Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCCIN
El inters por el estudio dinmico de la distribucin de la renta ha crecido
considerablemente en los ltimos aos. El paso desde el anlisis esttico de los
problemas de bienestar, desigualdad y pobreza a la adopcin de un enfoque dinmico
permite tanto una mejor comprensin del proceso distributivo como una evaluacin ms
precisa de la eficacia de las polticas pblicas. Las mejoras logradas en el estudio
dinmico de la desigualdad y la pobreza se han nutrido de los avances conseguidos en el
desarrollo de un cuerpo terico cada vez ms slido y en la disponibilidad de nuevas
bases de datos con informacin longitudinal sobre hogares e individuos. En el primer
mbito, la formalizacin de una gama variada de enfoques y la definicin de un
conjunto consistente de propiedades axiomticas ha servido para sistematizar nuevas
metodologas de anlisis y una amplia batera de indicadores, que permiten recoger
aspectos muy diferentes de la movilidad de ingresos.
Se une a ello el impulso tambin cobrado por una serie de tcnicas
economtricas especialmente aptas para el estudio de las transiciones de los hogares
entre diferentes estratos de la distribucin de la renta. La aplicacin de modelos de
duracin o el anlisis de eventos ligados a las transiciones entre estados son algunos
ejemplos de las posibilidades que abre el anlisis longitudinal, con implicaciones
notables sobre los instrumentos de diagnstico y planificacin con los que cuentan los
decisores pblicos. La estimacin paramtrica del tiempo en un estado determinado
puede ayudar, por ejemplo, a los encargados de la toma de decisiones a predecir la
estancia media esperada de los individuos en determinados programas pblicos y
ajustar, con ello, tanto el diseo como el coste de las polticas.
Este impulso difcilmente hubiera sido posible sin el desarrollo de paneles de
hogares que permiten poner a prueba los diferentes enfoques. Aunque algunos pases
acumulaban una larga experiencia en la elaboracin de microdatos longitudinales, como
el Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) estadounidense, puesto en marcha en los
aos sesenta, la dcada de los noventa alberg cambios sin precedentes, siendo varios
los pases que crearon, por primera vez, encuestas a hogares con la finalidad del
seguimiento en el tiempo de los cambios en el nivel de ingresos y en las condiciones de
vida.
1
fuente nica de informacin sobre renta y condiciones de vida en los Estados Miembros
de la Unin Europea, pero tambin presenta importantes lmites que condicionan las
posibilidades de explotacin.
1.1. Ventajas del PHOGUE
Una de las principales ventajas del PHOGUE frente al resto de fuentes
disponibles para el estudio de los ingresos de los hogares es que proporciona
informacin comparable entre pases de la Unin Europea a nivel micro, a partir de un
diseo estandarizado, procedimientos tcnicos y de implementacin comunes, con el
apoyo y la coordinacin de Eurostat para el desarrollo de las diferentes encuestas
nacionales.
Destaca tambin la cobertura multidimensional de esta fuente de informacin. El
anlisis de los procesos sociales exige un amplio respaldo estadstico que informe sobre
las distintas dimensiones del bienestar y las condiciones de vida de los hogares e
individuos. El PHOGUE constituye una de las fuentes de informacin ms ricas a nivel
comparado tanto sobre los ingresos como sobre una amplia gama de indicadores
sociales, adems de suficiente detalle en otras variables, como la situacin econmica,
laboral, el estado de salud y, en general, las condiciones de vida de la poblacin.
Otra caracterstica relevante es el diseo longitudinal de la encuesta. Resulta de
gran relevancia disponer de informacin sobre las condiciones de vida y los ingresos de
los mismos hogares e individuos a lo largo de un perodo prolongado de tiempo, para
poder analizar tanto las relaciones entre las distintas dimensiones del bienestar como las
transiciones entre estados sociales. Hasta fechas recientes, la carencia de datos de tipo
longitudinal ha constituido una importante restriccin para el anlisis de la dinmica de
los procesos relacionados con la distribucin de la renta.
Entre las ventajas tpicas de los datos de panel frente a los de corte transversal
(Baltagi, 2001, Matyas y Sevestre, 1992), cabe destacar, entre otras:
a)
conjunto de problemas que afectan a los datos de tipo longitudinal, que se aaden a los
propios lmites de esta fuente. Entre los primeros hay que citar:
a) Existe un conjunto amplio de problemas, presentes tambin en los datos de seccin
cruzada, pero que en el caso de los paneles se reproducen de manera ampliada:
lmites en la cobertura de la poblacin de inters, falta de respuesta por la ausencia
de cooperacin del encuestado o el error del entrevistador, problemas de memoria del
encuestado, frecuencia de la entrevista o perodo de referencia.
b) Aumento de los errores de medida: tales problemas se amplan cuando se
reproducen en el tiempo las respuestas defectuosas, los errores de memoria o la
distorsin deliberada de la respuesta, entre otros.
c) Problemas de seleccin:
12
estudios longitudinales. Siguiendo otros trabajos (Fitzgerald et al., 1998, Pape, 2004,
Gradn et al., 2004), construimos estos factores longitudinales a partir de la estimacin
del propensity score o probabilidad de seguir en la encuesta, condicionada a la presencia
de un conjunto de caractersticas socioeconmicas. Estos pesos seran, por tanto, el
resultado de la estimacin probabilstica de cuntas observaciones que han salido de la
muestra representa una observacin concreta. A los individuos con mayor probabilidad
de salida de la muestra se les asignara una mayor ponderacin.
La estimacin parte, por tanto, de algn tipo de estimacin de la probabilidad no
lineal de permanecer en la muestra a partir de las caractersticas de los individuos
entrevistados en la primera ola. Al trmino de la ltima ola disponible los individuos
que estaban inicialmente pueden haber seguido en la muestra (Y=1) o haber abandonado
el panel (Y=0):
Pr (Y=1) = F(x,)
(1)
(2)
'
P (Y = 1) =
e Xi
'
1 + e Xi
= ps
(3)
13
i ,t =
(1 / p s )
N t =1
1
=
(1 / p s ) p s (1 / p s )
(4)
N t =1
donde Nt=1 representa el tamao de la muestra inicial y de donde puede
deducirse que wi,t=1. El primer trmino es el propensity score weight, que es la
inversa de la probabilidad de permanecer en la muestra a lo largo del perodo
considerado y que es el elemento clave en el anlisis. El segundo trmino permite elevar
la muestra de cada ola al tamao de la inicial. Tal clculo simplifica la comparacin de
las frecuencias entre olas y, al generar un factor comn constante para todas las
observaciones de una ola, no modifica el peso relativo de cada observacin.
Una cuestin clave es la seleccin de variables en la especificacin de las
regresiones que tratan de explicar la probabilidad de permanecer en la muestra. En las
estimaciones realizadas se incluyen las variables del PHOGUE a menudo identificadas
como significativas en otros estudios previos que han tratado de estudiar la attrition con
paneles de hogares. Las mayores garantas que ofrece la inclusin de variables
significativas en otros trabajos no evita, sin embargo, una notable sensibilidad de los
resultados tanto a la seleccin realizada como a la forma de considerar cada variable. La
especificacin de la renta, por ejemplo, por decilas, cuadrtica o logartmica, puede dar
lugar a resultados diferentes.
Existe, adems, un problema especial con los valores perdidos. Los valores
missing en una variable excluyen la observacin correspondiente de la regresin, sin
que sea posible asignarle un peso especfico. Una alternativa es asignar el valor medio
de la distribucin cuando no existe informacin sobre una variable concreta. Las
1
Como sealan Kalton y Brick (1994), tal procedimiento puede resultar limitado si no se conoce
correctamente la probabilidad conjunta de que un hogar salga de la muestra, adems de la probabilidad
individual de cada uno de sus miembros.
14
Se excluyen, por tanto, de las estimaciones, y, con ello, del clculo de ponderaciones, a los nios y a los
adultos sin cuestionario completo.
15
17
modelos sociales alternativos, con una extensin muy diferente de los problemas de
desigualdad salarial y trabajo de bajos salarios en pases con diferencias notables en la
organizacin de los mercados de trabajo y la proteccin social.
Las posibles conclusiones a las que se puede arribar a partir de la aplicacin de
las metodologas habituales del anlisis dinmico de las rentas individuales estn muy
condicionadas, sin embargo, por la posible falta de representatividad de la muestra del
PHOGUE al trmino de su elaboracin respecto a las caractersticas iniciales. Una
mayor salida de los hogares de menores rentas, por ejemplo, podra dar lugar a la
obtencin de indicadores de movilidad ascendente muy superiores a lo que deberan ser
sus valores reales. Los menores niveles de attrition en algunos pases en las categoras
educativas ms altas podran contribuir a reflejar incorrectamente los procesos de
movilidad salarial. Aunque el anlisis previo mostraba una diferente incidencia de la
attrition en cada pas, existe suficiente evidencia de que en la mayora de los casos sta
se manifiesta de manera selectiva. La posibilidad de que la prdida gradual de muestra
no sea aleatoria puede afectar al anlisis longitudinal de los hogares. La respuesta a qu
grado y qu tipo de movilidad de ingresos prevalece en una sociedad concreta depende,
en buena medida, de la calidad y representatividad de los datos de panel.
Dos son las cuestiones que permiten corroborar en qu medida la attrition del
PHOGUE puede introducir o no sesgos de cierta magnitud en el estudio de la movilidad
de ingresos. En primer lugar, se debe contrastar si los indicadores habituales de
movilidad cambian sustancialmente o no debido al abandono progresivo de la muestra
de determinados grupos de hogares. En segundo lugar, se puede estimar, a partir de los
factores de ponderacin longitudinal calculados en el apartado anterior, si esos sesgos
pueden corregirse mediante el uso de mtodos adecuados de ponderacin de los
individuos que abandonan la muestra.
3.1. El efecto de la attrition sobre la movilidad de ingresos
entre la primera y la ltima ola. Una primera submuestra sera la formada por todos los
hogares que estaban en el panel en el momento t a (submuestra k) y otra, ms
reducida, la que permaneci en el panel durante las t olas o panel puro (submuestra p).
La intuicin de este tipo de ejercicios es simple y ha sido desarrollada en diversos
trabajos previos (Fizgerald et al., 1998a, Behr et al., 2003).
n
Sea R+ el conjunto de distribuciones posibles para una poblacin formada por N
n
Son varios los ndices que permiten sintetizar en una nica medida las
transformaciones de los ingresos individuales. Cada uno de ellos captura una dimensin
diferente de la movilidad, respondiendo a distintos conceptos de partida. La relacin
entre la desigualdad de seccin cruzada y longitudinal ha sido formalizada por
Shorrocks (1978a), a travs de un ndice de movilidad que compara la desigualdad en
distintos sub-perodos (tk-1 ,tk) dentro de un intervalo temporal concreto (t0,tn) con la
desigualdad resultante de la consideracin de las rentas agregadas de cada individuo en
el conjunto del perodo:
21
R=
I [x(t 0 , t n )]
n
w I [x(t
i =1
k 1
, t k )]
(5)
M ( P) =
n tr ( P)
n 1
(6)
BI = plj l j
(7)
l =1 j =1
22
donde plj representa las transiciones hacia percentiles distintos del inicial. Cuanto mayor
sea el valor del ndice, mayor es la movilidad. Tambin resulta un indicador intuitivo de
la movilidad el porcentaje de hogares que permanecen en la misma decila.
La estimacin de los diferentes tipos de indicadores con las dos submuestras
revela algunos resultados interesantes sobre los efectos de la attrition (Cuadro 6). En
primer lugar, no parece que la salida futura de la muestra de una parte considerable de
las observaciones introduzca un sesgo en las comparaciones entre pases. No se
producen reordenaciones entre ellos y la varianza de los valores de los diferentes
indicadores nacionales no se modifica sustancialmente. Se repite, sin embargo, un
patrn comn de resultados en todos los pases: la movilidad observada es
sistemticamente inferior con la muestra de panel puro para las ocho olas que con la
formada por todos los individuos que estuvieron al menos las cuatro primeras olas. La
nica excepcin es Francia, que repite ese comportamiento con los indicadores de
rigidez de rentas, pero que muestra una mayor movilidad con el panel puro cuando se
utilizan las matrices de transicin. Las diferencias, en cualquier caso, entre los
indicadores con las diferentes submuestras son pequeas, especialmente en Espaa y
Alemania. Slo en el Reino Unido la attrition parece tener un efecto ms importante
sobre la magnitud de la movilidad observada, especialmente cuando sta se aproxima a
travs de indicadores de asociacin estadstica.
El principal efecto, sin embargo, de la attrition sobre las estimaciones de
movilidad no est tan relacionado con los valores agregados de los ndices sino con la
posibilidad de obtener indicadores diferentes cuando se descompone la movilidad en sus
componentes estructurales o cuando se analiza por particiones de poblacin. Parece
necesario identificar el modo en que la cada no selectiva de la muestra afecta o no a la
diferenciacin entre las reordenaciones de los individuos entre las dos distribuciones y
las modificaciones en la estructura de rentas como factores que explican las
fluctuaciones de los ingresos a lo largo del tiempo. Un indicador que permite una
primera aproximacin a esta diferenciacin es el propuesto por Fields y Ok (1996),
quienes definen un ndice que resulta de la suma de los valores absolutos de los cambios
de renta de cada individuo u hogar:
23
m n ( x, y ) =
log x
i =1
log yi
(8)
m n ( x, y ) = K ( x, y ) + T ( x, y ) =
1
2
(log yi log xi ) + (log xi log yi )
n i =1
n iL
(9)
donde K(x,y) resume los cambios en las rentas provocados por el crecimiento
econmico y T(x,y) refleja el movimiento total de rentas atribuible a las transferencias
de los que ganan a los que pierden.
Las posibilidades de descomposicin del ndice de Fields y Ok se extienden
tambin al mbito de las particiones por grupos de poblacin. El ndice puede
descomponerse como una media ponderada del movimiento de ingresos especfico de
cada categora de la poblacin. Si se divide la poblacin en J1,...,n particiones,
j=1,...,J y xj,yj:
J
nj
mn ( x1 ,..., x j ), ( y1 ,...., y j ) = mnj ( x j , y j )
j =1 n
(10)
siendo x e y las distribuciones de renta de una misma poblacin en dos momentos del
tiempo y mn una funcin del movimiento de rentas durante ese intervalo temporal. El
ndice puede desagregarse como una media ponderada de la movilidad de los distintos
grupos de poblacin, siendo las ponderaciones el peso demogrfico de cada grupo:
J
nj
=
(
,
)
m x y
j =1 n
*
n
1
j
n
log y
i =1
j
i
log xij
(11)
24
modifica las diferencias por sexos. Son muy moderados tambin los cambios en los
indicadores correspondientes al estado civil, dando origen la cada de la muestra a una
reduccin de la contribucin de los individuos que viven en hogares con sustentadores
casados a la movilidad total y a aumentos, por el contrario, de la contribucin relativa
de separados y divorciados. En el resto de categoras las diferencias son poco marcadas,
con la excepcin de las diferencias segn el rgimen de tenencia de la vivienda,
causando la attrition, por regla general, una reduccin de la contribucin a la movilidad
en el caso de viviendas en propiedad y una ganancia en el de alquiler.
3.2. La movilidad de ingresos con ponderacin de la attrition: difieren los
resultados?
28
30
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32
Cuadro 1
Porcentaje de individuos que permanecen en el PHOGUE las ocho olas
(segn las caractersticas del hogar al que pertenecen)
Characteristics
Adjusted Disposable Household Income (a). Deciles
Decile 1
Decile 2
Decile 3
Decile 4
Decile 5
Decile 6
Decile 7
Decile 8
Decile 9
Decile 10
Total
Household head's main source of income
Wages and salaries
Income from self-employment
Pensions
Unemployment/Redundancy benefits
Any other social benefits or grants
Private income
Total
Household type
1-person household: aged 65 or more
1-person household: aged 30-64
1-person household: less than 30
Single parents
2 adults without children
2 adults with one child
2 adults with two children
2 adults with three children or more
3+ adults without children, no members aged <25
3+adults without children, one or more < 25
3+adults with one child
3+adults with two children
3+adults with three or more children
Total
Household head's age
Aged less than 30
Aged 30-64
Aged 65 or more
Total
Household head's sex
varon
mujer
Total
Household head's marital status
married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Never married
Total
Household head's educational attainment
Recognised third level
Second stage of secon.
Spain France
UK
Germany Italy
43.79
46.34
46.94
44.52
43.88
45.53
48.73
43.79
42.58
45.46
45.15
42.35
46.59
50.00
51.35
52.26
56.07
57.21
56.32
57.51
54.59
52.42
56.78
61.03
64.39
70.72
71.17
73.65
72.20
74.44
71.76
70.11
68.62
52.47
56.48
63.74
61.78
63.72
67.72
66.38
65.14
67.08
69.45
63.39
52.28
59.03
56.14
56.15
57.45
53.32
52.10
53.76
52.73
49.21
54.21
46.02
45.72
43.39
48.90
41.19
34.79
45.15
55.86
53.46
45.93
38.96
44.16
43.32
52.42
73.03
72.20
59.79
63.44
60.73
48.64
68.62
65.59
62.33
54.20
54.84
56.95
64.08
63.39
56.21
52.30
49.66
65.32
53.10
44.99
54.21
37.85
44.08
20.41
49.53
44.49
48.89
47.58
50.77
42.96
41.90
45.03
45.45
46.34
45.15
37.98
50.73
38.03
54.23
49.41
56.36
59.73
59.38
51.04
49.82
50.12
48.64
42.89
52.42
49.02
71.22
60.36
63.74
69.40
76.70
76.66
76.53
57.66
55.08
72.31
68.87
49.68
68.62
46.36
64.79
56.86
55.72
62.06
68.46
70.82
65.02
59.79
60.82
57.55
62.15
63.50
63.39
37.83
51.02
41.67
45.40
48.95
53.47
61.42
62.60
49.46
52.85
56.21
57.70
68.89
54.21
46.56
45.67
41.80
45.15
49.39
54.80
42.52
52.42
60.03
73.01
57.52
68.62
60.12
65.92
50.03
63.39
50.76
56.09
45.77
54.21
45.93
42.18
45.15
53.45
49.60
52.42
71.66
63.64
68.62
65.16
58.80
63.39
55.30
50.46
54.21
46.50
25.64
33.48
42.91
42.49
45.15
54.45
46.78
47.90
42.84
49.20
52.42
74.21
64.58
63.05
52.64
57.38
68.62
65.37
56.73
57.52
49.82
61.29
63.45
55.83
35.48
44.74
44.58
51.16
54.21
43.95
47.08
58.00
54.44
72.27
68.43
68.02
65.14
53.59
55.65
33
45.12
45.16
48.43
44.12
52.48
67.11
57.14
69.01
53.89
43.33
63.41
53.62
52.90
54.21
45.91
38.08
50.14
45.15
54.67
48.98
49.73
52.43
73.28
58.70
60.62
69.15
66.61
61.37
59.31
63.40
55.90
48.35
52.80
54.21
42.69
46.42
46.96
50.00
47.22
45.15
48.20
53.61
57.54
60.52
48.89
52.42
63.17
74.07
74.64
75.18
63.84
68.62
60.45
63.74
69.17
63.87
65.14
63.39
50.12
54.73
60.37
63.02
68.03
54.21
43.25
46.27
45.77
41.32
45.15
42.97
52.13
58.76
52.79
52.42
55.99
70.83
76.04
69.10
68.62
52.58
63.93
68.21
61.96
63.39
47.89
56.08
55.54
52.28
54.21
39.11
44.56
44.78
46.80
44.83
44.72
45.34
45.15
43.08
49.52
54.39
57.05
57.91
48.90
34.23
52.42
58.61
69.11
68.15
72.25
73.86
67.32
42.55
68.62
56.02
61.59
64.98
67.08
61.30
61.90
60.47
63.39
43.31
48.71
51.27
56.26
60.15
55.30
64.65
54.21
34
Cuadro 2.a
Porcentaje de individuos que permanecen en el PHOGUE las ocho olas
(segn las caractersticas del hogar al que pertenecen)
Spain
Adjusted Disposable Household Income (a)
Adjusted Disposable Household Income (a) squared
Main source of income
Income from self-employment
Pensions
Unemployment/Redundancy benefits
Any other social benefits or grants
Private income
Household type
1-person household: aged 30-64
1-person household: less than 30
Single parents
2 adults without children
2 adults with one child
2 adults with two children
2 adults with three children or more
3+adults without children, no members aged less than 25
3+adults without children,with members aged less than 25
3+adults with one child
3+adults with two children
3+adults with three or more children
Age of household's head
Aged 30-64
Aged 65 or more
Sex of household's head
Woman
Marital status of household head
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Never married
Highest level of education completed
Second stage of secondary level of education
Less than second stage of secondary level of education
Still at school
Tenure status
Rent
Accommodation is provided rent-free
Constant
Sample size
Log likelihood
Pseudo R2
Germany
Italy
-1.32e-08
4.63e-15
6.20e-07*
-4.99e-13*
France
.0000157*
-5.81e-10*
UK
.0000115*
-7.69e-11*
-7.96e-06*
7.65e-11*
-.022
.039
.067
-.103*
-.200*
-.095334*
-.0038994
-.3248291*
-.1931303*
-.1063767
-.0431225
-.057756
-.1073087
-.1499141*
-.3481702*
-.1515299*
.229283*
-.1367289*
-.0200669
.1042395**
-.1288874*
.0236479
.1769599*
-.0211851
-.2415152*
.2021468*
-.5204509*
.53733*
.0879735
.1425258*
.1054912
.1971432*
.0509624
-.0213912
.0483074
.0638272
.1201149
.1161008
-.1336973
.2788008*
.0368349
.1413686**
.1851032*
.2321346*
.0419931
-.0547962
-.0475425
-.0700703
-.1068105
.2541995*
.1000226
.1645646**
.01132
.1617139**
.1023601
.1541954
-.3719051*
-.3573602*
-.0626015
-.1140773
-.5558942*
-.0138249
-.1536366
-.0956176
-.1300527
-.022022
.0064724
-.0865914
-.3038116*
-.2584593*
-.3166546*
-.1596948
-.045774
.2355286*
.042105
.1732522
.1360728*
.205665*
.3919883*
.3969349*
.1049446
.1623689*
.2351149*
.2698968*
.581984*
-.120759* .0216407
.0772057**
-.2370916* -.2118209* -.1673075*
.0915719* .0972597*
-.4711972* -.0728336
-.0389707
-.0327062
-.0686386*
-.079315*
-.0562295*
-.5990752*
-.3423754*
-.0132401
-.1111138*
-.1619071
-.1634596*
-.0764916
-.063466**
-.2438569*
-.3004179*
-.3460161*
-.2834933*
-.1274254
-.1476911*
-.168962*
-.0099661
-.4063956*
-.172973**
-.1196013*
.0134072
.0810751*
.0528046*
-.0666525* -.0001276
-.1142993* -.0197018
-.1632142* -.2378984
-.1997373* -.1075921*
.0733981* .0898928**
-.0517804 .1308834
22836
18134
15.561.633 12.308.747
0.0102
0.0190
-.0251591 .049347
-.2454871* .0186828
-.5198335* .1270251*
-.2303944*
-.089057*
-.2147398*
-.243985*
.6599022*
12279
-.1450006*
.3454967*
16027
10.226.338
0.0279
-.1224977*
-.0178415
21404
14.512.701
0.0168
-71.810.567
0.0535
35
Cuadro 2.b
Porcentaje de individuos que permanecen en el PHOGUE las ocho olas
(segn las caractersticas del hogar al que pertenecen)
Spain
France
UK
Germany Italy
-2.74e-08
5.36e-15
8.76e-07*
-6.29e-13*
.0000169*
-5.94e-10*
.0000129* -8.08e-06*
-8.34e-11* 7.59e-11*
-.0181303
.0414488
.0679133
-.1033874*
-.2017332*
-.0952567*
-.0162654
-.3404077*
-.2116194*
-.125812**
-.0547499
-.0558086
-.1441936
-.1394067*
-.3404174*
-.144970*
.2191694*
-.133844*
-.0484392
.0751144
-.131920*
.027924
.1777736*
-.0003074
-.241968*
.2010016*
-.5315307*
.5297229*
.0886262
.1424794*
.1024349
.1921041*
.0494903
-.0230978
.0459006
.0626402
.1188405
.1184703
-.141142
.3002985*
.0326891
.1453316**
.1935223*
.226674*
.0355658
-.054548
-.0452172
-.0797718
-.1158502
.2411388*
.0978191
.1571839
.0019074
.1621501**
.0997062
.1543832
-.3706152*
-.3547626*
-.0598096
-.0778091
-.5565189*
.00034
-.1192194
-.0524969
-.1001965
.0241177
.0572171
-.0844436
-.272835*
-.242725*
-.315769*
-.16870**
-.106186
.2303177*
.0377376
.1650865
.1379351*
.2059986*
.3916743*
.3925412*
.1040214
.1563592*
.2353042*
.2701005*
.588314*
-.1192019*
.0239029
.069758**
.0909911*
Aged 65 or more
Sex of household's head
-.2371238*
-.2162682*
-.1822059*
.1150554*
.4381285*
Woman
Marital status
Separated
-.041706**
-.0274055
-.0712261*
.0732588*
-.5944816*
-.171472**
-.2131501*
Divorced
-.3374506*
-.1575486*
-.288651*
Widowed
Never married
Tenure status
-.0121996
-.1108714*
-.092476**
-.062422**
-.3411933*
-.2730613*
Rent
-.1995221*
-.1088252*
-.2425316*
.0756576*
.0090823
22837
-15565.73
(28)=312.56
0.0000
0.0099
-.083609**
.0348139
18190
-12358551
(28)=456.81
0.0000
0.0181
-.2805053*
.6505053*
12440
-7281.2006
(28)=812.87
0.0000
0.0529
-.1207693
.1472644*
.1973854*
.0075303
.1189381*
.1507938*
.2156395*
16130
-10335269
507.04
0.0000
0.0239
36
-.0726
-.050774*
-.40869*
-.17345**
-.107974*
.012605
.2149557*
.1179342*
.0195142
21424
-14530852
485.84
0.0000
0.0164
Cuadro 2.c
Porcentaje de individuos que permanecen en el PHOGUE las ocho olas
(segn las caractersticas del hogar al que pertenecen)
Adjusted Disposable Household Income (a)
Adjusted Disposable Household Income (a) squared
Numer of children (aged less than 18)
Household size squared
Number of full time workers
Main source of income
Income from self-employment
Pensions
Unemployment/Redundancy benefits
Any other social benefits or grants
Private income
Household type
1-person household: aged 30-64
1-person household: less than 30
Single parents
2 adults without children
2 adults with one child
2 adults with two children
2 adults with three children or more
3+adults without children, no members aged less than 25
3+adults without children,with members aged less than 25
3+adults with one child
3+adults with two children
3+adults with three or more children
Age of household's head
Aged 30-64
Aged 65 or more
Sex of household's head
Woman
Marital status
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Never married
Highest level of education completed
Second stage of secondary level of education
Less than second stage of secondary level of education
Still at school
Tenure status
Rent
Accommodation is provided rent-free
Constant
Sample size
Log likelihood
LR chi2
Prob > chi2
Pseudo R2
Spain
France
UK
Germany
Italy
-3.47e-09
3.68e-15
-.0214531
-.0004171
-.0223435
3.23e-07
-3.38e-13*
.2881109*
-.0233272*
.1441881*
6.69e-06
-3.82e-10**
.1247016*
-.0248041*
.1572308*
8.87e-06*
-6.35e-11*
.1602195*
-.0107445*
.0962797*
-8.85e-06*
8.48e-11*
.1168439**
.0018389
.0262313**
-.0207364
.0183503
.0483126
-.1203708*
-.2117037*
-.1048353*
.1686961*
-.1908557*
-.0650402
-.0346836
-.0418698
.0831027
.0639205
.0187956
-.1926153*
-.1481374*
.3168927*
-.0581674
.0626698
.1650999*
-.1313447*
.0468884
.2003797*
-.0031959
-.2226812*
.1997523*
-.5278917*
.5818115*
.0939993
.1768655*
.1643671
.1567146*
-.0959006
-.0306617
.0826617
-.0156239
-.0865752
.3127526*
.1280569
.1684668
.0753875
.2281644*
.2212406**
.2360723*
.0509377
-.0311301
.1205641**
.0551395
.1124656
.2909569*
.0692126
.0021285
.0976717
.135875
.2386442**
-.1019737
.1751369*
.1659199*
.0259583
-.0623081
.067332
.4255926*
-.1960504**
-.1455792
.172443
.2307913**
.1570882
.0369127
-.1203223
-.2536352*
-.0947844
-.1058381
-.165875
.3201081**
-.2318279*
-.2042337*
-.348011*
-.226543**
-.0157926
-.1243387* .0075307
-.2411989* -.1992051*
.0738591**
-.1023743
.0837742*
-.4321734*
.1040284*
-.0614371
-.0352702
-.046925**
-.0494405**
-.0891817*
-.058719*
-.601678*
-.3460627*
-.0117065
-.1076063*
-.1511637
-.1633918*
-.095563**
-.054261
-.209729*
-.3050951*
-.3557505*
-.2597289*
-.148868**
-.1487204*
-.1673746*
-.0007996
-.396687*
-.1659093
-.126591*
.006234
.0804172*
.0537658*
-.0772073*
-.1041546*
-.1471342*
.0125578
-.0206285
-.3192435
-.0329275
-.2418076*
-.5371837*
.0530828
.0175944
.1204182*
-.2002222*
.0722059*
-.0395077
22836
-15.559.56
(33)323.69
0.0000
0.0103
-.1000579*
-.0986523*
.0086396
18134
-12227186
(34)=640.00
0.0000
0.0255
-.2040275*
-.2464842*
.4975428*
12279
-71217114
(34)=930.73
0.0000
0.0613
-.0958325*
-.1514629*
.2962407*
16027
-10204355
(34)=629.91
0.0000
0.0299
-.2132576*
-.1216816*
-.0345225
21404
-14505749
(34)=508.52
0.0000
0.0172
37
-.0463656
.0609656
.1055697
.0530612
-.0505028
.104785
Cuadro 3.a
Porcentaje de individuos que permanecen en el PHOGUE las ocho olas
(segn las caractersticas individuales)
Total net personal income
Total net personal income squared
Main activity status of adult and aged more or less than 65
Unemployed (aged less than 65)
Early retirement (aged less than 65)
Other economically inactive (aged less than 65)
Inactive (aged 65 or more)
Sex of individual
Women
Marital status of adult
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Never married
Highest level of education completed of adult
Second stage of secondary level of education
Less than second stage of secondary level of education
Still at school
Constant
Sample size
Log likelihood
LR chi2
Prob > chi2
Pseudo R2
Spain
France
UK
Germany
Italy
2.70e-08
-6.00e-16
3.86e-07*
-2.05e-13*
.0000284*
-5.65e-10*
5.24e-06*
-2.55e-11*
-2.20e-06
8.46e-12
-.031263
.1799869*
.063682*
-.151575*
-.2576853*
-.0371029
-.1739137*
-.3636825*
-.1538891*
.1452581
-.1185378*
-.4269911*
-.1466142*
.0966911**
-.0005843
-.4020204*
-.0153411
.0440084
-.006785
-.2856263*
.0647187*
.1211704*
.1464736*
.1265247*
.0093863
-.4597016*
-.3948901*
-.1578387*
-.1752719*
-.2742272*
-.2030404*
-.2409582*
-.2012926*
-.422855*
-.383865*
-.503281*
-.485819*
-.3042054*
-.1614535*
-.2212632*
-.2599085*
-.4693892*
-.243968**
-.1835285*
-.1588955*
-.0351467
.0071959
-.4047382
.6140667*
8734
-50700169
(14)=573.90
0.0000
0.0536
-.058561**
-.2414433*
-.1415305
.4345421*
11802
-75239373
(14)=402.00
0.0000
0.0260
-.0027759
-.0396859
.0262642
.2284528*
17272
-11834987
(14)=204.51
0.0000
0.0086
.0630016**
.0843256*
-.1044545*
-.1230885*
-.2113204*
-.1782162* .2505301*
17756
13740
-12107317 -93155541
(13)=195.85 (14)=408.65
0.0000
0.0000
0.0080
0.0215
38
Cuadro 3.b
Porcentaje de individuos que permanecen en el PHOGUE las ocho olas
(segn las caractersticas individuales)
Total net personal income
Total net personal income squared
Main activity status of adult and aged more or less than 65
Unemployed (aged less than 65)
Early retirement (aged less than 65)
Other economically inactive (aged less than 65)
Inactive (aged 65 or more)
Age of individual squared
Sex of individual
Woman
Marital status of adult
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Never married
Highest level of education completed of adult
Second stage of secondary level of education
Less than second stage of secondary level of education
Still at school
Constant
Sample size
Log likelihood
LR chi2
Prob > chi2
Pseudo R2
Spain
France
UK
Germany
Italy
3.75e-08**
-1.22e-15
4.59e-07*
-2.37e-13*
.0000302*
-5.86e-10*
5.43e-06*
-2.61e-11*
-1.57e-06
6.26e-12
-.0358126
.2814051*
.0813108*
.0385716
-.0000582*
-.2570631*
.0869572
-.1672941*
-.131983*
-.0000721*
-.1528595*
.2818251*
-.1188392*
-.1688291*
-.0000744*
-.1407549*
.1530198*
.0026166
-.289895*
-.0000331*
-.0280022
.1479274*
-.0058698
-.0417336
-.0000769*
.0656776*
.1202638*
.1437551*
.1257788*
.0068282
-.4676587*
-.4014659*
-.1219709*
-.2344967*
-.2710253*
-.1970218*
-.2003338*
-.2616872*
-.44224*
-.3825904*
-.4636078*
-.5555941*
-.3159797*
-.160894*
-.2033225*
-.2945382*
-.4681796*
-.240607**
-.1458315*
-.240198**
.0558819
.1103257*
-.105112*
-.0983482*
-.2478012*
.372695*
13740
-93028626
434.03
0.0000
0.0228
-.0469385
.0208132
-.4377541
.7365039*
8734
-50610285
591.88
0.0000
0.0552
-.061856**
-.2412071*
-.1573662
.4930434*
11802
-.0162451
-.0297319
.0727481
.3693953**
17272
-11815926
242.63
0.0000
0.0102
-.091829**
17756
-12093186
224.11
0.0000
0.0092
406.97
0.0000
0.0263
39
Cuadro 3.c
Porcentaje de individuos que permanecen en el PHOGUE las ocho olas
(segn las caractersticas individuales)
Total net personal income
Total net personal income squared
Main activity status of adult and aged more or less than 65
Unemployed (aged less than 65)
Early retirement (aged less than 65)
Other economically inactive (aged less than 65)
Inactive (aged 65 or more)
Age of individual squared
Sex of individual
Woman
Marital status of adult
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Never married
Highest level of education completed of adult
Second stage of secondary level of education
Less than second stage of secondary level of education
Still at school
Health status of adult
Good
Fair
Bad
Very bad
Constant
Sample size
Log likelihood
LR chi2
Prob > chi2
Pseudo R2
Spain
France
UK
Germany
Italy
3.49e-08**
-1.13e-15
4.27e-07*
-2.24e-13*
.0000305*
-6.00e-10*
5.32e-06*
-2.61e-11*
-1.74e-06
6.77e-12
-.0385165
.2810674*
.0910131*
.0317661
-.0000431*
-.2471922*
.0898398
-.149002*
-.1296182*
-.0000608*
-.13309**
.2799719*
-.0890438*
-.168385*
-.0000658*
-.1306351*
.1716417*
.0033625
-.2889203*
-.0000261**
-.0270026
.1599753*
-.0070078
-.037159
-.0000685*
.0668547*
.1216025*
.1440779*
.1252661*
.0097748
-.4583384*
-.3911151*
-.1192498*
-.2306881*
-.2624719*
-.1820752*
-.1921864*
-.2585341*
-.4335114*
-.3720943*
-.4603968*
-.5579678*
-.3080499*
-.1536473*
-.1996022*
-.2883408*
-.4557868*
-.238648**
-.1463493*
-.2429711*
.0569817
.1210984*
-.1010378*
-.089126*
-.259318*
-.0477643
.033881
-.4426456
-.0610869** -.0146344
-.2314721* -.0217332
-.1572795
.1168441**
-.024949
-.0337475
-.1043829*
-.4195589*
-.0941199**
17708
-12037561
(18)=271.27
0.0000
0.0111
-.0087384
-.0332916
-.1873496*
-.3499933*
.3719957*
13655
-92249396
(19)=471.15
0.0000
0.0249
.0432562
-.0760374**
-.1621951*
-.5669987*
.7163503*
8729
-50375226
(19)=633.62
0.0000
0.0592
.0405555
.0791638**
-.0605277
-.2713061*
.4513321*
11778
-74848429
(19)=446.15
0.0000
0.0289
40
-.0594951*
-.0287001
-.1470911*
-.3534569*
.3966534*
17258
-11789277
(19)=276.46
0.0000
0.0116
Cuadro 4
Matriz de correlaciones de los pesos longitudinales
ESPAA
A
1
A
2
A
3
B
1
B
2
B
3
ALEMANIA
A
1
A
2
A
3
B
1
B
2
B
3
FRANCIA
1A
2A
3A
1B
2B
3B
ITALIA
A
1
A
2
A
3
B
1
B
2
B
3
R.UNIDO
A
1
A
2
A
3
B
1
B
2
B
3
1A
0.0082
1.0000
-0.0005
0.9915
1.0000
0.0344
0.9948
0.9859
1.0000
-0.0125
0.3749
0.3691
0.3765
1.0000
-0.0217
0.4012
0.3943
0.4038
0.9316
1.0000
-0.0099
0.3543
0.3485
0.3577
0.8079
0.8680
1.0000
1.0000
A
1
2A
3A
A
2
A
3
1B
B
1
1.0000
0.0448
0.9485
1.0000
0.0730
0.9399
0.8245
1.0000
0.1164
0.4086
0.2854
0.5055
1.0000
0.1300
0.4061
0.2833
0.5024
0.9939
1.0000
0.1170
0.3884
0.2705
0.4796
0.9329
0.9387
1.0000
A
1
A
2
A
3
B
1
1.0000
0.0216
0.9685
1.0000
0.1247
0.7909
0.7494
1.0000
0.0135
0.5940
0.5455
0.5492
1.0000
0.0000
0.5935
0.5463
0.5469
0.9678
1.0000
0.0014
0.5610
0.5147
0.5198
0.9001
0.9293
1.0000
A
1
A
2
A
3
B
1
1.0000
0.1196
0.9888
1.0000
0.0996
0.9901
0.9790
1.0000
0.0701
0.5111
0.5040
0.5060
1.0000
0.0903
0.5068
0.4999
0.5012
0.9185
1.0000
0.0750
0.4589
0.4539
0.4532
0.8401
0.9156
1.0000
A
1
A
2
A
3
B
1
1.0000
3B
1.0000
3B
B
2
0.1204
3B
B
2
0.0147
1.0000
B
2
0.0448
3B
2B
1.0000
3B
B
2
0.1503
1.0000
0.1559
0.9988
1.0000
0.0928
0.6275
0.6266
1.0000
0.0300
0.3292
0.3293
0.1978
1.0000
0.0480
0.3238
0.3241
0.1938
0.9942
1.0000
0.0472
0.3034
0.3036
0.1792
0.9758
0.9817
1.0000
41
Cuadro 5
Distribucin de frecuencias en la primera ola con diferentes ponderaciones
a) Espaa
=1
= E
= 2A
Wave Balanced
1
panel W1
Wave
1
Balanced
panel W1
Balanced
panel W1
10.01
10.00
10.00
9.99
10.01
10.00
9.99
10.01
10.00
9.99
9,707
10,260
10,396
9,853
9,727
10,085
10,784
9,707
9,426
10,056
9.36
9.67
9.29
9.50
10.15
10.35
9.68
10.10
10.91
10.98
9,292
11,202
10,114
10,118
9,311
11,383
10,734
8,452
9,206
10,187
9,574
10,193
10,349
9,939
9,681
10,101
10,762
9,663
9,693
10,045
57.49
12.44
17.74
4.59
5.84
1.90
58,592
12,597
17,048
4,975
5,324
1,464
57.70
12.26
17.87
4.79
5.38
1.99
61,239
14,154
11,883
4,798
4,738
3,188
57,403
12,493
17,719
4,571
5,845
1,968
2.65
1.48
0.21
0.93
14.14
8.25
15.17
5.93
10.08
15.75
14.89
7.23
3.29
2,221
1,445
0,097
1,018
13,935
8,931
15,981
6,672
9,591
14,614
14,847
7,273
3,375
2.43
1.41
0.20
0.78
14.63
9.80
15.36
4.62
11.60
17.15
14.17
5.84
2.01
1,373
1,054
0,033
0,463
10,891
6,994
13,928
8,252
8,309
14,660
17,466
10,657
5,921
2,645
1,486
0,196
0,943
14,162
8,238
15,105
5,923
10,161
15,855
14,788
7,244
3,254
11.19
73.00
15.81
11,540
73,827
14,633
11.51
72.31
16.19
13,943
75,601
10,456
11,144
72,971
15,886
79.35
20.65
80,712
19,288
79.34
20.66
81,289
18,711
79,149
20,851
75.89
1.88
0.99
7.13
14.11
78,142
1,067
0,737
6,779
13,276
75.97
1.66
1.02
6.89
14.46
78,718
0,716
0,732
5,219
14,615
75,769
1,922
0,993
7,212
14,104
18.49
12.97
68.54
17,998
13,518
68,483
19.09
13.48
67.43
20,831
13,585
65,584
17,859
13,389
68,752
80.84
12.98
82,196
10,948
80.40
13.62
82,786
10,703
80,909
12,941
42
6.17
6,856
5.98
6,511
6,150
44.32
23.49
22.80
6.80
2.60
41,903
24,147
23,710
7,525
2,715
47.43
24.28
21.58
5.36
1.35
36,320
24,689
24,752
9,840
4,399
44,505
23,376
22,757
6,887
2,475
23.44
45.87
24.94
5.75
22,450
47,003
25,281
5,266
22.94
45.57
25.55
5.95
17,071
45,505
29,460
7,963
23,266
46,109
25,264
5,361
4.34
14.49
19.32
30.63
17.60
7.96
5.64
3,763
14,304
19,162
31,749
17,475
7,884
5,663
4.04
14.93
21.78
31.17
16.74
6.93
4.39
2,460
11,121
12,996
25,677
19,862
12,794
15,090
4,327
14,512
19,055
31,636
17,241
7,804
5,425
43
b) Alemania
=1
= E
= 2A
Wave
1
Balanced
panel W1
Wave
1
Balanced
panel W1
Balanced
panel W1
10.00
10.01
9.99
10.02
9.98
9.99
10.00
10.00
10.01
9.99
8,277
8,921
10,042
9,769
10,032
10,676
10,471
10,276
10,588
10,949
11.47
8.68
9.26
8.64
9.56
9.23
9.28
10.78
10.68
12.42
8,220
8,165
9,761
9,068
8,822
10,097
10,682
11,223
10,599
13,364
9,540
9,626
10,323
9,931
9,984
10,466
10,113
9,791
9,944
10,282
72.51
5.46
11.70
3.96
2.31
4.06
75,022
5,372
10,003
3,422
2,077
4,105
64.21
5.21
18.07
4.03
3.06
5.42
69,636
5,770
13,860
3,365
1,858
5,512
72,454
5,503
11,642
3,901
2,323
4,177
3.23
3.41
1.58
2.54
22.61
13.44
16.86
8.02
5.40
10.11
8.07
3.05
1.69
2,359
3,481
1,414
2,233
22,131
14,517
18,836
8,229
5,089
9,701
7,322
2,993
1,696
6.37
6.43
2.43
2.77
26.23
12.56
14.48
6.15
5.64
9.19
5.20
1.84
0.70
4,573
6,304
2,168
1,026
18,610
10,929
15,566
7,277
7,137
12,037
8,890
3,556
1,926
3,250
3,681
1,574
2,524
22,574
13,436
16,855
8,033
5,292
10,053
7,997
3,045
1,687
16.00
73.92
10.08
15,170
76,874
7,956
12.24
70.98
16.77
13,661
75,085
11,253
15,795
74,117
10,088
72.28
27.72
74,291
25,709
68.46
31.54
72,714
27,286
72,102
27,898
74.14
1.70
5.35
5.11
13.69
76,241
1,521
4,845
4,007
13,201
67.80
1.86
6.28
8.40
15.66
71,729
1,185
4,361
5,404
17,221
73,995
1,713
5,505
5,193
13,594
24.90
53.56
21.35
0.19
26,548
54,685
18,036
0,127
26.33
56.15
17.35
0.17
26,239
57,215
15,808
0,212
25,712
54,696
18,869
0,126
39.68
57.79
2.52
41,689
55,933
2,359
45.89
50.91
3.21
49,382
48,125
2,441
40,018
57,467
2,516
44
0
1
2
3
4 and more
Number of full time workers in the household
0
1
2
3 and more
Household size
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
46.32
22.84
20.71
7.29
2.84
44,175
22,970
22,599
7,341
2,915
56.30
19.61
16.92
5.44
1.72
50,829
20,451
19,321
7,085
2,313
46,423
22,689
20,786
7,202
2,900
17.02
37.16
36.80
9.02
14,117
37,477
39,592
8,813
25.69
39.32
28.69
6.30
18,141
37,811
32,177
11,871
16,442
37,076
37,559
8,923
8.21
23.94
24.51
26.92
10.94
3.11
2.36
7,254
23,262
25,124
28,488
10,578
3,042
2,252
15.24
28.09
22.47
22.57
8.67
2.00
0.96
13,046
19,242
20,677
26,873
13,978
2,893
3,291
8,505
23,830
24,631
27,061
10,660
3,078
2,235
45
c) Francia
=1
= E
= 2A
Wave
1
Balanced
panel W1
Wave
1
Balanced
panel W1
Balanced
panel W1
10.02
9.99
10.01
10.00
9.99
10.00
10.02
10.00
9.98
10.00
8,092
8,878
9,549
9,790
9,958
10,692
10,933
10,744
10,954
10,409
9.77
9.57
9.64
9.68
10.02
9.83
10.00
10.34
10.52
10.64
7,571
8,872
9,356
9,636
10,482
10,039
11,074
11,304
11,270
10,395
9,108
9,624
9,826
9,968
10,126
10,503
10,478
10,324
10,384
9,661
62.76
7.47
18.93
1.79
6.87
2.18
66,876
7,621
16,583
1,331
5,786
1,803
61.94
7.40
20.41
1.83
6.17
2.25
68,554
7,427
16,338
1,147
4,859
1,674
62,808
7,545
18,933
1,763
6,793
2,159
4.30
4.15
1.95
3.45
22.51
9.97
17.17
10.73
3.95
9.11
6.75
3.65
2.32
3,113
4,015
1,415
3,564
21,216
10,723
19,560
12,149
3,847
8,658
6,457
3,386
1,897
5.10
4.66
2.19
3.27
24.15
10.92
16.16
9.11
4.30
8.69
6.22
3.28
1.94
2,673
2,766
1,202
2,252
20,311
12,154
18,583
10,254
5,584
10,498
7,468
4,057
2,197
4,305
4,200
1,954
3,467
22,426
9,958
17,266
10,737
3,988
9,117
6,678
3,641
2,264
11.64
74.15
14.22
10,964
77,505
11,530
11.64
72.31
16.05
13,289
75,221
11,489
11,512
74,246
14,242
73.45
26.55
74,885
25,115
72.78
27.22
76,386
23,614
73,356
26,644
70.79
0.94
6.79
6.07
15.41
73,501
0,839
6,205
4,958
14,455
69.14
0.96
7.03
6.74
16.13
75,236
0,650
4,978
4,402
14,701
70,805
0,930
6,823
6,011
15,431
19.83
37.80
39.56
2.81
21,876
39,130
36,436
2,358
20.33
37.30
39.51
2.86
22,344
39,168
35,943
2,376
20,753
37,781
38,569
2,690
60.06
35.79
4.14
62,631
33,438
3,931
59.09
36.56
4.35
61,196
34,565
4,238
60,173
35,757
4,071
46
0
1
2
3
4 and more
Number of full time workers in the household
0
1
2
3 and more
Household size
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
45.97
18.28
21.94
9.38
4.44
42,264
18,690
24,078
10,828
4,140
49.09
18.73
20.53
8.17
3.48
43,034
20,629
23,355
9,568
3,413
45,991
18,045
21,983
9,964
4,018
23.69
36.50
36.84
2.96
19,423
36,300
41,300
2,977
25.10
35.52
36.64
2.74
17,377
35,066
43,905
3,653
22,773
35,660
38,489
3,078
10.40
24.06
19.16
26.11
12.86
4.98
2.44
8,543
22,725
19,874
28,417
14,203
4,644
1,593
11.96
25.74
20.39
24.43
11.45
4.18
1.85
6,641
21,318
21,880
29,218
14,634
4,447
1,860
10,459
23,836
19,455
26,476
13,419
4,621
1,733
47
d) Reino Unido
=1
= E
= 2A
Wave
1
Balanced
panel W1
Wave
1
Balanced
panel W1
Balanced
panel W1
10.02
10.01
9.99
9.98
10.00
10.01
10.00
10.01
9.98
9.99
8,288
8,901
9,376
10,291
10,372
10,742
10,522
10,858
10,441
10,210
8.93
9.94
10.29
10.11
10.35
10.02
10.06
9.90
10.13
10.27
7,721
9,148
9,585
10,341
10,541
10,495
10,327
10,726
10,584
10,530
9,133
9,947
9,838
10,443
10,204
10,409
10,135
10,411
9,882
9,598
58.04
10.06
14.24
0.74
14.58
2.34
61,766
10,580
12,409
0,683
12,907
1,655
54.51
9.91
18.35
0.62
14.73
1.87
58,779
10,268
15,670
0,759
12,808
1,716
58,481
9,881
14,336
0,737
14,388
2,177
5.25
3.78
1.34
5.35
24.12
9.82
16.27
10.66
5.03
9.23
5.39
2.53
1.23
3,750
3,924
1,181
4,966
24,389
10,973
18,173
11,888
4,225
7,408
5,684
2,535
0,891
7.42
4.33
1.54
5.75
25.14
8.96
15.95
10.20
4.83
7.35
5.17
2.34
1.02
5,440
4,044
0,998
4,793
25,732
9,900
17,642
10,996
4,527
7,444
5,460
2,294
0,712
5,297
3,803
1,356
5,398
24,188
9,837
16,234
10,773
5,007
8,860
5,409
2,562
1,276
17.90
68.78
13.31
15,662
73,180
11,159
13.88
68.56
17.57
13,881
71,580
14,539
17,391
69,119
13,490
62.09
37.91
64,845
35,155
61.30
38.70
64,125
35,875
62,185
37,815
64.60
2.67
8.43
6.46
17.83
69,811
2,512
7,744
4,954
14,898
66.61
2.35
7.48
8.26
15.30
70,374
2,125
7,079
6,282
14,047
64,786
2,687
8,627
6,484
17,416
33.71
12.73
53.50
0.06
34,749
12,420
51,210
0,046
32.19
11.13
56.64
0.04
33,885
11,215
53,328
0,039
33,346
12,370
52,880
0,044
71.48
26.97
1.55
75,483
22,815
1,354
71.29
27.21
1.50
74,353
24,096
1,222
71,638
26,820
1,542
48
0
1
2
3
4 and more
Number of full time workers in the household
0
1
2
3 and more
Household size
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
48.75
17.13
20.68
9.89
3.56
44,878
18,486
22,491
10,835
3,311
50.60
16.14
20.35
9.28
3.63
48,184
17,078
21,556
10,071
3,110
48,510
17,202
20,713
10,299
3,276
25.94
34.18
33.58
6.30
21,160
35,282
37,215
6,343
29.51
33.47
31.24
5.78
24,490
33,900
35,337
6,274
24,518
34,224
34,406
6,852
10.38
26.02
20.85
25.10
12.15
3.62
1.87
8,867
26,207
20,708
26,427
13,080
3,554
1,158
13.30
27.14
19.51
23.73
11.38
3.32
1.62
10,501
27,431
19,901
25,544
12,349
3,259
1,015
10,456
26,144
21,159
24,986
12,308
3,556
1,391
49
e) Italia
=1
= E
= 2A
Wave
1
Balanced
panel W1
Wave
1
Balanced
panel W1
Balanced
panel W1
10.03
10.00
9.99
10.39
9.64
9.97
9.98
10.00
9.99
10.00
9,669
10,891
10,349
10,762
10,220
9,806
9,591
9,918
9,720
9,074
9.17
10.02
10.39
10.28
9.63
10.02
9.83
10.14
10.16
10.37
8,204
10,470
10,087
10,482
10,623
9,715
9,465
10,928
9,958
10,068
9,344
10,549
9,988
10,513
10,097
9,912
9,639
10,035
10,022
9,900
60.07
16.92
17.13
1.04
2.94
1.91
62,282
16,324
15,687
1,248
2,876
1,584
57.62
16.69
20.08
1.00
2.63
1.99
61,401
16,194
17,308
1,272
2,240
1,584
60,133
16,904
17,078
1,059
2,904
1,923
2.49
1.83
0.28
0.81
13.30
10.61
14.71
5.13
11.29
20.01
13.09
4.76
1.68
1,739
1,722
0,215
0,680
12,010
10,469
16,668
5,923
10,297
19,509
13,569
5,062
2,135
4.11
2.75
0.42
1.04
16.01
8.46
13.28
6.21
9.27
16.19
13.43
6.25
2.59
2,457
2,449
0,360
0,659
14,109
8,732
14,126
6,223
8,869
19,122
13,597
6,465
2,830
2,536
1,854
0,274
0,834
13,300
10,586
14,685
5,091
11,246
20,059
13,084
4,750
1,701
10.09
76.93
12.98
9,445
79,595
10,960
9.85
74.65
15.50
10,594
78,316
11,090
10,167
76,861
12,972
77.63
22.37
79,182
20,818
76.25
23.75
77,985
22,015
77,606
22,394
78.59
1.16
0.71
5.85
13.69
80,930
0,758
0,585
4,813
12,914
76.46
1.52
0.98
7.78
13.26
78,433
1,018
0,811
6,377
13,362
78,571
1,156
0,730
5,823
13,719
8.47
31.16
55.37
5.00
8,360
31,959
54,714
4,873
8.46
29.76
55.96
5.82
8,133
31,487
55,279
5,005
8,278
31,537
54,833
5,255
50
Owner
Rent
Accommodation is provided rent-free
Number of children (<18) in the household
0
1
2
3
4 and more
Number of full time workers in the household
0
1
2
3 and more
Household size
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
73.97
19.79
6.24
76,272
17,650
6,078
72.19
21.48
6.33
72,933
20,478
6,589
73,954
19,788
6,259
49.21
24.19
19.69
5.54
1.37
45,493
24,417
21,929
6,440
1,722
48.74
22.43
19.86
6.95
2.02
47,368
22,743
20,745
6,928
2,216
49,269
24,160
19,670
5,463
1,438
16.83
41.78
33.39
8.00
14,869
43,211
34,206
7,714
20.04
39.44
32.31
8.21
15,632
40,644
34,380
9,344
16,269
41,997
33,821
7,913
4.60
13.79
23.58
33.76
15.57
6.08
2.63
3,676
12,389
22,299
35,032
17,271
6,199
3,134
7.27
16.56
18.22
29.30
16.91
7.54
4.19
5,267
14,524
18,597
30,634
17,966
8,053
4,960
4,664
13,790
23,265
33,274
16,377
5,754
2,876
51
Cuadro 6
Indicadores de movilidad, olas 1-4
SUBMUESTRA k
Hart Index
Shorrocks GE(0)
Shorrocks GE(1)
Shorrocks GE(2)
Shorrocks Gini
Shorrocks Atk(1)
Bartholomew (Relative Matrices)
Bartholomew (Absolute Matrices)
Shorrocks (Relative Matrices)
Shorrocks (Absolute Matrices)
% Persons remaining in the same decile
% Persons in the same or neighbouring decile
SUBMUESTRA p
Hart Index
Shorrocks GE(0)
Shorrocks GE(1)
Shorrocks GE(2)
Shorrocks Gini
Shorrocks Atk(1)
Bartholomew (Relative Matrices)
Bartholomew (Absolute Matrices)
Shorrocks (Relative Matrices)
Shorrocks (Absolute Matrices)
% Persons remaining in the same decile
% Persons in the same or neighbouring decile
Spain
Germany
France
Italy
U. Kingdom
0.502
0.725
0.815
0.785
0.914
0.747
1.571
0.957
0.779
1.117
0.299
0.615
0.512
0.732
0.802
0.790
0.907
0.744
1.653
0.820
0.794
1.113
0.286
0.608
0.486
0.736
0.759
0.602
0.917
0.754
1.387
0.784
0.740
1.110
0.334
0.672
0.499
0.674
0.769
0.757
0.892
0.697
1.718
1.060
0.812
1.124
0.269
0.580
0.461
0.742
0.787
0.678
0.905
0.759
1.676
1.077
0.815
1.129
0.267
0.592
0.499
0.727
0.819
0.799
0.915
0.748
1.572
0.957
0.780
1.118
0.298
0.615
0.517
0.730
0.802
0.803
0.907
0.742
1.649
0.821
0.789
1.113
0.290
0.611
0.487
0.741
0.764
0.619
0.918
0.758
1.388
0.781
0.748
1.109
0.327
0.667
0.498
0.676
0.773
0.765
0.893
0.699
1.721
1.062
0.808
1.124
0.273
0.583
0.435
0.752
0.793
0.684
0.909
0.768
1.634
1.058
0.810
1.129
0.271
0.603
52
Cuadro 7
Descomposicin del ndice de Fields y Ok, olas 1-4
SUBMUESTRA k
Spain
Germany
France
Italy
United Kingdom
SUBMUESTRA p
Spain
Germany
France
Italy
United Kingdom
Mobility
0,440
0,308
0,342
0,470
0,424
0,134
0,070
0,106
0,184
0,231
0,305
0,238
0,236
0,286
0,193
0,436
0,302
0,336
0,469
0,410
0,127
0,071
0,114
0,191
0,227
0,310
0,231
0,222
0,278
0,182
53
Cuadro 8
Descomposicin de la movilidad por grupos de poblacin, olas 1-4
(submuestra k)
SPAIN
One person aged 65+
One person 30-64
One person <30
Single parent
Two adults, no kids
Two adults, 1 kid
Two adults, 2 kids
Two adults, 3 or more kids
Three adults, no kids, no <25
Three adults, no kids, <25
Three or more adults, 1 kid
Three or more adults, 2 kids
Three or more adults, 3 kids
Wages and salaries
Income from self-employment
Pensions
Unemployment benefits
Any other social benefits
Private income
<30
30-64
Aged 65+
Male
Female
Pi
2,48
1,33
0,11
1,06
13,51
8,25
16,38
6,25
9,65
15,55
14,91
7,07
3,44
59,04
12,23
17,10
4,63
5,28
1,73
11,10
73,99
14,91
79,91
20,09
Mi
0,26
0,48
0,57
0,69
0,36
0,49
0,39
0,48
0,38
0,48
0,46
0,49
0,57
0,35
0,79
0,32
0,58
0,60
1,24
0,53
0,45
0,33
0,43
0,48
Ci
1,49
1,46
0,14
1,67
10,95
9,27
14,68
6,88
8,24
17,13
15,73
7,91
4,44
47,20
22,05
12,59
6,10
7,18
4,89
13,32
75,64
11,04
78,15
21,85
GERMANY
Ci/Pi
0,60
1,10
1,31
1,58
0,81
1,12
0,90
1,10
0,85
1,10
1,05
1,12
1,29
0,80
1,80
0,74
1,32
1,36
2,82
1,20
1,02
0,74
0,98
1,09
Pi
2,76
3,34
1,44
2,35
22,34
13,99
17,79
8,29
5,20
9,88
8,00
2,84
1,77
73,91
5,46
10,96
3,64
2,10
3,93
15,58
75,35
9,07
73,63
26,37
Mi
0,33
0,38
0,52
0,55
0,35
0,29
0,22
0,27
0,39
0,30
0,28
0,25
0,28
0,25
0,35
0,28
0,39
0,87
1,11
0,33
0,31
0,29
0,26
0,44
Ci
3,00
4,16
2,44
4,22
25,57
13,07
12,97
7,14
6,57
9,68
7,25
2,33
1,61
59,01
6,24
10,07
4,62
5,93
14,13
16,89
74,62
8,49
62,15
37,85
FRANCE
Ci/Pi
1,09
1,24
1,69
1,80
1,14
0,93
0,73
0,86
1,26
0,98
0,91
0,82
0,91
0,80
1,14
0,92
1,27
2,82
3,59
1,08
0,99
0,94
0,84
1,44
Pi
3,55
4,00
1,74
3,61
21,04
10,61
18,26
11,76
3,58
8,78
6,90
3,89
2,27
65,48
7,62
16,79
1,53
6,61
1,97
11,31
76,48
12,21
74,50
25,50
Mi
0,29
0,40
0,77
0,31
0,33
0,36
0,28
0,30
0,32
0,45
0,38
0,34
0,29
0,31
0,39
0,29
0,37
0,46
1,43
0,44
0,34
0,28
0,33
0,37
Ci
2,96
4,73
3,92
3,27
20,38
11,04
15,12
10,36
3,30
11,54
7,57
3,88
1,92
58,36
8,67
14,15
1,68
8,87
8,26
14,59
75,29
10,13
72,07
27,93
ITALY
Ci/Pi
0,83
1,18
2,25
0,91
0,97
1,04
0,83
0,88
0,92
1,31
1,10
1,00
0,85
0,89
1,14
0,84
1,10
1,34
4,19
1,29
0,98
0,83
0,97
1,10
Pi
2,16
1,67
0,27
0,76
12,92
10,52
15,48
5,37
11,00
19,78
13,27
4,98
1,81
60,96
16,66
16,65
1,12
2,84
1,78
9,65
77,90
12,45
78,04
21,96
Mi
0,38
0,41
0,59
0,60
0,40
0,46
0,49
0,52
0,46
0,49
0,48
0,49
0,51
0,37
0,77
0,41
0,86
0,66
1,17
0,54
0,47
0,43
0,46
0,49
Ci
1,77
1,45
0,34
0,97
11,00
10,20
16,16
5,90
10,73
20,71
13,62
5,18
1,97
47,88
27,13
14,56
2,05
3,95
4,43
11,16
77,33
11,51
77,02
22,98
U. KINGDO
Ci/Pi
0,82
0,87
1,26
1,28
0,85
0,97
1,04
1,10
0,98
1,05
1,03
1,04
1,09
0,79
1,63
0,87
1,83
1,39
2,49
1,16
0,99
0,92
0,99
1,05
Pi
Mi
Ci
4,74 0,30 3,3
3,91 0,39 3,6
1,28 0,91 2,7
5,10 0,38 4,6
24,46 0,39 22,7
10,66 0,42 10,4
17,44 0,41 16,8
11,13 0,55 14,3
4,40 0,36 3,7
7,44 0,45 7,84
5,70 0,40 5,3
2,65 0,46 2,9
1,09 0,49 1,2
59,98 0,37 52,0
10,34 0,43 10,4
13,88 0,31 10,2
0,72 0,71 1,2
13,21 0,70 21,8
1,87 0,94 4,1
16,03 0,60 22,8
71,15 0,40 67,5
12,82 0,32 9,64
63,62 0,36 53,3
36,38 0,54 46,6
Pj= % of sample in group j, Mj=group j mobility, Cj= group j relative contribution to mobility.
54
(cont.)
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Never married
Recognised third level educ.
Second stage of secondary
Less than second stage
Owner
Paying rent
Rent-free accommodation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
77,07
1,71
0,87
6,85
13,50
18,79
12,86
68,35
81,63
11,88
6,48
3,93
13,87
18,96
31,68
17,97
8,02
5,58
0,43
0,60
0,43
0,41
0,47
0,38
0,49
0,45
0,43
0,46
0,48
0,35
0,36
0,45
0,42
0,46
0,53
0,55
75,89
2,33
0,86
6,45
14,47
16,06
14,41
69,53
80,67
12,31
7,02
3,09
11,33
19,53
30,46
18,89
9,71
6,98
0,98
1,36
0,99
0,94
1,07
0,85
1,12
1,02
0,99
1,04
1,08
0,79
0,82
1,03
0,96
1,05
1,21
1,25
75,38
1,63
5,08
4,41
13,28
25,71
54,28
19,26
40,97
56,42
2,57
7,55
23,52
24,79
27,93
10,79
3,15
2,28
0,28
0,52
0,40
0,41
0,35
0,29
0,31
0,32
0,29
0,32
0,31
0,39
0,36
0,32
0,25
0,27
0,29
0,30
69,37
2,77
6,63
5,90
15,09
23,84
55,05
20,12
38,85
58,47
2,63
9,60
27,49
25,62
22,81
9,34
2,92
2,22
0,92
1,70
1,30
1,34
1,14
0,93
1,01
1,04
0,95
1,04
1,02
1,27
1,17
1,03
0,82
0,87
0,93
0,97
72,38
0,89
6,70
5,27
14,74
21,09
38,84
37,00
61,18
34,73
4,08
9,29
22,64
19,52
27,08
14,15
5,08
2,24
0,33
0,54
0,30
0,38
0,39
0,39
0,33
0,31
0,34
0,35
0,36
0,43
0,33
0,37
0,31
0,34
0,35
0,21
70,12
1,41
5,89
5,80
16,76
23,82
37,18
33,66
60,42
35,29
4,28
11,61
21,87
21,00
24,75
14,14
5,25
1,38
0,97
1,59
0,88
1,10
1,14
1,13
0,96
0,91
0,99
1,02
1,05
1,25
0,97
1,08
0,91
1,00
1,03
0,62
79,69
0,93
0,65
5,45
13,27
8,28
31,73
54,92
75,05
18,74
6,21
4,10
13,39
23,04
34,53
16,06
6,03
2,85
0,47
0,61
0,35
0,49
0,48
0,39
0,41
0,51
0,48
0,44
0,45
0,41
0,41
0,47
0,49
0,46
0,55
0,52
79,25
1,22
0,49
5,63
13,41
6,84
27,62
59,53
76,47
17,63
5,90
3,56
11,69
22,95
35,79
15,85
7,04
3,13
0,99
0,77
0,75
1,03
1,01
0,83
0,87
1,08
1,02
0,94
0,95
0,87
0,87
1,00
1,04
0,99
1,17
1,10
67,62
2,48
8,16
6,02
15,65
33,70
11,73
52,77
73,95
24,12
1,44
9,93
26,36
20,38
25,85
12,42
3,58
1,48
0,40
0,47
0,48
0,36
0,53
0,40
0,43
0,43
0,39
0,50
0,47
0,41
0,40
0,40
0,41
0,52
0,50
0,48
Pj= % of sample in group j, Mj=group j mobility, Cj= group j relative contribution to mobility.
55
63,3
2,7
9,1
5,1
19,5
31,5
11,9
53,7
68,3
28,7
1,6
9,7
24,7
19,4
25,0
15,1
4,22
1,6
Cuadro 9
Descomposicin de la movilidad por grupos de poblacin, olas 1-4
(submuestra p)
SPAIN
One person aged 65+
One person 30-64
One person <30
Single parent
Two adults, no kids
Two adults, 1 kid
Two adults, 2 kids
Two adults, 3 or more kids
Three adults, no kids, no <25
Three adults, no kids, <25
Three or more adults, 1 kid
Three or more adults, 2 kids
Three or more adults, 3 kids
Wages and salaries
Income from self-employment
Pensions
Unemployment benefits
Any other social benefits
Private income
<30
30-64
Aged 65+
Male
Female
Pi
2,22
1,44
0,10
1,02
13,94
8,93
15,98
6,67
9,59
14,61
14,85
7,27
3,37
58,59
12,60
17,05
4,97
5,32
1,46
11,54
73,83
14,63
80,71
19,29
Mi
0,25
0,44
0,74
0,65
0,33
0,52
0,40
0,48
0,37
0,49
0,47
0,49
0,52
0,34
0,82
0,32
0,59
0,62
1,29
0,52
0,45
0,32
0,42
0,50
Ci
1,25
1,47
0,16
1,52
10,65
10,58
14,51
7,29
8,06
16,37
16,02
8,09
4,02
45,32
23,71
12,37
6,75
7,52
4,32
13,85
75,41
10,74
77,99
22,01
GERMANY
Ci/Pi
0,56
1,02
1,69
1,49
0,76
1,18
0,91
1,09
0,84
1,12
1,08
1,11
1,19
0,77
1,88
0,73
1,36
1,41
2,95
1,20
1,02
0,73
0,97
1,14
Pi
2,36
3,48
1,41
2,23
22,13
14,52
18,84
8,23
5,09
9,70
7,32
2,99
1,70
75,02
5,37
10,00
3,42
2,08
4,10
15,17
76,87
7,96
74,29
25,71
Mi
0,31
0,41
0,51
0,47
0,36
0,28
0,22
0,26
0,38
0,30
0,27
0,24
0,29
0,24
0,34
0,27
0,37
0,80
1,14
0,33
0,30
0,28
0,26
0,43
Ci
2,46
4,77
2,39
3,46
26,19
13,47
13,43
7,13
6,46
9,75
6,48
2,37
1,64
59,74
6,11
9,01
4,14
5,49
15,51
16,57
76,01
7,42
63,10
36,90
FRANCE
Ci/Pi
1,04
1,37
1,69
1,55
1,18
0,93
0,71
0,87
1,27
1,00
0,89
0,79
0,97
0,80
1,14
0,90
1,21
2,65
3,78
1,09
0,99
0,93
0,85
1,44
Pi
3,11
4,01
1,42
3,56
21,22
10,72
19,56
12,15
3,85
8,66
6,46
3,39
1,90
66,88
7,62
16,58
1,33
5,79
1,80
10,96
77,51
11,53
74,88
25,12
Mi
0,27
0,41
0,68
0,31
0,32
0,37
0,27
0,30
0,31
0,43
0,40
0,29
0,35
0,30
0,38
0,30
0,36
0,45
1,51
0,42
0,33
0,29
0,33
0,36
Ci
2,50
4,94
2,87
3,30
20,12
11,95
16,01
10,95
3,53
11,21
7,67
2,96
1,99
59,44
8,73
14,64
1,43
7,67
8,08
13,86
76,30
9,84
73,13
26,87
ITALY
Ci/Pi
0,80
1,23
2,03
0,93
0,95
1,11
0,82
0,90
0,92
1,29
1,19
0,87
1,05
0,89
1,15
0,88
1,07
1,33
4,48
1,26
0,98
0,85
0,98
1,07
Pi
1,74
1,72
0,22
0,68
12,01
10,47
16,67
5,92
10,30
19,51
13,57
5,06
2,14
62,28
16,32
15,69
1,25
2,88
1,58
9,44
79,60
10,96
79,18
20,82
Mi
0,36
0,43
0,71
0,54
0,40
0,44
0,48
0,51
0,45
0,50
0,49
0,52
0,43
0,36
0,80
0,40
0,90
0,70
1,12
0,53
0,47
0,42
0,47
0,48
Ci
1,32
1,59
0,32
0,78
10,16
9,89
17,22
6,42
9,89
20,68
14,16
5,58
1,98
48,22
27,89
13,41
2,40
4,29
3,79
10,65
79,42
9,93
78,54
21,46
U. KINGDO
Ci/Pi
0,76
0,93
1,50
1,15
0,85
0,95
1,03
1,08
0,96
1,06
1,04
1,10
0,93
0,77
1,71
0,85
1,92
1,49
2,39
1,13
1,00
0,91
0,99
1,03
Pi
Mi
Ci
3,75 0,29 2,6
3,92 0,35 3,3
1,18 0,76 2,1
4,97 0,38 4,6
24,39 0,39 23,0
10,97 0,40 10,6
18,17 0,40 17,9
11,89 0,54 15,6
4,23 0,34 3,5
7,41 0,42 7,5
5,68 0,36 5,0
2,54 0,43 2,6
0,89 0,46 1,0
61,77 0,35 53,2
10,58 0,41 10,5
12,41 0,31 9,3
0,68 0,70 1,1
12,91 0,71 22,3
1,66 0,82 3,32
15,66 0,58 22,1
73,18 0,39 69,1
11,16 0,32 8,6
64,85 0,34 53,6
35,15 0,54 46,4
Pj= % of sample in group j, Mj=group j mobility, Cj= group j relative contribution to mobility.
56
(cont.)
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Never married
Recognised third level educ.
Second stage of secondary
Less than second stage
Owner
Paying rent
Rent-free accommodation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
78,14
1,07
0,74
6,78
13,28
18,00
13,52
68,48
82,20
10,95
6,86
3,76
14,30
19,16
31,75
17,47
7,88
5,66
0,43
0,64
0,38
0,43
0,48
0,38
0,49
0,44
0,43
0,46
0,53
0,33
0,33
0,46
0,43
0,45
0,55
0,54
76,41
1,56
0,65
6,71
14,67
15,64
15,05
69,32
80,32
11,43
8,25
2,89
10,96
20,14
31,15
17,85
10,01
7,00
0,98
1,46
0,88
0,99
1,11
0,87
1,11
1,01
0,98
1,04
1,20
0,77
0,77
1,05
0,98
1,02
1,27
1,24
76,24
1,52
4,85
4,01
13,20
26,55
54,68
18,04
41,69
55,93
2,36
7,25
23,26
25,12
28,49
10,58
3,04
2,25
0,28
0,46
0,38
0,42
0,35
0,28
0,31
0,31
0,29
0,31
0,30
0,40
0,36
0,31
0,24
0,26
0,29
0,29
70,59
2,33
6,04
5,60
15,16
24,49
55,90
18,49
40,00
57,64
2,31
9,61
27,76
25,98
22,40
9,12
2,96
2,16
0,93
1,53
1,25
1,40
1,15
0,92
1,02
1,02
0,96
1,03
0,98
1,33
1,19
1,03
0,79
0,86
0,97
0,96
73,50
0,84
6,21
4,96
14,45
21,88
39,13
36,44
62,63
33,44
3,93
8,54
22,73
19,87
28,42
14,20
4,64
1,59
0,33
0,53
0,27
0,40
0,37
0,37
0,33
0,31
0,34
0,33
0,33
0,41
0,32
0,38
0,30
0,34
0,34
0,24
71,85
1,33
5,05
5,85
15,88
24,24
37,95
33,24
63,75
32,36
3,89
10,32
21,40
22,33
25,70
14,48
4,65
1,13
0,98
1,59
0,81
1,18
1,10
1,11
0,97
0,91
1,02
0,97
0,99
1,21
0,94
1,12
0,90
1,02
1,00
0,71
80,93
0,76
0,59
4,81
12,91
8,36
31,96
54,71
76,27
17,65
6,08
3,68
12,39
22,30
35,03
17,27
6,20
3,13
0,47
0,56
0,37
0,51
0,46
0,37
0,40
0,51
0,48
0,45
0,44
0,41
0,40
0,46
0,48
0,48
0,52
0,54
80,66
0,90
0,46
5,22
12,75
6,65
27,12
59,75
77,37
16,90
5,73
3,24
10,62
21,69
36,20
17,70
6,94
3,62
1,00
1,19
0,79
1,09
0,99
0,80
0,85
1,09
1,01
0,96
0,94
0,88
0,86
0,97
1,03
1,02
1,12
1,15
Pj= % of sample in group j, Mj=group j mobility, Cj= group j relative contribution to mobility.
57
Cuadro 10
Indicadores de movilidad, olas 1-8
Spain
Germany
France
Italy
U. Kingdom
0.593
0.665
0.752
0.723
0.876
0.687
2.015
1.575
0.867
1.148
0.220
0.503
0.593
0.687
0.751
0.752
0.875
0.699
1.971
1.094
0.853
1.136
0.232
0.524
0.588
0.713
0.738
0.595
0.896
0.730
1.672
1.047
0.820
1.132
0.262
0.594
0.541
0.644
0.729
0.719
0.867
0.666
2.002
1.456
0.885
1.145
0.204
0.498
0.589
0.668
0.709
0.629
0.858
0.686
2.122
1.566
0.893
1.151
0.197
0.475
0.591
0.669
0.755
0.728
0.879
0.693
2.087
1.709
0.877
1.151
0.211
0.477
0.566
0.689
0.752
0.746
0.878
0.702
1.882
1.068
0.830
1.136
0.253
0.546
0.603
0.709
0.732
0.593
0.894
0.725
1.738
1.078
0.839
1.134
0.245
0.574
0.517
0.652
0.732
0.720
0.869
0.674
1.964
1.447
0.873
1.145
0.214
0.503
0.571
0.683
0.724
0.646
0.865
0.701
2.070
1.500
0.890
1.148
0.199
0.489
0.601
0.662
0.748
0.714
0.875
0.684
2.027
1.577
0.871
1.148
0.217
0.498
0.582
0.713
0.787
0.795
0.882
0.726
1.970
1.103
0.856
1.137
0.230
0.521
0.598
0.705
0.724
0.554
0.894
0.722
1.688
1.070
0.822
1.134
0.260
0.592
0.543
0.647
0.730
0.718
0.868
0.669
2.001
1.452
0.885
1.145
0.204
0.497
0.591
0.673
0.716
0.642
0.860
0.692
2.127
1.583
0.897
1.151
0.192
0.477
il = 1
Hart Index
Shorrocks GE(0)
Shorrocks GE(1)
Shorrocks GE(2)
Shorrocks Gini
Shorrocks Atk(1)
Bartholomew (Relative Matrices)
Bartholomew (Absolute Matrices)
Shorrocks (Relative Matrices)
Shorrocks (Absolute Matrices)
% Persons remaining in the same decile
% Persons in the same or neighbouring decile
il = E
Hart Index
Shorrocks GE(0)
Shorrocks GE(1)
Shorrocks GE(2)
Shorrocks Gini
Shorrocks Atk(1)
Bartholomew (Relative Matrices)
Bartholomew (Absolute Matrices)
Shorrocks (Relative Matrices)
Shorrocks (Absolute Matrices)
% Persons remaining in the same decile
% Persons in the same or neighbouring decile
il = 2A
Hart Index
Shorrocks GE(0)
Shorrocks GE(1)
Shorrocks GE(2)
Shorrocks Gini
Shorrocks Atk(1)
Bartholomew (Relative Matrices)
Bartholomew (Absolute Matrices)
Shorrocks (Relative Matrices)
Shorrocks (Absolute Matrices)
% Persons remaining in the same decile
% Persons in the same or neighbouring decile
58
Cuadro 11
Descomposicin del ndice de Fields y Ok, olas 1-8
Mobility
0.612
0.375
0.415
0.582
0.585
0.456
0.170
0.210
0.418
0.417
0.156
0.205
0.205
0.164
0.168
0.661
0.377
0.422
0.555
0.564
0.513
0.179
0.218
0.399
0.395
0.148
0.199
0.204
0.156
0.170
0.614
0.391
0.426
0.578
0.597
0.457
0.189
0.222
0.408
0.433
0.156
0.202
0.204
0.170
0.164
=1
l
i
Spain
Germany
France
Italy
United Kingdom
il = E
Spain
Germany
France
Italy
United Kingdom
il = 2A
Spain
Germany
France
Italy
United Kingdom
59
Cuadro 12
Descomposicin de la movilidad por grupos de poblacin, olas 1-8
( il = 1)
SPAIN
One person aged 65+
One person 30-64
One person <30
Single parent
Two adults, no kids
Two adults, 1 kid
Two adults, 2 kids
Two adults, 3 or more kids
Three adults, no kids, no <25
Three adults, no kids, <25
Three or more adults, 1 kid
Three or more adults, 2 kids
Three or more adults, 3 kids
Wages and salaries
Income from self-employment
Pensions
Unemployment benefits
Any other social benefits
Private income
<30
30-64
Aged 65+
Male
Female
Pi
2.22
1.44
0.10
1.02
13.94
8.93
15.98
6.67
9.59
14.61
14.85
7.27
3.37
58.59
12.60
17.05
4.97
5.32
1.46
11.54
73.83
14.63
80.71
19.29
Mi
0.34
0.55
1.23
0.67
0.45
0.54
0.57
0.61
0.49
0.72
0.73
0.83
0.78
0.52
0.90
0.50
0.79
0.85
1.50
0.70
0.63
0.47
0.60
0.65
Ci
1.22
1.30
0.20
1.12
10.17
7.86
14.75
6.70
7.73
17.26
17.59
9.81
4.28
50.16
18.49
13.92
6.40
7.43
3.60
13.20
75.67
11.13
79.54
20.46
GERMANY
Ci/Pi
0.55
0.90
2.01
1.10
0.73
0.88
0.92
1.00
0.81
1.18
1.18
1.35
1.27
0.86
1.47
0.82
1.29
1.40
2.46
1.14
1.02
0.76
0.99
1.06
Pi
2.36
3.48
1.41
2.23
22.13
14.52
18.84
8.23
5.09
9.70
7.32
2.99
1.70
75.02
5.37
10.00
3.42
2.08
4.10
15.17
76.87
7.96
74.29
25.71
Mi
0.37
0.47
0.63
0.62
0.43
0.35
0.32
0.29
0.40
0.37
0.38
0.28
0.29
0.32
0.40
0.34
0.45
0.91
1.14
0.40
0.37
0.35
0.33
0.52
Ci
2.31
4.35
2.38
3.70
25.24
13.52
15.98
6.32
5.49
9.64
7.52
2.22
1.33
63.70
5.73
9.01
4.09
5.04
12.43
16.29
76.29
7.42
64.55
35.45
FRANCE
Ci/Pi
0.98
1.25
1.68
1.66
1.14
0.93
0.85
0.77
1.08
0.99
1.03
0.74
0.78
0.85
1.07
0.90
1.20
2.43
3.03
1.07
0.99
0.93
0.87
1.38
Pi
3.11
4.01
1.42
3.56
21.22
10.72
19.56
12.15
3.85
8.66
6.46
3.39
1.90
66.88
7.62
16.58
1.33
5.79
1.80
10.96
77.51
11.53
74.88
25.12
Mi
0.28
0.45
0.92
0.41
0.36
0.46
0.35
0.41
0.36
0.53
0.52
0.48
0.36
0.39
0.50
0.30
0.42
0.58
1.67
0.51
0.42
0.30
0.41
0.43
Ci
2.12
4.33
3.14
3.48
18.23
11.93
16.48
12.12
3.36
11.13
8.14
3.91
1.64
62.19
9.13
12.00
1.36
8.06
7.26
13.50
78.14
8.36
74.17
25.83
ITALY
Ci/Pi
0.68
1.08
2.22
0.98
0.86
1.11
0.84
1.00
0.87
1.29
1.26
1.15
0.86
0.93
1.20
0.72
1.02
1.39
4.02
1.23
1.01
0.73
0.99
1.03
Pi
1.74
1.72
0.22
0.68
12.01
10.47
16.67
5.92
10.30
19.51
13.57
5.06
2.14
62.28
16.32
15.69
1.25
2.88
1.58
9.44
79.60
10.96
79.18
20.82
Mi
0.46
0.52
0.67
0.58
0.47
0.53
0.53
0.61
0.57
0.68
0.68
0.57
0.56
0.48
0.84
0.56
0.88
0.86
1.29
0.65
0.58
0.57
0.58
0.59
Ci
1.36
1.55
0.25
0.68
9.71
9.45
15.04
6.19
10.05
22.96
15.78
4.93
2.05
51.55
23.65
15.12
1.90
4.27
3.51
10.57
78.65
10.78
78.72
21.28
U. KINGDO
Ci/Pi
0.78
0.90
1.15
0.99
0.81
0.90
0.90
1.05
0.98
1.18
1.16
0.97
0.96
0.83
1.45
0.96
1.52
1.49
2.22
1.12
0.99
0.98
0.99
1.02
Pi
Mi
Ci
3.75 0.43 2.7
3.92 0.48 3.1
1.18 1.26 2.54
4.97 0.71 5.9
24.39 0.48 20.0
10.97 0.55 10.4
18.17 0.61 18.8
11.89 0.79 16.1
4.23 0.39 2.8
7.41 0.60 7.54
5.68 0.57 5.5
2.54 0.69 3.0
0.89 0.73 1.1
61.77 0.52 55.0
10.58 0.60 10.9
12.41 0.42 8.8
0.68 0.97 1.1
12.91 0.94 20.8
1.66 1.13 3.2
15.66 0.77 20.6
73.18 0.57 71.2
11.16 0.43 8.12
64.85 0.52 57.2
35.15 0.71 42.7
Pj= % of sample in group j, Mj=group j mobility, Cj= group j relative contribution to mobility.
60
(cont.)
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Never married
Recognised third level educ.
Second stage of secondary
Less than second stage
Owner
Paying rent
Rent-free accommodation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
78.14
1.07
0.74
6.78
13.28
18.00
13.52
68.48
82.20
10.95
6.86
3.76
14.30
19.16
31.75
17.47
7.88
5.66
0.61
0.73
0.55
0.56
0.64
0.49
0.61
0.65
0.60
0.61
0.73
0.44
0.45
0.55
0.62
0.67
0.79
0.84
77.88
1.27
0.66
6.24
13.95
14.30
13.39
72.31
80.93
10.85
8.21
2.72
10.49
17.36
32.32
19.22
10.16
7.73
1.00
1.19
0.90
0.92
1.05
0.79
0.99
1.06
0.98
0.99
1.20
0.72
0.73
0.91
1.02
1.10
1.29
1.36
76.24
1.52
4.85
4.01
13.20
26.55
54.68
18.04
41.69
55.93
2.36
7.25
23.26
25.12
28.49
10.58
3.04
2.25
0.35
0.65
0.44
0.45
0.42
0.36
0.38
0.36
0.36
0.38
0.38
0.47
0.44
0.38
0.34
0.31
0.31
0.27
71.72
2.65
5.74
4.79
14.88
25.67
55.98
17.56
40.35
57.23
2.41
9.03
27.11
25.14
25.76
8.81
2.54
1.60
0.94
1.75
1.18
1.20
1.13
0.97
1.02
0.97
0.97
1.02
1.02
1.25
1.17
1.00
0.90
0.83
0.84
0.71
73.50
0.84
6.21
4.96
14.45
21.88
39.13
36.44
62.63
33.44
3.93
8.54
22.73
19.87
28.42
14.20
4.64
1.59
0.41
0.60
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.47
0.40
0.37
0.41
0.42
0.46
0.47
0.36
0.45
0.40
0.44
0.51
0.22
72.13
1.22
5.74
4.96
15.90
24.63
37.67
32.71
62.18
33.49
4.33
9.59
19.43
21.70
27.59
15.12
5.73
0.83
0.98
1.46
0.92
1.00
1.10
1.13
0.96
0.90
0.99
1.00
1.10
1.12
0.86
1.09
0.97
1.06
1.23
0.52
80.93
0.76
0.59
4.81
12.91
8.36
31.96
54.71
76.27
17.65
6.08
3.68
12.39
22.30
35.03
17.27
6.20
3.13
0.57
0.61
0.46
0.63
0.62
0.44
0.51
0.64
0.58
0.60
0.53
0.50
0.48
0.56
0.60
0.63
0.64
0.62
79.88
0.80
0.46
5.20
13.66
6.29
27.88
59.79
76.40
18.06
5.54
3.16
10.16
21.46
36.37
18.70
6.83
3.32
0.99
1.06
0.79
1.08
1.06
0.75
0.87
1.09
1.00
1.02
0.91
0.86
0.82
0.96
1.04
1.08
1.10
1.06
Pj= % of sample in group j, Mj=group j mobility, Cj= group j relative contribution to mobility.
61
Cuadro 13
Descomposicin de la movilidad por grupos de poblacin, olas 1-8
( il = E )
SPAIN
One person aged 65+
One person 30-64
One person <30
Single parent
Two adults, no kids
Two adults, 1 kid
Two adults, 2 kids
Two adults, 3 or more kids
Three adults, no kids, no <25
Three adults, no kids, <25
Three or more adults, 1 kid
Three or more adults, 2 kids
Three or more adults, 3 kids
Wages and salaries
Income from self-employment
Pensions
Unemployment benefits
Any other social benefits
Private income
<30
30-64
Aged 65+
Male
Female
Pi
1.37
1.05
0.03
0.46
10.89
6.99
13.93
8.25
8.31
14.66
17.47
10.66
5.92
61.24
14.15
11.88
4.80
4.74
3.19
13.94
75.60
10.46
81.29
18.71
Mi
0.32
0.50
1.62
0.66
0.45
0.50
0.56
0.63
0.52
0.80
0.78
0.85
0.78
0.57
0.92
0.51
0.75
0.84
1.42
0.74
0.67
0.48
0.65
0.72
Ci
0.67
0.80
0.08
0.46
7.38
5.34
11.84
7.83
6.50
17.82
20.49
13.77
7.01
52.77
19.75
9.15
5.43
6.03
6.85
15.59
76.74
7.67
79.66
20.34
GERMANY
Ci/Pi
0.49
0.76
2.45
1.00
0.68
0.76
0.85
0.95
0.78
1.22
1.17
1.29
1.18
0.86
1.40
0.77
1.13
1.27
2.15
1.12
1.02
0.73
0.98
1.09
Pi
4.57
6.30
2.17
1.03
18.61
10.93
15.57
7.28
7.14
12.04
8.89
3.56
1.93
69.64
5.77
13.86
3.36
1.86
5.51
13.66
75.09
11.25
72.71
27.29
Mi
0.42
0.44
0.55
0.63
0.43
0.38
0.34
0.29
0.40
0.35
0.38
0.20
0.23
0.32
0.41
0.33
0.45
0.91
0.92
0.42
0.37
0.37
0.33
0.51
Ci
5.14
7.38
3.14
1.71
21.00
11.06
14.09
5.67
7.50
11.16
9.06
1.91
1.19
59.73
6.28
11.96
4.04
4.49
13.50
15.09
73.89
11.02
63.30
36.70
FRANCE
Ci/Pi
1.12
1.17
1.45
1.66
1.13
1.01
0.91
0.78
1.05
0.93
1.02
0.54
0.62
0.86
1.09
0.86
1.20
2.42
2.45
1.10
0.98
0.98
0.87
1.35
Pi
2.67
2.77
1.20
2.25
20.31
12.15
18.58
10.25
5.58
10.50
7.47
4.06
2.20
68.55
7.43
16.34
1.15
4.86
1.67
13.29
75.22
11.49
76.39
23.61
Mi
0.28
0.44
0.87
0.40
0.36
0.46
0.35
0.40
0.43
0.54
0.53
0.48
0.34
0.40
0.49
0.33
0.40
0.54
1.73
0.49
0.43
0.31
0.42
0.44
Ci
1.80
2.89
2.49
2.12
17.17
13.35
15.56
9.82
5.64
13.36
9.46
4.58
1.77
64.27
8.66
12.89
1.10
6.22
6.86
15.54
76.02
8.44
75.15
24.85
ITALY
Ci/Pi
0.67
1.04
2.07
0.94
0.85
1.10
0.84
0.96
1.01
1.27
1.27
1.13
0.81
0.94
1.17
0.79
0.96
1.28
4.10
1.17
1.01
0.73
0.98
1.05
Pi
2.46
2.45
0.36
0.66
14.11
8.73
14.13
6.22
8.87
19.12
13.60
6.46
2.83
61.40
16.19
17.31
1.27
2.24
1.58
10.59
78.32
11.09
77.98
22.02
Mi
0.48
0.52
0.59
0.56
0.44
0.52
0.50
0.59
0.55
0.64
0.64
0.55
0.61
0.48
0.77
0.53
0.82
0.78
1.11
0.60
0.55
0.54
0.55
0.58
Ci
2.13
2.30
0.38
0.67
11.19
8.20
12.75
6.57
8.72
21.97
15.62
6.38
3.13
52.69
22.55
16.54
1.89
3.15
3.18
11.46
77.77
10.77
77.07
22.93
U. KINGDO
Ci/Pi
0.87
0.94
1.06
1.02
0.79
0.94
0.90
1.06
0.98
1.15
1.15
0.99
1.10
0.86
1.39
0.96
1.48
1.41
2.01
1.08
0.99
0.97
0.99
1.04
Pi
Mi
Ci
5.44 0.43 4.1
4.04 0.47 3.3
1.00 1.18 2.0
4.79 0.66 5.6
25.73 0.45 20.6
9.90 0.52 9.1
17.64 0.62 19.2
11.00 0.80 15.5
4.53 0.39 3.1
7.44 0.57 7.54
5.46 0.58 5.5
2.29 0.68 2.7
0.71 0.75 0.9
58.78 0.51 52.6
10.27 0.61 11.0
15.67 0.41 11.3
0.76 0.96 1.2
12.81 0.91 20.6
1.72 1.03 3.1
13.88 0.73 17.9
71.58 0.56 71.2
14.54 0.42 10.8
64.12 0.50 57.1
35.88 0.67 42.8
Pj= % of sample in group j, Mj=group j mobility, Cj= group j relative contribution to mobility.
62
(cont.)
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Never married
Recognised third level educ.
Second stage of secondary
Less than second stage
Owner
Paying rent
Rent-free accommodation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
78.72
0.72
0.73
5.22
14.61
20.83
13.59
65.58
82.79
10.70
6.51
2.46
11.12
13.00
25.68
19.86
12.79
15.09
0.66
0.73
0.47
0.57
0.71
0.61
0.61
0.69
0.66
0.64
0.72
0.42
0.45
0.54
0.62
0.66
0.78
0.92
78.53
0.79
0.52
4.52
15.64
19.23
12.46
68.31
82.61
10.32
7.06
1.55
7.55
10.64
24.06
19.94
15.14
21.11
1.00
1.10
0.71
0.87
1.07
0.92
0.92
1.04
1.00
0.96
1.08
0.63
0.68
0.82
0.94
1.00
1.18
1.40
71.73
1.19
4.36
5.40
17.22
26.24
57.22
15.81
49.38
48.12
2.44
13.05
19.24
20.68
26.87
13.98
2.89
3.29
0.36
0.57
0.41
0.49
0.39
0.38
0.38
0.35
0.36
0.39
0.39
0.45
0.43
0.40
0.36
0.28
0.33
0.18
68.51
1.78
4.77
6.96
17.82
26.58
58.01
14.56
47.44
50.01
2.51
15.66
22.14
22.05
25.62
10.43
2.50
1.60
0.96
1.50
1.09
1.29
1.03
1.01
1.01
0.92
0.96
1.04
1.03
1.20
1.15
1.07
0.95
0.75
0.86
0.49
75.24
0.65
4.98
4.40
14.70
22.34
39.17
35.94
61.20
34.57
4.24
6.64
21.32
21.88
29.22
14.63
4.45
1.86
0.42
0.57
0.38
0.42
0.44
0.47
0.41
0.38
0.42
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.36
0.45
0.41
0.47
0.49
0.26
74.99
0.88
4.47
4.37
15.25
24.88
37.88
32.11
61.38
34.10
4.52
7.18
17.94
23.52
28.64
16.40
5.14
1.17
1.00
1.35
0.90
0.99
1.04
1.11
0.97
0.89
1.00
0.99
1.07
1.08
0.84
1.08
0.98
1.12
1.16
0.63
78.43
1.02
0.81
6.38
13.36
8.13
31.49
55.28
72.93
20.48
6.59
5.27
14.52
18.60
30.63
17.97
8.05
4.96
0.54
0.50
0.42
0.62
0.60
0.46
0.49
0.60
0.55
0.57
0.52
0.51
0.44
0.54
0.57
0.61
0.61
0.59
76.81
0.91
0.62
7.17
14.49
6.72
27.90
59.67
72.93
20.89
6.18
4.82
11.63
18.04
31.75
19.64
8.83
5.28
0.98
0.90
0.77
1.12
1.08
0.83
0.89
1.08
1.00
1.02
0.94
0.91
0.80
0.97
1.04
1.09
1.10
1.07
70.37
2.12
7.08
6.28
14.05
33.88
11.22
53.33
74.35
24.10
1.22
10.50
27.43
19.90
25.54
12.35
3.26
1.02
0.55
0.58
0.68
0.44
0.64
0.52
0.62
0.58
0.52
0.67
0.76
0.52
0.46
0.51
0.61
0.77
0.70
0.71
Pj= % of sample in group j, Mj=group j mobility, Cj= group j relative contribution to mobility.
63
68.41
2.17
8.53
4.92
15.93
31.28
12.25
54.84
69.11
28.41
1.65
9.69
22.41
18.14
27.63
16.80
4.05
1.28
Cuadro 14
Descomposicin de la movilidad por grupos de poblacin, olas 1-8
( il = 2A )
SPAIN
One person aged 65+
One person 30-64
One person <30
Single parent
Two adults, no kids
Two adults, 1 kid
Two adults, 2 kids
Two adults, 3 or more kids
Three adults, no kids, no <25
Three adults, no kids, <25
Three or more adults, 1 kid
Three or more adults, 2 kids
Three or more adults, 3 kids
Wages and salaries
Income from self-employment
Pensions
Unemployment benefits
Any other social benefits
Private income
<30
30-64
Aged 65+
Male
Female
Pi
2.65
1.49
0.20
0.94
14.16
8.24
15.11
5.92
10.16
15.86
14.79
7.24
3.25
57.40
12.49
17.72
4.57
5.85
1.97
11.14
72.97
15.89
79.15
20.85
Mi
0.34
0.56
1.12
0.68
0.45
0.55
0.57
0.63
0.49
0.72
0.73
0.82
0.80
0.53
0.89
0.50
0.77
0.84
1.34
0.70
0.63
0.46
0.61
0.65
Ci
1.45
1.36
0.36
1.04
10.43
7.33
13.92
6.05
8.08
18.56
17.52
9.68
4.23
49.41
18.21
14.35
5.76
7.96
4.31
12.78
75.18
12.04
78.05
21.95
GERMANY
Ci/Pi
0.55
0.91
1.83
1.10
0.74
0.89
0.92
1.02
0.79
1.17
1.18
1.34
1.30
0.86
1.46
0.81
1.26
1.36
2.19
1.15
1.03
0.76
0.99
1.05
Pi
3.25
3.68
1.57
2.52
22.57
13.44
16.85
8.03
5.29
10.05
8.00
3.04
1.69
72.45
5.50
11.64
3.90
2.32
4.18
15.80
74.12
10.09
72.10
27.90
Mi
0.41
0.52
0.65
0.65
0.45
0.36
0.32
0.29
0.41
0.38
0.39
0.28
0.30
0.33
0.41
0.35
0.46
0.96
1.24
0.42
0.39
0.38
0.33
0.54
Ci
3.41
4.88
2.63
4.20
25.97
12.48
13.85
5.89
5.61
9.70
7.94
2.16
1.28
60.37
5.77
10.32
4.58
5.73
13.23
16.86
73.33
9.80
61.50
38.50
FRANCE
Ci/Pi
1.05
1.33
1.67
1.67
1.15
0.93
0.82
0.73
1.06
0.96
0.99
0.71
0.76
0.83
1.05
0.89
1.17
2.47
3.17
1.07
0.99
0.97
0.85
1.38
Pi
4.31
4.20
1.95
3.47
22.43
9.96
17.27
10.74
3.99
9.12
6.68
3.64
2.26
62.81
7.55
18.93
1.76
6.79
2.16
11.51
74.25
14.24
73.36
26.64
Mi
0.29
0.50
0.99
0.42
0.36
0.47
0.35
0.42
0.36
0.55
0.52
0.48
0.35
0.39
0.50
0.30
0.42
0.59
1.68
0.55
0.43
0.30
0.42
0.44
Ci
2.90
4.93
4.53
3.41
19.06
11.01
14.27
10.64
3.38
11.70
8.22
4.07
1.87
58.20
8.89
13.31
1.74
9.34
8.51
14.88
74.97
10.15
72.26
27.74
ITALY
Ci/Pi
0.67
1.17
2.32
0.98
0.85
1.11
0.83
0.99
0.85
1.28
1.23
1.12
0.83
0.93
1.18
0.70
0.99
1.38
3.94
1.29
1.01
0.71
0.99
1.04
Pi
2.54
1.85
0.27
0.83
13.30
10.59
14.69
5.09
11.25
20.06
13.08
4.75
1.70
60.13
16.90
17.08
1.06
2.90
1.92
10.17
76.86
12.97
77.61
22.39
Mi
0.46
0.52
0.65
0.62
0.47
0.52
0.53
0.61
0.57
0.68
0.67
0.57
0.56
0.48
0.82
0.55
0.89
0.83
1.23
0.64
0.57
0.56
0.57
0.59
Ci
2.00
1.66
0.31
0.89
10.84
9.57
13.34
5.41
11.01
23.57
15.09
4.65
1.65
49.80
24.05
16.26
1.62
4.16
4.11
11.19
76.20
12.61
77.14
22.86
U. KINGDO
Ci/Pi
0.79
0.89
1.12
1.07
0.82
0.90
0.91
1.06
0.98
1.17
1.15
0.98
0.97
0.83
1.42
0.95
1.53
1.43
2.14
1.10
0.99
0.97
0.99
1.02
Pi
5.30
3.80
1.36
5.40
24.19
9.84
16.23
10.77
5.01
8.86
5.41
2.56
1.28
58.48
9.88
14.34
0.74
14.39
2.18
17.39
69.12
13.49
62.18
37.82
Mi
0.44
0.49
1.40
0.69
0.50
0.57
0.62
0.81
0.41
0.63
0.57
0.70
0.78
0.53
0.60
0.42
0.94
0.93
1.21
0.80
0.58
0.43
0.53
0.71
Pj= % of sample in group j, Mj=group j mobility, Cj= group j relative contribution to mobility.
64
Ci
3.8
3.1
3.1
6.2
20.1
9.4
16.7
14.5
3.4
9.3
5.1
3.0
1.6
51.9
9.9
10.1
1.1
22.3
4.4
23.4
66.7
9.82
54.8
45.1
(cont.)
Married
Separated
Divorced
Widowed
Never married
Recognised third level educ.
Second stage of secondary
Less than second stage
Owner
Paying rent
Rent-free accommodation
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
75.77
1.92
0.99
7.21
14.10
17.86
13.39
68.75
80.91
12.94
6.15
4.33
14.51
19.05
31.64
17.24
7.80
5.42
0.61
0.69
0.57
0.56
0.64
0.50
0.61
0.64
0.60
0.61
0.74
0.45
0.45
0.56
0.62
0.68
0.79
0.84
75.68
2.16
0.93
6.62
14.61
14.45
13.37
72.17
79.67
12.92
7.41
3.17
10.75
17.34
32.18
19.05
10.09
7.43
1.00
1.13
0.93
0.92
1.04
0.81
1.00
1.05
0.98
1.00
1.21
0.73
0.74
0.91
1.02
1.10
1.29
1.37
74.00
1.71
5.50
5.19
13.59
25.71
54.70
18.87
40.02
57.47
2.52
8.51
23.83
24.63
27.06
10.66
3.08
2.23
0.36
0.68
0.47
0.48
0.44
0.37
0.40
0.38
0.38
0.40
0.40
0.50
0.46
0.39
0.34
0.31
0.32
0.27
68.84
3.00
6.61
6.35
15.20
24.57
56.16
18.49
38.99
58.41
2.59
10.92
28.06
24.56
23.86
8.55
2.52
1.53
0.93
1.75
1.20
1.22
1.12
0.96
1.03
0.98
0.97
1.02
1.03
1.28
1.18
1.00
0.88
0.80
0.82
0.68
70.80
0.93
6.82
6.01
15.43
20.75
37.78
38.57
60.17
35.76
4.07
10.46
23.84
19.46
26.48
13.42
4.62
1.73
0.41
0.61
0.39
0.41
0.50
0.49
0.41
0.38
0.42
0.43
0.47
0.50
0.36
0.46
0.41
0.45
0.51
0.22
68.58
1.33
6.18
5.82
18.09
23.78
35.97
34.02
59.16
36.35
4.49
12.36
20.20
21.16
25.63
14.20
5.56
0.88
0.97
1.43
0.91
0.97
1.17
1.15
0.95
0.88
0.98
1.02
1.10
1.18
0.85
1.09
0.97
1.06
1.20
0.51
78.57
1.16
0.73
5.82
13.72
8.28
31.54
54.83
73.95
19.79
6.26
4.66
13.79
23.26
33.27
16.38
5.75
2.88
0.57
0.65
0.47
0.61
0.61
0.44
0.51
0.63
0.58
0.59
0.53
0.49
0.48
0.56
0.61
0.63
0.63
0.62
77.57
1.31
0.59
6.14
14.39
6.35
27.80
59.51
74.17
20.07
5.76
3.96
11.46
22.45
34.89
17.84
6.31
3.08
0.99
1.13
0.81
1.05
1.05
0.77
0.88
1.09
1.00
1.01
0.92
0.85
0.83
0.97
1.05
1.09
1.10
1.07
64.79
2.69
8.63
6.48
17.42
33.35
12.37
52.88
71.64
26.82
1.54
10.46
26.14
21.16
24.99
12.31
3.56
1.39
0.56
0.64
0.71
0.47
0.73
0.56
0.67
0.60
0.54
0.72
0.81
0.58
0.50
0.55
0.62
0.77
0.73
0.77
Pj= % of sample in group j, Mj=group j mobility, Cj= group j relative contribution to mobility.
65
60.33
2.87
10.30
5.12
21.37
31.36
13.99
53.52
65.37
32.55
2.09
10.20
22.11
19.63
25.94
15.95
4.38
1.79
Grfico 1
Attrition en el Panel de Hogares de la Unin Europea, 1994-2001
0.00
-10.00
-20.00
-30.00
-40.00
-50.00
-60.00
1995
Espaa
1996
Alemania
1997
Francia
1998
Reino Unido
1999
Italia
2000
TOTAL UE-5
2001
TOTAL PHOGUE
66