c.D=''-
~=IO<-, 2./3C:10 ..
2 :J)H =10
:t '1
1
'ta-Rt
2.
Bc:sc,..., !!=toe.-,
. ~=5 c-.
.A)
.. F =--4' u copf'n4L ro u . .z,,, au c-.L;
_.
....
.A
1:
__,_
.....
I\
/\
tf])
=o
26J
AciJ -M: ~1 =o
V
3o
~o
zo
:;o
..wp3o =tSPx4o h1
" 0
wi
:. ~:::,()Ot""' ...Kt =660 +4SO:lo5o ,.,.,,.<41f. 1
cii)Wt: ~1=-0
1~
-4,...1>,--l+---6-D-~a
+,'""2,..,..0........
:. ~=/ 8tJ
1"""''
@41-JiL
{,(;\
r=o ..
r,
~ciJ1/+7i=2o+5o+ao
4
:. 1/+ 7i IS() .... .(I),
:1.5
1l
c
"'
8 8 -:X
'J)
:.
wxzs.,,,,zon5
:. w = 2.j' 1<3.wf. ,
EA= 2.5 + 35 = {,() c......
25
zo
tT
ciiJ ~-=o
'fi:o
c 50
t'
J"
1j
'2)~~
:.
;_x=8ox
=;
/;?"""(/) . 11> w
...x
:::/0
IS '- W:::l.Zo
,f,
J"" w f .
tf1
t>
/O-f'X
5
5F..1t<Aif8; R, =o .. '11(36-~) :::5(16+iJ . . . tzJ
= 310+.:x.
<1to -xJ ,i.e ::Jt.4- 11ox+ l8tJo=o
:.(:X-2.0)(.X-'/6)::0 :.,)C.=ZO
z. o W =15 XZ.O
:.W =IS
,J
"4r.:x= 91'JU~
F -Z- (/}
lcJ wf.
262
@ch tr.=o
.. w.x
12. 00
JI A
<iiJ ~=o
:. WX(l2o-::x)4:/Jd.
:.
-8'fXl21JCrn =C>
.. W(120--:x) =84.XIZO -l2J
J)~
2 - - ..
126-X - ':/
1.X = (()()-5.)(.
. ;x.:::5() w.,
@ciJ l'/JJ
=o
:. ''IJX4-W(4-:x.)
=o
@'1i'+1i.: 14'1+Wz. + /6
t,, 7; all&. .... 4Z?'.
:. r; =72 = /{, :. / +16 = 0+%,+ 16:.w,+~d6-{I
.1 :
m.. ~ =81<3... f.
L4f JI' ac/4 o..f a.pm:.,,f E 1n4.A<rl ~
/IE =:x.c-., W:/{:.l<'J.Wf., lfA=O
... l6x20-t6x5o-16" +t6x90 =o :.;x.=60ewi
lz
7j:::l8
M~u~,,//j,..ffl,_______.,_ _ _E,__.____ _ __...8
:. Wi. =BKJ-wf. , F.11"""
'..;:::)
6(W,W=ZW
a,,} aclt, o.f E
fl!/
30
30
t.ti.w..
JO'[)
f2
50
r-+
Ji.-10 -12.
7,"+ f2 =
tf,..=o :. 12x2s+1tJx3o-lzx:x. =o
:::o
2Z
llJ,
..t1alatoot :r. k ~
72.id
:. 2W=
-r.::z. ,;.,.,..,a-y.
"'14"t"lat!J
4tJe-,60e- ~
:15 ~ :x ,i,,,~. ="10'-,
~.
7;.=IO
-'4..x ii, ,.,.,411-.,i.e. 6tJ ~,;... .rk,CAM.-. /() < 7;_ <IS J F-'1-. (});
(l)/1H :0
:. -3ooX30
-W:x.+46oX15"=o
:. wx:: S'tJoo . ll> w_
diJl1;, :::o
- 300 X l./o-W(.K.fllJ/ ,.,__.......,,__....._
_,_...,.....,.-
20
-A
+'llD X2.5=o
, . _ W(.:X.+lfl) :::/tJtJIMU BBO
1J.iuz(:k :. ..c_
::: .L2.
Xf-10
=~<J.+ic
=4oc-.
.. w =soo 'Jn'~
.El/ :EC+Cl1
F-?t.mt flJ :.wx10::::5"000
':X - /0 c,,..
/2.
263
nswers of E uilibrium Problems Not lncludin
riction
1 The Algebric sum
of moments about A
I"'
: 0
:. T x BD - 12 x 70 + 3
,_._~---~A
x 40 = 0
:. 48T = 960
:. T = 20 kg.wt
x = 0 :. Ni - TCos 0 = 0
:.X=0=20x
so
100
(1)
=0
' 3'
:. 60X + 40 x 4 - T2 Sin 30 x 8 = 0
.2
:. 60 X+ 160 - 200 = 0
40 2
:. X =
=- metre
60 3
=16kg.wt
1----- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -115 : x =0
6x8
2 Am=--= 4.8m
10
The Algebric sum of
moments about A= 0
:. T x Am - 33 x 4 - 20 x
3=0
:. 4.8T = 192, T = 40
2 Cos
.. {l)
y =0
,33
2Q
~-------------0
8
10
=32
: LMA =0
:. 600X + 300 x 80 -T2 Sin 30 x 160 = 0
:. 600X = 180 x 80 :. X = 20 cm
+ R2 - 53 = 0, :. R2 = 29
:. T = 45
: X =0
w.,
=w
R, ~
R,
x~= 9N
5
:Y
=0
:. R2 + T Sin = 3 + 5
:. R2
=
~3
= ~ N, :. R = J~R-~-+-R-~
Fl=~ J1321
4
:.X 0
:. Ti Cos 60 =
T2 Cos 30
:.T1=.f3T2
T,
T,
0.6
0.9
1.5
P=75
ex
1.2
1
i6
",
:. Ri = T Cos 0 =
45
:. T1 Sin 60+
2 Sin 30 =
600 + 300
: . ./3 T1 + T2 = 1800 ~ Substitute in .. (l)
:. 3T2 + T2 = 1800 :. T2 = 450 gm.wt
, Y = 0 , :. T Sin 0 + R2 - 33 - 20 = 0
6
:. T x 10 + R2 - 33 - 20 0
30
.__'R......----"'--"- B ~
A
:. R1 - T Cos 0 = 0 :. R1 = 40 x
:. 40 x
T sin30
Tsin30
:.T1= ./3T2
R. < y
Ix =O
T sir160
T,sin30
:-:J
""
4
.. Tan a. = -3 ..
sin
a.= -54
4
From (2):. T1 x - = 10 :. T1 =12.5kg.wt
5
Kg.wt
T,cos30 B
16 x 0.9 - T2 x 2.4 = 0 :. T2 = 6N
-+ X= 0 :. T1 Cos a. - 7 .5 = 0
:. T1 Cos a. = 7.5 .. (1)
~ Y = 0, :. Ti Sin a + T2 - 16 = 0
:. T1 Sina = 10 .. (2) Divide (2) by (1)
I
-'<)
! IT
LL
,
1----;;----- A
t-0
co~O
J3
Kg.wt
=0,:. R-TSin0=0
:. T Sin 0 = J3
... {1)
..
265
40
=Rl x 4 J3 - w x 2 .J3 - Ri x 4 =0
:. Rix 2 J3 - w x J3 - 2R 2 =0 ... (2)
I M,
14 Tan a = - = PC 4
160
:. AC=
cm
: X = 0
: .R2=
=0
: . R2 -T
:. Ri
=T ... (1)
Y= O
:. IMa =o
:. Rt x 240Sin e - 80 x 150Sine - T x
x 240 x ~ - 80 x 150 x ~
5
~
2
= =-402 =25
kg.wt.
: X =0
A --~ R ,
Y= O
: . TCos a = Ri
:. 54 T =R2 (2)
40
~ K,
ilfil We assu me
l
Y.
R1 =20 + T Sin o.
150
: . X2 - X1 = 0
4x
" ~ ----
:. X1 =X2, :IMA = 0
:. X1 x 200 - 40 x 75 = 0
: . X1 = l SN =X2
:. Ri x3 -20 x ~ - Ri x 4 =0
~ T) -
= 160
T
3
I M ,=0
: . 3 (20 +
=!w fi
:. Y1 Y2
:. CD = 2.4cm
~
5
Rcowo
T =30
kg.wt
From (2)
230
Ri= 7
=81 kg.wt
=5CD
{!fil :. 3 x 4
: .T =
~w
: . T = 54 x
:. R1
isT = 3w J3 x 2J21
9x4
4~
=0
:. 80
X = 0 : . R2 = T Cos o.
: . R1 = 80 .. . (2)
160
3
~x w J3
A=O
: . R Cos 6ox
R = 120 kg.wt
r - -1-- - -- - - : : - - - - - - - - - - - 1 : . R = 1 0 kg.wt
{16) BE =2 Cos30 = J3
: X O : . T - R Sin 60= O
FE= 2 Sin30 = 1
A
R
J3
In triangle FEC
: . T =10 x
= 5 J3 N, T =0
1
3v 3
! J3
I M1 =Ri x
.. (1)
:. RCos60 + R'= 20
t~n\
i1Qi.
: Y= 0
:. Ri = 2w
J3
+wx
J3 - Ri x 3
=o Sin30+ w Sin
3
30=
2w
: . R'= 15 kg.wt
' - ~
~~~---..-----.-;;._vA
\
\c
\
\ ,,,..... ~"'"
.,. ..
)w
=o
266
:Y = 0
:. R1 = 3w Cos 30,:. Ri = 2w
TJ3
: Y = o , :. Y1 + w Sin 2 e
:. Y1 + 2w Sin e Cos e = w
1
2
:. Y1 + 2w x
x
=w
.J5 .J5
w
5
.. Y1= -
wl=O
:. 2X = ! L :. X = ! L= !
=W,
2
2
2
(21){HL) = (150) + (300) = 112500
:. HL= 150.J5
. a.
150
:.Sin 2= 150.J5
*Cos
H~,-.-------.N
5!:.=~
2
1so.J5
COS<x
:Y = 0
:. R1 30N ... (2)
:. IMs = 0 , :. 30 x (
1
2
4
=2x-x-=.J5 JX 5
The total algebraic sum of moment
about L= 0
:. 5 x 1so Sin a. - T2 x 150 = 0
cos 30 - N2 x 2LSin30 = 0
:. 5 x
54
R.
150
J3 1
T=2" R2
:. R2 = 15 J3 -+ substitute in (1) from (2)
:. 15 x
:. X 30 : 15
J3 / :. :
:.X =0
X = 0 :. F =T2 Cos a. = 2 x ! =l.2kg.wt
:. R2 = Ri (1)
1----~~-~-~-5_ _ _ _ _ _ ___.Y=O
(22) The end of the cable C and the joint A are in :. R1 =w ... (2)
the same
D
IMs=O
y,
Horizontal plane
:. R2 x 3Cos45 + w x 2 Sin 45 = 0
-+Assume that
:. R2 = ~, substitute in (1) from (2)
the angle of
inclination of the
2
2
..-w=w
3
..=3
Rod on horizontal
The Value of Total Reaction=
is e, by taking
B
w
moments about A
wcos2G
2
:. wxAD-wx
AE=O
R
ill Assume that the
A
:.AD= AE
2
length of the Rod =2L
.
Sine
1
:. 2L sine =LCos e , :. Cose =
w +(~wr
Y=O
:. R1 = 20 ... (1)
:X =0
:.Tane=!
2
X=0
:. X1 =w Cos 2 e
:. X1 =w (2 Cos e - 1) =w (2 x
2
=iwm
~ - 1)
5
:. P - Ri + R2 =0
:. 5 - 20 + R2 = 0 ... (2)
267
{fil Assume weight of the Rod= w
IM a= 0, :. 20LCos45- N2 x 2Sin45=0
:. R2 = 10N, substitute in (2)
:. 5 - 20 + 10 = O
15 3
: x =0
=
20 = 4
R
R
(1)
1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - : . 2 = 1 .
MJ. : X =0
A ~-R.
:Y =0 :. R1 =w ... (2),
:.
:. R2 = R1 ... (1)
IMA= 0
:. w x 2 Cose - R2 x 4 Sine = o
Y= O
:. R1 = 6 ... (2)
IMa=O
: . 6 x 10 Cos 60 - R2 x 200
Sin 60 = 0
:.
MR.
:. .J3 =
6, :. =
J3
-+
54 - N2 x 4 x 53 = 0
=0
: Y =0
:. R~
=R~
:. R1 -
W-
:. R1 = 5 w
:IMA= O
: X
R,
A
: . R2=J3N,R1+R2=P
1{.;'
txi
x 6 + J3 = 2 J3 kg.wt
....
:. P =
1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ . S u b s t i t u t e in (3)
5 y 0
10
: . Ri 30 + 60 = 90 ... (1)
R.
:. 2w + 4w x - 4 x 3 w
=
=
=
A ..--...
(2)
..
=0
I Ma = 0
l :. R2 x 200 Sin 60 +
6 x 100 Cos 60 = 0
: X =0
:. R2 R1
... (2)
4w
=0
4 X = 40 - 2 = 34
3
3
:. x =
1: = 2% cm
R (7)First:
"
A - - R,
B IMa = 0
:.
80x 4 Cos 45
4
4
- Rix 8 Sin 45 = 0
:. R2 = 40 kg.wt
X 0 , : . R2 - P 0
:. P = 75 - 60 = 15 Kg.wt
: . R~ - R - R~ = O ... (1)
=-
:. P= N2 = 40 kg.wt
Y=O
3~
2
=3
Assume that maximum distance that the man
ascends= x
R1 = R2 = J3
From {1) & (2)
xwx
:. R2
:. R2 =
MA .
I
' I
~'!!J
___
(iiO)
- 80
: R~
160
=240N
Ms = 0 :. 80 x 4 Cos
Substitute
:. R =200
80 =
1
2
1
2
240
w . w=
45
269
:;: 22500 - 14400 = 8100
:.AC= 90cm
LMA= O
!2 R1 x 90
:. Rix 120 +
--> p ut w = 15 -1
- 95 x90 -50x60 =0
:. Ri = ?ON
Y=O
:. z1 Ri
x =0
91
+ Rz - 95 = 0,
in (1) , (2)
31 = 2.5 kg.wt
:. R2 = 5 x 2
31
>,m
:. 35 + Rz - 95 = 0
: . Ri =60, R = 50 + R
= -31
'"'
0'
''""
112R
50
ri1"'115~)1\X~=~0---------------1
: . Rz Cos 60 - N 1 = O ... (1)
=50 + 60 : . = -3
Y=O
li(-.,13;;);- :A; -:s~su~m=-e~th-:-:e-;-le_n_g-:-:th-o--:f:---,.-,R-------1 :. Ri :. 70
:. Ri
=!
j
~--
Ri
2
: . R1 = 2R2 .. (1 )
I~
i--
l.R
~
A
.v
Y=O
Rl +
4 Ri = w
From (2), :. R1 = 5 _
JJ3 1 11
-2- x 2 = 4
A.A R A
.5
.
- 3J3
. . -11
l!.fil : Si n a
.
1
9
. . 2R2 + 4 Ri = w :. w = 4 R2 .. . (2)
2.:MA = o, :. R2 x 2LSin
1
90
=~
150 5
Cos a. I
!5
R
MA= o
:. Rx 150 - 50 x 120 Cos
- 4 Rz x 2LCos
9 + wLCos e = O
1
:. - 2 R2 Sin 0 - 2 RzCos 0 + ~ R2 Cos 0 =O
a= O
150 R = 50 x 120 x
4/ 5R=32N
e=o
Y = 0 :. R Cos a + R' - 50
=O
:. 8Sin 0 =?Cos 0 :. Tan 0 = !_
4
lt:;~:;--~------.:_8_ _ _ _ _ _ __1 : . 32 x S + R' - 50 = O
(14} X = 0
,,;R
B
R
:. R' = 122 : X = 0
1 R
:. R2 = 6 1
5
:. - 8 Sin 0 - 2 Cos 0 + 9 Cos
:. R1 = 6R 2
: y ::: 0
:. Ri + - R2 = w
5
1
:. 6R 2 + - R2 = w
5
:. 30R2 + Rz
:. R1 =
c
w
=5w :. R2 = ~
31 w ... (1)
30
w LCos 0 - R2 x 2LSi n 0
S1 R
x 2LCos 0 = O
(17)LMA=O
:. w x 30 - R2 x 80 = 0
ll
3
:. Ri = - w
8
Y=O
: . R1 + Rz Cos 60= w
3
:.R1 + - w =w
16
13
:. R1 = 16 w
X=0
:. R2 Sin 60 = R1
270
:. S3 w x
J3
- - =
x 13 w
4
:. J R1 +40 = 0, :. R1 = 30 kg.wt
16
3J3
:. =
Substitute in (4)
13
1-------'------------------1 :. 3 x 30 + R = 15
2
(18} Sin a=
Cos a =
50 4
1
x -w = 80 5
2
:. Ri = -
:. - x -
w = R1,
3
1o
w ... (2)
15
R2 Cos=
uR
R.
_! R1
3
R2 ... (2)
R
:. x 10 w :::
5 w'
:. =
R = 15 ... (2)
~ Cos
2
a =0
a= 1 :. a= 45
= R1
R2 =w
2
:. Ri + R1 = w
:LMs= 0,
:. R1 x 2LCos 9
R1 x 2LSin e - wLCos e =
16 x 2R = 0
:. P::: 8N
2
1 2
. Sine 1-
.. - - = - - , :. Tan e = _:.!!:_
x :::0,
Cose
1R,
Y=O,
1
R1 + Ri = 15 ... (4)
3
LMA=O
R1 x r + 20 x 2r = C
2
:. 2R 1Cos e - 2 R1Sin e - R1 (1 + ) Cose = 0
2
:. Cose (2-1- ) = 2 Sin 9
Sin a+
:. Ri (1+2) = w
:. - Rx MA (r) - JR x MB (r) +
LMA=O,
:. R1 x (r) -
3w
.
3w
x 2LSin a + x 2LCos
4
4
x-
(21) R2
R
R1 x 2LSin a+ R1 x2LCos a= 0
a=O
:.X = 0
:. R = F + 16 ... (1)
R' +
-i
1
wl Cos a - -
LFv = 0, :.
7
w, from (2)
20
:. wl Cos a
.. (3)
:.
:. Ri =
_!
4
IM0=0
2 w x 5- w = 0, :. R1 = S
75 Ri = w ... (1)
3
R1 = -w
Substitute in (2)
:. 32 =
:. R1 + R2 Cos 9 + ; R2Sin 9 = w
:. R2 =
Y = 0 , :. R1 + R2 Cos a - w = 0
x =0
:. R1 =
:. R1 +
y =0,
:. R2Sin -
R1 =0
angle a
:. Ri +
w ... (1)
X = 0, :. R2 Sin a -
:. = 2
R,
271
MR
Y=O
:. R2 + 1 R1 = w (x 2)
:. 2R2 + iR1 = 2W
: r
.. .from (1)
:. Ri (1+1 2) = Ri w ... (2)
: . m (' 4) + m
A
:. OF =
22
:. Tan=
=45,
1= 2
of /JS
:. E is the midpo int of AC
= 0.41
1~-----------------~
(23) L:Mm =0
:. Tan a
: . R1 x LSin 0 1
R2LCos 0 R1LCos 0 = 0
=2Cot (90 - a+ 0 )
:. 2R1Sin 0 - 2R 2Cos 0 =
R1Cos0 ... (1)
=Tan ( 0- a)
L:Mc = 0,
=w
Sin0
-Cos0
R'
=w Tan 0
y = 0,
:. R1 = w + T Cos 0
: . w Sin 0 = w Cos 0 + T
2
Cos 0
Substitute R1 in (1)
Sin0
:.R 2 Sin 0 - - w =
Cos0
Sin0
2R 2Cos 0 = w --Cos0
Cos0
2
E '-----'::+-----
-3
IC, = _E_D_
2/JE
=-8-C
= 2Cot (EAD)
: . R1 x 2LSin 0 - wLSin 0 - R2
x2LCos0 = 0
: . 2R 1Sin 0 - 2R 2 Cos 0 = w Sin 0 .. (2)
From (1), (2)
:. R1Cos0 = w Sin 0
R.L
Line R'
AB = AF :. m (' 3) = m (' 5)
: ME II BC , M is midpoint
2
:. 1 =- - :. + 2 - 1 =0
1-2
:. R1
= 90 : Line
when 0
1-1 2
3)
And divide by L
R1 (1+ 1 2)
IMA= 0, :. wLSin - R1 x
2LCos 0
+ 1R1 x 2LSin = 0 ~Sub (W) from (2)
:.
r 1) = m (' 3)
xl
ff1=-48
tLC(ll4.f''l,_
6
2.16
B:D
~
10 ~
=- '35X8' =-28D
+280'
F XIO
2.80
(i).f, =-~
(3,a.J =(-b,i,)
\:::.)
.....
.....
= .1.t , /1 =:z>c x F,
:. II H II =1 , L :::: 31_ =
~
3=-h:.b
.A
= /.it
Yf+lt.
@ 11
16"3 ;cLY
1/1:
.x llC
M=
itlL .. f1,:=-'18L'
2
J,JI
:. M =-8.1..t
-'llN 11
=S-t
M~.
(!JC
IJC
IZO =FXIS
(fJ8)'t::: (8)?.+
lfJO
118 :/()
.4: 8X6=
/(j
01\M1ll
x
nxz.o ,
cF
UMs.11
. 2.0p1/3 = 2X/2.X'l.o
F -- ~
113
'"""'l~ll.C,.
.,, {)
"'(j
ef;/;
- ..
-o
?rll';'M&HI
-30 X? =-2/IJ
nu~/4~
F
B
x. co
1SO
= zso N
C. J)
O-::::
18 r:-> a..';
:ca= c:D~
'lo ../S::::c:vxt
Ci,,.,
~t*f..lh
~Jrh
c/hl.pL ff,
~ f1 1 c
tiko
1'
273
@ .:r,1,c. .nqJ i4
;,,., JlFa.
.. w~rt"f..#.L .,,uJ
a...J .4t.. A.tacfUt>, o-i
tk ,1,,#r?1~ a..
C#V.f'!!.-~ e~
wid .a.c. ~ Glu~ r11=8'4M'3 .. K~ w
-~~4 """/'~
11,_ =-Sltoff , .; l'1z.=- W
..
274
! .
.. _ ti A
II"-----'- B
=-fl Xlt>
(
=-foo .. /12.
'
([)sD=ltiwJO:SY3 ~])
. SN :1(1"3 c-
70
= -1o x NH
ifN ..L 1k ~
:: -10 x8S6-3o =-2 !~ ~ c:-10X8 =-'J''IJ
. . M3 =-M.i, =-z10 ,_..r.<... ... Ifs=-~ =5'fJt-"'' """
- - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - ---!
~~I G.uo CtrU.p/to:
F
'12
Brr-...;,.:;,..;r:-r-,.,_-.=..:..:..;.:.;_-.t---...JA
ISw.
;11,:11.,_
<Bl>l= UJ J -+ osi'= a.
1 f .. 81> = 11 c-.
: 111 =11z "- 6&Xl5"=/:Xl1 . F='IJ N
~ n-r/M4, "'f..-UL .liod/01a;, 411L ~~N, ldN
.:
= # xfl: =3 f l
(!) 7b -o /mcu
a t:ox.~A_ ,..,C/J
C1 ::: 6 () ,X2 o
U1Jo, 100)
60,
K1. wf.
,0, , . , .
-mtl'M,
c."--_-f;;:~~
ld'llwJ
(5off,5orc)
A t:IM.;'..
"""" ,,,""'. c 3 :;onxzoFi.
=2/JOO
@
"-
'-
s"--~--->h
~41. ~
.. -5Yl"xlt~ -F XDH
,o
=F YAffiX!/.
FX2.oq
,., .
.t.
(j)rto,91J)/,,,_ a
c~
c--~---
( 70J1DJ;'tn-
a.ON;&- ""'"
~#'1(;4
l<Ra.o
:. F = 10
"II
"
Ii. :/
.: 2
z.
Mi,
42.
'L
"2.
CI)
13
A........,,,.....__ _...,.
1)
0 .$. """ ~
-f-tJW. "4 ~"Hfl.J' c_,,J..
+
+ i,n
= t--' "-
=-3X5'
'TJ<.S
6a
X5''i.
-~ - ,o =-Fx5fl F=6fi-j;,
@1tc=5oc:..,Sh.1=.J
:. HN =to&k.8 124"
<~,,oJ ~
cvi....
Aii ,
-,......,,......;,..+:;;,P..,..
275
( ~() >4o)
.-a
411....
Be , (5'0 1S1J) ~ ~ HN
.. C= C1+Cz +C3
= ::J.40 VJ
.. c
~M.~c
(iV
v,----~,,__--~~
cdM;
&
<-f-
~/i; "(/4
120 ~---- 73..,,..
fntL3q
c~-11~----~-------B
3 L;croe
atWt
~ ef4
15'
311 S;..B
q; -
BH =6.si..60
. = 3f.3c... 1
8 0 :::: 10.s;.. 6o.:::Sf'3 @
7/iL ,,41.f ~A
'
'-- . . _
"'(
.......
/t'J"""
/ii/o c(fJl.p.fu :
2+ ( '=
:.IJ8 :::/O&wt=8C::::cD=.ZW ,
tfX
= ~ = ~8c-m =NY
@(/ICl= ( '/)
12) 22. S
:. AC.= IS c.,.,,.
~
ad -i.. 4
t
/flla,o
A1C-C..
.. ;x. Y = L N
f. 6 c....
. c
?;U.,,uf- ~14 ot 3((111.pA,,,.
a Ci?U~ ..zlt..
44
,B
?ttillU.4/W-
"/'itiJ
..t.i'P an-
~ oidut.
a..."J ll
- .U.-&:: 3
'( - /2.. - IS'
"1'1fq"m .
='z ..
Ac :. C: C1+C2 +C3
- 1441-lf.. &m .
z:
(j)Jk,41.f c~'4
'1 ~
Clfl.(p/u; ( 13 1 11)
.. 7JUO ,.ul
l<rw.!'
~/,(
an.,..
.&. ~
.4a 4!f.
,z
a.
a-1 ?H.L~
. C::::C1+Ca+C.3
@/:'Jl~ 4
CD ~ ,u.J- ,~~ 6C
N.e- .
Colt~ ; "'
3
(
4o)
~ AH,(5o,So) tiaNw> Bo>(6a,Jo)
= BY3-
('~ ~ :
/uaU/4
T-7- 7 -
( '
... ,
__,.
~ +~
er 1;,
a. ~
=-1x a.a
=-1;rz.. (fx5X8 .k. to) = -140
@8H:::15-9=b'~ H/l'::.:.(7.5):_<6/
: 24>-25 ..Cl/ :4'3"' :DA=45'-
: ,,,,~ t>f 5 .____-r:---"llr--~-..J1111
Ji& CfJMJ>A.~=l,32.
:.
I( x tt:WA..
= It 32
Kx-zxf<-l+IS"J .x = 432.
:. 15'
El., :JZ
'14at
,..,.~.
f
I<
.ti..
::;; 12.
15"
f = ..!:%..
'1'5 ='"'
, Fi=1SX4:Jo, F,
@FAfhtt Pf"-~""
/.JI = 5 """" '
"{EM..
/Ai.thl3!.U L 11fl,
HCO, o:DA
= .f (3Xl.f +6X8
+12.k,)= , ,
. A.tU4"( A LH o
;::; A11ta. o( ~
A Q:.Uall<t.
El
'
if
277
3
@ S =l"- ~ :(f-3 'r +3t+4)cA -.!ti: =<t-lf-+3-)c
JI>
(i2\ _.
~
_..
3 3"
I
\:!_) ,/(f)=Ylf) -T'(o) :::[(.3-zt)_ 3]c,~
6 .. 3(3--z t l(-2.};;;: _,
$ ='a.
_..
_..
_,.
'Z
-i
"
'2
.A
.....
.A
:. V=(31:--Jz/'+3)c , a (6t-12;c
.. V(oJ = 3 ,
.iAru.wlaJ- '=~
-'I
@s=t-Jt
' V
=(16.at=o.1(Ut-J4f)
r=c: .uk..
c;;
~0.7..ss+
:.t:
ciiJ
,,,,,,'4,,,.
/{,. 8 )<.!{ - 4. 'Ix ~ff=
-:! -0 ,....,At,,.,. o.1t ( Z-1{ -
/::::o
V:::: /6.g,
d:::::-f.'
(i)li=
:. t,
S,+s,_
279
lf/O=o+ tf
'l
0a = 1sx&~oo=5..,,,I"'"\22S'() =o+i.xsr.,_
t=
.: t- 2
..
30,,..u:.., V=Sx3o=IStJc./IJA.c.
/-:. fx'o
..a
V-.t,5x~:::-Z5..,.J,,u.e.,
Tl "i:"'
~ .. ZS=ff+llOll.
JU. t:liN..c},., :d,
=llJO,,..U:.. : V=.U-+4
=t>.os-1~1:.:1. =5 c-/c.
'l;...,
1000 -
'!t
:: 'l'S ""11/.M.C. ,
23'(J(J:::1SX2o+i_a.x"too :. a =5"-'/A.U 2 1
V=1S+5Xzo = 175c,,,.,J,M.c..
U~2.X4X1oo
f- .. t2.+al--fl4=o
.- .ll='l+Jxt=.l/S....;..
=o .. f=if.SCc. .
=
1
":2.XIO::ZO.S.c-
""= 11,,,,
v:1Z6x.S. :35"M/AU.
(i} (35)L=(5)~zaxJoo
18
.: a= Z-wt/.A.&c-a.
..t=3SA...,
281
<ii)
= 9~ ._
:. 1/9;:;2.l+f.St
...
t= 10,,uc.
: v=.u+st
~IJ a..,,;J
zJ ::;U>+ ~Bit _.., t, =2-86 S..U.:.
rf7'11'(4 JIU~ dil1"'"u.S J.:w.f~ lk.L
t.-1i'J<Z.B >i+24xo.J4 .o a.=-'2.flt>on1/,,e.u,.
.f"~ ~ U.. a !'..l'lean = f ,,41..c. ~ ' ( ~
ciii) o =2. B-Z'l61Jt.,_ :. tz:o.ol .\ !;+/;. =2-Bt+o.ol=ZI?
1fl"@ =t"+ao...w:.. F'n a..1~: S=361<l.,x<t+2~)- .. (J)
CNk A/iu/
4 ..
z.
..I
z.
"=
QI.Ji,,.
t .uc.
@I.ct 4
m,
:::: o4:-t>..
F'1.llm
('2.J ...
*:
I.,.,~: V 2=z.x1101'6i..5
2z.+o o
.r""4i"'- ~:
M ::::
350 }(
@w v= 10-1.a xs=2.1-m.u:..
(/')
=-
dNl'Wlllllil,
:o
ciiJ V=1J. 5-?.axzo =-1z.z.s..,.,fA ~,
5: 1J-S' 11.20 -f K'lB X'1oo = -4 to.,.,,
V= 13S- 'f, '6 XIS
13.5 7'1'1/,41.c.
.S:73SXIS"-f_X'l8X'l.2S
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=6
OOd
17~ =~Vi,
:. !tL =~ =..L
31$'00
Hi,
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<iii)
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0'7h
:.
k's. -/Au..
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Mtfl#)
hJ6./,
V, =16. B -.tuc.
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= !FIJI V1
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3;. 5
Ka 7f!J/,M.c..
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7.
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~ 1fftU ""'zoxo.oolt
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-
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rt4 . ki,.1. : ._. v ~
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//
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'loo ><3.
wt.
F - ws.;..36-1' = o
:. =i
~
w+ 1' =fdoo+ 6x2,... F = 3000+1so =3 150 1<9.J.
F- w,.s;,...s -~ = o
..14o-Si.5xj - Y = o
... "f'= B~ KJ.
. R
J .,
= 82...5 x f'
R-
WC(l)(J .:: 0
285
IJ c is. a
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wt.
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287
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!I
.. 1?:.13S('f.8-0.g):::13SX'fll
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J'.
.~ 31 ~ ~
c.
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290
f-r-_.,.,is;,.8=n11...F=.r+ .,,,/s.;..8
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=i4)(
/00
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291
Applications on Newton's Law
(7) 560 =
. T = 280 x 1176
..
980
336
t
gm.w
:. v = a t = 196 x 3 = 588cm/sec
.!1125 x 103 x 980 - T = 25 x 103a ... (1)
T - 24 x 103 x 980 = 24 x 103a ... (2)
By adding, : . a = 20cm/sec 2
Substitute in ... (2)
1-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--i
1-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--i
at :
x 140 x 4 = 280cm
980
After 2 seconds: V = 245 x 2 = 490cm/sec
S= i
x 245 x 4 =490cm
Vt
i-=~~-=-~~~'--~~~~~~~~--1
a x 4, :. a = 280 cm/sec
5:
.!.2
1
1
V = 280 x - x 280 x - = 35cm
4
2
Then the height of the body (25) is
65 - 3 5 = 30
And it's velocity:
v2 = (140)2 + 2 x 980 x 30
V2 = {140) 2 {1 + 3) I,', v = 280cm/sec
J11
:. V = 140
cm/sec
:. 6M = 8 x 42 .:. M =56 gm
After cutting, V = 140 x 3 = 420cm/sec
After cutting: 0 = (420) 2 - 2 x 9805'
:. S'= 90cm
Maximum Height= 630 + 90 = 720cm
s = .!.
x 140 x 9 = 630cm
2
After 1 sec: S1 =420x 1+
1
2
2 x 980 = 910cm
292
he distance between the 2 bodies is ~
x630+910-70==2100cm
11 Assume the mass of the hung body from the
--'--9-8-0--'-- =l20gm.wt
balance is M 1
~The body will be in equilibrium at holding
wire
:. Reading= T =Mg= 200 x 980 Dyne
M 1 = 200gm, and by assuming the mass of the
other body= Mi
:. 300 x 980 - 200 x 980 = 200 a
2
:. a= 490cm/sec
g. Of body Mz is
M 2 x 980 - 300 x 980 = M 2 x 490
:. Zero
17
=490 -
140t , :. t
=7
sec.
280 cm/sec
280
1
:. M2 = 600gm
51
x 280 x
1260cm
1--------------------1
2
210 140 980
2
-- 196cm/sec
f ter f aII ing of mass (350 ) t he acce Ierat1on
w111
12 a =- < - + } x
210 140
h
. t
'
100 - 250 980
g. of the body (210) is:
ange m o ~ a
+
x
100 250
lOx 980-T = 210 x 196
980 196
) 168 D
o
the time to return to
T 210 ( 980
yne
tarting from instant
we apply
But the reading of the balance is equal to the
1
2
=Vat+
at
ension in the wire holding the body 105 whose
2
equation
:. - 1260 840 t + ~ 420 t2
- 105 x 980 = 105 x 196
=-
:. t2 - 4 t 13 V = V0 +a T, T =
~ = 2sec
2
:.Zero= 40 +ax 2, :. a= - 20 cm/sec 2
:. M x 980 - T = M X - 20 ... (1)
- 500 x 980 = 500 x - 20 ... (2)
By adding, :. 980 M + 20 M =500 x 960
:. M = 480 gm, from (2)
. t = 500 x 960
..
510
6 =0
4 . SN
put
293
_ 120+M2 -M1
3a 120+M1+M2
x g .. . (2)
: . 360 + 3M 1 - 3M 2 = 120 + M2 - M1
: . M 2 - M i= 60 .. . (3)
120 -so
x 980
(1) 84 =
F
rom
'
12o+M1 +M2
:. Mi+ M 2 =580 ... (4)
Ad d (3) + (4), :. M 2 = 320gm, :. M i= 260gm
(20) Vertical Distance = 2s = 20
:. S = 10 cm
:. 10 =
ax (1)
2
, :.
a= 20cm/sec
(23) S=
2
a t , :. 200 =
a x 4, :. T = 100
50 x 980 - T = 50 x 100
:. t = 50 x 880 + 980 = 44.9
T = Ma, :. 50 x 880 = M x 100
:. M = 440 gm
@
140 =
.!.2
a (1)
:.
a = 280 cm/sec
. t = 20 = lsec.
From (2)
:. t =350 x 280 +980 = 100 gm .wt
After 1 Sec: V = 280 x 1 =280cm/sec
After cutt ing the body {350) will move with
uniform velocity.
1
_
Aft_e_r 2 _se_c: V = 280 x 1/ 2 =140cm/sec
..
20
2 _ _-:---:--- - - - - - - i (28) 48
1_ _ __ 2 _ _ _
=-2
294
:. T = 1 sec, Velocity of System
V = 120 x 1=120cm/sec
~Then the body will move the remaining
distance= 180- 60 = 120
With uniform velocity
S
V
120
120
T= - = - = lsec.
:. T2 = 1300 x 49 = 65 gm.wt
A.fter 2 Sec
2
:. V = 49 x 2 = 98 cm/sec
After cutting wire the mass 1300 will move with
uniform velocity after another 1Sec, :. S1= 98 xl=
98 cm then T2 = 0 add (1) + (2)
:. 100 x 980 = 70 a
1------=--------,,-------t
3
3
(29) 50 x 10 x 980- T = 50 x l0 a (1)
S = - x 224 x - = 28cm
2
4
!The equation after cutting the wire is
:. a'= 140cm/sec2,
:.
S2 =VT+
aT 2
1
2
:. S2 = 98 x 1 + - x 140 x 1 =168cm
2
lthe distance between the two bodies
= 168 + 50 - 98 = 120cm
@11 a=
90 x 980
= 90 cm/sec
90 + 890
After 2 Sec: V = 90 x 2 = 180 cm/sec
1
2
S = - x 90 x 2 = 180cm
2
After cutting the body 890 moves with uniform
rvelocity in the remaining distance which is 270 180 = 90
5
+ 2as
:. a, = _ 196cm/sec2 , v2 =
2
:. zero= (112) - 2 x 196s' , :. S' = 32cm
. .
90
1s
1-if_,o_ta_l_d_ist_a_n_ce_=_2_8_+_3_2_=_6_0_c_m_ _ _ _ _ _-11n time= 180 = 2 ec
~ M x 980 - T1 = Ma (1)
rrhe other body will move the remaining distance
M x 980-Ti =Ma .. (2)
Mthich is 292.5 - 180 = 212.5 with gravitational
~ T1-T2=175 a .. (2)
acceleration
~ T2 =125a .. (3) , T2 = 50 gm.wt
:. 212.5 = 180T + 490T 2
2
:. 50 x 980 = 125a :. a= 392 cm/sec
:. (2T - 1) (98T + 85) = o
From (2) T1 = 50 x 980 + 175 x 392
1
. T = (14+10)196 x2 =
t
:. T = 2 Sec
120gm.w
.. i
980
{141250 x 980-T 1 = 250 a ... (1)
From (1) I:. M x 980-120 x 980 = 392M
rrl -T2 = 300 a ... (2)
vJ
:. SM - 600 = 2M
1-:_.M_=_2_00__._gm
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _---t:. a = 140 cm/sec 2 , after 3 sec
v2= vJ + 2 a s
2
:. Zero= 420 - 2 x
980
cm/sec
980
S, :. S = 270 cm
295
: . S = i x 140 x 1 = 70cm, after cutting the wire T1 R = 2T Cos (
=Zero, add (2) + (3)
:. - 200 x 980 = 1000 a',
2
:. a' = - 196 cm/sec
Where the body 800 is at a distance
80 + 70 =lSOcm from the roller
1
2
: S = VO T + "2 aT
:.- lSO
=140T - i
x 196 T
lei.:>
) = 3.42 J3 N
6
3
1
2
= - x 80 x 2 =160 cm
2
~:_.M~i_=~3_0_0.:::g_m~,_
su_b_i_n_.:_(3-..:)~,_:._M
--=-2_=_2_00---'g=-m-----1n- _ SO x
x
980
3
5
By adding :. a = 24S cm/sec 2
IV= 24S x 6 = 1470 cm/sec, after cutting
a'= - gSine = -980 x .! = -196cm/sec 2
5
V = V0 + aT, :. Zero= 1470 -196T
30
.. T = 4 = 7 !2 Sec
T - 630 x 980 x
-700
:. - SO x 980 210 a,:. a1 = - 3=the acceleration of the body (210)
2
700
S,
:. Zero = (280) - 2 x 3
T1 J2
.!
= 630 a .. (2)
2
:. a= 3S cm/sec 2, V 2 x 3S cm/sec
= - 490cm/sec 2
2
After another lSec
IV' = 70 - 490 = - 420cm/sec
2
2
IV =
+ 2 a S, :. Zero= (70) - 2 x 490s
a' = - 980 x
vg
:. S = Scm
r~ J2
19x5600 19
= 120x560 12
T - 600 x 980 x
I- 3 x 103 x 980 x
are~ 4
= 3 x 103a .. (2)
:.V =
with acceleration
V2 = v02 + 2as,
:. Zero=
:.S =
280x280x3
2x1960
0
. 2
30
:.
e =60
1960
3
=GOcm
:. 6M
=2100
:. M
=350 gm
3sec
560
3
x 3 = 560cm/sec
140 x
. v : : 168 + 21
x 308
..
(44) S = ~ a T
2
:.
140 = ~ ax (2)
47 Equations
Motion are
160 x 980-T 1 160 a ... (1)
980
+ 240 x
240 a ... (2)
3
=160 x 980 = 160 a ... (3)
2
By adding :. a =140 cm/s
fter 2 sec
1
x 140 x = 280 cm
=322
:. a= 70
2-::::
400 r .. (4}
10
14 x
:.Sine
10
V =a T =140 x 2 =240cm/s
fter
the lower wire
1 =zero, adding (2), (3)
x 980 =400 a
2
280 + 200= 480 cm
297
:. R = 150 N
P Cos 30- R
= mx a
:. 3 1 = 1470
J3 - -J3
..
:. 1960 - 2 1 = 490 + 1
:. 1 = 490gm
420 x 980 x -
V =at : . V= 3920
"a
'
= 3920
1 V=V 0 +at
:. O = 560 + a x 2
J3 -
980
3
v3 cm s
J3
: . t = 12sec.s
: . SIn
= -1.2
2
: . Cos 0 =
3
5
= -
1.2
5
:. R = mg Cos 0
:. R = 5 x 10 3 x 980 x
1
:. S
= 2 a (1~ )
g Sin
lane
r.:;
980
:. a = - 3
'--.....:'<>:!'I()
__JL:::...
e-
:.
~ = 4 x 103 x 980
5
a = 196
R= m
a :: R = 5 x 103 (980 x ~ -
196)= 10 x 10 x 196= 2N
.
N 10x10 3 x196 1
.. = N = 4x103 x980 2
AJ. R -
Where R = Mg:. -x
AJ. g
:. R
=m g Cos e
:. m g Sin 0 -
M x 980 = x - 280
2
=ma
... = -7
.
1-2
- N
_ =_M_g_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.....j . . a = 980
:. Equation of Motion is
p - R = Ma
: . 3.15 x 10 3 x 980
7
3
- - x - x 10 x 980 =
10
2
m/s
ill\ _
__..P
m g Cos
5
(13
-
2js
12
1 12
1960
4 x 13 )= _1_3_
:. v2 =0 + 2 x
1960 x 260
13
: . V = 280cm/s, Eq. of asce nding
JJ.g
- m g sin 0 - N
x 103 a
:.
0 = V2 - 2 x
7840
=m a .. a ' = 13 cm / s
784
: . a 588cm/S
: . V = O +at = 588 x 5 = 2940 cm/sec
P sin.30
=360
JJ.R~
.orp
-=-r"L~'""
.U g_
x 260 :. v = 560cm
=
13
6 First: When the plane is rough
1---- - - - -- - - - - - - - - -.. . J : . a = g Sin 0 - g Cos e
3 R + P Sin 30 = mg
2
..!.2
V=
~
, "~-. # >t:r;,,,_
R + 420 x
J3
-~~T
:. a = - 280 cm/s
:. - R= M x a
Ji cm/s2
: . a= 3920
otion on a rou h
298
-..J2
-..J3
= 980 ( ~ - - x
2
.'. s = .! x ~ t~
2
r::; )
245
~ cmf s
-..J2
.. (1)
,.;2
e = 980 x ~ cmfs 2
a= g Sin
:. s = -X
2
980 )
~ t:; .. (2)
-..J2 -
By adding
:. 50 x 980 = 700 a,
2
a= 70 cmfs
.'.V=0+5x70
= 350cmfs
r2
r2
4T2
T2
. 1 = - 12 is2
.
1
..
10 ." R m g Cos
:. -1:-.'.T1=2T2
3
1---T_2__
1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~_ __.,=150x980x
T
270
fter cutting, -
x 90 x 980-150 x 980 x
: ._
R =_
T _
J2 _
= 33600
J2 _
Dyne
,__
___
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,- 150 a .. a , = 980 cm f s2 ,
:. O = 1960 - 980 t ,
11 .'. T = 150 ... ( 1 )
:. =250 x~
5
= 150 ... (2)
.'. T + R = 250 Sin
3 x126x980=126a .. (2)
By adding
.'. 28 x 980 = 196 a,.'. a= 140
2
.'. V = 0 + 2 x 140 x 70
:. V = 140 cm/s
After that the body move with a
.
1
. . ,
980
I 2
.. - - x m x 980 = m a .. a = - cm s
3
3
2
.'. V = Vt + 2 a S
.'. 0 = (140)
2x
~0
,', 150 +
x 500 x 980
.
= 1o, aft er .increasing
v =Vo =a t
.'. t = 2s
150: 250 X
i ,', 3
5
: 4- 3
.
1
.. = 3
:. S = 30 cm
. '. Total Distance = 70 + 30 = 100 cm
9 Equation of Equilibrium
R 500 x 980 .. (1)
270g
:.270x980-T=270
mgcose
a ... (2) :. T-150 x
4 1
80 x
x 90 x 980= 150 a .. (3)
By adding
:. 280 x 980
From (l)
I
T
490
cm s
299
(12)0n the inclined plane
:. R =mg Cos o :. mg Sino - mg Cos o =ma:.
a = 980 ( ~ - ! x ~) = 588cm/s
5 3 4
... V2 = 0 + 2 x 588 x 150
:. V = 420cm/s =the velocity at the beginning of
horizontal plane.
On horizontal plane:
1
:. R' =mg
T. _.-14L .. ~- . ____ . _;~,.:.-R'=
T :/<::. ,
-- 41
..
- .
ma
2
_,If
.......
:.-R'=ma
.. - !
3
=ma
... a ,
/!~~):;;--
4x9..S
m x 980
.. {140) = {420)
980
5
3
...
s = 240
(13)equations of motion
'13
'13
3x9.8-T
1
By adding:
2
a=0.49m/sec =49 cm/sec2
3
{14) 42 x 10 x 980 3
T 42 x 10 a .. (1)
3
:. T - 9 I 6 x 10 x
3
980 - 28 x 10 x 980 1.'0 .-,~
4
x5
3
28 x 10 a .. (2)
2
by adding :. a= 140cm/s
:. V 0 + 2 x 140 280cm/s
by cutting the wire
T 0 in (2)
2
:. a' = - 1120cm/s
2
:. Zero = {280) - 2 x 1120 S
:. S 35 cm
R-~
."~r:
28
cose
28
:. S' =
ix
140 x 4 = 280cm
: J::::?n("'-Jt;)
-' VZ;:: 313.(, n/,11u:.
@:.1 =FXf
.-. 11.,.t;:FX
.. F= 11'64X 2S N =
:o.'1(~
: T:::?'l'J(l/i-&f)
'1=2.f'J<
i: !/
1*1/AC
.~I::::
::::0.2.S( 18-
=F X ~ .'..
V;.=t,sx.,f =
. 2.
6z5
..3.8=Fx:f9
. I.,,,(V1- llfJ 3.8..::::
@:t::::-m
._.:z::::
f7\ .,,, Mr pnt.. .,AM.~ :::: i l l
~:.?'YJ;;::t>,l't '1 ks :
'"
:. FXl=O.. 11(1(2.fJO-O)
:Fxt::..,,,,lV"&-V,) :.
F .::: StJX'f..tD -:::: 251JO
'18
@r=.,.,,<Vz-'1J =21000
= '" '1-tJ 00 H.....u.c .
:I=FAI- .~
'l'I
.,....""f.U.
i
. Fxr
:?!Ill
F:::o.JtfK
1:-
() := .u.1:.. 1,Xf. I
JUJ, 'J
=o.til[it.Z-(-;t)]
301
,
.. 1.1sc~-(-.l{.a.)J :::z5;t.'/.8xro
..~+~2= 1
.. ~=a.a .,.,;,,uc. .
(2. 8) 2-2.X f.fiJ
.. () =
H!:
'WI(
!.
:z>-W;.t&.. - f= 3-~)(.
00-"'
. .. . (I)
. . . (2)
'tl
~ ..S-2 =Vx t
.. 3ot+.lf'/of'l._3ot
51 -~ :::: 'f o
:. f= .1... Sc.c.
=34>f .
=fo
,
~
..'/OX 2.lto.(
~
. v:IDi/<L
. . 51
...l
..Jo
v, =2.fd ,(
:.x=6c k.a.tMt.,
+ ~
@) 8Xf+ 12x1s
l'1 = -160 i
-'.llVH =lo~o,,,,/c.,
!="= ~1200
-='O(ltJl1+/IUJ) :.
ciJ .r...,,,.cf'(/I, 8 :
.. V = 7o ""'/.M.c.
tiiJ J...pacl' !( A1 8 iorlhA .MU C: ,,..
3 00 xf 0 + 0 = - 300 x /If 0 + 450 v
.. V::: 51 '-/"""- , I= ?"'1(Vz- ~)
="tSO( 56-o)
=2. '52.oo ~
;tUc.
5o(3o-4$D)=-2.llJOl1~
'
x..Ju =
:. v'L :
3 c,,,.,/,ALC.
4 _,fl _.,..v
@ @
6X50-
fA.'l-f- 2.G$
4=-V
. o (l~J":rza. x.1/1/.. 1 :.
c.../.A&'"';
LJ ~ he o. """ llec. J,.,. ~ JtM.c.&,. r(
302
.,,,,. o./Wz c~
-~= (2.1+
.. -r'=?rta
().f )(-'l!l) ..: .,.. !.! ,.y
=3
'I
i.....
.;.A ~/i,n
Ju_
Cl "'""'
..
a/lb. ~,J
-f'=mA.
.. - 5/tt>O : '/DfJ Q. : - ~() e-f,,u.c.."-,
. Vl.=a'L+ZAG .:. o::: "li._2.X6o J( 120:.JJ:/Zo,
'JO~l,D-'/OJ(.60
+~
!!4 ~ y- -!0
@ @ @
=-5tJY+'loXIZo
V= 161( c-/,M.c. ,
1 = f o( IZO + '")
=16200 ~-'"
,;
,;
11soo =2,-olf-<-~o)J
" 3X IS'+
-f
=-1X/2.6-t-4Y
V = 133 Cwt /.UC
f1>tf
/\
.~c
{#..
~ ~l
Y;.
0 0 0
Q.. -4~~~'."'-=t"'-i~"''fdl,l--ef""
"/5:
Z-toX/2-'l.J,oxlS:
-2.l{oXB+zi/oV
' 'II-:. 5 -m/,M.C.
~f ~
--;;p;;:-'
~t
h1t,k
8 e/l1IL
"-~
1.
V"=
.-. a.:: - "'..,/AU. . . ,
@. F-f' =,,,,a. ;. 14 x 'l8-f x2Bx'l.8=284 .,. -mi- Y' =_,a. " 'f'=--(9-a.J=2ifSo('/.8+ 9')
:. 4 :::- 3.5 ,.,,/.A........ V,= o +3SX2o :::70,,;,uc. =21/SOXll~.g ,+' : '18: 2.'i/50 K/""f .
: 28)(1tJ +o =(2.8+12. )Y .. V:::J(fm/,u.L
/'f~P, "f" ~;,,,: m=:l.8+1Z:~okj.,
@:S:. "-t+ iat '-ISO =,.t'+-Jxzf"
A.L=4'/,....,,,/,tu.. . -fx+ox,.a =..fo4
.. t'"+st-1so=o .-.(f-10)(/:"+IS") =o
.. 'fJ.. =-/. .t, -m/,4U.'\. V="'+4 t.-. o= 4f-/.4 t
.~ t= lo~ . .-. Vz.= 5+Z.KllJ =ZSC-/AUL'
:. t = 1.!- = 3 5,.c...
\'/ =! ='Ji!= IS e-/,uc..
1
@ut..tk~
4Ju,,,
"'1&...2~~
ofliA 12.AA.c-do
303
@~I &A.~
,t.'4,.. ~~act_.,~~
~tcl Ju.. ../".MC. ~e/""'-"'-ftxc.I: ~ 1#$~: ..S-"t+ia.t-7.
I~d:-65"Xll/t>+?SX,6D=(t5"-+?S) V
V= 235 '-/,,ac. cltnmt .a... p4...c.. ,
.. Sr.="ff--/:xf.8t'::lt.ft-.1f.9f'"".. .. <1J,
S1 = //.f(t+IJ-lf.'/(t+l)'l.
.. (2)
.: ~= Sz. ._ 1~1t-+.,f....=11.1t+11. f-~.ff~f.'l/:l(.f
at&
" s1 :()+fx'/.lf~S..='t9f-ixf.8ti.
: ~+S1 =1~1 ., Jt'lt =I.It 71 .:. t = 3,,A.t.C.. ,
S 1 :t,,,Xf =l/.lf.f.,,,,, $,_::147-#.1.=102.f,,,,,,
.,
- ;,,_
~AftC..
ya"'""., """46j,
c(l&.
'o
F=':ltl'
J""4
/l('f'N 1.f:Vt~fXf)Y(1
,,,,,.,.,,.
CCJ W= o
4f
Vi.=* 'f-f.IX3=1f.{,.,,,,,/.,u.c.
F-t""" fl) . r' = lfl>DJ( N-:- 'f.8: 18751</-wf
r""1"4".:-o.~x2f.it+o.J,;<. /'/.( =o.4V-o.~)(lf.6 .... W:-Y- $' =-1615'';< 12.) ::::-'L 3437.5/tj-.I:
.-. V=l..f.1.,,,,/;UC
7.k1~J... 4fki-pocf:
S=-ltJ2.f ,
""'I
: S,+52 =Boo .. ]oot.:: 6110 " t= ~ ~.8c(<nt..~a.cl~ V,= ?oo-496X..!. tl/d c.../M.c.,
Vi.=
304
~"-7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-r-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@<i> : V~..&A.~
20..S .
=C7oJ~-l.X'f.'l.f S=1So
<1)
~::-Y x5:-l.5J<f.~X'joJiJ.-:;.f.f::-lo56"J-l111.i'
W= Fx s
:. l/Z.56=1=xl68 .. F t1 ,.,. ..!. , F--r='"'a.
T =rF-"'WKL
=-2 ,- /tj wf.
.. W:::- rS= - 2S X/68 =-42Do.f</ . ...,f.-wr.
@5=o+ixo.11tx'100=1,1_, J
=
=,.,_ ltto:.;'"
u, J<.lt
rfi\~
~.....
.A
@::
.JI
=-'Jl-1'1.j ,
.....
.....
4
~
!'.'.\
F=""'a =2('lSc.-t.SJ)=5-< -13J
.':, W= fss =-Jx~.r-12(-13) :14-111. r.;.,.,
= I~/ -i-IOo :::: /.~/ N..,,,, = /. J(/ juJ.c.
jawL
~)
I./
:. w
.(\
,>
=-Z?-lt8=-1S~
l1Kju/.1 S:O.+-f11.l./ZXld1J
:::S,._
= 1rr6 KJJ;.,.,,)
""=
305
@. W: ?Tfj.$_.;,.. 8
.. s .... f) =3 .. " = 3
= ...,..,, s,;_ 8
..7'=80DOX'i.B xfo N-ff.8:::!6ok3. wt .
7M , ,,.
"s11
=itt>x/5 =ltJoe-. = ' ?'If ,
ft Flt ::
=
T~ 1 X1=1/J<IODX1
=o.2.if
/,~
""'i
[;?\ f = r
16 oo .X ~. 2 ~
1 oo K9. ul.
~
IOO
:f'll1U'l/l-=FXV 30X15 =IOOXV
' V= il.,.,/.Af.C.
=!11)(
~
:i
Tl'l = 81 tc-/J,,,.
: F.::2.fl)o
p~
ISOOX':TS= Fx 1sx fi
l<J..I.. , F = l<I. J.
=fXV .:
Y:
ff
l
2184
306
pa r,,. =
Ff i
I,,.,,:::
F-"f-.,.,j
.. '( /r,.
'411/=
.!L. - ~ .
.. Ya. - v'l. ..
1
J _ ~.rv1
?5X15 :. a.- 33 rJ"oWI.
t.:lP - ,-ex5Q.
Ya.
'
.. Pnl'fA
=F X Va =33'15XJ'.t
=3375 A~
15
= 3360 I<~.~,
V:: 27x.2
=
@ Y= 3o ><i =1:j- ._,f.,4.t.c,.
: f 4Wt'A. F;c Y
'!:;f -'
3'
o~
-=
3 ooo x10
7!!
12DX"1S'=FX/lf1txf;
T = 5""0/(1""",
.,,,4&;..1J:S1Jooox'1.3x..Lit"
(.. ,,.
ldO
f=
11- .::
@m ./iL h~ra/:
..
F-
800"1-15 =FX
F= 1Zoo 1<3.J.,
F'-Y:ma. .-. 7Zoo X 78-1500 X'l!J =35,0004.
... o.:o.151' .,../''\. = /5'.'16 """'"'"".....
= 440 A9UC4
=200 Ko .wt.f
300
I</
44)
'.2.8x1S:3oO
v :. V= 1--/,4&.C
@'f"::o.t Xl"OO
"";:1.s
.,.,,,s... ()
J<s-uf. ,
=3ooox'l.8X~N =3oo
@ V=1 z.~ i
= z o -mI .AU
._. p
O'JCJ"(:l1::::
Fx v
=
=
@111r.l"k ltoij""tJ: ~=4Sx,j =~'-I.MC,
F. =f' =1'15 X ltJ =IfSI) Ks- .,,f.
.. p~: lf50X2.5:: 325 J,,uu
tP' ..tA.t..
v, ... '325'
J( 15
= 3,0oKj.wf. ,
.-.S.O...e:.11::::
r,.
1~~
F- >'-'*J.r.i...'9 = o Y:: F- '"'J..M..'1=3Uo-"D.5o
lf5D -''- Y'= 135'(} KJ..r ... "f'/t;,. = 0 =/S"17 .wf.
@onACL /,~rJ: 31.5X15_=!".K b1SX~
..F::: 150 ka wl-. :. r, F = l!foK9 J-.
@7'= 300 X1.;.2(0ol<,.wf., """'f!l4.S
(ftt ..u.... iM ~J: ,., 1s.;...8 - y'z. =,.,.,a.
=3ooooox'l.'1.X-h;0 N =IZ5"t> Kj.wf.,
!3jo
307
..fa.: 4'5
Fi.+
,.,,,s;,.. 8 - Yz. =
?710.
: . 300
@ o~t'h. Jci'1>ffd,/
&,.ft
JI..
Y's.= ifr
..
l'jW I
F-r2.-4.S....e :o ..F=2.2.5+11D=32S"twf.,
=54 I = IS.,.,, /MC.: p,,.,,,.: ~:6S h111241U
V2.
'15
x-1
@on
ti =
':'o =
.,.,.,~ 8- "/' =0
..r'o""'* -_ 1215'0
X35;:::: 317. Sf AD'UA4
'X'l.XtS
@1.et .,.,,.,. of .nu;,,t4tlelA- pa fan =x kj- ,,,;,
fi) ""1I :::: ( d +'lit 0 300 t;,.,. 1 F,::: J'/ 300J' .. (.1)1
'1 = 1$. 2. ....,/A.U.
(ii J .,,,1. = 60 + Mo 20 o Im. ''TJs.;..(J =2tJoODOd..BJ<
.-. f'tnA. :
oOOO ;c
75
_,,,s;&,...":111ooox9.8x !
hO'UIU
v,
.,.,2.
='Y'1
..
UJ
tm.t..U.&J: : 1"1
n.. :K..llP=
Ox'J
v..,-a. T'J. 31.S K31.5
=-
36000
"15
=4 BIJ~
308
.....
..l.
2.
1.
=
=
~ f'QJll'l/t
-.m
=s:"('W1- IS)
: C'Z}
.. 1zo m ='ioo m-12000 .. 1Zt>oo=8o... ?111::: 1so lit>I , F-"fnl'I tlJ : p(ff1161. ::: 2.lf t>Jl.1541<, ....r...,.,1,
=(2.'1oXl5"0) + 1S =480 JO"l.4tAJ
309
.. v =-3.S .,.,,/Al..
M?C'1of""
11"4 /.,Me. =-w = 5 ...
>1d =
24 =
1<3 "
tn pa.
5 )((). O
,,AL
V= 1a.60
=73Sc
O.
.....
/'2.
'1'10 0
=
(j) v, ...::::.t3oJ -rlloJ..,_= t3oo . 7l:::ixo.J1J.'1J10,
"1_Cfi'-+ l l1Ji.=3'1t> 'Ji.=-:/.xmx 310 @c;, ~z= a.xf.8 x 'B'.I :158.:"~.7/=t,,,,,'1,,
.. 'l!; 7l ... (). 31J<13DO =370?r1 ..WI: 7.3K,.
= -t )(0.3txl58.1tjcJ,,+ '18=2-'"'12k'/ '"'1Pf
cii) ..
ll1+ 245 .... "= IJ,."L- 2.K'l.6 X 3. 6
'""'v=112 .. f""V ?.=6")( f.1J . (2J ..{i-;14.Sl . ~-=iX6.3tX1D .S6 JMl + f.g
::at.15'2 Kt. 1-.
7:,.- 'll =-1 4+ k"3.wt._
J)~Jt. { V= 7 .. V= l"t-m/,,A.l.C. '
1
yi.="
U),
F-'ltttM
(J) ~ /J,
"7M ::
11 2. .,,,..
= tr K.J.
V..c """1' .,..J.f.M,.,F='f'
V-=3o"">o?/M.c . .
7=-f"'v,,_
=().
40
-w1 :.
IO
ofK.E.: Z.~ =FXS'
2 ..
1:= 1'3=1-'2..
.-.
12-T =
..
T:3.'f2.j"4Ja
0
.J.
0
'1.
'Z.
--i-m1'.... :=J.f2.
. 2. )f. , , , ~
3-12 "=-0.04
.. :z.v, =t.oo
~ ~ II)
'
3'"1/.MG ,
:::..
2. "M /,4U'..
:.'J?-T,.
=2o o- /,44..c.
=36. 36o'f-0.18fif=36./8jmd..
..-/$()()() =-3ooS
... s':50-m
'Zh.
=r+2,A.Lc.
ZO,AM...
-f ..
,.,.
'11.=
::::- Y X
!/ )(/IJOO
131.:J.5+ V~
~~ (V- i/)(V+ V) =II
v-v=
.-. z.V:::IO
(ti/ v
'ixl.J.5 A3136-o=1'1.6
ISllOJtj.111/.
5
... -.l.t;t.lo =-'l"X'i/00
:. Y= ~oo
: 1;_-T,= - 4 XltJS
5
.-. 16XllJ 1;:::-4Xlt:fi' .-. T,'::: 20J<ID
..,f.wt.
:-r'XS
KJ.
i...c.
'1=2o.Y.-
"
,,..
..LxfSot:n:>X/;(J(J
::-.:JtJoX'l8 S " S
'&-
='tooo,,,,,
= wJ ~ '3,j .n.W,,~u..
t?-4''l. = - rzz.s :. ""' = kt
UJ 0?11F/.AU. ,
'f'//in :: ..!:iJ!!
-::: 1 5 Kfl.
wf.
2CO
I
v = f xz oo =-to .,,.,, /~
'f::::'ffJON
3 1J
&-{>(.>;+ 1C .$,.J
~~
J
4
'
:. S
= 11 . 2
">n
=2.0 c,..,
10
t
I
~ . "'=21x;j !.f....~,
I
-=.a.
,4-.e.J K.E.
-m. ,
:. 'Ill 7S =F ~2'fSJ<a?iO
.. F'= 7SdlJ
f<J.,,,,f.
313
III
DIFFERENTIAL
AND
INTEGRAL
CALCULUS
315
316
EXCERCISE (1)
...
(3)
(5)
...
(7)
...
(9)
...
(11)
...
lim
x -
lim
x--7
~9-x 2
{5
lim
x--?>o
(Tan x + sec x)
2x-8
-16
lim
x --74
lim
8x
X--i>'312
X--79
lim
(15) ...
x--71
(17) .
x--i>'-J
(19) ...
x--75
Lim
[l]
(6)
. . . X--71!
27
+ 3x-9
-
-2
x+1
lim
x 3 -x 2 +5x-5
lim
(8)
(10)
(12)
x-9
(14)
[3]
(16)
[-.!..]
(18)
[12]
: x--71114
.:
...
...
...
(3)
(5)
...
-625
x-5
Lim
... ...
lim
Lim
X~3
32
+ 2187
+ 27
(2)
20}
---'?-!
x--7
~-J
... x
x--?>a
(1)
lim
--1
23
x+
(4)
1!!..1
-19x-14
...
[2]
2x 2 - 9x-35
lim
X--i>'7
(13) ...
Evaluate
(2)
(4)
(6)
...
...
...
using
the
theorem
317
(7)
(9)
..
..
xs-:rs
lim
[45]
X--3
x-9- g-9
5
1
4x - 8
3
3x--
Lim
X - - 112
12-1
12
(8)
..
(10) ...
lim
X--1
lim
X--1
1912 112
-x
912
x -x 112
x 3-
Txx
l~l
4
[8]
xYx-x
(11) .
..
(12) .
..
(13) .
..
(14) .
..
(15) .
..
(x17 + 1) (x 9 +
lim
x---1
lim
1)
[153]
+ 2x + 1
[_!_]
x-2...(;+1
JO
X--1
Lim
(2x-3) 5 -243
x-3
[810]
lim
5../4-x -1
x-3
I:::!_ 1
3../ 3x + 8 -2
x
t.!... 1
X--3
X--3
lim
X-- 0
(2 + 3h/ - 256
Lim
(16) . h___,.
o
4h
[768]
h--o
lim
Vo-2h>7 -1
7h
r21 1
Lim
(2-x) 5 + 2x-3
x-1
[-3]
(17) .
..
(18) .
..
(19) .
..
(20) .
..
X--1
Lim
X--1
Lim
X-- 3
Tx-4
33{; +
x-1
[~]
x 3 (x - 2) 5 - 27
x-3
[162]
followin~
----?
limits
the theorem :
sin Bx as x--70
_. l im -
4x
usin~
[2]
318
[2]
(2)
:lim
(3)
... lim
(4)
:lim Sin
(5)
... lim
(6)
:lim
(7)
:lim
(8)
.:lim
cot x
1C12-x
as
(9)
:lim
1C/2-x
cos x
as
(10)
: lim
(11)
... l'zm
xsin -3
x
(12)
.:lim
x sin 3x
as
sin 5x tan 2x
(13)
:lim
4x +sin 9x-Tan 7x
sin 2x
asx~O
[3]
(14)
:lim
5x +Tan 2x
sin 3x-Tan x
asx~O
(!.. ]
(15)
.:lim
1-cos 2x
x2
x~O
as
Tan (x/2)
15 . x
sin- as
5
x
2 (x-5)
x-5
Sin 5x as
Tan3x
'
Sin (x-3)
x-3
[3]
x~O
as
x~5
11-1
x~O
as
x~3
15 x 2 cosec 3x cot 5x as
x~O
[1]
[I]
x~1C/2
x~O
11.1
6
[3]
x~oo
as
[OJ
[I]
x~1C/2
as
[2]
x~O
l.l_J
JO
2
x~O
[2]
I EXERCISE (2) I
319
Discuss the limit extistence of each of the followingfun,ctions at the given points:
Vx
(1)
: F(x)= x +
(2)
: F (x)
ys-::;
(3)
: F (x)
-v4-x2-
(4)
: F (x) =
at
(5)
and at x
=1
at x = 1 , at x = 5 , at x
at X =-2, X
=0
[O I 2]
=9
X= 2
[O I 2 I OJ
V5 + 4x-x2 at x =-1 , x = 2 , x = 5
3
: F (x)
=0
=
{
2~- ~
when
x<1
when
X>1
[O I 3 I OJ
atx = 1
I
(6)
(7)
I
I
' Fix!
= {
3
- x + 2 , when
2
x<2
, when
x>2
3-2x
when
x<l
when
x>1
4
-3 x - 5 , when
x<3
(9)
<10>
<11>
I
I
[5]
' F (x) = {
atx = 1
4x-3
(8)
at x = 2
' F (x) = {
={
atx = 3
7--x
3
3
4- -2 x
' Fix!
5
-X
2
when
x>3
when
x<l
when
x~l
3-2x
, when
x<O
3
2x+ 1
when
x>O
' F (x) = {
x 2 -2
, when
' F (x) = {
7- 4x
{1]
when
X<
atx
=1
[~]
atx
=0
[3]
atx
-23
3
X> -
3
2
(12). : F (x) =
3x + 7
:::;
s-l(13). : F
(14). : F
(15). : F
(16). : F
when
2x , when
=L
x >-2
[OJ
{_
, when
-4
, when
{
{
0
()
---~
x
1
(17)
: F
, when
={
ii/
when
-4
(18) . F
'
when
-]
(20).
[1
Fi
I ' F (x)
(21)
-2
I : F(x)
< 5
x-5
= {
when
x >5
~,when
x < 1
4- - x
4
,(22)
when
x2 - !..
when x >
7
: F(x) .= 3 Ix I - x + 5 at x = 0
3
: F (x) = l2x- 3 I + 5 - 2x
at x =
2
: F (x) = Sx - f3 - x I at x = 3
'.: F (x) = 3x + 4 - Ix - 5 I at x = 5
I
(24) I
I
(26) I
(25)
l,
I
(27)
I : F (x) =
x2
(28)
I: F(x)=
(29)
(30)
at x
=0
12x- 31
+ 5
atx
= -2
I :F (x) = ...U.:..1
x
2-
at x
=0
I : F (x)
2x- 3
1x I
x 1x I+
atx
=1
{-]
[5]
[2]
[15]
[19]
[8]
, when
x < 0
x > 0
at x =
!.:.!
+ 3
1x31
4x +
: F (x) =
when
at x
[4]
[4]
=0
[4]
when
<
: F (x) =
atx = 2
{
3 .
7
3 - x Ix - 2 I
(32)
r2-1
4
(31)
=5
(23)
atx
2x2 - 7x + 6 ,
when
>
lx-21
(33)
F (x)
Ix + 3 I
Ix- 5
at x =-3, 0, S
(35).. : F (x)
Tan 5 x
- - - , when x < 0
x
5
- - , when x > 0
x +I
Sin
(36) . . : F(x)=
at x = 0
[4]
atx
=0
[ 5]
atx
=0
[9]
, when x < 0
[-8, -2, BJ
Sin (x -1) 2
(37)1.: F (x)
x - 1
3-2 x
, when x < 1 t
ax= 1
, when x > 1
Tan 7 x
.
, when x < 0
(38) . . : F (x) = sin 4 "
(3 + 4 cos x) I 4 , when x > 0
.
atx=O
[OJ
x;t:3atx=3
(40) . . : F (x)
(41) . . : F (x)
[7/4]
Tan x-5 x
3 x + sin x ' when x < O at x
3 cos x - 4 , when x > 0
=0
atx=n/2
[-11
[1]
n I 2 -x
5 - 2 x, when-1 < x < 2
(42) . . : F (x)
8
when 2 < x < 5
3x+2'
[7,1,-J
at x =-1, 2, 5
17
= 1 4 tan
x
: F (x)
(44) . . : F (x)
[ 16/n, 4, 2]
sin 3 (x- n)
_ _ _ __;_ , when n/2 < x < n
x -n
2 - cos x , when n < x < 2 n
atx=1Tl2,n,2n
l-2 In; 3, 1 J
~I
EXERCISE (3)
F (x)
=x3-
3x 2 + Bx + 5
(2)
(3)
Ii
: F (x)
= Yx-:1
at x =-1
(4)
: F (x)
= Fx
at x
: F (x)
: F (x)
(5)
(6)
=1
at x
=2
[Cont.]
[Cont.]
atx= 0
and
at x
=3
[Cont, Cont.]
and
at x
=5
[Cont, Cont.]
V4-x at x = 5
v9-x2
[Cont.]
at x =-3, at x
=0,
=3,
at x
at x
=4
[Cont, cont, cont, discont]
(7)
I ' F (x) = {
2x
x- 3
4
(8)
'F(x)
={
, when
, when
I
2x2 + Sx-7
I
(9)
' F (x)
={
3x- 3
3
(10)
I ' F (x) = {
'
x3-
8
2x2- x- 6
=3
at x
at x
=1
atx
=2
[Dis Cont.)
atx
=2
[Cont.]
2
3
= -2
when
;ot
[discont.]
when
[Cont.]
=1
[Cont.]
x2
when
=2
, when
;ot
at x
3
;ot
when
, when
;ot
when x :: 3
4x2- 9
2x- 3
x5- 32
(11)
' F (x) = {
x 7 - 128
5
28
when
=2
a
~2x + 1 -3
(12)
x-4
I: F(x) =
whenx 4
1
3
~3x-5
-r;-:;l
x -9
5
12
(14) . . . F(x)=
12
2
3
(18)
I : F (x) =
(19) : F (x) =
[Cont.]
atx=1t
[Dis Cont.]
atx= !!...
[Cont.]
whenx = n
when x Tr/2
when x = Tr/2
3x .
atx= 0
whenx ;1:n
Cos ;
[Dis Cont.]
when x = 0
Cotx
atx= 0
when x 0
'
5
3
[Cont.]
when x = 0
Tan (xi 3J
Sin (xi 5)
= 15mx
n-x
atx=O
whenx;t:O
when x 0
(17) . . . F(x)
[Dis Cont.]
when x = 0
3x
Tan2x
(16) . : F(x) =
atx=3
whenx3
whenx = 3
- sin x
x
7
. 14
(15) 1:F(x)=
[Cont.]
whenx = 4
(13) . . . F(x)=
atx=4
Sin
x T:n x
when x 0
atx=O
[Dis Cont.]
atx=O
[Cont.]
when x = 0
12 (1- ~ou)
(20) . : F(x)=
x
1
'
when x 0
whenx
=0
(325)
Continuity
2
(21)
I : F (x)
I : F (x)
(22)
"
"
, when
when
x > 1
5-2x
when
x <-1
3x + 7
when
when
x < 2
=1
at x =-1
4
x+
, when
when
when
[Dis Cont.]
[Cont.]
at x
x >
=2
= {
7-2x
[Cont.]
~-1
at x
(6-:l-)
I : F (x)
.!_
(24)
at x
I : F (x) = {
(23)
(7- 4x)
[Cont.]
(25)
I : F (x)
3x
" {
(26)
I : F (x) ~
.!__
x <-2
when
~-2
, when
~-1
at x =-2
2
7-Sx
x3
when
at x =-1
when
[Disont.J
[Cont.]
x >-1
x + 3
(27)
.:.. (3:x2- + 4)
F (x) = {
, when
2x
x-1
2x
(2S)
I : F (x)
1-x2
" {
(3x2-- 8)
when
x > 1
when
x !:,-2
when
x >-2
at x
=1
at x
=-2
[Dis Cont.]
[Cont.]
5-2 sin x
(29)
: F(x) =
'
3 cos x
4-3 sin x
(30)
: F(x) =
1(1C 12-x)/cos x
x <0
x~O
atx= 0
[Discont]
x > 1Cl2
at x =1tt2
[Cont]
[3
Continuity
(2x-V 2 + 3
(31)
, when
-2
I : F (x) =
2
-3
-2
x +
atx = 1
'
(7-2x)
: F (x)
'
x-2
atx =2
I '
F (x)
x~3
I
(36> I
(37) I
(38) I
(39) I
(40) I
F (x)
when
2< x < 3
F (x) =
F (x)
F(x) =
I '
x +2
at
3 I + 7 - 2x
Ix -
9 + 4x -
x2 - 2
F (x)
Ix
I3-
21
xI
+ 4
lx-11
at x = 1
I ' F Ix) = {
=0
+ 5
(Cont.
at x =-1
{Cont.
at x
=2
{Cont.
at x
=3
[Cont
at x =-2
[Cont.
when
, when
X #
x
x
when
atx
=2
atx
=1
=2
"#
{Dis
Conl
x-1
5
{Cont.
{Cont.
, when
3
(Cont.j
+ 2I + 5
= { Ix- 21
=2
x~1
when
at x =
3x + 8 - 2 Ix + 1 I
(42)
atx
x< 1
F (x)
F Ix)
x < 2
, when
- -x2-1
- - , w e hn
x -2
(41)
{Discont., Cont.]
~-2
I 2x -
x ~ 2
= {
= I 2x I -
.s
when
2
3x -21xl+ 7 ,
(35)
[Discont., Cont.]
, F<x>
when
5
+ - , when
x-- -lxl
<34> I
1< x < 3
and at x= 3
3
x - 8
3x2-sx-2
={
when
x~3
x2-x+3
(33)
and at x=3
<32>
.s
=1
{Cont
[32fJ
<43> I
<">I
Continuity
F (x)
F (x)
Ix I +
, when
.s
=0
[Cont.]
at x = 0
[Discont.]
at x
lxl
, when
x > 0
, when
;II!
when
=0
when
;II!
x2+3lxl
2x
5
2
(45> 1
(46> 1
<4n I
<48> I
(49)
F (x) =
F (x) =
F (x)
: F (x)
I : F (x)
x2-3x-4
lx-41
at x
, when
lx-31
Ix I- 9
xlx-21-x
+2
when
[Cont]
x ?. 3
x
, when
;II!
2
atx
,
x
when
x = 2
when
x < 1
when
x ?. 1
1- x2
s- 4
[Cont., Cont.]
X=S
at x = 3
3
x7-
at x = 1 [Discont.Cont]
x < 3
21
Ix-
= 4,
x = 4
at x =-3 , at
Ix-SI
x2- 9
when
Ix + 3 I
13-x
at x
=2
[Discont]
=1
[Cont]
Redefine the following functions such that each becomes continuous at the
indicated point:
(50)
I : F (x) =
2x2- x- 3
I : F (x) =
x3-
3
5
[F(-) = - ]
2
12
x=
at
x=1
[F(1)
at
x =-2
[F (-2)
=-14]
at
x = 1
[F(1)
= -1
2
at
=3
[F(3)
4x2- 9
(51)
-32
at
= -1
7
2x2 + 3x- 5
(52)
(53)
(54)
I : F (x) =
I : F (x) =
x7
+ 128
x4 -
16
+!-2
fX -
- F+i
I : F (x) = f2X+3 x-3
-1
6
: F (x)
=I.
(56)
: F (x)
(57)
: F (x)
= Tan (x - 2)
(58)
: F (x)
(59)
:F(x)
(60)
.:F(x)=
(61)
.:F(x)=
[F(O)
atx=O
Sin!..
2
(55)
=!E.2
atx
= Tan 5x
Sin Bx
= 1 - Cos x
xTanx
{;+7 .J
{;"".;2 - 2
~ -l
1-x
[F( !.)
2
(63)
: If F(x)
[F(2) =OJ
atx=O
[F(O) = ~]
atx=O
[F(o)
=.!_]
2
atx=2
[F(2)
=!..]
atx= 1
[F(l)
=.!..j
[./2]
Sin 4x Cot 9x , x ~ 0
=.!_]
atx=2
7
7
(62) :IJF(x)= x 3 -a3 whenx~a,F(a)= 28 ,findthevalueofa.
-
x-2
= l.j
whenx
=0
is continuous at x
1
Tan 3x
(64)
: If
F(x)
=0
Cos x
F(x)
x~O
when x
is continuous at x
(65) ... If
when
x Si: 2x
n - 2x
[!!.. ]
2
when x ~ !.
when x
= !.
2
is continuous at x
(66)
... If
I
x
F(x) =
+bx+ 3
ax + b
is continuous at x
when x < 1
when x
= 1 , F( 1) =7 find values of a , b
{4' 3]
[229)
Continuity
Continuity of a Function on an Interval
Investigate the continuity of each of the following functions on its domain
(1)
(2)
(3)
;
(4)
: F (x)
= x3-
5x
[Cont. in R.]
+ 7x- 9
: F (x) =
[Cont in R- {
: F (x)
2x + 5
: F (x)
}]
(2x-3>2
x - 2x -15
x3 + 2
4
x - 5x2 + 4
(5)
: F (x)
= Sx+~
(6)
: F (x)
V4 -x2
(7)
: F (x)
V6-x+x2
: F (x)
V(x-1)2
: F (x)
y2+1
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
[Cont in]-
oo ,
311
[Cont in Rl
+ 8
[Cont in R- (
~
2
2x - 3
=2 sin x +cos x
: F(x) =i sin 3x
: F(x) =Tanx
: F(x)
in R
[Cont.]
in R
[Cont.]
in R
x +cos x
(13) .:F(x)=
in R
[Cont. in
(14)
: F(x) =
in R
[Cont. in R-2n1t]
(15)
: F(x) =
sm x
sin 2x
I-cos x
I!..5
(8-Jx)
in R.
[Cont.]
in R .
[Cont.]
in R .
[Cont.]
when x 2 1
(16)
when x::; 2
'
: F(x) = 9-2x
2x 2 ~3 , when x > 2
(17)
: F(x) =
13-Jx-x 2
nrtj
when x <i
'
13 -2x + x'
R~
'
when x < 2
when x 2 2
}]
Continuity
<~8>
: F Ix!
7
2
, when
-- x
={
.$
<19>
: F Ix!
<20>
={
x >
when
x < 1
3x 2 + 2
when
x 2:. 1
when
9- 2x
when
: F (x)
when
(22)
I ; F (x) =
3 -
(23)
I : F (x) =
4x + 9 -
(24)
I : F (x) =
:I-
I : F (x) =
(26) I : F (x) =
when
I : F (x) =
2
x -
[Cont.]
on R
[Cont.}
on R
[Cont.]
on R
[Cont.]
on R
[Cont.]
on R
[Cont.]
+ 2
I : F (x)
I)
Ix - 2 I
j 2x - 3j
+8
when
(30)
+ 2
J:j +
={
lxl
5 -
4 +
!.:_I
x
[Discont at x = 2]
on R
Ix - 3 I
(28)
I3 - x I
[Cont.]
(x + 3 Ix
5- -
7 - 3x
= F (x)
On R
on R
Ix
+ 5
I : F (x) =
s. -1
J 2x -
(27)
<29>
(Cont.]
x +3
3x2- 4x
(25)
{Cont.}
2sxs3
1 ~ x < 2
when
= -1
x < 1
On (0, 3]
: F (x) =
OnR.
1- 3x 2
{Discont at x
x-3
x3 +
<21>
OnR.
when
2x-1
x + 3
when
on R.
[Cont.]
on R.
[Cont.]
=0
, when
I
x "'0
s.
when x > 0
in R
(32) . . : F (x)
(33) . . : F (x)
I
t
1 + cos 2 x, - n I 8 s x
tan 2 x
<
- - - , 0 <x_n 18
x
5 x- sin 3 x
x
2
in
Tr
,- 1
8
[cont.]
[cont.]
ln[-n/3,n/3]
(34). . : F (x)
Tr
--
3 sx <0
sx s n I3
when -
4 - 3 cos 2 x , when 0
when 0 s x < 1
when I s x < 2
when 2 sx s 3
3 x2 + 2
5
9-2 x
in[0,3]
[cont.]
2
(35). . : F (x)
when-I sx
3 x + n I2
sin n x
2x
cos ( n x I 3)
when 1
in[-1,3]
(36) . . : F (x)
(37). . : F (x)
+x-6
=2xI 2 xI
3
(38). . : F (x)
= Ix+ 3 j -
(39). . : F (x)
Ix2-x-12 I
on R
[cont.]
on R.
[ Discont at !_ ]
2
(40) . . : F (x)
x lx-2
ax + 7
jx-2
I+
I on R
(x-2) Ix I on R
[cont.]
[cont.]
when x <-1
x + m , when-1 s x < 2
3 x + a , when x ::? 2
,
[2,4]
EXCERCISE (4)
DIFFERENTIABILITY
(4)
F (x)
= ~
F (x)
3x +
F (x)
F (x)
: F (x)
=3
[Not differentiable]
{2'x
at x
=0
[Not differentiable]
30
at x
=1
[Not differentiable]
(x + 2)3
at x :::::-2
[Not differentiable]
when
={
when
x2- 3
: F (x)
x2
={
(9)
: F (x)
when
.s.
, when
(10). : F (x)
={
5-
x2
(12) : F (x)
={
x2 -
!xi
at x
=0
[Not differentiable]
at x
=1
[F' (1) = 5]
.$.
at x
=1
[Not differentiable]
at x
=1
when x > 1
x2
when
x < 2
at x
4x + 11 /
+ 3
(13).
F (x) =
Vx 2 -
(14).
F (x) =
(15).
F (x) =
(16).
F (x)
:::::
(17).
F (x)
:::::
<x~
(18).
F (x)
;;::;
6x + 9
I xi - s
Ix- sl
- 4
when x
at x
=0
at x = 3
at x
Ix - s 1
=2
[F' (2)
= OJ
~ 2
= -5
2
at x = 0
s> Ix- sl
Ix - s 12
= 4]
x < 1
, when
I
3 + 4x-
(11). : f(x)
when x
4x + 7
[F' (2)
={
x2-
=2
x < 1
when x
2x + 3
at x
[Not differentiable]
when x > 0
+ 3x + 4
x2- 2x + 5
=1
when x > 2
5x + 3
at x
:F(x)={
2x + 1
(8)
.s.
, when
3x2 + 1
(7)
when x > 1
4x- 7
: F (x)
.s.
={
5
(6)
at x
3x + 2
(5)
[Not differentiable]
[Not differentiable]
[Not differentiable]
[F' (0)
= OJ
at x
=5
[Not differentiable]
at x
=5
[F' (5) = OJ
at x = 5
[Not differentiable]
[iii)
119>
Differentiability
<20> 1
<21> I
={
' F (x)
={
' F (x)
' F(x)
=1
at x
<23> I
, when x
=0
*2
, when
3x lxl + 8
, when
+ 5
4- x2
, when
x > 0
, when
x < 1
x (x-
and
, when
1)
=0
= OJ
[F' (-0)
at x = 2
[F'(2) = OJ
at x = 0
[F' (0)
= OJ
when 1s;xs;_3
5x- 9
x > 3
=3
x2-- x + 3 , when
' Fix)
at x
+ 7 , when
3x
*0
1x-2r
x-2
Txr
<22>
, when
I , F<x> = {
x < 1
={
[F' (2) = OJ
at x = 1
<24> I
<2s> I
F (x)
'Fix)=
and
lx2-+x-61
' F Ix) =
at x
{F' (1)
=2,
at x
= -3
=1 ,
Not diff.J
, when x < 0
when x
=0
, when x > 0
<26> I
x = 3
1
0
=x
[Notdiff.J
, when x <-1
when - 1 s;. x
, when x > 0
=x
=0
Differentiability
(27)
i ' F (x) = {
x2
+ ax + 9
, when
x < 2
7 - 2x
, when x
=2
(28)
i ' F (x)
3 -
= {
, when
-X
when x > 1
2x
is continuous at x
F (x) at x
=1
(29)
i ' F (x)
x2
+ a
, when
x < 1
= {
F(1) =-1
m - ax
, when x > 1
at x
=1
[a = -2, m =-3, F' (1) = 2J
ax (30)
x2
when
s.
' F (x) , {
x2
is continuous at x
+ bx + 2
when x > 1
when x changes
=1
=1]
13351
Revision of the Fundamental
Rules of Differentiation
EXCERCISE (5)
I. F (x) = J1 x 3 - '21 x 2 + x -5
(3)
.
. F (x)
(4)
2x 5
x7 5
.
4x
. F(x)=---+--.
3
5
7
9
(S)
(6)
. . . F(x)=
, x :rtO
(7)
, x :rtO
(8)
I : F (x) = 4x 2 -
(9)
. . . F(x) = 2 V-44.f7 + 8
-----.
6
= -3x8- 2
- x
4
35
5
+ - x - 39
(10)
, x :rtO
: F (x)
.
(11) . F (x)
6x
= 4 v;
x= 3x ..[;
x -
+~
,x> 0
,x> 0
-2- + 12
x{;
,x> 0
5x
4 ..[;
+..[;
x
,x> 0
Find the derived function F' for each of the following functions
and determine its domain:
. (12) 1:F(x)=
13
7
2x '+ 2
3x + 2
(13)
(14)
(15)
: F(x) =
I,,_
4, + 5
4x-x 2 - 3
: F (x) = x Ix I+ 2
I: F (x) =x
-3 I x I + 8
(16) .:F(x)=xlx-51+2
. whenx <1
onR
. when x 1
. whenx S2 onR
[R]
e!
[R]
, when x > 2
onR
[R]
onR
[R -{OJ]
onR
[R- {5}]
lx +a
bx-3
when x
~1
, whenx> 1
is differentiable at x
l
I
mx
2
-
ax+ 15
a + 9x - x 2
[-2' 2]
when x < 2
, when x
is differentiable at x
ax 2 +bx+ c
7x-c
,
,
[2, 3]
whenx ~2
when x > 2
(1)
.:F(x)=(2x+3)(1-2x+x
(2)
: F(x)
(3)0~1,
(4)
(5)
(1)
. . . F(x)= _ 7 _
2x-3
fx =
LJ
(2)
.:F(x)=
(3)
= 2x- 5
[x=
i]
(4)
.:F(x)=
(5).
(6)
: F (x)
3x-4
: F(x)
: F (x)
[x=2]
2 1-x
x +x +1
[None]
2-x
x -9
(x -3) (2x + 1)
[-.!..,
x (x + 1)
(x-1) (2x-3)
3
[-,
1J
3]
EXCERCISE (6)
Find
(1)
---
---.
2x
:y
= _E_
---
(5)
___
__ ..
x-1
18
(5-2x/
Z 2 - 5Z + 7 ' Z = 2
l x 4- 2 ' fi'nd dx
dy
/r;:
j y =
--(6)
[l]
~3
Z- 3
dy
. dx
[2 (4x + 7)]
I
(4)
3
2
[15x(x-2) (x-3x
+7)]
whereZ=x -Jx +7
: y = Z + 5Z-9 , Z =2x + 1
----(2)
,....5
. :y=L
dy + 9 !!!:...-2x
dx
dt
=o
2
=4 (2x- l) (2x2-2x + 1)
prove that : dy
dx
------
: F(x)
(8)
3
4
: F(x) = (x + 4x + 9)
(9)
.. F(x)
--(10)
. (11)
=(1+2xf;/
: F (x) =
: F(x)
[6(2x.-3) (x~3x+2/ J
=(x2-3x + 2;6
(7)
(2x-3/
I
(3-5x-2x 2 ) 5
[5 (5 + 4x) (3-5x-2x
r'x
2 6
I
2
::;f: -
::;f:
-3]
-1
-1
(13) : F (x)
= ~x 2
+ 2x -3
[(x
2
3
(14) .:F(x)=~(x +x+l)
2
3
(!_
-4
(16) : F(x) =
2
94(3-x-2x ) 5
9 in R-.(1, - 3 }J
2
-3
(17) . . . F(x)=
f-3x (x + 1) T in R]
fx 2 +1
-5
(18) . . . F(x)=
3,/(3 +
[12(x- l) (3 + 2x-x
2x-x 2 ) 2
3 in R- (-1, 3} J
(20) : F(x)
=(x-3) 2 (4-3x) 3
(21) : F(x)
=(2x-l) 4 (x + 1)5
(22) : F(x)
, x:F7
(23)
=( 2x + 3 J8
'X:F-
5
2
, x:FO
: F (x)
5-2x
(24) :F(xJ=<~r
[-(173+6x)(6x+l/ (x-7[ 6]
9
9-x
(25)
: F.(x)
= (1-x)
2
,X:F-
2-3x
(26) .:F(x)=
(27)
: F (x)
5x
(5x-4) 3
4
(1- 2x)
(2x + 3)3
4
,X:F5
3
, x:F--
I: F (x) =x ~x
+5
atx=2
[1313]
(29)
: F (x)
= ~2x + 3
: F(x) =
(30)
x-1
2
+1
vx
[-~]
atx = 3
atx=O
[l]
atx= 1
1l-1
at x =0
[l]
+x +\
1-x + x
(32)
: F (x) =
(33)
(34)
: lfy
(35)
If y = h
(36)
If. Y = (
_ _.;;;;;m.
---
2Z- 1 )
2
+l
z
2
Z= .!....x
3
,
dy
dx
dy
dx
when x
, find dx
dy when x
2t- 1
[36]
=fi
dx
- 1 , Prove that!!!:._
(37) : lfy =x + 1 , z =
--dz
.
If
2t-3
t
+
1
fi"
d
h
if
(38) . x - - - , y = - - , m eac o
--~
=1
[-116]
d when x =0
=r;-;J , find .Z
Vx
[3116]
=2Z
2t- 1
dy
dy =- !...
dx
4
[-270]
when x =-1
_EXERCl~E (7)
If y = f (x) , find
(1) . x2 + y2
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
9
[
y3
.:
.:
+ 6
=
3
-11
(7)
x2 - 3xy - 2y2
=9
x3 - 6xy - 3y 3
=5
(9)
+ 3x2 y + 3x y2 + y3
(10). :
(11)
{Y =
: (a) xn + yn
(14)
(15). :
(16). :
If
+ 3x
6 ,
+
(12). : If
If
n is
(13)
(6)
(8)
for each
dx
EJ
(17)
If (y + 1)
(x-
2;2
dy
;2
9 (y + 1) (
dx
(18)
(19) .
If (4x- yy4
(ii)
(1)
: If
prove tha t:
(x + y) = 1
dy - 4
dx
x
y
+
x
y
If
prove that:
y
a2
dy
dx
prove that:
'
- -
y
x
(a
is constant)
4""
2
3
-X
?.
x- + 7x -12 ,
If y = (3x- 2) 5
(3)
If y =
_!._
[OJ
a4
+ ~ x4
:<5
+ 2 x3 + 7x -15
d4y
-- = 0
dx 4
when
[9720]
f'
Jzn
2
d y
--
dx2
45
[-- 1
8
Find the second deriva tive for each of the following functions
(4)
(5)
F (x)
x 2 - 2x + 3
x2
<rx-rx
1
F (x)
;I!
0
-5
x > 0
[- -
-2
(x + 3)]
- 4
F (x)
(7)
F (x)
= x2
(8)
F (x)
=x
(6)
V(x
+ 2)
4 +
x2)
-3
(x 2 + 2)
[ 2 - 24x2 + 30x4 ]
x2)2
(1 -
4
- (6 +
x2
[ (2x3 + 12x) (4 +
x2J2
(9)
(10) .
(11 ) .
2x + 1
x2
F (x)
F (x)
F (x)
f-l2x- 5 (x + 2)}
;I!
;e -1
x + 1
I/ 2x-
6 (x +
1r41
-5
x >
[3 (2x - 3)
6x
If
F' (x)
(13)
and at which
y = (3x- 2) (2x + 5)
If
d2
d2z
dx2
dx2
I : If
the function:
: F (x)
= { ax-.;
,2
bx
lxl
If
x2
I
(17> I
<16>
=1
xy
12x + 9
when x :S 2
.r lxl
+ C
3
,
=2
when
If x2 y2 = 1
+ y
:J - )
2
prove that :
d y
prove that : d 7
..r
If x y = 1
m , n are constants . in Q+
(18)
dy
y dx2 +(dx)
(19)
(20)
I :
y2
2
d y
dx2
+1=2x.
prove that:
y
If x + 2xy + y = 5
(1 + 2x)
<21>
:J
.!J!__ >2
dx
prove that:
= 4 (1 + 2y)
2x + 1
Ify=--x- 2
prove that:
d1 y _
2
-;;;;.-- - 2-x
<22> 1
prove that:
If 3x4 = 4y3 - 5
3x2
x>2
, prove that:
i3J...
+ 3x ..E._J_
dx2
dx
m
= 10
is differentiable twice at x
<1s>
= x2-
F" (x)
If y ~ 1 + x2
2 d2
(1 + x )
d..r
_!!Jf_
dx
prove that:
dy
+ 3x - - +
dx
=0
=0
m (m + n)
n2 x2
[4, -
3
2
8
,_
f3QJ
<23> I
If
=~
F (x)
, prove that :
x2 + 1
=0
<24> I
If
Y2 - xy = 1
prove that:
2
d y (2y - x) + 2 ( dy
dx2
dx
<2s> I
If 2-+..!L=
<26> I
If
(x-
If y
(1 +
<2s> I
x2J
V1 + x2 )5
2
:;
+ x -
dy
dx
If y = F (Z)
dy
dx
0
d2y
dx2
=0
, prove that :
:# 1
dy + 2y
dx
=o
, prove that :
-25y
d2y dx2 -
<29> I
1l
1
d ; + 4 (xdx-
= (x
3x + 1
y =
<x- 1Y.
<27> I
k2
f-
lfx=t2-1
d2y
dz2
, y
( dz
dx
= t
)2
d2-r,, x
dx2
dy
dz
d2
, find the value of d}
- 4
when t
=2
{~ J
8
<3o> I : If
= (x 2
Prove that
+ 3)
(x -
d2y dz 2 -
1)
= (2x
+ 1) (x + 4)
12x2 + 54x - 30
(4x + 9) 3
at the
:
13451
(16) : F(x)
(17) : F(x)
[n;..4]
(18) : F(x)
=x Tan !!!...
+ 2 Cos ~ at x =3
3
3
[1C]
= -Sin3 2x-
(21) : F(x)
=Cosx 2x
(22) : F(x)
=2x!Tan ~at
x = !!..
2
2
(20)
at x
= !!..
[3]
[OJ
[-4.J
at x = 1C
[21r]
[2-lf]
[1]
x +1
(25) .
.. F(x) =
(26) .
.. F(x)
(27) : F(x)
= !!..
6
Sin 2x atx=
1- Cos x
Cos 3x at x = !!..
1 +Sin x
2
= 1 + Cos 2x
1-Sin 2x
atx= 0
r-51
[1]
tl.. J
2
[4]
r-43 J
... (a)
F(x) = Cos3 x
(2)
1: {a)
(3)
... (a)
F(x) = h-cos x
d
. 2
(Sin x)
dx
(4)
: -
(1)
I .
2x
= ism
'
. .d (S. 2 x C 2 x)
In - - OS dx
2
2
(5)
. -
(6)
(7)
dx
= sln X
= - Sin 4x
dy
dx
=Cos3 x
<s>
<9>
<10>
<~1>
:_ If y = z! + 3Z ~ 7, Z = Sin 3x , Find
<!2>
: If y = (2Z-1) 5
<13> I
(14)
dy = .!_ Sin 4x
dx
2
I : If Y = ../7-3Z
dy = Sec x
dx
dy when x = 1r:/3
dx
: If Y = ../2 (l-Z)
dy =Sin 2x +Cos 2x
dx
dx
[{2]
l-1
dx
(16)
. .:
[JO]
= 1r:/4
[-9]
"
+ ro 2 y- o
t..i.. + 4y-2 = 0
dx2
(19)
I : If y =
x tiy +2 dy +xy=O
QX2
(20)
dx
If y = x Cos x
prove tha.t :
dy
(23) . . :Jfsiny-cos2x+Tan4x=O,find
=n/ 3, y E
ddy
x
0, n/ 2 [.
[ 2]
whenx= n/4
[-6]
(24) . . : Ifsin2y+cos4x=O. Provethat:
-2
dy
dx
)2
sin 2 y -8 cos 4 x
=O
Geometric Application
: Find the points on each of the following curves at which the tangents are parallel to the y-axis:
(i) x =
(ii)
y3 - 3y2
:l--xy + y2
[ (5 / 0) 1 (1, 2))
=3
: Find the points on the curve : y = x2- 2x-3 , at which the tangent to this curve is parallel to the
st. line : 2x-y + 2 = 0
[(2, -3))
at each of which
the tangent to the curve is perpendicular to the straight line x + 9y-2 =0 [(4 , 4/3), (-3, ~ )]
2
= 1+ Zx
at which the
=0
[ (0 , 0) , (-1 , 1) J
= (x +1-)-i.
x+3
at which the
=0
(17)
2x
x-2
(18)
=3 is
[350)
(19)
Geometric Application
(20)
[4x-y-2 =OJ
(21)
I :Find the coordinate equation of each of the tangent and the normal to the curve
y
(22) :
3
= 2x-1
at x
[ 2x +
(23)
I
-
=0, 3y + x + 11 =OJ
=2.
3_]! - 7
=0 ,
3x - 2y - 4
=0]
:Find the coordinate equation of each of the tangent and the normal to the curve y =2x + 1 at y =S
3-x
ly-7x + 9 =0, x + 7y-37 =OJ
(24) :
[ 3x + y - 1
(25)
=0
, x - 3y - 7 = 0]
I :Find the coordinate equation of each of the tangent and the nromal to the curve: x2-3xy-y2- = 3
at the point (1
,-1) .
[5x-y- 6
(26)
y =x I x I + 2x at x =-2 and at x =3
[6x- y + 4 =0, Bx- y- 9 =OJ
(27) :
= 2x
VX
1 at x
= 3.
[ 7x - y - 9 = 0 , x + 7y - 87 = 0]
(28)
:-i
9
at tlte point (2 ,-6), then
1.
find the other point at which the tangent to the curve is parallel to tlie tangent at tlie given point.
Geometric Application
(29)
x
TXT
at x =- 2 , then find the equation of
the tangent at the other point at which the tangent to the curve is parallel to the tangent at the
[x + 4y + 18 =0, 4x- y- 4 =OJ
given paint.
x
, y = (x-2>8 (1-2x) 3
2-3x
,-1 ), then find its coordinate equation.
the point (1
-9
touch each other, and find the equation of their common
tangent.
[ 4x - Y - 5 = 0 J
(33)
-+ x2
tangent to each of the two curves at only one point of their intersection.
[4 {ix-4y-3 =0, 4x + 4 {iy-5
(34)
: Find
{3 =OJ
the equations of the tangents to the curve y =x2- 2x-3 at the points of its intf}'Section with
the x-axis.
[4x-y-12 = 0
(35)
4x + y + 4 =OJ
Y2- 4x + 4y = 12
(36)
=0 , x- 2y + 4 = OJ
I :If the circle : x2 + l- 4x- 6y = 0, intersects the .x-axis at A , and the y-axis at B, otherwise the
origin. Prove that the tangent to the circle at A is parallel to the tangent at B and find the
equation of each.
{2x-3y-8
2
(37) :
Application
two
to the
4x at
intersection
=3.
equation of the
at the
, 3)
to the curve at A
12x
=25]
curve:
(40)
+ 9 = OJ
+ 1 = -0, 4x-
+5
curve: x
: Find
+
constants a , b,
that
y=
b,
common
tiie
'2' 1]
the
(1 '
of the
normal at the
f
x+
=0,x-y
=0]
to the curve:
1 at the
OJ
the
1
OJ
Geometric Application
(48)
[353)
which are parallel to the
=0 , 3x + y + 4 :J'OJ
=0
3y - x + 2
[ 3x + Y
= 5)
(SO)
curve:
5- x
x-2
x+3
= 0)
(52)
I : Find the two equations of the two tangentstfo the curve xy =x + y which are perpendicular to the
st. line 4x-y-6 =O.
(53)
[X
1 +2x
+ 4y : 11
is x- y + 2 = 0 . Find the
+ 4y =9 I
[x-y =OJ
I : If the tangent to the curve: y 2 + 2y- 4x + 4 = 0 at the point A (1 ,-2) intersects the x-axis at B ,
and the normal to this curve at A intersects the x-axis at C, find:
(i) The length of BC
(55)
(ii)
(5, 51
I : If the tangent drawn from the point (1 , - 4) to touch the curve y = x 2(L, M) find the equation of the tangent at A.
3x + 2 at the point A
[5x+y-1=0,3x-y-7""" OJ
(S6[C :Find the surface area of the triangle bounded by the x-axis and the two tangents to the drcle
13541
Find the slope of the tangent to the curve of each of the following
functions at the indicated points :
(1)
(2)
[-TC]
(3) . : F(x)
3
1 +cos x
[-2TC]
[3]
(4)
atx= 0
[-21
(5)
: F(x) = 2x Tan ~
atx = 1Cl2
[2+TC]
Find measure of the angle which the tangent to the curve of each
of the following functions makes with the positive direction of the
x-axis at the indicated points :
(6)
------
(7)_........
: F(x)
_
(8)
: F(x)
= x sin ~
2 at x = 3TC
[135]
---
(9)
[45]
[45]
: Find the equation of the tangent to the curve of the function F(x)= sin x+cos x
[y-x-1 =OJ
(10) : Find the equation of the tangent, and the equation of the normal to the curve
: Find the equations of the tangent and the normal to the curve of the function
F(x)
(12)
=0, 3y + x =OJ
F(x)
cos 2x
I-Sin x
atx=O
[x+y-1=0]
[===R=e=la=t=e=d=T=im=e=R=a=t=e=s=~] )
EXERCISE (10)
(1)
I :If y = x3
+ x , find
when x
=2
cm., and
dx
= 4 cm./sec.
dt
[52 cm./sec.J
(2)
: If Z
= :x?-
dy = 2
dt
(3)
y2 ,
find
dz
dt
when x
= 1 cm, y = 2
cm., and
cm/sec.
dx
dt
=-
1 cm./sec., and
[6 cm./sec.]
:x?-
y2 -
6x - 16
= 0.
3cm/sec. Find the magnitude of its velocity in the direction of the y-axis at the point (6,4).
9
l-- cm/sec]
4
(4)
+V
[45/8 unit/sec.]
Y2
where the rate of change of x with respect to the time equals twice the rate of change of y with
respect to the time.
(6)
[(O I 1) I (0 ,-1)]
A plate in the shape of a square is shrinking by cooling such that it preserves its shape, and its
surface area decreases at the rate 0.3cm 2!min. Calculate the rate of decrease in the length of its
side, when its length equals 15cm .
[0.01 cm/min]
(7)
: A light spot in the shape of a circle is enlarging such that it preserves its shape, and its surface
area increases at the rate 4cm 2/sec. Find the rate at which the length of its radius increases when
its surface area
(8)
=4 1Tcm2
[1/ TT cm/sec]
: A plate in the shape of a rectangle, and its length is twice its breadth. It is shrinking by cooling,
preserving its shape if its length decreases at a rate 0.01 cm/sec when its breadth equals Scm .
Find the rate of decrease of the plate surface area at this instant.
[0.1 cm 2/sec.]
8-_Related Rates
(9)
I :A plate is in the shape of an equilateral triangle. The length of its side decreases by cooling at the
rate of 0.025 cmJsec. Find the rate at which its surface area decreases when the length of its side
[ 2.. {i" cm2 Jsec.J
equals 16cm.
(10)
5.
I : A metallic plate in the shape of a triangle, whose height =half of its base, expands by heating.
Find the length of its base when the rate of increase of its surface area equals 0.05cm2./sec., m
the rate of increase of the length of its base equals 0.01cm./sec.
(11)
[10cm}
I :MA and MB are two perpendicular straight roads meet at M. C is a house on the road MA at a
distance 3kmfrom M.A man is walking on the other road MB tuwards M with velocity 4 2..
2
km/h. Find the rate of change of the distance between the man and the house when the man is
4km distant from M.
(12)
[3.6kmlhl
end on a horizontal ground. If the lower end is sliding with velocity {3m/sec, when it is making
an angle of measure 60 with the wall. Find the velocity of sliding of its upper end on the wall at
this instant.
(13)
[-3mlsecJ
I : A ladder AB of length 150cm, rests with its upper end A against a vertical wall, and with its
lower end B on a horizontal ground. If its lower end B slides away from the wall at the rate
20cmlsec. Find the velocity of sliding of its upper end on the wall, when its lower end B is 90cm
distant from the wall, then find the distance of A from the ground when the speed of A equals
I :A man walks at the rate of 5 km/h. towards the base of a tower of height 60m. At what rate does
the man approach the top of the tower when he is at a distance of 80m. from the base of the tower?
l-4kmJh]
Related Rates
(15)
I : A boy is flying a kite by means of a string. The kite is moving directly away from him on a
horizontal line at a constant height 112m with uniform velocity 6m/sec. How fast must the boy
1"lY out the string when the kite is at a distance of 130m from him.
(16)
{3.05mlsec}
I :A balloon is rising vertically at a rate 30m/min. When it is 120m above a horizontal road, a car is
mooing with velocity 200m/min in a straight path directly beneath it. Find the rate of change of
the distance between the car and the balloon one minute after the car passes under the balloon.
{178mlmin}
(17)
.I : A man 180cm tall is walking with velocity 150cm/sec on a horizontal road tow~rds the street
lamp which is fixed at a height of 480 cm from the ground surface find each of
(i) The rate of change of the length of the man's shadow.
(ii) The rate of change of the distance between the lamp and the man's head, when the man is at a
distance 400cm. from the foot of the lamp.
(18)
{-90,-120 cm/sec}
ship sailed from the same port moving due south with velocity 25km/h. Find the rate of change of
the distance between the two ships at 11.a.m.
(19)
{31 km/h}
(A) heading towards Bat 8 o'clock A.m with velocity Bkm/h. Another boat left (B) towards
~t
at 9 o'clock A.m. with velocity 24km/h. Find the rate of change of the distance between the two
boats at 10.A.m, and show whether the two boats approach each other or get further frdm each
other at this instant.
{Bkm/h}
[358]
(20)
Related Rates
I : AC and BC are two perpendicular paths, AC =90m, BC =70m, A man walks along the path AC
towards C with velocity 6m/sec, while another man walks along BC towards C with velocity
Bm/sec. Prove that the shortest distance between the two men after a time "t" from the instanfof
starting is given by the relation s2 = 100 <t2 - 22t + 130). Hence deduce the rate of change of S
with respect to t , when t
= 8 seconds. Also find the rate of change of the surface area of the
triangle DCH with respect to the time "t" at t = 8 sec. where D, Hare the positions of the two
men after the time t.
(21)
I : ABC is an equilateral triangle, the length of whose side is 8cm. A point (N) moves from B to C
with a velocity 3 cm./sec. If the length AN =y, BN =x. Find y in terms of x, then find the rate of
change of y with resect to the time when x = 3 cm.
(22)
[--cm/sec]
7
I : Two rail ways intersect at an angle of measure 120. A train A moves on one of them with a
velocity 78km./h. towards the point of intersection (M). Find the rate at which it approaches a
station lying on the other rail way and at a distance 4km. from M. when the train is at a distance
of 3.5 km. from M.
(23)
[66 km./h.J
I :A ship started its motion from a port "A" with uniform velocity 18 km/h towards north, and after
2 hours, it
moved in a direction 30 north of east. Find the rate of change of the distance between
the position of the ship and the port "A" after 4 hours from the inistant of starting the motion.
- ---
...I
.~
(24)
l9{ikmlh]
: AB , AC are two intersecting roads enclosing an angle of measure 60. A bicycle moved on the
road AB starting from A with uniform velocity 16km/h.. 15 minutes later another bicycle moved
on the road AC, starting from A with with uniform velocity 20km/h. Find the rate of change of
the distance between the two bicycles 15 minutes after the starting of the second bicycle.
[~km/h]
7
(25)
I :The relation
between the volume of a quantity ofa gas Vin cm3 and its pressure P in gm.wt/arl-
is given by V x P = 800. If the pressure increases at a rate 18 gm. wt/min. Find the rate of change
of the volume when the pressure equals 30 gm.wt/cm2.
E-16 ~ /min]
Related Rates
(26)
I : If the volume of a cube increases at a rate of 3 cm3.!sec. Find:(First) The rate of increase of the length of its side.
(Second) The rate of increase of the surface area of any of its faces when the length of its side
1
becomes 6cm.
(27)
[-cm/sec, 36
cm2/sec]
I : The total surface area of a cube increases at the rate of 24cm 2./sec. Find the rate of increase of the
volume of the cube at the instant when the length of its side equals 12 cm.
(28)
: If the volume of a sphere is V and its radius is rand its surface area is S. Prove that
dv
ds
dt
(29)
= -
r-
, and hence find the rate of increase of tts volume when the surface area increases
at a rate of 12cm2.Jsec. and r =3cm.
[1Scm 3!sec.J
-
dt
layer of ice.
rate of 16cm3Jmin ., find the velocity with which the ice thickness is decreasing when its
thickness= 3cm., and find the rate of decrease of the area of the outer surface of the ice layer at
this instant.
(30)
[-1116
;r1
-4 cm2.lmin.]
a result of thP.
leakage of the gas, the volume of the balloon decreases at a rate of 4 TT cm 3/min, keeping its
spherical shape. Find:(First) The rate of change of the length of the radius of the balloon, when the length of the radius
equals 2cm.
(Second) The rate of change of the length of the radius of the balloon 5 minutes after the gas
[- ..!... cm/min, - ..!... cm/min]
begins to leilk.
(31)
change of the length of the radius at a certain instant is 2cm/sec, and the rate of change of its
volume at this instant is 421Tcm2/sec. find the length of the radius at this instant.
(32)
[ 4{icm]
I : A metallic cuboid of square base, and its 11eight equals three times the length of its base side. If the
cuboid expands such that it preserves its shape, find the rate of increase of the volume of the
cuboid when the length of its base side increases at a rate 2cm/sec, and its tength is 2cm.
[72cm 3Jsec]
f 360
(33)
I Pelated Rates
I :: A hollow sphere expands preserving its spherical shape, and the volume of the materialfomdira
remains constant. Given that its internal radius is increasing at a rate 1.5cm/sec find:
(i) The rate of change of its outer radius, when the length of the inner radius equals Ban, and i
thickness equals 4cm.
(ii) The rate of change of its thickness at the same instant.
(iii) Prove that the rate of change of its outer surface area at the same instant equals
.
.!.3 oft
2
5
cm/sec,-.- cmlse
3
6
C-
___ 1
re
(34) . :
lengths of the two sides of the right angle in a right - angled triangle are 8 6 cm, If the len~
I
of the first side decreases at the rate of 1/l. cm./min., and the second side increases at the rate
1 cm./min.
Find the rate of increase of the surface area of the triangle after two minutes., and the time aft.
which1he increase vanishes.
(35)
A right drcular cylinder of height 24cm, and the length of its base radius is 12cm. Jf the length
:
I
cm/sec. Find tJ
{12071
= 4cm, y = 3a
I
Z =12cm. If x at this instant increases at a rate 1cm/sec, and y increases at a rate T cm/sec~
decreases at a rate 1cm/sec. Show whether the diagonal of this solid decreases or increases at th
instant and calculate this rate.
(3 7)
: A right prism having a square base whose side of length 4cm, and increases at the rate of 2cm/se
The height of the prism is Ban and decreases at the rate of 4cm/sec. At what rate the volume 4
the prism is increasing, and after how many seconds its volume stops increasing.
{64etn 3.Jsec., 2/3se(
Related Rates
. .- .
(38)
-..
A metallic thin lamina in the form of an isosceles triangle whose base of length 12 {3cm expands
by heatinz such that the length of the base remains constant, while each of its legs increases at a
rate 0.15cm/h. Find the rate of increase of tr.e surface area of the lamina, the instant at which the
length of each of the legs of the triangle equals the length of its base.
(39)
[1.Scm2!h]
2-2 cm/sec, find the rate of decreasing of the surface area of the trapezium LBCM when tM
bisects AB.
[1.Scm 2/sec]
a rate
(40)
A ladder AB of length 6.5 meters rests by its end A on a horizontal ground and by one of its
points C on the rim of a vertica! wall of height 2.5 meters. If the end A slides away of the wall at a
rate 2.6m/min find the rate at which the end B descends vertically, when it reaches the rim of the
wall.
(41)
[-
.!.:
13
m/min]
: A boat is moving towards a light house of height 50 meters with uniform velocity. Given that the
light intensity at a point varies inversely as the square of the distance between the point and the
light. Prove that the rate of increase of the light intensity at the boat when it is 50 meters distant
from the light house equals ~ times of its rate when the boat is 100m distant from the light
8
house.
(42)
: A string passes over a smooth pulley fixed at a height 20m above the surface of a horizontal road.
A weight "w" is suspended vertically from one of the ends of the string, a man holds the other
end of the string, and walks on the road away of the pulley with uniform velocity 6m/sec. If the
length of the string equals 45 meters, and the man started motion when he was at a distance 15
m~ters
from the locus of the pulley on the road. Find the rate of ascending of the weight "w" at
this moment.
[3.6m/sec]
: i4 lighted lamp is fixed at the top of a tower 16 meters high. From a point 15 meter away from the
light and at the same height a ball is dropped. How fast is the shadow of the ball moves tawards
[33.6m/sec}
the tower, when the ball is at a height 6m, from the ground.
(44)
: An airplane flies horizontally at a height 2000m. due south with a velocity 150m./sec. It passed
over a car moving with velocity 75 m./sec. due east. Find the rate at which the airplane moves
away from the car after 40 sec.
[160
m./sec.J
To attain superiority
Acquire
B. U .R. Books
Brief Unl.,ersal Re.,lslen Beeks
In
Maths Si Statistics
f"r
Sec"ndar, & Preparat"rg
Stages
[ BERAVIOUR OF FUNCTIONS ))
Increasing and
Decreasing Functions
EXERCISE ( 11)
(1)
(3)
(5)
I : F(x) =2x- 5
I : F (x) = (x + U3
I : F (x) = x3 - 9x2 + 27x + 4.
(2)
(4)
I : F(x) =0
I : F (x) = x3 + 2x + 5
I : F (x)
= 9 - x3 -
x5
(7)
I:
(9)
I : F (x)
F(x) =~
= x
Find the interoRls where eRCh of the followingfunctions is increRsing Rnd the interoRls
where it is decreuing:
(1~0!'!"'"~..... : F (x) =
,,i _
4x + 5
[Dec in 1- - , 21 , Inc in [2 ,- ( 1
(11)
I : F (x)
= 3 + 2x - x2
[Inc in 1- -
(12)
I : F (x)
I : F (x)
[1
= 2x3 - 3,_l + 4
[Inc in 1- -
(13)
, OJ, [1 , -
[,
Dec in (0, 1 }}
= 36x-3x2- 2x3
(Dec in 1- - , -31 , [2 , - [ , Inc in f-3, 21 1
<14> I
F (x) = 3 + 3x +
,_2 - -
x3
[Dec in 1- - ,-1], [3, -
(15)
I :
[,Inc in
l-1, 3 JJ
F (x) = x (3 - xi1
[Inc in 1- - , 1}, [3, - [, Dec in [1, 311
(16)
I : F (x)
= (x- 2) (x + 1)1
[Inc in 1-oo ,-1}, (1, oo [,Dec in
(17)
F (x)
= 2x3-
l-1, 1}}
3x4
[Inc in 1-oo ,
.l. ], [Dec
2
in [ .l.
2
, - (}
I :
4
2
F (x) = x - Bx + 16
(Inc in [-2 , OJ, [ 2 , oo [, Dec in
(19)
I : F (x) = 3V<x -
I : F (x) = 5 -
2], [O , 2J)
2
[Dec in J- oo , lJ , Inc in [1 , oo []
(20)
J- oo , -
(21)
[Inc in [ - (22)
I : F(x) =
4
x+ -
0 , oo []
, 0], Dec in [O , -
JJ
x
fine in J- oo , -2], [ 2, oo [,Dec in [-2, 2J-( 0}]
(23)
(24)
(25)
3x + 1
I : F (x) =
x +2
(lncinJ-oo,-2[
J-2, oo[)
2x
I : F (x) =
x2
I : F (x) = {
+ 1
T1
(x + 3) ,
x2
3-
when
x<1
when
x~l
(26)
I : F (x) ~
x2-
4x , when
x .s. 2
2x- 8
when
>2
[Dec in J-oo, 2J, Inc in [2 ,oo [ J
(27)
I : F (x) = Ix
+ 2I + 5
[Dec in J-oo, -2J, Inc in (-2 ,oo { J
(28)
I : F (x) =
4-
Ix - 1 I
fine in J- oo , lJ, Dec in [1 ,oo [ J
(29)
I : F (x) = I2x- 3 I-
x + 2
[Dec in J- oo ,
(30)
I : F (x) = x2
Ix
~ J, Inc
2
in [
,oo l 1
<31> I
: F (x)
3 + 2x-x2
2x-1
when
x < 2
when
x~2
(Inc in 1- oo , 1 J, [2 , oo { Dec in {1 , 2 ])
F (x)
(32)
x (x - 3
~ , 3])
2
(33)
(34)
: F(x)
(35)
(Inc.)
(inc. in [O, 1i/3], Dec. in [1i/3, rc/2])
(36>
: F (x)
x2 + 2
, when
In 1- oo ' 0 1 , 1-
00
when
0 s x < 3
when
'
2x- 4
'
31
x < 0
[0 ,
{,[3,oo [
00
I : F (x) =
In 1- oo
0J
, when
4
4x-x2
J-
00
21
xsO
when
0<xs2
when
x > 2
[0 ,
00
2,
00
;(38)
I : F (x) =
In]- oo
1]
I-
2 +2x-x2
, when
x s 1
, when
1 < x s 2
2
x 00
6x+ 12,
,
31
when
, [ 3,
00
x > 3
[ , in R
{Inc , mon. Inc, Inc, mon. Inc,]
EXERCISE ( 12)
-Find local maximum or local minimum value for each of the fallowing functions
if an~
exists:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
I
I
I
I
I
: F (x) = (x - 3) 2 + 1
: F (x) =5 + 4x - x 2
: F (x) = (x - 3)3 + 2
: F (x) = (x- 2)4 + 3
: F (x) = V9 - 4x2
[F (3)
[F (2) = 9 max]
[F (O) = 3 max, F (-
I : F (x) =.
m I: F(x) =
<6>
<s>
<9>
I : F(x) =
I : F(x) =
~x
..!_) = 0 =
+ 2
F (
..!_ )
min]
2
[Does not exist]
Vx + 2>2
3-
= 1 min]
[F (2) = 0 min]
[F (-4) = 3 max]
V<4 + x>2
2.x3- 3x2 + 2
(10)
I : F (x)
(11)
I : F (x)
= x 3 - 9x2 + 15x + 10
[F (1)
(12)
I : F (x) =
x (x - 3>2
= 17
+ 2
[F (1)
(lJ)
(14)
I : F (x) =
I : F (x) =
(x - 1) (x- 2)
=6
x 4- 4x3 + 4x2 - 15
(15)
I : F (x) =
x4 + 2x3 - 3x2 - 4x
1
17
)= max]
2
16 .
[F (6)
= 108
min]
13681
<1n I
F(x)
<18> I
F(x)
<19> I
F(x)
<20> I
: F (x)
a1> I
<22> I
<23> I
<24> 1
: F (x)
: F (x)
: F (x)
: F (x)
<2s> I
: F (x)
<26> I
: F (x)
=
=
=
=
4x
[F(2)
x1- + 4
3x1- + Sx + 25
1- x +
{
{
{
{
{
5-2x
, when
x < 0
3x+5
when
x~O
7 + 3x
~-1
8-Sx
, when
.s.
, when x > 1
, when
1- 2x
-(3-x)
5
x + 4
x1-- 2x
=5 min}
[F (-1.)
=4 max}
[F (1)
=3 min}
[F (0) = 5 max]-
.s.
2
[F (2) =-3 min}
x.s.-2
, when x >-2
, when
.s. 0
, when x > 2
, when
[F (0)
when x > 0
, when
2..
==
x <-1
, when x
x 2-4x+1
, when
3-x
5-x 3
= 11
[F (-1)
X2
= { :-2x-x2
=
[F (1)
x + 2
1+x+x1-
= 1 max,F(-2)=-1minJ
[F (-2)
=2 ma}
x <-1
, when x
~-1
an I
: F (x)
= { 3-4r-x2
2x- 4
, when
.s.
, when x > 1
[F (-2)
(28) I
: F (x)
: F (x)
: "'F (x)
8- 12x- 51
l
l
[F ( 2
3x- 2
, when
x < 2
, when
when
19- 3x ,
s.
x < 5
x ~ 5
[F (2) = 4, F (5)
x2 + 3
, when
'
2x- 1
=4
max, each x
when
0 < x < 2
when
+ 2
Ix I
F (x)
= x2
Ix - 51
I 0 , 2 [ is max or min]
= 2 min]
= 0 min, F (2.5) =6.25 max]
[F (2)
F (x)
~o
= .!_ x2
) = 8 max}
[F (5)
Ix - 31
[F (O) = 0 min, F (2) = 4 max, F (3) = 0 min]
(36)
F (x)
F (x)
=
=
F (x)
'Vx
3
{;
V8 -
4x
(x - 7)
x2
(38)
(39)
: F(x)
(40)
>=
4x-Tan x
=- 3 {i min]
[F (7) = 0 min , F (1) =36 max}
= 0, F (2) = 4 max. and F (2{2) =0 , F (-~) =- 4 min.}
[F (2)
[F (-2{2>
in J-TC/2 , 1C/2[
[F(TC/4) =
in [ 0 , TC/2]
[F(TC/3)
f2
Max]
Max]
in [0, TC]
(42)
2
F (x) = x + ax + b has a critical point at x = 2 , and F (2)
[a=-4, b=5,min]
F (x) =ax + .!:.._ , has a critical point at x = 3 , and F (3) = 2 , then determine the type of the
point (3, 2), w~ther it is point of local maximum or local minimum.
(43)
[a =!:...
3
, b =3, min]
: Find the values of a, b, c, d given that the curve of the function y =ax3 + b; + ex+ d passes
through the origin and it has a critical point at x = 2 , and a local minimum value = F (4) , and
the equation of the tangent to this curve at x = 1 is 9x-y + 7 =0
[a
=1 , b =- 9 , c = 24 , d = OJ
EXERCISE (13)
Find the absolute maximum and the absolute minimum values for each of the following
!E_nctions in the indicated interval:
(1 )
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
:
:
(6)
F (x)
= x2
+ 6x in [-5 ,-1]
F (x)
= x2
+ 4x + 3 in [1 , 3]
F (x)
=3-
F (x)
= x3 -
F (x)
= 2x3 -
Sx -
x2
in [-4 3]
37
, Max =- 21]
4
[Max=
12x in [-3, 3]
OJ
F (x)
= x3-
3x - 24x + 50 in [-3 , SJ
[Min =-30, Max= 78]
( 7)
4
: F (x) = x -
Bx
zzx2- 24x
12 in E-4,
[Min
(8)
(9)
(10)
: F
1
: F (x) = x + : F (x)
(11 ) : F(x) =
F (x)
x-f
?
x~
xZ+l
(x + 2)2
= 2x
2
: F (x)
, 3]
in [-3 , 6)
in [-1 ,3]
V,...9---X2-- in
(13) : F(x) =
(14)
+8
[Min=0,Max=4]
in [-6, 1]
.
1
m [ -
= 3, Max= 1228]
[Min
10
=2, Max= J
[Min =-
[Min
(x - 4y2
[0, 3]
[Min = 0, Max = 9]
in [0, 9]
. =- 1, Max= -1 1
[M m
in
H, 8]
[Min
(15)
: F (x)
(16)
: F (x-) =
j x - 2 -1
x + 1
=x 3
in [O, 5]
3- 2x + 1 j in [-3, 2)
[Min =-1, M ax = 2]
[Min =-2, Max= 3]
137 2 I
(17)
I : F (x)
15 - 3x
8 + 4x
(18)
, when
I : F (xi = {
6x + 8
3- 2x
(19)
W : F (x) =
{
(20)
I : F (x)
{
- 7x + 10 ,
(21)
F (x)
2x
(22)
F (x)
Ix
Ix I
> 4
Applications of Maxima
and Minima
EXERCISE (14)
: The sum of two posiHve integers is 12. Find the two numbers if their product is large as possible.
(6, 6}
: Prove that the sum of any positive real number and its reciprocal is at least 2.
: The product of two positive numbers is 16. Find the two numbers if the sum of one of them and
the square of the other is minimum.
(2, Bl
: x and y are two quantities related by the equation x + y =10. Find the maximum value of x3y2(3456}
: A wire of length 15cm. is to be divided into two portions, such that the sum of the square of the
first and four times the cube of the other is a minimum value. Find the length of each portion.
(1.5, 13.5}
: Find a point on the curve y2- =2x + 1 if the distance between it and the point (3,0) has a minimum
value.
: Two columns of heights 30 and 40 feet, and 80 feet apart are situated on a horizontal plane. Find
the point on the line joining their bases such that the sum of the squares of the distances from it
to each of the tops of the columns is minimum.
[The
mid point}
: From a point (A) a body started motion from rest with uniform accelera.Hon one cm/sec?. At the
I
same instant another body started motion with uniform velocity 4cm/sec from a point B which is
60cm distant from A to join
~he
first body. When will the distance between the two bodies be
(4 sec, 52 cm}
'13751
[50, 50 cm]
I : Find the maximum surface area of a rectangular garden with one side adjacent to a wall and the
other three sides are fenced by a wire of length 60m .
(17)
: The point M
= (x, y) moves on the straight line whose equaHon is y =3 (8-x) in the coordinates
plane where x > 0 , y > 0 . If the point A is the orthogonal projection of M on the x-axis and the
point Bis the orthogonal projection of Mon the y-axis and Sis the surface area of the rectangle
OAMB (0 is the origin point). Find S in terms of x , then find value of x when the value of S is
maximum.
(18)
[x=4]
I :A thin wire of length 200cm, is bent to form a rectangle ABCD, such that the wire passes twice
over each side except the side AB, the wire passes along it once., Find
m~imum
rectangle.
(19)
area of this
[2500/3cm
I :The perimeter of a drcular sector equals 48cm. Find the length of its radius, when its area as large
as possible.
(20)
[12cm]
: A piece of wire of length 60cm is divided into two portions, each one being bent to form a
rectangle, its length is twice its breadth. If the length of one of the two portions is x, find the sum
of the two surface areas of the two. rectangles in terms of x , hence find the dimensions of these
rectangles when the sum of the two areas is minimum.
(21)
[5f10]
I :A wire of length 64cm, is cut into two portions, the first is bent to form a square, and the second
to form a drcle find the length of each portion,
the circle is minimum.
1r +4
64
1r
1r
+4]
2..x
:===;::~"'===='
x
:x.
'J
[1.2, ~ (6- Tr
20
: A lamina in the shape of a rectangle ending by two semi-circles, the diameter of each equals the
breadth of the rectangle. If the perimeter of the lamina must be equal 100 7T cm. Find the
maximum surface area of the lamina.
[2500 7T cm2J
: A poster is to be made of a rectangular plate of perimeter 800cm such that a margin of width 30cm
is left adjacent to the lower side of the plate and 3 margins each of width 20cm is left adjacent to
each of the other 3 sides of the plate. Find the dimensions of the plate which maximize the surface
area of the poster.
[205, 195cm]
: A rectangular garden whose surface area is 10 sq. meters is to be boardened by a flagstone walk on
each of two apposite sides of the rectangle is one meter width, while the width of the walk on each
of the two other sides of the rectangle is 160cm. Find the dimensions of the garden which
minimize the surface area of the needed land.
[4,2.5m]
= 10cm, and
- at D, and AC at H. DO is drawn
AC= 30cm, DH is drawn paralleled to BC, and meeting AB
perpendicular to BC, meeting it at 0 . Prove that the maximum surface area of the rectangle.
DOCH equals 75cm 2.
: ABC is an equilateral triangle, the length of whose side equals 24cm. A rectangle is drawn in side
this triangle such that its vertices lie on the sides of the triangle. Find the lengths of the
rectangle's sides when its surface area is maximum.
(12,6
{i cm]
area
can
drawn inside an
vertices
on
, 0 is the
curve
be
6)}
on the curve
inside the
is
area
AB,
this
15m
: A box is to be made of a rectangular plate of card of length 21cm, and breadth 16m, lJy cutting
equal squares of each corner of the plate, and turning up its sides. Find the volume of the largest
box, that can be made lJy this way.
: A rectangular parallelepiped box has a square base. The sum of the height of the box and the
perimeter of its base equals 90cm. Find the dimensions of this box if its volume is to be maximum.
[15 , 15 I 30 ems.]
: A rectangular parallelepiped box without a lid is to be made of a metallic lamina of surface area
54 sq. inches, such that the length of its base is twice its breadth. Find the dimensions of this box
[3 , 6 , 2 inches]
: A rectangular parallelepiped box has a square base, the length of whose side is x/
t.
It is
required to strengthen the edges of its faces lJy fixing a metallic ribbon around its twelve edges.
If
the total length of the ribbons needed is 30 ft. Find the dimensions of the box when its volume is
maximum.
: A cylindncal vessel without a lid is to be made of a metallic lamina of surface area 462cm2. Find
the length of its base radius when its capacity is maximum ( 1T =
22
7
[7cm]
: A right circular cylinder, closed at both ends is to be made of a thin metallic lamina of surface area
36 n inches. Find the length of its height, and the length of its radius when its volume is
maximum.
: A producer sells a kind of his products at 20 piasters per unit. When he wanted to raise the price
of the unit by x piasters. he found that, the number of units to be sold will drop to (30 - 2x). If the
cost price of the unit from this product is 11 piasters, show that his profit in this case is
P = (270 + 12x - 2x'2) piasters then find value of x which will make his profit maximum and the
sold number of units.
[3P.T, 24 units]
: If a book shop sells 100 copies of a certain book its profit will be 120 piasteres per each, and if the
copies sold exceed 100 books, the profit per each decreases by
2..
piastrefor every extra copy sold.
2
---...-..-
: A man in a boat, 14 metres from the nearest point A on the straight shore, wishes to go to a point
B.
60 metres down the shore from A. He can land any where on the shore between A, B, and
walks the rest of the way. He can row with velocity 30 meters/minute and walks with velocity 40
meters/minute. Where should he land in order to reach B in the least lime.
(58)
: The cost of the fuel consumption of a locomotive is proportional to the square of its speed. The cost
of the fuel consumption is 25 pounds per hour when the speed is 25km/h. There is also an
additional cost 100 pounds per hour regardless of the locomotive speed. Find the speed of the
locomotive which minimizes the total cost of one kilometer.
[50kmlh]
in]-
[1,
Convexity
(15)
<16> I
: F (x)
F (x)
= x2
=
3I
Ix -
[Downwards in] 2
x + 1
x2 + 3
[Upwards in] -
oo ,
1] , ] 3 ,
oo
oo ,
-1] , [1 ,
oo [,
), (1 , -
Inf.]
Find the points of local minima and maxima and the points of inflection for each of the
following functions:
(17)
I : F (x) = 2x3 -
11
(18)
F (x)
=x
- ux2 + 84
[(-2{3, 60) , (2
(19)
F (x)
= (x2 -
9)
{3,- 60) Min, (0, 84) Max, (-2, 4), (2, 4) Inf.]
F (x)
5
x -
27
, - - ) Min, (1,-1), (2, 0) Inf.]
16
Sx - 1
[(1,- 5) M in,
(22).
F (x)
y
(24)
6x
x2 + 3
(23)
Inf.]
F (x) = x (x - 2) 3
[( _
(21 )
f{J, 36)
= x3-
6x2 + x -2
: If the curve : y = x 3 + ax2 + bx has an inflection point at (1 ,-3), find the values of a , b.
[-3 ,-11
: Determine the curve y = ax3 + bx2 + ex + d w11ich passes through the point (0 , 4) , and has
an inflection point at (-1 , 2) , and a horizontal tangent at this point.
{y :::: '.?_~,3
+ 6x1- + 6x + 4]
Convexity
(31)
I : If
F' (a)= 1,
F" (a-)> 0,
Determine which of the following curves satisfies these four conditions at x =a giving reason .
F (x)
<33> I :
F (x)
= 3x-x3
= x3 - 3x2
<34> I :
<3s> I :
(36> I :
F (x)
F (x)
<37> I
F (x)
(38).
F (x)
=
= 2- x (x - 3)2
= (2- x) (x + V 2
= ax3 + bx2 + ex
F (x)
+ 4
- x3-x2
3
3
x - 6x2 + 9x + 2
F (1) =-12 is a local minimum value indicating, the intervals in which the curve is convex
upwards or downwards and the point of inflection.
[upwards in 1-
00
[, (-
~, 1.!_) inflection]
((
INTEGRATION
))
EXERCISE (16)
J 5x4
(3)
(5)
J zx-3
(7)
dx
!__
7
dx
dx
(2)
: J 2Bx13
(4)
:f
-dx12
(6)
:J
14x-8
(11).:
(13).:
dx
1
2 dt
-t3-
(8)
:J
(10).
:J
(12).
:f
(14).
:f
-3
(9)
dx
3 dx
J {X
dx
J rx
x2
(15). :
(16). :
x2 (5x2 - Bx + 3) dx
(17). :
x1
(18). :
(4x
(19). :
3
x T (3
(20). :
(21). :
(22>
<3
(23)
(5
+ 23 - x 2 + 1) dx
Yx +
SxT) dx
-2
xT) dx
+ x
{X
dx
2
+ - )dx
{X
/x )
dx
~x
5
!.._3
3
7x2
Yx2
dx
dx
3 dx
dx
{X
Integration
(24)
I : J (3x- 5)
(25)
I : f <sx2 + 3)2
(26)
I: J x
(27)
I :/
(3x - V
(28)
I: /
(x-2) (x + 1) (3x- 2) dx
(29)
I :/
(3x + 1) (x - 1)2 dx
(30)
I: I
<31>
I :I
<32>
I :/
(33>
I :/
<34>
(36)
: /
dx
<x2
+ x - 3) dx
(2x2 + 3>2- 9
x
sx3 +
dx
21
dx
2x + 3
x5 -
3x3 + 2x2 - 9
dx
x2
(2x + 1) (3 - 2x)
dx
x4
~
i2
x
(x -
3x (x +
(1
fx
I :/ ~
(37>
dx
(3-2x>2
I : I sx2
(35)
(x + 1) dx
>2
dx
dx
-1
(x T + x T
>2
dx
1
+ -1 ) (1 + x - -
x2-
<38>
I :/
(2x + 1) (x - 3)
<39>
I :/
<x2- 3>2
<4o>
I :/
{X
x
(1
dx
dx
{i
+ x) (1
dx
+{XY-
2 {X
dx
(388)
Integration
(2Xl- x - 3) (2x + 3)
-------dx
(x + 1)
(41>
<42> I
:I
(43)
J (3x + 2f
dx
(45>
12
(47> :
(49)
IX<x-v
:.;=;
dx
+1
13 <9 - sx>
ttx
dx
J (1- 2xfJ
(46)
(48)
(2x- 3)3
8
>
3 <7 -
(44)
(5o>
dx
(51>
1 :I
<3 - 2x>5
1 :I
ttx
(52)
I :J
+ 4xr3 dx
(7
24dx
(5 + 4x>7
vsx- 4
(53)
I :I
(55>
(5 -
x)
-3
dx
<54->-1-
dx
(56)
dx
15 V<4- 3x)3 dx
-5
dx
:I
:I
x5
v<3~
<7 +
st
5
2->
x
ttx
5
(57)
I :J
-
<-s"""""9>_i,..:
~6--1)-.!!!!!!'-
x 10 ( J_ _ ]_ >5
dx
x2
V(3x +
(3x + 1)
1)
dx
(58)
I :J
<60>
1 :I
(4x2- 4x +
11
'V<2x- 3)5
4x2-
dx
dx
12x + 9
5 (2x- 3) dx
4x-
3v
V7- ~
(63)
I :I
(65)
I :J
(67)
(69)
(2x- 1) (x-1) 7
dx
dx
dx
Fl+ F
(x +
1)
<66>
1 :I
<68> I
dx
dx
:I
<64>
<10>
:I
1 :f
V<x2 -
~
>2
x
+ 4 dx
(x + 5) dx
(x + 2>3
(x- 1)
dx
F3
(2x + s>FJ
dx
.13891
InteKral of simgle trioKonometric functions :
Find the following integrals:
(1)
(2)
(3)
: f 2 Cos 2x dx
(4)
(5)
(6)
: JSin (3x + 2) dx
(7)
(8)
:f
(9)
(10)
: J4 (x + Cos 2x) dx
(11)
3
(12) : J Cos 3x (3 sec 3x- sec 3x) dx
(13)
(14)
: JSin x cos x dx
(16)
... f
sm x dx
1 +cos x
(18)
...J(J-2sin 2 x)dx
(20)
. f ../J + cos x
(17) : J Tan. x dx
2
(19) : J 2 cos x dx
: J (2 Sin x-5sec x) dx
2
2 (Cos
x + sin
. 2
dx
~ ) dx
Integration
I : Given
( 1)
=3x2-
10x - 7 ,
and
=- 24
when x
ly
= x3 -
[y
= 2x3- 2x2
Find y in terms of x.
( 2)
I :If y = J
(x3 + x2-
= 10 when x = 1.
x2- 2x
6x)
Find y interms of x
=2
dx , and y
-5~
( 4)
:IJF'(x)= x
(x
C5)l:Iff'(x)=
I :If J
-1>2 ,
= 0,
F(l)
[ !_}
Find F (2{ij
=J
dx
1)
[6}
FindF(3)-F(-1)
x2
when x =2
= 6x2-
[(3y + 2)4
(. 7)
I :If ~~
Z
( 8)
= 4 - 3x
= x4 -
x2 + 3x- 6]
x+
2
3
<x3
= .!...
[y
4/3
+ 3x + 7}
=2
when x
Find y interms of x
( 6)
sx2 - 7x + 21
( 3)
= 2.
:;
= 5-
4y , and y
=0
, Z
= 12
when x
=1
12x-1 - 2
prove that
8x2 + 17x + 2.
i- :If ~
=
~
V2x + 3
~ = 64y2
~
, and Z
25
3
8
I- :If 4
dr
6x2- 5
.: If F" (x)
~
=-3 , y = 2 ,
dx
=8
= 1.
= 2.
[21
-~
y'3x2 - 6
= 445
when x
Find y
F (2)
= F (x)
26
3
[F (x) =
(11)
dy
: If
5-6x
2y
:::;:;;;-, y = 2
when
=1 .
+- V
(3x -
2f - 3x2 + 10]
[y2- = 2 +
(12)
:
_
_........
If dx
Sx -
Jx2.
(13)
..
zr
<fr
= 2x + .!...
2
x , find
2
{y = x
x
2
..,.tan - +
8
J
EXERCISE ( 17)
(1)
Some Applications of
Integration
I :Find the equation of the curve which passes through the origin point, and the slope of the tangent
to it at any point (x, y) is m = 3x2- 4x + 1 .
(2)
x3- 2x2 + xJ
: Find the equation of the curve which passes through the point (-2, 8) and the slope of the tangent
[y =
(x + 2)
[y =
2x--3x2
x3 + 2x2- 4xJ
3x-2
x3
this curve given that it passes through the point (1 ,-2), and find the equation of the tangent at
this point.
(5)
x2y
dy
: If the slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) on it is dx
equation of this curve given that it passes through the point (1 ,-2) , then find the equation of the
normal to this curve at this point.
[y
(-6-)- ......... : The slope of the normal to a curve at any point (x, y) on it is - { ; , and this curve passes
3x + 1
through the point (1 , 4) prove that the equation of this curve is: y2 = 4x (1 + x) 2
(7)
: Find the equation of the curve which passes through the point ( 1 , -2) and the
slope of the tangent to this curve at any point (x , y) is
m = 37C cos 7Cx-27Csin nx .
ly=~
(392)
(8)
Applications of Integration
I : Find the equation of the curve which passes through the point A (1 , 5) , and the slope of the
4
, x :F _!_, then find
tangent to the curve at any point (x, y) is dy =
dx
1-4x+4x2
2
the other point at which the tangent is parallel to the tangent at A and find its equation.
[y =2 (1- 2xF1 + 7 (O 9) 4x-y + 9 =OJ
I
(9)
J (y + 4) dy = J
(3 -x) dx
. Find this equation gievn that it passes through the origin point,
then find the equation of the tangent to this curve at the point (3 ,
1) on
cx2 +
(10)
it.
Y2- 6x +By= 0
y-1 = OJ
I :If the slqje of the normal to a curve at any point (x, y) on it equals V2x + 5. Find the equation of
ihis curve given that it passes through the point (2 , 3) , then find the equation of the tangent at
this point.
(11)
ly = 6-
: Find the equation of the curve which passes through the point (1 , 2), and the slope of the tangent
3-y
cx2 +
Y2 + 4x- 6x + 3 = 0
Ip=
(1 I 2) + f (1 I 3)J
(12). : Find the equation of the curve which passes through the point (1 , 1) , and the slope of the tangent
4
3 3 ".f2x- 1
Min]
2
9
:The slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) on it equals
> , and the straight line
x+3
2x-y + 1 =0 touches it. Find the equation of this curve.
[2y =x 2-6x + 27J
<x!'-
(13)
(14)
I : The slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) on it is <x2- 2x-3), and this curve
intersects a portion of length 3 units of they - axis. Find the equationof this curve. Then graph it
indicating the points of local maxima, and minima, and the points of inflection. if any exists.
[y= -
1
3
x3-x2-3x+3J
Applications of Integration
dm
(15). : The slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) on it is m, and - = 6x + 12, where m =
0 , when x
=-
dx
1 . Find the equation of this curve given that it passes through the point (1 , 1),
then discuss its convexity, and find the point of inflection if it exists.
[y =x 3 + 6:x:2 + 9x-15, f-2, -17) inflection]
(16)
dz
: At any point (x, y) of the curve y = F (x) . It is found that _]/_ = 2 (3x + 5) find the equation of
.....-...---.
dx2
this curve, given that the slope of the tangent to the curve at the point of its intersection with the
y-axis equals (-2), and it passes through the point (-1 , 4).
[y
(17)
=x3 + 5x2-2x-2J
2
: If the rate of change of the slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) is d y = 2 (3x-5)
dx2
given that this curve passes through the points (1 , 5) , (2 ,-3) , Find the equation of the curve .
Cy =x3- 5x2 + 91
2
(18)
(19)
: If y is a function of x, dy
dx
equals 5.
3
(20)
dy = 6x2- 30x + 36 .
dx
Find the equation of this curve if y =28 is a local maximum value of y, then find local minimum
fy
value of y.
(21)
: The slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) on it is proportional to the square of the
abscissa (x - coordinate) of this point. Find the equation of this curve given that the straight line
2x-y + 1 =0 is a tangent to the curve at the point with x =1.
(22)
[y =
=3x2-
dx
the point (1 , 2) is an inflection point to the curve. Find its equation.
ax , a is constant and
[y = x3 - J:x:2 + 4]
[394)
(23)
Applications of Integration
I :Find the equation of the curve y =F (x), if this curve has a local minimum at the point (2 ,-151,
and d2y
dx1-
=4 (3x2- 6x + 2), then find the other points of local maxima or minima
[y
(24)
(25)
:J
[y
=x3-3x + 2;
I :Find the equation of the curve which passes through the origin point given that:
(a) The slope of the tangent to it at any point (x,
y)
(26)
ds
the plate immediately before heating given that S = 152cm2 when t = 15 minutes,.
(27)
[132m 2J
I :A swimming pool is to be emptied of water. The rate of change of the volume of water "v" in i
with respect to the time Nt" is given by dv =6 (3t-50) m3Jminute, and given that the volume j
dt
water is 400 cubic meters after 10 minutes from the instant of starting emptying. Find th
volume of water at the instant of starting emptying, and the total time taken to complete th
emptying.
[2500 m 3,
16 minute~
THE FULL
SOLUTIONS
OF
D.&I. CALCULUS
13961
DIFFERENTIAL AND
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
I
I
frirtt ::4w.
-------=-=======:::!..-- - - - - - 1 V X~3
EXERCISE ( 1)
Q) ::2xS-5X1t-1-1x2+4 = 14
t +9 =
,r,;-'\ = -2. -
1 +3
\.!!.)
fi\.::: ~ WoJ
\_V .x_,. D_?Cx-+ Z)
;;:: o + 1/c.no
=_!5!_
:::: 5'
+
:::::
f ::: 1
'Z.
<:>
{;\=Li..
\!!.,)
.::::
~)(;x-?}
X-'>-,3
-3+5" :::
-.:::r:::r
.!:.. __ 1
-lb -
=6
~ [Pc~J]Cfx+z/--(X-t'l)+tJ;:::_.L
X~-3
(13\
(~)(:X-3)
l;,.(i/X-3)({i+4J
(VX-3) (6+3)
'..::,)
r;7',
\:::!)
=L,;_.
:x~o
=rf-t-4
::::
?if-f3
.1.
G
T -t I)
I +I
a,
:])ck "1> /, 1~
X--2:. &-Fol.) ::: &- z.xi.+x :t<. ::::: 8' +2-t 2 :lZ,,, f
:::t:-7'12:~'2 x1:.+'l...:X-t1..
~-+4-tl Id 5
@ -
- .X-?-
1lll
:X
ft+X-tX,_- '-f
+I
CX-+IJ[~,_+"2.]
@ :::L
2-}-
~ + 2.
yZ-fx-p(L -'2- X
I
V4-;:x-tx"'- +2.
x{~}
:;;::
@ : : /;..,
-f
r 7f
Vzx:i.S-~ x ~+6+4
v2;Jc+) + vx+4
(X-'J)(X-3)
s:;Hf>CrJ;+;t.-rx-z+<-
:::.
V:X+ /
x (X-IJ-t ~
(:r-f}
+ Vx-t I
=~ :x<x-3fx-1J+w1I~(x-3J[{..t-1)+fX-HJ
~-'>3 (X-{) -{X+f) ';_.,3
A:':(x-3)
~3 C<r-t>+v:x+1 J ::: 2+2=4
_9.. ::::0
@ = lr-':i ={I; =2
G):::: ~-r CV)~ ;::~X ~:: i
= la.-.o +Sac o
XCl-3J <;t:-1) -
_ I
J 11'+vr -z.vr
VZH -t ~
t"u- 1 --+ t:x+4
- ?..(3-fl)
.:: 12
EXERCISE ( 2 )
10
~
2,:.\'.~o JA..2..X
::! L.:...
3 /.;_
a!; ~
~3)t
+ J.. I
_J.. __,_J.
- z
-r
-.i
3 -6
.:::: 3
1.!
=.
12
A,, (3/X)
3/x...,o 3/x.
S .:X-tO /!i.:..5x
.::;
X?O
3 Xi
3x
=.gxlx3x1xfxt =
13 =Li-~ + L..:.... .S.... hi.Ji.Ja-1:x.
x ,o Q..6..1..X
:it-_, o .S:.:,.'2..'X .?'--'>o S.:.. 2.::><=2. ~ E-- -t 't .I,,;... 0..:... '1x.x..l L,;_ 2.X
4...faJ =.2
(j) f0J=4-f= S-,f(f-1-i=S .. :X.-">/
2
@Hf)=/-2=~ ,ff.f)=7-6=/.-.ltl,/f~
;x...,.o .so..iJC
:r~o <'f;;t..
2. X-i'O~
- 11.i,.., /a.-.]X
l<J.
x~o
(f..:- 5
+ 2 ~o
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z~
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=(5+2)~('3-1)=1~2. =t
x7 o
rie\flo)=(l;
~
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Wf(-/J=
- 3 =3, f(-IJ ::3-o=3.:.li...fcxJ=
~v
-1
"""%'
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-=2-1::::1
X-'!>'l..
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z.+z, - 4 '
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t
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(I)
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1
xi_ f
f,;;\fl~>={-3x-x+5
.1.
J..
= J...x.1(,/-;
7
=!;...
'?-
:X-?f
= '-4.x.
J.X-.X +) :2X+S-
f(o-):::$-(J:S 1 Ffo+)=o+.>=5
.J.,
7
.1.
1
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1X>0
.-.k-hx.J
X-'70
=5
- - l 1JC - 3 + ?'-2.X
::: 2
J .::x: > 1
+
2
f <.f..J = 8-1.txlz =z,P<./J =2 .:..x-;~
k-Pc~J =2
vf
=2x+'1
X.::$'.5
>S
. F <51 = Zo-1 =1'1, f.Cfb -=lo +'1=11 .. U-fc~J = l'f
3X+J( -(.:X.-S)
J ::ic
:x....,.s
EXERCIS E ( 3)
4.t x:::. -
7T/.f :
~ (-Tl~ -t; ~ 4 L
4t-x
"-~-Tilt :x
='o<.-1 :
-'Ttt
u,
7t
Afx=o:
f(o-) .: 4 Ii..,.~
~'ti
?t
= "' "
p. 'X.-'>o
(X)
=~
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Af-.X;
@f(
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@ f(4J :-13
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'l'--.lfl
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="
a.f x
v:v
=:.Ji-
.&-+3
~){Jt+J)(fiX-;+r;+i)
.:a:...,.3
('3X-5)-(:x+tJ
2
_ I
.:t.~3 r;t.-)J(::t.+3)(6i=S'+G+i):: 6(Y7f+r7i'J -1z
-~
114
?ft>f CVHf.
4f .X.:: 3
~ 7:x./(1~) =14 XI
X_,.O
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2-X->O
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z
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x ..., 0
= 3 Li-. .s..:.. 3 ~1
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M f-cJJ:{-z:i<-:>t-_,.2 =2-3:X.
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-ix
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2
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+
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2.
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c.A
~
f<x.J
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(:X-t3)
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='i
X> :>
--
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:. F ~
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f
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: ( fiM,. 211) /
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14051
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fc:tJ:
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+ 'f.J<. -fl.X-4
,,.
F<:xJ
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3x-/{) 1
ix -: .
r:;::;..
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ol
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t ~
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:. dz
t:l.ci -- "''J
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di . 7fi
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~
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d J<._ (2t-0(2J-(zt-3)(z J
4
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7F (2f-l)'I.
r/9 _ (2 1"-l )(IJ- ( /:+ 1) (2)
i1F ''~
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(2t-1)'1
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d-x_ -- 1'"1
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11=1! -
1iF
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EXERCISE ( 7)
=-n-, CD
f3 j :z.
cl. CJ _ I/ff = J.l.il_ _ JJfl.
' (5 - Yl+f
Y~/3 - 2.J'IJ
, ""'k.,.
ch
:X=
dz.
= "({;.. Xa;:
0
0
2Jl -+ 2 !I
3)t."L_3y' g
\ '
::.3 ...
~ =-
4l : : - 'V
:x 'J-;.
2
=3,2 ~.. p:':t'J ~
,. 5J:I :3X =:'1'1
3
6Y
'lfi 0~
<tt =,25.- x~ =25:.- = 3 ~' = l l
~
~
'J)C.
2 'J
Z-K.
2r+
" dJ (Y-
't)
2.X+Z.!J
:X.
7.
Z.'J~ -6-B~
= 3-x
1! :2.x~ +'/J<.2.
) JW,Q.I,. iJ,.;-z.
2.X-l:X~
:. 2X-3'J
;;c7:..j~:/ .~,1"-t:'J'1/..
?.
@)
x2x3
.:
~ =0
-YX3
-4Y~
= <'
3.%1:.. 6:icf!-!JX6
:Ody
~ 2
... ?i(x.'- i'JJ =3~ ci.x +37 --ax= ~; ;2
-'f!ld!.2
+'
f(X);:;:;/SX4(3X-7:)X3,
<it}
1413
COJV<)
= - 2.4...~ ~ :it.=.-.S:..:..-1.tx.:-Rf.IS.
,.
~t <=-if~ "l..X
z:-
SA.~?..x. +
=~"):.(/+
=S..U...-i;x..
Pz =
,..:::: .f';
14...'l..:>cJ .
(~ct.x.) r:::.iel+:.c
~;
:z::.S.:.....17:::.o
c:
,~
3 ~ 3.X. ,
c.vk....
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d!. c~xiJ:=3X(-3)=-'!
-=/t>(Z.-1)
:::.f<.H,S.
'Z.,:.. .S.#ll:x_
/.l
CU"> t.X
t A' 3 to._
22:-t- 3 )
= <>r3 =3
'f
fl
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@ ~ == llz'Xt(l-2J!--1J =- ~(1--z_)t,'
@ 'he= -x .s.;..')C.
+((fl)(
-(:X.l<nX..+ ~)-..x..
(6.i.
.
J c -~ CO'>)C..-2.~X
~k~ = -(-x5..i...x. +c.tnx)-2G:nx..
= X.S...:x - 3ccnx
.: J'I-:::
"
414
@-
EXE R CISE ( 9 !
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\:_,; (o.J
,,
"""=FrzJ
=2
:.
:.
,
f
.J.
-3
(0.)
ca.J
,.
Fr.xJ =
:i.
2
3X -
2~
3 113 x V3
.1.1..x - S ..
'2.
:. f{ XJ :::-:X (X- 2 )
= Z:X-:X:
,,
( C)
"'
F(X)
=-=..!_2
(2)(.- /)
.....
. f( I): i;.X-3X
.. & = o/5.
.:x.=2
=13 5
.. '1=4-4-3=-3
'l.
='I :.:x -
- 12
-3
=o
"!f::/:{4)
~:,)
'2.
.X=.:".<.
(;;;\F~.xJ =
-(X-Z)
e~ .: .1ty?._ z.i2+'I; 3
::ic
::; j
.: /iz,y,!I
(b) ..
..
c2J =-I
= -1
.. t9 = 1 3 5
:>e=i .-. ;r<Z .-. J.x-2)::
"'lWUK
. ~ ZX-Z-:::. 2.
=.1.
/
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11
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=o oR
=(-1, f)
( d)
3x (j) Foo:::
2
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'Z.
'l
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. ~ _ 3::;30..+2-b ..
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P'4 "{i../ie,, . 4'\t. II =<3,oJ,8=(-1,oJ, :.fJ~/;ef.;..luu.. . """- (0,-:,-1,(3,sJlwl 'l = -6
e/~f,WC. ~~"tX
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4:1.1
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f.!Z""' u; :. .x = f.! t ..A;;;;
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A (AABC.J =-txs-x '2. =S .St-4'4"-L ~t;
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X'1.
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11
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ct.u.
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(iii;\
v fl.
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t:J'l #'r>'1 UJ .. tf = 2. ~ 6 ..pt.. tj lii..~':!I .r.u..
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== lf ,((-/)
=- 4
.-.J>~rfr,,_~'-':I ~ (t-)-'t J
Ct:.ll 7TX2.
2. '
'l.
+~
\2.)
=o
1-o
= -1 (x-o)
EXERCI SE ( 10)
011 = J.x.?..~
'f-tJ
-'( , e_
'l..
-~ +1'1 =3'
'f /v'_~~ ~
_f_
= 1-c =t
Cf.
$!t29_
/-f;...,D
-.S:...o
= 1.(:;i:.-o)
,,. 1 ,
~ ;><. =0 .UC.. y =
=o
-z..~(1-~:x.) CO">'Z.X-CcrJX..
fs
~X ~X
.-..m:F(tJ):::Cm(J
-- z.tj+'6
--Jf. ~ 'L
)
@ F<x;== (!~~) (-a~-z.xJ-Ccn'ZX(-cmx
(/- s.;....-x.)'=
>
.iA .,
'1+ 4
=135
FOlJ ='r.5..t.c?.if-<.J;J-2.~~
:. m
J+-z..:x..:::: 0
A.~
(2.)
(j)
.(.~.
=-2..(:x-2-)
'1+4 =---'U+tr
llJ ..
g = (1./8-3).X.-j= 1,r
(xt/J+ y
-x"
uf "~ An..tultA
1:u. ::x~a
2
..fl:z:x .-.!Jf:::-4>rf/;. :JtXSX-fJ.()o5
:: -od ,,,.,.;z./MC. t-~-/111.14 cUou44U Jo.tr-;,,,.,
'J'L=::1c''"+t:t
..
llJ
.. Z'J(/.. :,Z.x ~ -- .
UI/., :><.=.If :.
F4,,..,.. fZ.J.-. 5
(Z)
'-/-=ZS.. =:J
'JI:::: l;X
=16 ...
1IF + zy1f
@lC't.+,Yz.
.-. Z"x
6l .,,. 2
12+ 'it :/6 :. 9 2 , F""""
:. Z
m/,U.C
..IJ""'1 :x:
FJt..- (I)
c;;!.'f(I
F _....
Jy
"iflF '"-""(ff
. ;x.. :::::;
1'j
'
~'\ ,1::,
@!lz
?LY{!
~..
36oo
--
-,::>t~
. ':11.= lbt:Ulf}
F'-~(V
':/
/DO
df
. (")
.
"""
._ ..
...V
11
f: ""-
/~\
V : X1 .. df
dY -- 3.X2.J.x
.
, d
(If 3-3X311 ~
\__,/ ... C{f
dx --- 36
.L .....
r.-J'..--..
.. ,. . ' 'j -- -,..,..'-... df
ef.'I. :.: .,... ..l<. (ff
d.x.
. 2o)
TI
'l../,
G.,..; :ML .
@ FcxJ = 2.(x-2.)
@ FW=
- - ' - ;x.
CiiiJIn]1.,~ [ : fO.J>o :.
l.!:!...J
f{X)
f((2-::ic)(z+:x),
c:r."l.+ "J-a.
(..Xi.+ 4; "l.
::o af ;JC= 2 of? X =-2, . f(:2-) >o, (z+) <.o
. F(Z)::::: 1
F<XJ:::
~"'
s-"Z- ,:x<o
V
fcxJ =l 3 , :x >o 'At ::t::::.o:
J,i... f(o+hJ-f{cJ= J,.;...
h-"<>h
/t~0-
;,.;,,.
}1~0-+
f{o+hJ-f(o)
ii
'
=t:..
34+5'-5 =3 .-.Ro>.i.d
h...,c+
h
,,,
.-
a.ttfr.~J : . (o,,-;.;,, a.
: . f(o) 5 ,,VJ a L nth.
5'-2.h-5" ::-2
C.p. ,._.f(trJ<o,flo~>o
vk
(075}iA4
.. (0,5).;;,, 4 L. ?YI~.
,x<S
'x>:r
),;, ,a,,.dc~tl
:.Jfi,,
L.,.,;.,. /d:
<~.c-3.JC(Z-X):::::o
o,
-.f<o~:::
;X.
f I
F < =o .t.:. a. l. .,,u.... vtt.fu.,
F<IJ
ua.L.--u:..vk
o,
~ L "'111' ~
.4.Q"l'LC' .....
>o,F (o+J>o
L. ~.
I 427 '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..--~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~
,:{<-u:J.<o
:r
W::t=
: ffZJ=t l='9+2a.+b
\2.tt+h=-3- .. (3),
f(Z):::o
--<A ..
,,
-'-"'
a. ="; :.
'Z.
,,.
:.
fw =1~34+zb+'"'"~
2) -(I) .-.
F.n""' ll 1 :.
"
: -1 cR
x:. 11 ml;1[-{,-3]
f10\
Fm= -Gx+2J<x-4J
=a _._4. ;,c-; - 2
~
(~Z+8)'Z.
/:(-2) :::- .L , Ff-VJ =..L
.l.t
8
ef!x =4,
, F(-3)=- !L 1 F(6)=2-
1':1
C429J
~~~~----~~-------~-....---------~-~-~-~
/()_ 4:x.
...,1.,,.,, 2 4 - 6:x = o
9-
. S(4 ) -< 0
@ '"fh.. pn"fil"'(
tm.1..
-UAJi.f:::
~-
50
f1{x-/()o) + ~~~o J
:::J/(:x l.1so :. + 'Sdo~'-r 300~- 'lx~l35'o "--4'r 1.;11
.. p = (:r-so)
=o
.~.
@P=/l.it. X xz + /doy x I
.a 'Zoo:x+101x
32.-8)'
.~ 2.oo= '" 0
..(5"-x)-z.:::.4 :.5-:x=.z
(5 -xj'Z.
-:12-24
oR :x= 71/:uj-u:ulJ :. 'J= ~ 2..
=4
:. /oox = 300 > /4D'I ~oo
:. "=3
@ f: ~;,.,.,.efvi 1~1-'-
:/QO)!.
)J4tJ. x
'- ~ =
2.X+y ;:::; 60
'j::::.:60-~
7#/~;//#fiJ:ff
I
..
.-.11_ ~ 6 o -4.x, di.4 .,!~ ~
../1=%'J=X{66-2X)
.f1:.::6trx. - z.xl-
,,,.;it., /tJ1.i-U:::4.y:r:Jo
:. x = 4, ;5(X) ::::: -6
."..${4).i,.,"Wla,;,1..
. 11 (20ir-i}:;;:
xzo
::::.i((J()
em 1
2-'}
+ 7TY=: /otJJr
:. >"= ::ro
-S(AALo) -S
.. s
2.80::::
f/1tm"
,11=
S{X)
...
:X.'j
= 'l:x.-x. 3
J
a"4 ,
':"/6-~
@ V - (/6-2.x) (
V( =336*'=1"" :x + 4 3
Vt.xJ =3 3 6 -1.1/ B :x. +12.x , Vu ..,,,~. -i-- __ -~ ;;;
..AIU:it.,=zx(t8-:Jt.z_
= C'l, - 'iz. )
.x7:..1t)
...
X2.:'
;.
.%=fl'
'1.
:>.
{J)
'Z,
,,,.
1-4..
1.
:it -
1'+- - - -~~
~I
I
~I
'
I h
I
\"'
'
~l
~ l/<xJ:::o
::x.+
=o
" (X - 3)( 3X-2 l) =o ".X= 3 '/o,...f x-::U114L-.}
2.
I.
:X)
2.7-
'3
21-Z:X.)..
;JC
F'l'l_,
=3&fl
CIJ :. V(JJ
= 3(1'-
6 )(21-t)
=l./StJ
'3
'i"'
ewi
30 - 2X
/0
.S=.x~=:JC(3{J-2:X. }
~20
l/J
. x=L.S:'""'
.S-:::
'F,,_
CI J
2. 2. 5'
'2!.j_Jf.
IS'=
O~i=-~
2.0
':!
?,;
15'-?<.H
i-- l o-4
'2..
~ =JI 2..S ~
e.
EXERCISE ( 15 )
@F(xJ= x/.+1~1
Ff.X.J
FfxJ 1
tx-f
.#ttf
'?
,t,;_.J
'4r-" .:JC=o, F<XJ::o o.l".x.='t
4.>tr
.#../ pf.
'
tfi:\ "
~
3
41<'
3
't
~fj,"J= 5":1C-21J.x , Ffx):z.o:;r. -6oJt=2oJC..,_(x- 3)
FfxJ
= o at x
=o ,;c. =a
.h""'"J'M".4...J-~o)
4'
,..
ciiJhl]o 1 3(: FotJ< o " " "' "'fW"- C.o,3]
ri\ft~J=b~-3.:;c.,_ 1 F<~J=6-6x,Foo=oo.f:x=J .. a/-;tC.=o ~-'"'--ofd "f~
~
~
~
(iJ 1'n J-oo, 1[: Ftx J >o .. 7Aa ~ ~ cnw6']I. (iiiJ:Z.,, J3,-(: FC.'4J>o 7Ac..uuwc'4c1111. d111'1..;...(3J_[,
dV111nJ11..h 1-oo, I J (1i'J I'?'I ] l,A:>[ : f(XJ < O :. 7IU.
F( 3) =-IS'/ .. ( 3 ,-15'/) "4 a.. "'"/ pt.
ewwt- .U ~ ~ .4.... [ I, t11:> L ) F(I) = 2..
: . (I, 'Z.)
.i4
a...
"-I-
pf.
f( IJ= -{ .. (I,
1; J
.i<I a..
;,_l pl:
Q(t,
~; ...31: -J=l++b ~ 4.+h=-4 ~ W 1
F<xJ=J;c.1:,..z.o.x + h, For.J = 6:x. + za.' F%J=o
@)FtX):Jt.x(.:x.~'f} =~.x(X+3)(.X-J),
f{)(.J=o a.t"
.:X
=0
FtoJ='81
..,,.
of' .X =- 3
R-JJ
::o
-:;;
f(-3)>o
.~(-3,o)...0
o.L-~.pl-.
OR
HJJ
.,,,.
=3
=o
... a,
.. (o,BIJu
FlJJ>o
.-.c3,oJ.io
~~~_,......_,......~_,......_,......~~_,......_,......~~~~-----.~_,......~~_,......~~~~~-~~~'~35)_
(C) ~ .X.><L 1 J4 CLllM>f-.i.o c,.,,~ "f-"'Alld,,-4.#.
= -3
-3 ....(3), F~0PfCt.J-(IJ
f(O.T) <o
.-. 10. +3b-+ c = - '1 _.... C.lfJ, F/1,.. <3 J-<4J
CJ) Af' ..:x.=a. ~ -" a.. ~/- ff.
5'1L+b 1 (5), F< 2.J=o .: /Zo. +i.b =O
.. h::: -60., ,:-,,,_(SJ.'. 5'4- ,._ :.j .: Q:-J .. b:6,
Y-= ~(f3-#-X)('3+:x)'
f"l,_ (3J -12 +z"t + c =-3 :. c=-151 Fn,,., (IJ.~t/::15
f=o oJ :x.=o ,x=-t"J,
Slot- ~ f"a,..J- of
.: /Z.4+./fb+C:
fl .. 7.G_ et.VWK..f...fe44.l.C./(,
-Ch "-o,y..U a.f co,o>,<-llJ,o),
(fJ,oJ1FOCJ= 3Cl~xJO-.xJ,
X.:
r.;;\ .....
1.
+b-+C+d=-/ .. {I)
( 2.z-2): 14+.lfb +Z..t; + <1=-z. . (2)
Fn,_ (~J-<.IJ 1-A +3b+c =-I ... OJ,
S'fu '1 ~ at c2,-2J =f. . . . frz; =- '3
.. /2.4 +It& +c.. =-3 ('fJ, F4ft,, <itJ-(3)
!?'
:. 50.+b=-2 .... (5), F(l)=o ... ,o.+z.h=o
.-. "=-3Cl .~ 5A-3'1:-z :.a,;_( .. h=3 1
f"IP' {J) . -1 +'f+C-=-/ :. C=-31t_..U):.d:O
'3
:i.
'2.
.\/.fa. ~ .u ~ = -x +3;c.-3 X. 1 Fr~J=-3%+'1<-3
:-J(:x.\.1~+ I) :-3(x-l)'l.~o .\F-'4 tW:.. i.... 1?
01-/):
@A.z;:3;c.."+z.b;c.+c , hJ():,4.)C-+2b
(-/zlo): -4-tb-c+r/ :IO ... Cl),
(1J_-:J?J: z.1a+foI +3C+ d =-u. - (~)
f(.;1.J=o
~
a.t x=-1,.:>:=1
,,,.
@FtoJ =4 .. lM.. ~ .
.4.,,filuu' A If-~
"t (o 1 JiJ
,fotJ=3;)C.(:JC--z.)
x.
=o a.t";c=o,JC=Z,
?
F(xJ=6<X-I} :Fro><o,
f(oJ=it :. ( 01.lf).UaL .,,,4"!-f/. ,
(-11/0),i,,a.C.P. :.F(... f)=o . 34-z..b..+C=o - <it . FtZJ>o1f(2)::0 :;,<2,oJ.U,,al.-4.r. pt. ,
(3,-nJ..i.oc:&Cp ...f(3J=-oz74+'b+c.=o -<S: F~.XJ=o oJ-.JC.=1, F(n<o 1 f(ff')>o,F(l)=2
F 1'1>" C.3)-<'t) . 4a +i/h =--8 "A+b =-'2. - ('J .. ( 11 Z) .i4
.4.(. pl". '(31 4J . o.. tUld. pf.
""
F'-1CfM
b=-3
P'"'
y
. a-JA.::.-2 .-. tJ.:f .
"(.i..~~
1 F"l(lll>f(l./J..c=-'1,
f.'z"""UJ
..d::5
'J=x'-3.x.'L-'fx+5
~.:x-4jUOtlAA..(o,oJ,(3
1 o),
,2
~
+
,
.,,
-~ F'Jl.r= 'JJ. - 6'. -f 1 F(:X)= 6.;c-,,.: F(-1)-<o
Fx>=x0c-z J ,F<XJ=U.t.-1),
:.(-/7 /f>) .UaJ.. .,...,,,. pt 1 -: F(3)>0.. (3,-22J L. .,.....i...., Ft;o =o o.t-:x=o z.X=2. 1
fcx>=o a.tx=1
(o,o).Uai..7114?1-.p.f'.,
\2,-?t,
CiJ:J?I J-.,, I(: 'f<.xJ-<.o ..lla U111C1"&.io(qM."f'ti1.~,1] (2.,-i).;.,. o L.,...;... p.f. '
,
(iiJl?tJ l100C.: fc;tJ>o .~7M.~ ":-C#tlM<fW".4.. [/Jao[ 1 FtitJ =o a.f x=t .~ Cl,- }J .U A.t ~ pl. ,
f{l}:-6
:. (J,_,),"41&.t~.p,f.
'i
: FCX) <
~
0
...
""
c. Cl
lo]
~,
r;,_ -
~(o,z).u ~ f~'1-.
-1.h. 'l-""114
-;.
F<.JCJ=~cx-i.,
,:,)(..) ="
'."/
411fM
U1Gl
Fc~J='JUl-1}(>-J),
.,
al- x =t ,:;c 3 .
: F(l)<o , FllJ=' ..ct, 'JV,)
~
AL-"' p.t.
, .... F<3o
""''"pf.
.-U~J-~,
<?
(-2,~
(2.10> ,
Y-~
,,,.
<o,2J ,
FC7'J =3(/-;]l:)(/+:x),
pt.
1438~)~~~~~~~~~~~~-:--~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/:,,h
17.../
l)l-nza.lv6 4'Mlf-
/.. __~
hi_
'-! r::
= 3.s.;..,.x +c
CD1 =-2.t'~-5~.:x+C
3CCl,).X.
= 2..x f
--f(:x"Y-zx""'-+l)=.:X-UC
~
~
-j -f
+.x
(};\"'
\..:YF<XJ=:x
r -z.x-.L
-..S:
:. FCX.J::: J_(x
3 +x J)
.l :.z.
3
-..!:
= 2..X:-2,l(t...X '+<-i:):x '+C
-'
u.x.
J.. i.
:.Fo.J =i.xi.-1..xt'--f)(~+c.,.-.fl1J= o
=SC... zx.+c
... o = t - 1-~+c. .-. c =.It
c) =-2x-cef) (?T/z. - x/t..)+c=2.le/JW/1-:rh>tC Fc:x):-J:x1:.3.x-t-i_x ~J +.It
@=
4- rz.rr-5.xJ+c
... F(2.f'i) =f.x8-3ti"-i-xw+"'=-t+~=~
s.e... z.x +c
-i
=--fct:l'J(.3.x.+2.J +c
0 := .+x-:f ~'IX+
4xf t:'.O?J.;x.+C
4-:X: +
+
(})Fc~J=f3(Z:r.+J)f.rlx
2.~ZX-
=3.xfxzczx+3}+c.
.... F{J) =3( 3)-tC ='l+c.., Fl-IJ=J+c:.F{JJ.-R-IJ=h
C..
+c
'J.
3 ~
; j(3 - ~c."l.p_)cfx
=3:X.-f fa...3Xf'C
J
1 =Ji s..:... vc d)L =i x-f C8l vc.+ c.
@=J(~"L..::x:. +<.en'L:x. + 2- S....:...::x 7<-) d~
=f ( !+ S.:.. Vt.) d7e. =:x:- i een z..;x. -t c
13 = ('f.X.-z._Sl..Cx)dx = 3:l-ta.,,.:x:+c
.:g
CO')
/- C('I) 2._x
@ = j I
C(;f) :>t-
=:X-+fS.:... ?..X+<
@= J (1+2-Cir:li.lX/zJ-I dx
= fif ICU"I ll dx =fix.it~~I +c.
:=:- 2 V2:' &:.;,., ~ + (_
y:J<3:;x.1:...JOX.-:/)J:x :.
-$-"';_1X-+C,
'J:-2.4
.;it.:.'Z.. -ll/= 8-20-11.J+C
a.t
:.c =a.
"-
8
... :z:.=
-yxw czx+-3) "t..
:. z=-f<z..c+J/"+ 2. :. BZ.= 'fl+-JJ"!,_16
~c"
L.U
2,:Z
-'-'1=&
:z...x. -S.x ..J:.f(z.f-s.x.Jd.Jc
4
.-. 'J:
-{)C..'+Ct :. 2.=i-{-+C.2.. ..C.r.:l,t
JAt~i.
I
.~ 'J = z::.x.-i:;i: +4 1 ~ :x =~;
... 'J tk '" - h 'f + ~ = 2.
f..L
(f;;\ ft)(,=
'l1
.L
.~. F<.x.J
f2\y
=f:x.""1J(x-?,.J
d)(. =JI'<x+3) Jx
0
:X()l(.-'2.)
.l. !.
:. ''L= 5".x.-3.x.l+i.
.-. .it=~-3+
c .. C:i.
@. y=f(3-Z..S:...ZJt)d~=lx+2.Xf Cr.132X+c,
'/= 5 ~:>L=O :. 5.:::o +l+c:.. C.:: 'f
:. '/=3:X+Cd>t.:X.-+J..r
_.J.
J.
@Y==~~fx2/4.i~+c..,f"+1==~~~.'.f+c @f<J'J=-fu+~J~.Jjf-Ox+s) ~
_.._ 'fr::J+C-".C. =3 ..,=xt:+fA..~+~
- - - - - - -- - -- - - - - --
EXERCIS E ( 17 )
3=-tf".+ c
.t:~.
Y-3 =--f<:x.-2)
x+3Y-ll=o
.,,.
.,,.
440
4t3- a.:
4='
f<zJ < o
(3,L) J. JM.J...,,.;,..
L.,,,._pt.,-.~FCJ>>o
,_t.1 Y=f<'x":..3~3,)JJL
.. o= z7a.-6b+'l(/J
f(X.)=0 a.t.X=-'2.. 0 =.-/ZtJ.+2b
.. b=64 ' f?(hn lJJ 2.fQ.-360..+'1 = 0 ::.a.=i
.... h =6 x I= 6 .. F<'.XJ= 3x1:+1z:x +'I
~ ':J=f{3:JC.~IZ.JC.+'f)th. =.:x.3+u'l-+'l:x.+C,
lb.~
a..tl4bJ
.IM":f'
.-.. 'J = 2J' 1-tS.;.;z.+3'X+ c., Y= Z.'io.t .x=z :.c ... o 'J=:x.3+6:JC.1..+'l:x.
=tx\t
=:
,x . .
..C.:"
@
fc)(J =f ~ <Jxi.._ 6..v:+z) d.JL
... J
'I.
....
.11""
=0
:;c.I ...
F,,_
+ .. c
f,o (331S+22s)+c
:.
.". S
=<> + I 32
= 1.3 2
..,,. 2.
y :::f,t.31"-51J)dl'
-'.
v = 'It"':... 300 t
: V= 4f>o a.f
.. c
=as-oo
+c 1
f= io .. 41>0 =-f'IJIJ-3ooo+c
+ ZS'40
..w~ V= o .-.
-c".e. ( 3t-s-oJ"
=o
3L- -SO =o
2Sd0
?ff
s series
in mathematics
Secondary Stage
Problems Book for Third Secondary
Examinations Book for Third Secondary
Statistics Book for Third Secondary
Problems & Examinations Book for Second Secondary
Problems & Examinations Book for Rrst Secondary
Preparatory Stage
Problems Book for Third Preparatory
Problems Book for Second Preparatory
Problems Book for Rrst Preparatory
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