Lalunio, Xyzer Corpuz

201011158

Community Planning and Development

TTh 3:30-5:00pm CS403b

Community Planning- Planning carried out with the active participation of the end
users. Similarly community architecture, community design and so on. (Community
Planning Handbook, 2000)
What is community planning?
It is a method that enables to prepare materials on the development of different areas of
public life at the level of a municipality or a region and that strongly supports the
principles of representative democracy. What is typical of the method is an emphasis
on:
the involvement of all stakeholders in a given area
dialogue and negotiations
achieving a result that is adopted and supported by the majority of stakeholders.
Basic Principles of Community Planning

Involvement of local community.

It is necessary to look for various methods and forms of addressing and
involving local community in this process. Community planning works best if all
parties are committed to it. An offer for involvement must be comprehensible
(e.g. according to the place of residence, life style, interests, social status or
ethnicity). No one must be excluded or discriminated.
Whenever there are changes, such as new development or
redevelopment in existing communities, the citizens in the community has the
right to be informed of the changes that are going to be implemented. The
response of the community, either positive or negative, are important in the
planning process. On the other hand, local plans should consider and address
the impacts of neighboring communities land uses, planned uses, goals and
objectives.
All sections in the community should be involved. People of different ages,
gender, backgrounds and cultures almost invariably have different perspectives.
Use all available media to let people know what you are doing and how
they can get involved. There are different methods to disseminate the information
to the community. Community newspapers or broadsheets in particular are
invaluable. Community newspapers and, increasingly, websites are invaluable.
Information provision is a vital element of all participatory activities.

Partnership of all stakeholders.

Accept different agendas
Identification of new human and financial resources
Working with information.
The process of developing a community plan is as important as a final document
Building upon existing and well-proven collaboration.

A compromise between whishes and possibilities.

Accept limitations
Accept varied commitment
Agree rules and boundaries
Build local capacity
Focus on existing interests
Flexibility
Human Scale
Involve all sections of the community
Mixture of Methods
Maintain Momentum
Plan for the Local Context
Quality not Quantity

Definitions:
Community Architect
Architect who lives and work in the neighborhood he or she is designing for and works
closely with local people. Also known as a barefoot architect.
Consensus Design Approach
is an approach by which an organizations stakeholders reach complete
agreement on a solution through a collaborative, cooperative and inclusive decisionmaking process that encourages and supports equal participation by all group
members.
Aimed at creating a completely transparent environment where all concerns are brought
forward and discussed, consensus-based planning brings group members together in
brainstorming sessions, information gathering sessions, design charrettes, and
sustainability charrettes to provide a basis for achieving a successful solution.
Participatory Planning
Participatory planning is a set of processes through which diverse groups and
interests engage together in reaching for a consensus on a plan and its implementation.
Participatory planning can be initiated by any of the parties and the forms it will take and
the timetables are likely to be negotiated and agreed amongst participants. The process
is rooted in the recognition that society is pluralist and there are legitimate conflicts of
interest that have to be addressed by the application of consensus-building methods.
Participatory planning is culturally aware and sensitive to differences in power, and
seeks to ensure that these do not pre-determine outcomes. The different parties need to
exchange information to explore areas of common ground and compromise and to find
ways of reducing the extent and intensity of disagreements. No party should lose out
entirely.

Patterns of Community Planning

SUBURBIA- It is actually a layout that is fairly indicative of developments in the 1960s
and '70s. Instead of following a grid, like earlier suburbs did, the streets are curved. But
unlike later suburbs, where the cul-de-sac predominates, the streets are interconnected
and have only the occasional cul-de-sac.
MULTIFAMILY ISLAND- In the middle of this aerial shot of Bloomington, Indiana, is a
multifamily housing development made up of about a dozen apartment buildings.
Typical of much of the suburban landscape, the development is segregated from
everything that surrounds it, such as the retail on the left. Residents must drive to it via
one of two access roads. Note the recreation center with a pool that serves the
apartment buildings, as well as the enormous amount of surface parking.
GREENFIELD HOUSING- One of the most criticized aspects of sprawl is how land
previously used for forests and agriculture is developed for housing and roads. This
view of Columbus, Ohio, shows some houses that are pushed to the edge (for the time
being), probably serving homeowners that can't afford houses closer to urban or other
commercial cores. One way to tell this is the "end of the line" is the fact the power lines
don't extend to the right.
RADIATING SPRAWL- The community has a number of radial "pods" with retail centers,
a strip mall in this case. This pod features two types of houses detached on the left
and semidetached on the right as well as different landscapes to go along with them.
I'm guessing the semidetached houses with grass predate the detached houses with
xeriscaping, given today's preference for single-family houses and the water problems
the desert Southwest has to deal with.
CUL-DE-SAC SEGREGATION- This line illustrates how the houses on either side are
sequestered from each other by the way the developments are cut up and the roads are
laid. A person visiting somebody in the house directly behind them has to drive for five
minutes to do so (or hop the fence) because other roads or pedestrian routes are not
provided.
TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT- Alternatives to status quo suburban
developments are increasingly popular, though they are hardly realized at close to the
same rate. One alternative is the transit-oriented development (TOD), which offers
increased density and mixed uses at transit nodes.
NEW URBANISM- Another alternative is projects that follow the charter of the Congress
for the New Urbanism (CNU), "the leading organization promoting walkable, mixed-use

neighborhood development, sustainable communities and healthier living conditions,"

according to the group's website. The most well-known CNU developments include
Seaside and Celebration, both in Florida, the latter developed by the Walt Disney
Company. Also in Florida is the CNU Baldwin Park project in Orlando, shown here,
which sits on a former military base. In this view we can see the mixed-use core and the
residential in the lower right. Much criticism levied at new urbanism contends that it is
suburbia in new (neotraditional) clothes; the street-front buildings hiding interior blocks
of surface parking are cases in point.
SUSTAINABLE URBANISM- There is a good deal of overlap between TOD, CNU and
sustainable urbanism; each is pitted against suburban sprawl, and each has a good
deal of traditional urbanism at its core