Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MICHAEL BELL
3
Painte
is
the
rare sketches
selection of pictures,
augmented by
British
cbtoRy-op
tf^^e
Pacific.
was
until recently
Curator of Paintings,
il
York on
V.
Watercolour
mclsHale.
1804.
1111
00305 2212
FEB^
y^PR 4
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t^'
"
DATE DUE
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B 199 i:
PAINTERS IN
A NEW LAND
//fs
PAINTEES IN
A NEW LAND
SELECTED AND INTRODUCED
BY
MICHAEL BELL
LTD.
MICHAEL
BELL, 1973
International Standard
Book Number
0-8212-0581-1
Number
73-79998
COPYRIGHT
Published
in
America by
Society Ltd.,
JAMES PEACHEY
Cataraqui on Lake Ontario
August
783
DEDICATION PACE
PETER RINDISBACHER
View
Water-colour, 6V*
Red River
1822
8V2 inches
CONTENTS PAGE
GEORGE SETON
The Cree Indians celebrating a dog
least, Rupert's
Water-colour, bV4 x
9%
Land
inches
September
5,
857
CONTENTS
CW^H-
-^:yg|^'=^.
Acknowledgements
Preface
New found
VI
lands
17
L'Acddie
29
Quebec
47
Upper Canada
97
Frontiers
159
Epilogue
206
Bibliography
220
Index of Artists
221
Index
223
Acknowledgements
was
first
the
Paintings,
suggested.
Drawings
and
Prints
the
five years.
text
and
W.M.E. Cooke
made
valuable
suggestions.
The water-colours and drawings illustrating this book are all to be found in
the collection of documentary art in the
Public Archives of Canada one of the
least known, but best collections of its
type in Canada. All the colour photography was done by Ron Vickers.
In
memory of my father]
'
Jm
^^k
JUlg^r.
- '\.
.^-^^^^I^^^^H
"J^- **r_^B
)AMES
View
S.
MERES
[8
'
[
PAINTERS IN A
NEW LAND
PREFACE
alien
troduction of
tural heritage
these areas
is
that
cultures
in-
indi-
new
and
an era of expan-
literature. In
sion, exploration,
it
and
diversity of
new
been
nized as a
tage
now
vital part of
being recog-
available to
all
Canadians.
We owe
They
saw the
early
importance
these
in
we
records of life
theirefforts,
of
rience.
were
enthusiastically
reaffirming
the
same
in the light of
The paper,
for information,
came
for the
Magazine and later the Illustrated London News and the London Graphic
dealt with news and information on a
popular level, leaning heavily on the
grind his
amateur
own
who
did not
want
to
Illustrated journal-
illustrative content.
what they
encountered.
new phenomenon;
today.
With
his materials in
pictures.
tures
were completed
in
the country-
taneity
owed
and
spon-
brilliance,
the later
picture exhibitions
became
small
and sent
itual,
ad-
power
empiricism, technological
in their belief in
wasa popular
subject in landscape.
particularly favoured in the eighteenth
Secure
the ad-
infor-
for
in
saw
demand
which flourished alongside London publishers and printsellers, made the pictures still more widely available; tuition
was available from the many competent
into art
attitudes
providingan opportunity
for the
viewing
Philadelphia
Museum
Britoin. Philadelphia:
2.
of Art,
1968.
Romantic Art
in
p. 17.
painting
in
tury.
The
artists
medium which
of their
resulted from
and the
in their
delicately
water-colour sketch-
in
a reflection of the
picturesque land-
ed by the phi losophical positions revolving around the picturesque, the beautiful, and the sublime, and thetrends in literature represented by the poetry of
Samuel Coleridge and William Wordsworth.
Landscape -not
formal
por-
traits
NEW LAND
air
PAINTERS IN A
interest in
10
mostly
in
881
British
were few
and minorities were tolerated and even encouraged. It was to such
particularly attractive: there
restrictions,
tion
illustrated
British
North America,
Lord
illustrated
journals
should
be
lAMES PATTISON
COCKBURN
PAINTERS IN A
NEW LAND
at
1831
Master"^
at
the
officers'
training
acknowledged
drawing master.
British
North America
defend
it,
order
Army
and the
In
officers
is
known of these
artists.
From 1793
graphical
surroundings.
information.
to
itary
to
of a battlefield
in
892,
p.
45.
PHILIP
JOHN BAINBRICCE
NEW LAND
PAINTERS IN A
5%
Water-colour,
ferry.
8%
Upper Canada
Philip
took a commission
upon graduation,
Cockburn advanced through the ranks,
endinghiscareerasa major-general and
lohn Bainbrigge.
in
being
sketcher,
often
rugged terrain
ed.
In
and
and
indefatigable
prolific
after his
in
draughtsman
were
abilities as a
utilized
In
the
view he want-
to get the
were published
drawings one of Quebec and
aquatints
Falls.
between
the
Britain
If
painting
ficer,
it
They recorded the flowers, the interhouses, and many other details that escaped the attention of the
us.
iors of the
Madawaska
to
Portage
Amherstburg
in
in
New
Brunswick
Upper Canada. He
[I^
water-colour was a
in
Environs.
Academy
another of Niagara
its
is
large
in
He
1838
inches
officer-artists.
Accompanying
her hus-
The
Water-colour, bVi x
drawings
feelings
in
which
time
mistress
Beauharnois
of
the
where
Seigneury
she
was
of
held
left
an
to
accompany
the
English
water-colourist
the
Durham
NEW LAND
PAINTERS IN A
is
8%
house
at
amateur watercolourists had about their work: "Nothing however but what call scrabbles
recollections of Beauharnois which
sha
ke to look at when we go home [to
that
the
England]!""
Women artists in Canada were attracted by the delicate wildflowers, the butterflies, and the people, all of which they
interpreted with the usual Victorian sen-
capable of looking abroad into the beauties of nature, and adoring the Creator
ness."'
In
illus-
engineer,
4.
MC
October
13,1838.
1838
inches
5.
Catherine
Parr
Traill,
The Backwoods
836.
oi
p. 4.
PAINTERS IN A
NEW LAND
EDWARD ROPER
Prairie flowers near
Water-colour, 20'/4 x
14
Broadview,
1887
Assiniboia
M'U
inches
;^^U^.:y:^.ML
ANEVVIAMD
PAINIERSIN
":'v
1
TVI^^ ^^>y/^i /?i/> //il'
WILLIAM GEORGE RICHARDSON HIND
/-
Due k hunting on
^w.^-
iT
x-^
wagon tram
'
in lhi> diblariLC
8fa2
engineer, an
artist,
a photographer, a
Talbot,
new
vention
made
the
Talbot
record obsolete.
in-
water-colour as a
tells
how
in
it
painting.
it
were possible
was used
also
by the North American Boundary Commission in 1870-75. The useofthewatercolour as a recording medium was limit-
to
15
6.
Quoted
in
1955,
p.
61.
Military
Academy
at
Woolwich,
a pho-
set up.
No
number
PAINTERS l\ A
NEW LAND
personal record
no
avail
if
circumstances
the
rise
of
pollution-filled
and exposure
North
and
early
in
twentieth
the nineteenth
and
thing
image as a
is
collected
it
The
some-
centuries.
these
conflicting
need to
demands:
the
many people
inance
British
our
by continuous display
in
to
if not already
faded to a shadow of their earlier state
dom-
England
deteri-
volume
if
must be continu-
WILLIAM ROEBUCK
Tracking boats up the Long Saull Rapids
on the
St.
Lawrence
River,
near Cornwall,
Upper Canada
Water-colour,
12%
16
1820
x 18 inches
portant
that
teriorate as
little
as possible while in
to the
IV,
fisheries of the
this
colony.
its
stead the
shorelines
came
continental wars.
to these
Sydney
later,
when
Prior Hall
multi-national
St.
John's,
Royal
trative
of
centre
trade; so
their
mark
in the
French origins,
left
like Placentia,
"
resolved in
and
the
"French shore.
To these coasts in 1 786 came lames S.
Meres, the keeper of the logbook of the
Pegasus, under the command of William
Newfoundland
was the first land of
become Canada that was
and inclement
climate,
It
what was to
touched by Europeans, but
it
was the
tion.
Il7l
last
many
in later years
immigrants,
and
)AMES
S.
MERES
A view of the
Seven Islands in
the harbour of Placenlia, Newfoundland
1786
of H.M.S. Pegasus
18 1
Mason
To
in
who
who have
You say
that
Did not
this
in praise
of my
Although
19}
628
)AMES
S.
MERES
From
the
Logbook
of H.M.S. Pegasus
20
Hill
1786
It
is
about
sixty miles
deep, and
bay; salmon
abound
it,
in its rivers,
as well asall
strongly fortified,
and endeavoured
at
one
strand or beach
between two
is
a great
hills, suf-
and dry
From
the
cure
head of
among
many ex-
lined with
islands
and
rocks,
was
on the
across.
French
in
I 21
it
MCGREGOR
America
British
1832
lAMESS. MERES
From
the
Logbook
Newtoundland from
Placentia,
the
hill
1786
of H.M.S. Pegasus
It
was about
St.
John's.
we
at
Our Cap-
to
proceed
on
the
When
served an
immense mountain
we
ob-
for
The summit of
this majestic headland was now covered
with snow, and many small vessels were
busily employed fishing along its base.
At daylight, on lune the 15th, we
doubled the promontory of Cape Race;
but as the wind blew in very light airs
at sun-set.
American privateers
were accustomed to lie in wait, to intercept the English merchant ships bound
called
fishing
In
the forenoon,
When
we
gulf, called
this
bay, and
made
Placentia
It
is still
strait,
that
is
There
is
one
any
be
in
it
circumstance.
whole
land
is
it
is
It
of the
proceed on her course, without incurring the most imminent danger of shipwreck: but,
at the
same
time, there
is
St.
not, at night-
fall,
was here
River
the
in
are divided by a
ports
of ice, ly-
the entrance.
Cape Broyle
different
or
two
of the shore
zone of
light
it
phaenomenon,
enabled to
entirely clear
were, forming a
this
some
that a
singular
cases, be
while a strang-
er,
itself,
is
afraid
to
the
22
CHAPPELL
and
1818
the
Southern
to
New-
Coast
of
FISHERIES
British
shipping occupied
foundland
terwards,
few words
of separate consideration in concluding
our chapter on Newfoundland. They
have ever since the discovery of North
America been the theme of the particular
to a
fisheries
however,
in
the
New-
some years
af-
increased apace,
ain,
St.
Pierre
to
of France, Spain,
teemed
tance
in the
volving the
French, or American
interestsonthewesternsidethe Atlantic,
it appears thatas early as 151 7 about fifty
French, Spanish, and Portuguese vessels
were engaged
in
employed
this
unit
in that quarter;
and although
appears to have,
in 1578,
increased to fifteen, the fishing trade of
the other
in a far
of the
rather
foundland
ing,
more
itself,
distinct
light.
left in
the
on
Cape Bonavis-
peace concluded
by
it,
New-
50 ships engrossed
Spain 100, and Portugal 50. The
men
fifty
in
t23
BoucHfrre
The
British
Dominions
in
North America
1832
ST.
JOHN'S -ENGLAND IN
NEWFOUNDLAND
S^^.
lAMESS. MERES
From
the
Logbook
Water-colour,
good
St.
John's,
Newfoundland
6%x
14 inches
In
lofty per-
fortresses
an amaz-
and the
upon
less striking
its
attitude,
trance;
tery
where
and
a signal-post.
Other
batteries of
upon
is
which
above
north.
the rocky
At
light-
that
had
a short
upon those
rocks,
Bermuda
tion. In
that
pendicular precipices
ing height,
considering
vessel in question
1786
of H.M.S. Pegasus
is
although
deserve
it
this title.
there, the
At the time
to
we were
its
condition.
It
St.
/ohn's
nal as Halifax
manifest
will
in
this pwint,
ever render
utility,
its
as a naval
The harbour of St. lohn's is most exposed to heavy gales from the northwest: as the wind from that point rushes
with extreme violence through a valley
to the left of the town.
On first entering the bays and ports of
Newfoundland, the attention of a
stranger is mostly attracted by the
remarkable appearance exhibited by the
innumerable stages erected along the
sea-side forthesaltinganddryingof cod.
The shores around the harbour of St.
lohn's are entirely covered with them,
and their construction is particularly
simple.
Numerous
supporters, exactly
is
first
placed a
whole
is
finally
overspread with a
not so
is
summer months,
any mischance, be
deprived of the former valuable acquisishould
we,
by
{24
and
its
final
ST.
lOHN'S-ENCLAND
NEWFOUNDLAND
IN
wsmF
pr^H?^sSfer%^
JAMES
S.
MERES
The town of
From
the
St.
John's
and
Fort
Townshend, Newfoundland
1786
tirely
handsome
good-looking edifices
and
is
able, by
paved;
not
weather,
it
in
upon very
street stands
is
or
even
irregular ground,
therefore,
in
wet
mud and
filth.
employed within
resides in a fortress
John's,
the
government. He usually
and returns
power of the
to
England
for the
island
is
vested
in
styled
the
the
who
Lieutenant-Governor of
room attached to
St.
number
scarcely
of small
one
public-houses,
but
London
John's
the
town receives
articles from
all its
supplies of those
remarkable;
is
al-
most every petty merchant, indeed, possesses one of his own: and there is,
besides these, a fine broad quay, called
the Government Wharf, which is open
prevails
vitae which
month of
between
the
December and the recommencement of
in St.
yohn's
is
such
where
of turbulent
Irishmen,
winter. Indeed,
all
recov-
than half
were restored
for the
in less
whose
Us
an adequate reward
fishing
it
offer
May following.
salt,
CHAPCELL
aryd
1818
the
Southern
to
New-
Coast
of
describe
In trying to
John's, there
St.
ST.
lOHN'S-ENGLAND
IN
NEWFOUNDLAND
is
an adjective sufficiently distinctive and appropriate. We find other cities coupled with
some difficulty
in
applying to
it
St.
Petersburg
In
we
may, therefore,
modern
capitals.
call
it
Round
the fishiest of
a great part of
drying
for there
in
not
is
on
like
much
air,
of the former to
every flag
in
up
wharves have
to the
just
now
re-
with lean
of cultivation
scant fields
soil,
trim,
wooden
their
looking
some
furniture,
musical ski
it,
the satin
houses,
the
piano,
handand the
al
the gold
warm on
are
snug-
this bright
Augustday, are
and
rich,
and
wonderful
much
aston-
if
CO. WARBURTO.N
Hochelaga;
or,
England
in the
New World
1846
[2b
ST
lOHNS- ENGLAND
IN
NEWFOUNDLAND
ANONYMOUS
A view of the Upper and
the harbour
Newfoundland.
From a little below Fori William showing
1790
the packing of cod fish on the wharf
of
St.
John's,
i27
NEWFOUNDLANDERS
It is
of a
town which
fectly
this
Cambier,
per-
40 houses and
amount of 500,000 being
then consumed. Within a few days after
part of
population
varies so constantly. At
it is
fairly rated at
about
town
81 5 a great
was destroyed by a
the
town
one, and,
amount of property
attend
which
denominations
at St.
John's,
for children of
both
who
the
to
Benevolent
that
Irish
number
of
and
300,
700 or 800
weekly newspapers published, and a book society has
been established.
in the
are extended
to
1802,
in
the protestant
may be
1,000. This
property to the
and two
BOUCHETTE
The British Dominions
[ijildnjkiif-
<
A Newfoundland "Padre"
Pencil drawing,
and
it
Is
true,
very improvident
Newfoundland
yet, for
want of
have had,
their
women
am
persuaded
28
intercourse
New-
that
little is
when
can be distributed, by
and a more direct
dition as
ings of education
and
878
832
Fisheries Fleet
he-4f,^-i,.JU.^y
in
North America
.(../ f^.
^> ^tui
The people
in
the bless-
but
little
race
now
exhibit qualities
which only
BONNVCASTLE
Ihe Canada
in
1841
1841
"
L'ACADIE
rights
and
territorial
it.
locked
at
in a struggle
When
were
largely
first
on
settling
moved the
the Maritimes.
They
administrative headquarters
subsequent postings
783 headed
lived graciously
who
and they, with the English, Scotand Irish immigrants from the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain, occupied a land once subject only to
land
an
today.
officers
tours of duty
to the
after
slowly,
tish,
impressive
native
people.
The
Indians
had
employed "making
sale."
I29l
climate
impressions of
social
Camp
men
and
material culture
baskets
for
JOHN HAMILTON
Fort
Cumberland, formerly
Water-colour,
men
of the French
9%x
Nova
Fort Beausejour,
Command was to be
absolute
& Should
their
Scotia
1755
14%lnche5
Files of
men wich
lOHN WINSLOW
1 755
lournal
Chuse out
30
ning
Monckton
the 1 6th [June 1 755] Inand the next Day a small Fort upon
the River Gaspereau running into the Bay
Verte where the French had their prinnel
stant;
THF FNr.LISHVirTllRV
H.
BASTIDE
Inhabitants
mit
me
a particular account.
enclose
&
as
many wounded.
new named
the
&
upon
resolution with
this
1757
V2 inches
Scotia
this
county,
in
considerable
British colonies, a
whom
removed
number
and
obtained a grant of the township of Annapolis. This township contains a conof
thither in 1764,
which they
occasion.
is still
for
its
province while
in
theirpossession. Itwas
750,
when
it
defence are
leading to
now
in
a state of
all
contains a
stage
John's,
gener-
It
is
a respectable town.
ally
Fort
the spirit
MVj x
New
St.
to
circumstanced settlements.
government
was superseded as
isbuilt upon a
Quoted from
a leUer
1755
and
P/antations
Com-
June 28,
much
increased
in size
or population
I 31
it
BOUCHETTE
The
British
Dominior)s
in
North America
1832
PRINCE
EDWARD ISLAND
CHARLES RANDALL
Charlottetown on the Island of St. )ohn (Prince Edward Island)
Water-colour, 3 'A x
ca.
1778
9% inches
This island
ficial survey of it under the British government was accomplished by the late
Major Holland, then his majesty's sur-
respect of soil
It
which
either
all
parts of
it
has ready communication,
by water or good roads. The
80
out
in rectangles, in
building lots of
feet frontage
vacancies
at
squares; the
number
of houses already
built
the
appearance.
was amongst
in
and its situation for fishing, however, induced many families both from Cape
Breton and Acadia to settle here after the
peaceof Utrecht. The surrender of Louisbourg to Great Britain in 1 758 was
followed by the cession of this island:
from several appearances observed on
the island at this possession,
BOUCHETTE
The British Dominions
in
North America
1832
was ever
it
was
in-
veyor-general
family
now
on the
island.
The
to
in
the ratio of
one
per-
first
been inhabited by tribes of Micmac Indians, with whom the Acadians had, in a
ti
in
reside
ment conceived
nal grantees,
32
John's
St.
Many of theorigi-
however, surrendered, or
alienatedtheir property,
which
in
a short
PRINCE
atively
more
land
became more
in this island
appreciated and
1768 the
rate
became
island
justly
greater request. In
in
was erected
government, though
into a sepa-
at that
time
it
inhabitants exceed
subsequent
its
150
five years
total
number
of
much
pains were
riole,
portations of Acadians,
cies.
Charlotte
Town
is
where
1878
3% x 8% inches
Highlanders,
husbandmen
employment
ing others of a
more
rural description.
and
by the cleanliness,
and propriety of their establishment; Scotchmen by their patient
are distinguished
neatness,
33
),
BOUCHETTE
The
British
Dominions
in
North America
1832
V:
'SSIS^^
3*
34
'S*.-
in
it
in
in safety. ...
lies
It
terminates
of
of the
harbour by
Nova
moonlight, Halifax,
Scotia
13% inches
1786
ment
MERES
Nova
Scotia
Water-colour,
8x19
Halifax,
be
a place of
considerable
of the lower
ery
and
On
trade.
Nova
Scotia,
Sherbrooke Tower, a circular stone baton the topof which is a lantern. This
island forms two entrances to the har-
fortified,
to
summer
the province.
sible,
and
is
It
seasons acces-
at all
its
isonly
sufficient
width
to
work
a ship against a
is
it
settled in the
first
which are
ten square miles of safe anchorage. The
entrance is marked by Sambro Head, on
which a lighthouse was erected soon
after the settlement was established.
Three miles from Halifax, near the mouth
of the harbour, lies M'Nabb's Island, on
the western side of which stands
ter,
JAMES
749, and
sheet of water
continued
and
lAMESS. MERES
was
Halifax
ride
anchorage.
the place.
1786
MCGREGOR
and Descriptive Sketches of the Mari1 828
time Colonies of British America
I
inches
Historical
BOUCHETTE
The
British
Dominions
in
North America
a plain stone
is
end
of the town, on a rising ground, which
commands a view of the harbour and
building, built in
shipping.
It
is
81 9, at the north
resi-
all
kindsofprovisions, atlow
The Bermuda
Islands are
little
mid-
prices.
with a scanty
MCGREGOR
Historical and Descriptive Sketches of the Mari1828
time Colonies of British America
the military
and Commissariat
Naval Hospital, Dock Yard. &c.
His Majesty's
Dock Yard
is
the most
of England.
it
was trans-
pectable-looking
there a
of the climate,
Attached to it
is
purpose of es-
at
once, by
of both
r.
naval stores
would
in
in half a
commissioner divide their time of residence equal ly between the two stations,
and were on the point of sailing for Ber-
Halifax.
COKE
Subaltern's Furlough
1833
the case,
as
it
when the
harbour, and
or
citadel
make any
T. C.
HALIBURTON
An
Historical
Scotia
is
is
completed,
commands the
impression on
and
Statistical
it.
Account of Nova
tents
here
among
the evergreens.
is
Sir
open
for inspection.
John Gaspard
brilliant staff,
town, intersected by
le
each medal-decorated hero, and marking down every hole in his socks, and
every gap in his comb, for the honor of
the service.
And
is
and
markets,
fish
extremely well
all
in
I-
the world.
BOUCHETTE
The
British
Dominions
in
North America
1832
wooden
wooden
churches,
slates,
and,
wooden
if
wharfs,
BISHOP
The Englishwoman
in
1856
North America
fire,
over
roast
and
their
and
And here
scent,
shoes,
and other
for a
And
very
its
there
Marchant, with a
engaged
furniture
1829
in the
pleasant
front, for
pie;
is
and
if
cranberry-
the simile
36
F S
COZZENS
Acadia;
or,
1859
The
from the
1842
window of the
Water-colour,
Halifax Hotel
Halifax,
Nova
9x13
at sunrise,
Scotia
Water-colour, 6 V2 x
ATLANTIC
9% inches
Nova
Scotia
lune 1855
inches
i~
is
upon an old
raised
completed
carried
on
garrison,
for
some
years; the
work
is
is
summer
commanding
is
afforded from
the ramparts.
It
becomes our
ever occurred
dation.
On
in this city
Friday night
fire that
since
last,
its
has
foun-
about nine
to
an
insuf-
fire staff, to
moving
time any great number of persons assembled at the scene of the disaster, the
the efforts of
ficient
ity
all
them and
check
it,
in the morning some forty buildamong them some of the f nest and
o'clock
i
ngs,
but the
building
some
Webb,
limits of
Streets,
On
Barrington
on
F.
we must ex-
38
peninsula
is
which the
in
down
long streaks
it
oozes
and
the walls,
givesthemamostlugubriousand prisonlike
E-
appearance.
COKE
A Subaltern 's
1833
Furlough
of the
premises.
building;
and
once enveloped
that
in
turers)
block, which, as
it
being consumed, the houses on the upper side of Barrington Street, being fired
severaltimes, but luckily put out.
It
was
fire
it
College
at
Halifax;
eral
legislature.
Hebrew and
one of moral
science and metaphysics, one of mathematics, astronomy, and natural philosophy, and one of grammar, rhetoric
and logic. The students are eligible for
of
divinity,
some
is
tem of education
Society
for
its
the
and
endowed by
ships,
for
scholarships
is
preparatory to that
which
it is
intended.
BOUCHETTE
The
British
Dominions
in
1832
North America
LEFEVRE JAMES
CRANSTONE
After the fire,
Halifax, Nova Scotia
1859
Water-colour,
6% X
12
finches
GEORGE HERIOT
Chief Justice
Blower's home and
King's College
near Windsor,
Nova
Scotia
1807
Water-colour,
5x7 inches
building.
wooden
seems
from extending
Had
in a
southerly direction.
it
theflames.
last edifice
(Avery's
erty
built of stone,
is
it
had
wooden
was sup-
shutters
sumed
up
the
interior
brick buildings
of the
is
the placing of
as
there, in-
erty
loss,
It
mere
is
fully
timated
at $1
,200,000.
Commander-in-Chief
not being called upon until after a con-
able
building.
sumed,
it
Owing
the flames.
Some
this
terrible
fire
presented
headway before
[39
it
was so visi-
supposed
it
to
have been
Margaret's Bay.
HAllfAX
Evening Express
Sepl. 12,
first
in vicinity
to the
may be
1859
he
of St.
inoffensive,
who
people,
are
daily
who had
structor,
vivacity or
very
little
of the
bonhomm/e of a Frenchman,
posed
to the
breed,
and
it
is
a half-
much confidence
JOHNG. TOLER
A Micmac Indian camp
who
near Halifax,
Nova
dozen lodges
style,
of poles placed
ground, brought
on a
wigwam
circle
on the
and covered
men were
those who were at
to a point,
seemed
a slighter
made
race
in
which
they
live,
their
innocent
edged merit of
their
conduct
in
the
seem to be
Scotia
1808
Water-colour,
13x17
light
coarse black
hair,
petticoats
leggings
40
people in Canada;
and some of these cloth head-dresses
were beautifully worked in figures and
tracery, with the moose-hair and porcupines' quills, dyed in bright colours.
The younger women were extremely
clean; and the papouse, or child, in the
cradle on their backs, had a nicelyworked clean cap on, and appeared to
be neatly tended by the mother.
dress, peculiar to that
R.
H BONNYCASTLE
TheCanadas
in
784)
1841
inches
brown complexions,
and though it was hot
weather, some of them wore tunics of
blankets. The women, some of whom
had good-humoured oval faces and
good hair and eyes, were mostly in dark
They had
some
Still,
however, especially
districts ol the
in
the remoter
have seen
Indi-
some
black hue
with a
glittering
scarlet or blue
westward,
in all the
the
and clothed in
the castoff rags of white men, they appear in the showy costume of the tribe, in
residing round Halifax,
MARY
R.
Indian
MARY
girl /
India
States,
Islands, others
province.
settlement
was
laid out, a
who
negroes
may be
attributed to servitude
in
them
R.
ficulties
and
is
white is more dingy than that of the European. The hands and feet of the Indian
are small, and often exquisitely formed.
This, in the case of the foot,
is
rather
freedom which
is given to it by the yielding moccasin;
and the features, though coarse, are ex-
tremely expressive.
C HARDY
New World
1855
MCKIE
A Negro youth
The eye
their
MCKIE
A Micmac
till
in
Nova
ery
is
Scotia
the
most happy
unfortunate negroes
which the
West Indies
state in
in
the
am certainly
feel that
it
more
ly
prepared
will,
on
become
for
live;
but
obtaining
their
freedom,
now
are in a state of
ably
it
is
and generally
in this
live
more comfort-
time Colonies
41
MCGREGOR
and Descriptive Sketches of the Mari-
Historical
1828
NOVA SCOTIA
C.WILLIAMS
Washing gold
at the
Water-colour,
9%x
14 inches
This
given to a gold
district
has been
embracing
a pen-
Scotia
tion,
ca.
I860
fifteen
yet
district,
Scotia.
On
on
proved remunerative
instance
is
in
Nova
side of a
members
The
strata are
two ounces
HtNDETAL
The Dominion of Canada
H. Y
appearsthatamill
about
42
be erected
was from
alluvial
washings
in
,000
1861
is
to
made
HUNT
II
to
T. S.
1869
is
there.
1868
even
in
trees,
NEW BRU^SWICK
in
which
varieties of the
MCCRtCOS
JOSEPH BOUCHETTE
Mars
Hill,
New
Brunswick
ca.
1815
is
invested with a
peculiar degree of interest, from the cirits being the point fixed on
by the Britishcommissionersasthe commencement of the range of highlands,
half a mile,
cumstance of
beyond which
viewed from
in
it.
It
commanding,
is
it
is
its
as
it
is
becomes
The
is
prospect
extensive and
Immediately beneath
vicinity.
which the
composed, whose
adjacent country
is
its
crest
its
it
perpendicular.
bosom
highest eleva-
the ocean.
tion
BOUCHETTE
in
[4i
North America
tribes,
prevails in
1832
above
When
salmon make
the
their
NEW BRUNSWICK-THE
LOYALIST PROVINCE
appear-
in
great
numbers
in
the pools
forcing
them
off
in
and fending
the rocks, or allowing them to
them up the
rapids,
simple
in its
A spike of iron is
made of rock
enough
hold
it
same
time,
fast.
R.C.A. LEVINGE
1849
fishing
by torchlight
in
44
New
Brunswick
ca.
1838
NEW BRUNSWICK-THE
[45
LOYALIST PROVINCE
Fredericton,
New
to
St.
1840
)ohns
is
about
pointotview
as
in
isas beautiful
features
are
and luxuriant
Its
cultivated
moststriking
fields,
green
spots
among the
consumed by
fire;
one burnt
and
row of barracks
but better
in
are
825
in
site
substantial
the progress
and handsome
of
a college,
plies as yet
in a
One
style.
between
FrederictonandSt.John. Boatsof20tons
can go up the river from Fredericton to
the grand
a distance of
falls,
clearings.
230 miles
if
rapid growth of
were
St.
building;
Historical
and
MCGREGOR
Descriptive
Maritime Colonies of
1828
46
Sketches
British
of
America
the
and engagements;
yet,
it
must be
enabled
New
foreign imports,
and
lands
if
it
St.
John, Fredericton,
Andrew. To the
St.
settler
on new
he only engaged
in
it
it
was wise to do so; as by the gains attending it, he was put in possession of the
means of stocking his farm and clothing
himself and family. The province,
therefore, gained great advantage
trade; and, although
it
is
by this
that
extreme
folly to
abandon
it
altogether.
QUEBEC
veyor-General,
and
quiet
period
rounded by a subjected French population. Up and down St. Louis Street the red
coats marched, as I. P. Cockburn records,
descriptions
foremost
town
pean
transplanted
to
North
Topographical
by
terminus of the
its
These
sophistication.
of the
same characteristics
were remarked upon by travellers, who
always went to Quebec and were struck
America.
whose book,
Description
and French.
Lawrence shipping
ments
in
the civil
government of the
l47l
Crown
Point by
English
New
and
artists
of
this
is
the reac-
captured by a
"groupofthemost 'Robespierre' looking
ruffians."
solution
was doomed
to
failure
its
French-speak-
ST.
LAWRENCE
HENRY FRANCIS
The quarantine
AINSLIE
station at
Water-colour, 9 x
We
Crosse
Isle, St.
Lawrence River
1838
2 V2 inches
a beautiful rocky
soldiers.
days.
There
August 12
terday evening.
reached Cros
It
is
Isle
yes-
island,
is
a pas-
is
unfortunate emigrants
conveyed
to
the cholera
It is
and in
and are
productive of
many
or
hospital
been erected
en-
sur-
we
are
all in
good
health,
port,
some
wooden
to
yet,
be detained three
shall
senger-ship,
some
we
Though we
We
C p. TRAILL
The Backwoods of Canada
48
1836
SEVERUSSTRETTON
Quebec and
the
Water-colour,
When viewed trom Point Levi, on the opposite coast of the river,
variety of objects
is
an
interesting
exhibited, by
massy
rising
its
from the
base, con-
overhanging cliffs, by a
confused cluster of buildings overtoptrasted with the
Quebec
mouth
8x13
spot in
ties
to
all
to
is
good plan
is
Quebec should
as to be enabled to
jects in a
this;
American
several ob-
will
but
embrace
it
to
friends
unfortunately
is
map
conver-
visit
anchorage for several fleets a magnificent river whose banks are secured by
steep cliffs a position on a lofty rock,
together
to external
with
vio-
extraordinar>'
of QUEBEC.
any
in
the universe.
rambles.
is
as a
remarks
lies
at
to
We
have arrived
inches
an island.
Canadas, and
It
AWRf \CE
C HERIOT
A.
II
COCKBURN]
HAWKINS
49
1831
Recollections
1834
The
THECITADELOFTHEST lAWRENCE
Upper Town,
a ser-
in
it
is
very fatiguing,
if
threeexcursions up
course
and
is
hill
not paved
per part,
do
not,
in
Quebec,
yet
winter time
it
it
the quantity of
cumulate
in
is
is
extremely dangerous;
snow and
large
ice,
masses,
In
which acrenders
it
shod with
they
call
goloshoes,
frequently used
year,
in
in
the
and
fall
are
These
most
or spring of the
After the
snow
ground, and
it
make
shoes,
LAMBERT
Travels Through
Slates
1814
[50
^W'
"
ii
JAMES HUNTER
bird's eye view of the Lower Town, Quebec from the Bishop's Palace
showing also the Chateau St. Louis and the Citadel
1779
Water-colour.
[51
14x21 inches
is
the
a plain building of
stone, situated in an
open
THE
CI
tADEL OF THE
SI.
LAWRENCE
governor
common
ments
place, the
in
the
in itare
new
small and
part,
ill
all
the apart-
contrived; but
which stands
in front
in which a
few small guns are planted, command-
of
an oblong square.
is
outside, there
It
is
is
chiefly taken
up
This part
family.
is
The chateau
is
built
without any
when
the weather
son parades
in
the
the
represented.
is
one
It
fine,
the resort of
WELD
the Provinces oi
and
1
799
S^^^^^^
;fc^
..^-
Sr^^^fe
^.
lAMES PATTISON
COCKBURN
and covered,
in
-^
"x
<;.
/*~7
which they
up
are fitted
in
stile
taste.
sustained
from
conflagrations,
[52
have
dwelling-houses with
tin,
or painted
sheet-iron.
C.
HERIOT
Canadas
807
TMFCITADFl OF THE
am
to give a ball
moth
is
to
pute nota
littletlattering to
my vanity: the
would
in
LAWRENCE
have
rival
me,
difficult to adjust; as to
ing to
who can
him
ST.
do
in the
consultation;
is
is
rather
have noth-
my hand is
we
pedigree;
Four o'clock
dies
GEORGE HERIOT
A dance
in
the Chateau
Si.
9% X
Louis,
1801
14Vjinche^
Saturday morning
I
ball.
ture
ning;
as-
state of rest
ungraceful;
is
all
na-
most beautiful in motion; trees agitated by the wind, a ship under sail, a
horse in the course, a fine woman dancing: neverany human being had such an
is
aversion to
still life
as
have.
am
153
see
them with
the
hope:
my
only ambition
want to be
passion. With what
friend;
is
to
be her
such a mind as
1769
It
abundance
is
always kept
in
it,
and
b>T
LAWRENCE
tion.
racks,
feet
I
WEID
the Provinces of
54
THE
CiTADELOMHE
ST.
LAWRENCE
The court-house on
Lou is Street
St.
ing
is
a large
and breadth
forty-four, present-
handsome
regular
front,
and other
infer-
Above stairs
Common
Bench and
courts of King's
and the
and other
and a room for the occasional convening of militia courtsoffices for the high sheriffs
magistrates,
martial. In the
and
same building
offices of the
is
the hall
corporation of the
It
oc-
site
year
796:
tensive
it
was
at
one time
establishment,
fire
in
the
a very ex-
covering
the
BOUCHEnE
Topographical Description ol the Province o(
Lower Canada
t8t5
JAMES PATTISON
J
[55
COCKBURN
St.
opposite
Louis Street,
II
'Ax
1830
15% inches
THECITADELOf THE
ST.
LAWRENCE
kept there.
left,
Its
and of
which leads
to it, are derived from the same origin.
The Intendant's Palace was described
tants,
of the Gate,
by La Potherie,
eighty
to/'ses,
in
feet, of buildings,
tle
town
698, as consisting of
or four
in Itself.
so that
the ordeal of
fire,
and
embellishment.
In
comfort
September,
ful.
Charles was
still
St.
at the
widely different
CHARLEVOIX,
does not
erty in the
situation
city
is
in
into
court,
plate
and apparel
was accompanied by
lady
married,
lately
his wife, a
He
young
whose valuable
to
fire,
which
it
71 3;
and burned so
Indendant and
rapid-
ly,
which,
in St.
Valler Street,
still
remain.
The buildings formed nearly a squarein front of the river were spacious gardens, and on the sides the King's store
houses. Beyond the Palace, towards the
west, were the pleasing grounds of the
lesuits, and of the General Hospital.
This building, like most of the public
establishments of QLiEBEC, went through
56
that the
his lady
with
difficulty
Madame
the
becon, perished
in the
flames
THECITADEIOFTHEST, lAWKfvJCE
GEORGE HERIOT
ca.
1800
some
imprudently
within
the
burning
in
in
at
lost
forty
thousand
dresses.
Such,
fire.
were
lost,
as well as the
and the
its
1
king's expense.
The following
is
tendant's house
is
In-
it.
This
is
come
first
of
all
into
the country."
conquest
of the Garrison.
at
name
some
The whole
is
of the King's
now known
by the
Woodyard.
extremely
a steep rock,
was
57
road, you
to
this street, or to
by m. becon
along
erly, this
two ex-
stairs.
except that of
street
court,
It
still
A HAWKINS
1834
ST.
LAWRENCE
-I
f^M^'
sumed
now
faqade of
less
its
son of the
rise
empires, of
and decay
man
tability of all
himself,
sublunary
les-
of buildings, of
BISHOPS Chapel
remembered,
mons
until
that the
1834.
It
will
be
HOUSE OF com-
been
pillars
support a pedi-
Arms
of Great Britain."
to
affairs.
Members, and
"Imperial
tt
of the Province.
by contrast the great ad vance of the Province in resources and population, forms
an interesting link between its ancient
and modern history. The venerable Pal-
H'
strength
speaks
tiU
faqade of which
16,000.
It
is
to
be hoped
ture shall
tion of the
But
in
seen to advantage,
row
it is
of houses,
When
all for
the use
Legislature,
58
on
A.
fair
compensation.
the PARLIAMENT
of the ASSEMBLY.
highly necessary
which would
seem to have intruded themselves
between Freemason's Hall and the Seminary, should be removedby an Actofthe
that the
HOUSE
will
appear one of
north America.
HAWKINS
834
y4
->^
'ir?
Ill
'I'jiiiiiiiii'iij,
i^i-
"^fc^lir^""''"--^
ANONYMOUS
(WPOSITE
MILLICENT
MARY CHAPLIN
Water-colour,
It
has been stated that the Convent,
Church and Garden of the RECOLLET
Fathers occupied the site in the front of
the CASTLE of
ST.
URSULINE Convent
tained within
St.
LEWIS, as far as
in
the rear,
Lewis,
St.
the
and con-
Anne and
appropriated as a
site for
on
is
also
The area in
the centre of the Place d'Armes was not
alwaysso large. Until a fewyearsagothe
foundationsof the Recollet Church were
to be traced upon the rocky surface, several yards in advance of the present
boundary on the western side. On
levellingthese foundations, and the rock
on which they stood, two plates were
found.
In the month of July, 1834, on
sinkingoneof the posts which surround
the area of the Place d'Armes some
built
Water-.
11 x 14'/2
1842
inches
and books
for divine
service,
Chapter.
Church
It
until
in a
spacious
iron rails
area,
exterior length
is
35
feet, its
trees.
Its
breadth 73;
communion plate of
thisChurch isvery magnificent, and persons in London went to see it while making in the
Third.
handsomely enclosed by
and gates, and planted with
was
George the
is
an ele-
recently
the Cathedral,
thrown
constructed
in
for the
accommodation,
of
respectively,
the
and female
National Schools the front of each is
a lotted to the
I
in
Recollectioni
54
1834
to St. John's-Gate.
its
interior.
Its
spire
is
seen
Charles,
to
is
cliff
is
LAWRENCE
about three miles. The average diamis about fifteen hundred yards.
eter
may
and
lofty
owing
to
castellated appearance,
Its
round
ditches, embrasures,
its
its
much
without.
A HAWKINS
1834
Recollectiorts
The
here.
is
chimney is
goes upon
Quebec
are, with
few ex-
one
and the other
sufficiently clean;
the roof,
roofs
man
The houses
On the
of the houses,
the
grass,
parades of the garrison take place, particularly on the KINGS birthday. The muster
covering of houses
be
the espla-
CATE.
It
fectly plain in
is
ST.
mode
is
prac-
tised in Scotland.
covered with
gles have
I.LAMBERT
Travels Through
North America
Canada and
1814
fire,
JAMES PATTISON
COCKBURN
5%x 9
Pencil drawing,
inches
deficiency
of this Hospital
It
winteredin
in
who
bought
while
is
and pleasing;
arrangement and
regular
general
the
economy
institution.
front
Its
twenty-eight feet
square. The
main building
feet
which
at
present stands
St.
Lewis, on
English
the
sum
in
is
thirty-three
fifty
thirty feet
long
tal,
for the
arate
house
Nunnery, governed by
ing forty-five
is at
present a
a Superior, hav-
professed
Nuns, a few
A.
HAWKINS
834
A sep-
Recollections
ufacture of
er,
The Nuns
feet in breadth.
occasionally supplied by
is
has
internal,
is
howev-
on
a larger
requires an establishment
is
an establishment
for the
COCKBURN
of the Convent.
IAMBS PATTISON
60
Pencil drawing,
Cy
i^-Jh-t
^'i.
f^'itfe^
m"^"
\ffM^\^:,
-^ ^.m
t^-^ ii-^t_
[bi
I-
-*
>
'
n>
The market-place
Quebec
presents in
them
fur
a slope,
and be
wares as
at
French Canadians
tances very early
come from
in
great dis-
.V
figures, in their
many wear
is
on
still,
them about
ing
people
and
find
all
upon
left.
There you
tions,
tude,
and you
on
ing,
sorts,
find that
direc-
in all
what
interests
their heads,
.''
^ 4.
/I:
^^'"^^^
ri
^''"^^''i^i^^^Mffg^^y
ww^
i^'^
\j^^
The
the
Jesuits'
Crown some
years since,
cupied by a regiment of
is
now
infantry,
oc-
and
makes an excellent and capacious barrack. What was the fathers' pleasure-garden in olden times is now the parade
the Ursuline
large
Roman
its
garden,
in
Convent possesses
as
much
cape again
As
pared with
retain-
ground.
In
other respects
its
little
it
appears
change
to
(ex-
occupants), being
spire,
and
into the
in
62
town
E.
is
reduced
its
to a
extent.
COKE
1833
IHECITADElOFTMf
ST,
LAWRENCE
up
ing in attendance.
and
confess,
should be
every morn-
state of the
Meat is said to lose its flavour by having been frozen; especially if thawed, as
and
It
just
now;
at
is
the
custom
for ladies to
go
to
market, and
lively;
but,
is
it
atmosphere.
It
is
in.
it
to
it
life
again,
if
frozen.
bet-
terto
to
come from
of course,
only
W.
H, C,
KINGSTON
Western Wanderings
1856
lAMES PATTISON
COCKBURN
The Market and
the)esuit
Barracks with
the Catholic
Cathedral
in view,
Quebec,
Lower Canada
1830
Water-colour,
3% X S'/j inches
lAMES PATTISON
^-f'i^S^E^
COCKBURN
'
The Catholic
Cathedral of
Notre Dame
and the Market,
Quebec,
Lower Canada
)uly25, 1830
Water-colour,
lO'Ax 14% inches
it
is
necessary
different barracks
to notice the
for the
been occupied by
name
is
of the
of stone,
is
considerable
area,
gained into
buildings
On theother side
is
sol-
an arch leading
To the left
of the greatentranceisa large dooropeningintoa hall. Here is the room set apart
to the barrack yard
for the
and
offices.
number
of
in St.
Ann
street, in
which
is
LANDERS. This
is
a picturesque
and highly
pearance
the
in the field,
numerous
their
summer
military ap-
very attractive to
strangers
who conclude
estingcapitalofLOWERCANADA.The79th
Regiment is under the
Recollections
63 1
few which
Through
the
of old
the barrack-gate
one of
tenant Colonel
lESUiiS Bar-
Church. The
to the Scottish
is
the
command of Lieu-
DUNCAN MACDOUCALL.
A HAWKINS
Hawkins's Picture of Quebec; with Historical
1834
'-'*
ST.
^*'
<m t
1.
tl
LAWRENCE
'-
.ti^
&
^ ^,A
n^j
M'Ax
River,
1831
igV^inches
[b4
THECITADELOFTHEST IAVVRE\CE
We are
few hours of
of ice,
Quebec
here
is
to Point
and
warmth of the air and earth increased;
and that we should see the river open,
without
degrees
having
observed
became
so.
it
have
pay
tain
its
assert
its
western
is
all
England.
in
we have seemed so
manner excluded.
The hour Is come; have been with a
crowd of both sexes, and all ranks,
hailing the propitious moment: our situation, on the top of Cape Diamond, gave
us a prospect some leagues above and
below the town; above Cape Diamond
the river was open, itwas so below Point
world from whence
world;
the
it, which
one or more
we honour
and
till
superiority over
others,
do
found the great river, as the savages with much propriety call it, mainBut
still
what
by
Inter-
body
uncommon warmth
vene.
loftiness
long
the
of
in
description:
his imagination,
which he
our comparatively
landscape-painter
seek
will
little
in
and
vain
in
world.
We
ness
expectation;
the bridge
seemed
it
made
a pause.
with redoubled
resists for a
extraordinarylnthlsevent,
Imaysocall
if
the eagertide
came
attempts to force
all
the
In length,
having
It
stood
fury, the
still.
It
returned
immense mass
the weather
It;
In
for
Independent of what
tifications,
rock,
and
Quebec
owes
It
situation
Is
on
bore down
in that
[05
ir-
FRANCES 8KOOKE
769
for-
to
Its
much
of
its
I
ofthe winter, as
the top of a
indebted for
all
resistable.
season it
is
wholly
WEIO
the Provinces of
America artd
Upper and Lower Canada 1 799
jl
a cloth
and
a, c^-^^
in
^..^^.^
Lower Canada
1805-06
Water-colour and
pen and ink drawings,
bVi
x8 inches
66
tfi
some-
that
a stuf
tine quality,
cloth
SEMPRONIUSSTRETTON
Fashions
has a loom
in his
house; and
.1
L.
.1
weave
the cloth.
not
i_
more than
.1.
half
what
is
required to
I-
The quantity.
<ri~-X
'^^l..-XUy
,^^,,^.,^^^;^
^^_^
mccricob
t^OS^^^^r
4^ h^-^/r^
[67
1828
)AMES HOPE
The memorial
tary chiefs
in
who fell
posing armies,
in
is
now
of
completed,
and is a conspicuous, as it is the only classical, ornament of the city. It was originally designed by Captain, now Major
YONCE
of
the
79th,
or
Cameron
an
officer
whose
taste
8%
distant view,
is
it
12%
seen
inches
to the best
advan-
in
ment,
KEMPT, C.C.B.,
Levi.
It
is
base
is
To
propor-
On
Govern-
Lieutenant
and a party of
and gentlemen of the city and
vicinity, proceeded to the walk in front of
several military officers,
ladies
minutes
inscription,
to
commanding
finished,
with
the
exception of the
its
completion was witnessed by the zealous patron of the work, the earl of
On the
that
purpose.
memorial
through
to
the
Earl,
of
Mr.
)ohn
completed during
summer of 828,
the
who had
all
Government
of
HAWKINS
Hawkins's Picture of Quebec: with Historical
LORDSHiP,accompanied by hissuccessor
Recollections
[68
A,
834
THOMAS
DAVIES
TheChaudiere
Falls
1792
my
every elegant
ens
we
excel
trees
fields, in
in
human
art
soft-
the riches
and
in all
life;
FRANCtS BROOK!
769
Cimmerian darkness
into an expansive
viewof thefallsandthe lightof heaven. It
appears ike a sudden enchantment, and
I
the imagination
is
and
grandeurof the scene. could have contemplated it for hours; but our time was
short, and we wished to return toQuebec
I
and
air.
before dark.
69
it
all
probability
again.
IIAMBERT
my
formed
must now
the sliding
fulfil
my
down
of Montmorency.
promise
the
.After
to describe
cone of
ice
making many
and
to
fruitlessattemptstoarriveatthetop, with
my
leaned with
digging with
him
it,
ac-
complished my object.
The top was of the shape of a flattened
domeandthe
surfacesufficiently levelto
it
will
more
slide,
on the 23rd of
means
to a
perfect perpendicular,
down seems
seemingly
was
in,
and
on
had no
reflected
that
myself off on
my back,
absolutely shud-
submitted to
my
fate;
and dragging
April,
we
that
sight,
rotten, so that
became
there termed
it
several holes
to
come
admit of several persons standing thereon, being about twenty feet in diameter;
but
which,
length
at
tion
partly
where
We
it
ice,
indicating
we were
we
sliding,
observed several
drive
up
and gentlemen
cone, and the
as-
no
to the
Amongst
the
company was
a Lieu-
who
arrived
70
and we both
felt
instant-
in
was
instantly
away
to-
ANONYMOUS
River,
Lower Canada
1835
Water-colour,
5%
x9Vi inches
OPPOSITE
lAMES PEACHEY
Montmorency
slight
fall is
fall
of
nearly perpendic-
which rendered
proceedcarefully
in
it
in
Lower Canada
able to persuade
distance,
C
was
at
1781 /Water-colour,
Quebec.
1852
part
river receives in
The
river
itself
into
of the ice.
the place
ing,
where
the sleighs
when we heard
were stand-
a loud splashing
we could
readily trace
impetuosity.
In
is
was ever
its
up
of winter,
from
banks,
natural
the
steps,
it
settlement
first
flows,
through which
gypsum
of a whitish colour.
The
fibrous
powerfully impelled
river.
late hills.
down,
bounded by precipitous
is
river, farther
71
in
their
course,
ments of various
The
of
some
of these steps,
is
of observation.
rocks,
going to
more tender
x22y2 inches
lANDMANN
15'/i
necessary to
C.
HERIOT
Canadas
well deserving
iinri
r'---iTnr-
lAMES PATTISON
COCKBURN
In
Lower Canada
on the
St.
1830
The
settlement
derives
its
of
Chateau
cottages; over
They had so
majesty.
It
it
their
fortified
mansion, that
themselves within
field
Ange
on
was
a Franciscan monastery, when the army
under General Wolfe encamped on the
eastern bank of the Montmorenci. As the
monks used their influence among the
inhabitants in their vicinity, to impede a
fice situated
on
Richer,
ruins of an edi-
tance,
itself.
On
the
nation
it
of
forms,
with exalted
C HERIOT
Travels Through the
Canadas
807
tower, which
was formerly
a wind-mill.
By an inscription above the door, it appears to have been built one hundred
and twelve years ago. The parish church
isplaced on a bank, immediately behind
the chateau,
spires.
The
much
celebrated,
few places
in
the
game.
The falls of La Puce are two miles
beyond Chateau Richer, which the
traveller must not omit to see, as they are
well worth his attention, and may be
seen in half an hour without any dif-
of that
pieces were
country.
ficulty.
The
historical rel
ic,
72
in this
village
if
on
have an excellent
he arrives
in
at the pretty
the ti me ot
THEF\VIR()\SOF<JlirBEr
,. Jg.
/i.\!
groupsofthe/iab/tantsaretobeseenout-
side
person
every
knees;
dressed, the
their
respectably
is
manufacture of
above noticed. This scene alone bespeaks not only of the wants of life being
amply supplied, but the numerous carriages clearly
show
this
in
theirreligiousduties,
cottage
their
most remote
on foot or in
neighbour's calech.
may
falls
here procure a
of
St.
Ann,
a dis-
road as-
this
when he suddenly
descendsand
valley of rocks
centre of
till
of the rocks,
when
an angle of
at
forty-
five degrees,
this
it
description
falls
would compare
more extensive
some
scale
to the
on
ANONYMOUS
after descending
it
The
diversified
it
The
hurries
Water-colour, 9Vi x
appearance of the
scenery.
II
PCOCKBURNI
Environs
[7i
5%
inches
IAME5 PATTISON
COCKBURN
St.
1829
any escape
prepared
innumerable
Ann
poles are
The
other method they have of taking them is
by nets, by which means they are
enabled to preserve them alive, and kill
them occasionally for their own use, or
sometimes even
that the
at a less rate.
environs,
beauty of
the
process
St.
In
Upon
and
addition
Ann and
by which
remarking.
appears
loftiest
It
in
is
its
the
worth
wood
at St.
when
The
may be
Madame
seen
in
Fon-
perfec-
placed
at
nets,
the
the opposite; a
man
is
74
tree,
with a rope
in his
hand
the
net
immediately
when
falls
and
vast
has ceased to be
it
will
fatigue.
On
should,
if
he has time,
farm called
nery,
II
St.
visit
third
day
COCKBURN]
Its
the
he
the Priest's
and on the
Quebec and
for
Environs
1831
to
Quebec.
his nviT,
Irorii
MontrodI
Quebet,
matched
sides,
to
exhibits a
numerous on
on the
woods,
which
on both
themselves
lose
sides,
the
in
St.
JAMES PEACHEY
IHt
ROAD TO MONTREAL
earth:
trees,
landscapes, to which
at a dis-
form a variety of
it
is
difficult to
do
justice.
had
in
making
the
saw
voyage agreeable
to
her.
in
our favour,
FRANCES BROOKE
Three Rivers, Lower Canada, from the road leading to Pointe du Lac
man on
Water-colour, 5Vi x
trit)es
1784
2 inches
posed
to
accustomed
tion,
and the
branches.
is
On
flat,
ascending
its
course, the
commerce
lor peltry,
which
in
the in-
Saint Lawrence.
some
75
who
discontinued
their
visits.
Ursulines, to
humane
G HFRIOr
Travels Through the Caryadas
institution.
THE
ROAD TO MONTREAL
<i^ikjtk''<:
Water-colour,
To clear lands
5% x9l4
1835
inches
about
down
the
together,
in
wood
and burn
it;
it
per acre.
C.
HERIOT
1176
Canada^
807
first
year,
and cease
to
can be sown.
THE
ROAD TO MONTREAL
MILLICENT
The forges on the
St,
MARY CHAPLIN
Water-colour,
On
S'/i
[St.
the soil in
is
17'/4
1841
inches
tioned
with ochre.
filled
and
It
and
friability,
possesses softness,
for
promoting
found in
its
used.
is
soft, pliable,
its
little
The
subject to the
property
influence of
Quebec, on
lease, at the rate ofeight hundred pounds
per annum. The ore lies in horizontal
strata, and near the surface. It is com-
rented by a
company
at
employed
wood
in its
only
is
latter
77
807
is
applied, which
G. HERIOT
Travels
rust.
is
highly
MONTREAl-LAVILLE
is
grand beyond
prodigious expanse of
noble
ly
is
laid
river
down
where it is hurried
I
who
to dinner.
its
churches,
monasteries,
little
its
old
soil is richer,
greatly to the
its
and beyond it, is a range of lofty mountains which terminates the prospect.
Such an endless variety and such a grandeur is there in the view from this part of
the mountain, that even those who are
most habituated to the view, always find
ita fresh subject of admiration whenever
they contemplate it; and on this part of
the mountain it is that the club which
mentioned generally assembles. Two
I
by the space of
six
thither in slays,
is
America and
/ 799
the Provinces of Upper and tower Canada
Trave/s Through the States oi North
large
tions.
glittering
walls; several
conveyed
from Boston.
WELD
spires,
are likewise
renders
it
preferable to
weeks. This
climate and
inhabitants
States,
who
reside
of
the
United
[78
is
lately rebuilt.
These,
Canadas
1807
Quebec, as a
when
H iiONNVCASTLE
The Canadas
in
84
1841
GEORGE HERIOT
MONTREAL -lAVILLE
St.
Helen's Island
ca.
1800
V /7/,m J
/Jte
f/u
./'>/i.
,///u ^^OU./lf/JlJn.
)AMES PEACHEY
Montreal, Lower Canada, from the top
of the
Mountain
October
15,
Water-colour, 5 x 10 inches
[79
1784
MONTREAL- LA VILLE
is
east.
The upper
Roman
is
a large
the
Place d'Armes.
this
ior
in
never in a state
An act of the colonial legislature, was some me ago passed, for thei
ular army.
total
in
a great
TheCatholic
is
many
is
and Scotch
city,
ally
in
the week,
and the
ly.
English
Dame
monument
will
statue, with
number of years.
C HERIOT
Travels Through the
upon the
E T
Canadas
[81
807
very gener-
never saw
dirty building;
The town was enclosed by a stone fortification, which, having long fallen to
ruins, is now in a great measure levelled,
or removed. ltwasthusfortified,toguard
reside in the
is
erable
estates, a
Though so
Market-house
manner
all real
derived.
ti
its
is
the head of
is
surmounted by his
an inscription and relievos
pedestal.
CCKE
A Subaltern's
it
Furlough
1833
ji
The
city
some
possesses
fine
MONTREAL- LA VIILE
public
in
in
a large stained
is
window, representing
the ascension of
my opinion executed
the
body
lAMES PATTISON
COCKBURN
of the
church.
Lower Canada
[
July 2
COKE
Water-colour,
A Subaltern's
The
Furlough
reside.
still
where
is
St.
which
served by nuns,
the Court
Paul-street;
theCovernment House,
are ancient
forlorn-looking edifices of
of
some
the
and
size.
Recollets
a large but
near
some
is
it,
is
the
in
829
inches
bad
or
is
1 ,
16'/4
Dame-
which
2%
1833
mercantile street
principal
Paul-street, or that
new
college,
which
is
an addition to
correctness of taste
and exhibits
the plan on
in
unchanging
feature,
new market-
in their exterior.
in
largest
open
military band.
In
82
isle
Amongst
these,
all
the
shrewd and
the
his
H 80NNVCASTLE
The Canadas
in
84
184t
JAMES PATTISON
COCKBURN
MONTREAL- LA VIILE
The
IS,
taste.
little
The
in-
all
the para-
it
a very
com-
many people
church
I.
in
lAMStRT
Traveli
t8l-
(83
6x10 inches
In the
MONTREAL-LA VILLE
when
the
Montreal
large
city
about
time,
in
compelled
were
canoes; while,
their dwellings
to
in-
fear
that
water,
it
is
in
it;
and whereverthis
is
in
moving border on
fresh
the outside of
bright sun
eye could
Lawrence
was covered with blocks of ice, one
overlapping the other, at an angle of
about 45. In some places the slabs had
reach, the surface of the
St.
HENRY lAMESWARRE
St.
Lawrence River
same
would be completely
1'
move
at the
in
'
was
;i\
suburb of
west of the
to the
Iv-^^-^t?
r.'^^^pk .r.^
cold increases,
is
continually
augmented by the adherence of the icesheets, which have been coasting along
it; and as the stationary border thus robs
the moving one, this still further
some
at the
where
which
the river
the
is
The
first
many channels
split
St.
into
process.
"As soon as
wintry barrier
is
thrown
it
stoppmg
some ten
whole surface
hi locks,
I
of the quays,
[84
considerable
grandeur,
this
of
floating
time assumed a
river.
Peter,
character
downward
this
ice-
is
which has by
usually formed
parts
ice,
rent
where the
any position, where the cur-
barrier gains
is
"There
is
no place on the
St.
Lawrence
it
in front
of the
MONTREAL- LA VILLE
tains
is
sometimes
height of twenty,
summer
its
level.
It
snows
tion of the
ing of the
whole
and the
into a solid
after
it
at-
become
has
sudden
water, occasioned by
rise in the
it
twenty feet
freez-
body,
some
greater
lifting
many
it
from the
vast
mass
hydraulic
majesty,
it
when forced
encounters, and
row part
sure
:^^\
iV^lfv
^^-i^
up
it
it
into a nar-
the banks,
where
it
sometimes ac-
cumulates
feet.
ia-)0
x2
8'/4
town
of Montreal, there
phenomena
summer
now a great
ot the taking,
grandly
ilar to this
where
the
all
displayed
as
in
the
neigh-
irresistible
power. Standing
for
down
like a
the Styx,
of ice
barrier
power
of the
ice,
the
scene
have
engineering science
is
now attempting to
Lake
St.
occurs
in
upwards,
Peter
it
will
not
of Montreal;
which
and
island of
St.
between the
this
built, the
sloping
of trap, affords a
it
may
when
"The water
the ice-houses
marked
W.H.G. KINGSTON
harbour usually
in the
plough, which
They
an
first
ice-
fourorfive
dis-
on the
is in
common
engaged
readiness to
similar to a
plough. Other
water
men
to a spot
Western Wanderings
ice with
the city.
in
a furrow
at-
right
fill
was
ice to
wall
before
By thetimethe ice has become stationary at the foot of St. Mary's Current,
the waters of the St. Lawrence have
usually risen several feet in the harbour
swell.
river.
terrace
in
is
85
feet in thickness,
in length.
told for a
dollars; but
it.
H.C, KINGSTON
Western Wanderings
and
Thechargewewere
1856
^A^
:y^^^._
much:
in
as there
the winter,
dissipation;
don't feel
it
so
is
'tis
amusement
is
the study of
upon
-^-^ -^-y
/^
the whole,
//^ ^j
^^
Sleighing
MONTREAL - LA VIILE
am
not
In
Canada
1842
sure
it
is
of England.
objects
uncommonly warm;
sky, the dry
pure
air,
little
parties of
new
that
is
to
difficult
pleasant to
spirits in a
to
feel.
abundance
of people
86
we
FRANCES BROOKE
769
PHILIP
)OHN BAINBRIGGE
The
fort at
1838
in
latitude 45 55',
is
longitude 73 22',
agreeably situated
theSorel
at the
orChambly
confluence of
river,
its
rise
directing
its
through
runs
counlry,
by several
farms.
where
On
fertile
its
and
pleasant
valuable
and productive
was
two
forts situated
on
its
composed
of cedar
Chambly,
built of stone in a quadrangular form, and
having the appearance of a castle. It is the
onlyedifice in North America, which has
any resemblance to that ancient mode of
pickets
and
structure. Saint)ohn
and a company
tillery,
is
a frontier garrison,
of infantry,
and some
it.
ar-
As the
France, as a defence
M.
constructed
viceroy of
in
1665, by M. de Tracy,
New
received
its
bly, exhibits a
87
river.
in this part
rushes
down
pleasingshape, rears
tain, of a
in
by
and elevated moun-
a declivity, interrupted
rocks; an extensive
between
its
pure water.
)uly,
great
quantities
rafts,
itself aloft,
and confines
down this
frequently of
river,
used
in
ship-building,
ported to England.
C HERIOI
Travels
Through the
Canada
807
1!
THOMAS
DAVIES
Water-colour,
1759
morning we
left
Ticon-
deroga, and
it
people
in
it
the neighbourhood
dollars,
per annum,
made
use of the
winter season,
when the
of.
Crown Point
spot
is,
tavern.
I.WtLO
America and
Upper and Lower Canada 1 799
the Provinces of
89
JAMES HUNTER
when we saw
it;
but
in
which
the timber
was sold
Lower Canada
as
it
is
this
the British
Champlain.
The country about
St.
John's
is flat,
and
fire in
the
and destroyed
miles;
in
all
some
the
woods
parts
of
suffer
for several
the
neigh-
extremely
fuel.
I.WELD
Travels Through the Slates of North America
the Provinces of
90
and
799
1779
lESPATRtOTES
lAMES HOPE
The 7th Hussars
Lower Canada
in
Quebec,
1838
Water-colour,
eVi X a% inches
made
Markham, with
the light
company
until
fire
of the
from some
in
the afternoon,
He
Papineau and
"Sonsof Liberty" formed a
confederation, planted the tree and
which time Captain Markham, assisted by Lieutenant ngl is and a small party,
in attempting to carry a building, was
severely wounded, and brought to the
To drive them
strongholds, two
ing before
their first
raised the
cap of
from these
liberty.
fortified
Mon-
at
ing
made
prisoner,
when
Sergeant Al-
sant
fell,
in
effected
an inces-
by the blue
St.
summoned
On
arriv-
of contempt.
state
mud,
another
sergeant's arms.
seized a bridge
treal.
in
wretched
bemg
frozen
at top,
St.
Dennis,
foundihe rcbelsoccupycngthevillage
in
attack
whilst
was
led
by
Captain
in
the
brave
immoveably by
the frost in a deep rut, from which itcould
not be brought to bear, and the ammunifield-piece being fixed
tion
nearly
expended,
all
Captain
great force.
The
wound
91
oners.
No
sooner,
act
of
treachery
so
exasperated
the
fury,
and
general
massacre
ensued; and many were drowned in attempting to escape the enraged soldiery.
The estimated loss of the rebels was
about 300,
On
the
and wounded.
appearance of the troops
killed
first
LESPATKIOIES
fBttr
-^ifafe.;;^:^,^^,:
^fe=:_-^^.-i^::lAMES HOPE
before
St.
under pretence of
procuring reinforcements; while Papineau and O'Callaghan, who had "Fled
like crows when they smell powder"
preferred viewing the engagement from
leaders
deserted,
some 1,500
taken and
;
upon
standard,
wooden
tablet,
the pole of
which was
On
9x13
in
At St. Dennis, the howitzers and wounded men were retaken, and the strongholds of the rebels reduced to ashes.
Upon the first intimation of the chance
of rebellion in Lower Canada, Sir |ohn
Colborne did everything that a skillful
commandercould devise lobe prepared
to meet it; and, being cut off from all
chances of succour from home, (the
winter having set in) he instantly communicated with the governors of New
Brunswickand Nova Scotia, in the event
of requiring reinforcements;
which
rein-
onies
woods between
and Quebec.
therefore,
of
In
anticipation,
services
their
required, engineers
those col-
being
were despatched
under Wetherel, at
Montreal, Sir John Colborne sent reinforcements to Colonel Gore, with instructions that he should follow up the
advantages already gained, and reduce
torious
brigade,
1838
Fall
inches
Nova
ne of the ir
garrison
at
and
John
St.
about
serious char-
line
was
to
Madawaska
accomplished
arrival at
in
to pass "the
to
Quebec;
Portage"
this
they
Quebec was
hailed as next to a
such a march
in
of uni-
New
Brunswick,
time
of the inhabitants of
and
New
Scotia
at Halifax,
in
Fredericton.
at that
92
wings,
their loyalty
for,
in
LESPATRIOTES
Thi- 4 in
Kii;inient
Arrival at the
St.
December, 1837
the
for
it
the
of the 43rd
and
suffered severely
charitable
On
of
support
relief.
the 12th of
December, the
first
keep our
legs
Our
above
dog 'Bob'
company
left
otherfive.
jolly
made
warm and
of seal-skin, rather
comfortable;
covers,
and
a pair of blankets.
were served
received
The
field
officers
out,
rum
allowance.
were allowed
a sleigh for
from the
good
jolly
Padres,
"Round
tat oily
men
of
Cod
as ever
On coming
means
merry
sang a psalm.
Or closed a penitential fee devoutly in
their palm."
wasexcellent, and
93
who were
fellows,
themselves and baggage, and a campkettle. Each sleigh, drawn by two horses,
held eight
much hospitality
is
of
it
immense
loads are
is
by
made
abso-
Madawaska, the
camp on the left
bank of the river of that name. "We were
After
leaving
the
first
LESPATRIOTES
'^'^
''^
M^
')
H'
t^
^'t^'i
PHILIP
&
all
snow-storm and
were compelled to remain in
notwithstanding the
cold,
the
we
night,
any time
to stay
thisone
in the
being impossible
it
in particular,
of smoke.
feet in length
at the
by eight-
when our
in
We
feet
former one
generally
is
suffocated, as
in
the
latter.
than ours, and worse adapted to the purpose, could not possibly be made.
always had
to wait
some time
provision-sleigh's arrival,
and
and the
the line of
we
usually
well
bestiffened
Camping
in the
Indian fashion
work
in
to
and got up
renew our
woods
is
cold,
in
winter
fires.
in
the
perfect 'feather-bed'
comparison
to this, as in the
many
instances were
three regiments,
their
country
tion in their
were
in
at a
who
time
passed through
when
the popula-
immediate neighbourhood
open
rebellion,
gives
the
few
trees, felled
St.
Water-colour,
6 X 8% inches
hopes
impressions produced
reflections
on the
to Point Levi,
across the
Quebec
St.
in
log canoes.
ice, on which, as
was propelled downwards by the
stream, the
canoe
men
Queen's Volunteers
in their
rough
whole
population
cheering
vocifer-
regularly feted.
opposite to
[94
by slanderous
Denis,
Lower Canada
1837
able: they
last
late
part of
at
was
at night
was. Well!
it
We
for the
lOHN
BAINBRICCE
C A LEVINCE
1
849
LESPATRIOTES
'^^'
to;
^j[pbi
'lU-v
^^":'
-It
\
PHILIP
JOHN BAINBRIGCE
The
ruins of
Sir
St.
Cavalry,
and
Montreal Volunteer
his
the
Mon-
Royal Montreal
Rifles,
and Clobinsky's
who had
the chief
Artillery
command,
1838
St.
Water-colour,
6x9 inches
Corps having
Rifle
ed, whilst
the church
slaughter ensued
imagined,
when
it
is
known
that the
the Commander-in-chief.
280 yards
dis-
volleys
of
whilst
prisoners
F.
Peltier fled
with
Cirod.
Lieutenant-colonel Eden, Deputy Adjutant-general, Colonel
Quartermaster-general,
Gore, Deputy
the
personal
of the
was
necessarytoassaultandcarry thechurch
and presbytery by the bayonet.
tance,
and
contmued
there
and
In this
the
in the seignior's
rebellion
private killed,
made
it
of a
their services
action
whole
house,
honour
corporal and 7
[95
H BONNVCASTLE
Canada. As llWas,
Is,
And May Be
1852
Sunday, November
4,
LESPATRIOTES
1838
came
at
[Edward
again
bed a
war
& guns
cry, burst
fired at the
on
all
sides,
prisoners,
chemise,
in
&
alone, en
ruffians, all
knives,
and
pikes,
to
advise us,
in
the village
passed
of a
hand
in
hand,
in
a day
we
the midst
other,
who
sitting
What
&
orders
severe
trial
all
The
Him
was
it
ruffian looking
men
In
came
to see
the
window picturesque
ruffians
The
rebels at Beauharnois,
Lower Canada
1838
lANE ELLICE
Water-colour,
Diary
9b
9%
6V'2
inches
UPPER CANADA
when England
transportation at the
Years' War.
til
it
North
America.
groups
Several
of
and
Kingston,
Royal Engineers
decades to come. His Yonge Street connected with the Indian trails and portages
and continued to Lake Huron. George
Arctic,
passing
through
Fort
ticularly struck
to
neering feats
Dawson Road
new
Lieutenant-
at Fort
Frontenac
that took
first
first
the-Lake. This
legislature at Niagara-on-
town was
to
was moved
to York,
remain the
796 when it
new republic
Trenton,
When
General Simcoe
97]
moved
the
and
now known
as
last half
of the
HENRY FRANCIS
SEAWAY COUNTRY
AINSLIE
Water-colour,
dollars.
articles,
amount
guide,
is
to twelve
from ten
to
or fourteen
wise kept
for
in
10x14
transporting
and
troops,
Inches
necessaries
stores
department; likewise
tribes.
widest
contains twenty-
number, of from
number of
part, generally
five barrels, or a
proportionate
is
their
departure
ficulties,
required
fifty
La
Chine,
in
to afford aid to
from
and
laborious
in effecting this
exertions
voyage. About
this route,
distributed
to
the
Indian
C HERIOT
like-
presents
In
cupation
ash.
bateaux are
articles of Euro-
Joseph's
to thirty
the
for
engineer
and bring down for the objects of commerce which are conveyed up, wheat,
flour, salted provisions, peltry and pot-
From twenty
the
for
thence
on
to
direct
in
Lake
the
new
Ou-
course to Saint
807
srAWAV COUNTRY
WILLIAM ROEBUCK
The lock on
the
Water-colour,
stranger
is
Vi
filled
St.
Lawrence
with admiration, on
and finest
weather, all the noise, effect, and agitation, which the most violent conflict
between the winds and waters is capable
beholding,
in
the calmest
of exhibiting.
In
locks
on
River,
Lower Canada
being
C HERIOT
Travels Through the Canada^
lost.
the
99
1820
7 inches
We now
SEAWAY COUNTRY
town of Cornwall,
a place of
is
some
the
size,
Opposite Cornwall,
bank,
on the south
is
line
New
of
State
Lawrence.
York
Thus
upwards on the
the
left
strikes
the
territory
hand
is
St.
going
that of the
Canada.
way
a curious
ally steps
up the
country
gate
is
St.
is
at-
is repeated; or, if
only one lock at that place, she
paddles on along the canal, splashing
there
is
in the green
through which she passes, or putting to flight herds of frisky youngcolts, or
innocent lambs, who cannot make out,
fields
for
their
lives,
what
strange
noisy
To be
mounting locks
is
may be walking
about, or eating, or
it is
one's
amusement
Thus our
huge steamer was carried up a hill some
hundred feet in height without any further manual exertion than that employed
by the old lock-keepers in turning the
inside the vessel.
let in
U H C KINGSTON
Western Wanderings
856
100
H.S.
The Long
1849
SEAWAY COUNTRY
Saull
Water-colour,
101
St.
many
After so
prove the
little
legality
man
any
in
consequently as
much
entitled to the
no greater
SEAWAY COUNTRY
account but
their
Sovereign,
and
fidelity
may be
defend the lower settlements, from the irruptions of the Iroquois. La Calotte
part of the great river, in
the
waters
much
are,
in
which
C HERIOT
Canadas
102
rapidity, although
very few
places,
broken.
is
the cur-
807
to
their
ANONYMOUS
The Case and Claim of the American toyalisis Impartiaity Staled and Considered
783
1
)AMES PEACHEY
Encampment
on no other
Lawrence River
)une6, 1784
We saw
little in
interest or
breakfast
the
please.
town of Prescott
to
After an excellent
we embarked on
board the
Great
steamer we had
and here we were joined by our
new friends,
in
a
St.
we had
yet observed
on our
route.
to
C r TRAlll
^^^^^^^^
yet seen,
tfhr^-^
We now
SEAWAY COUNTRY
Water-colour. 9 x
our night
ceptible.
night; but
We
transit
left
was
in its extent,
in its
motion,
scarcely per-
on Lake Ontario
1839
2 Vz inches
103 1
we made
but
had, therefore,
shores.
R
H BONNYCASTIE
The Canadas
in
184
SEAWAY COUNTRY
in the wall.
supported by
Col.
was so strong, that but ittle impreswas made against it. Captain Sandom, R.N., with two Gun Boats and a
Steamboat, took up a position in the
River below the Mill, which he cannonaded with two 1 8 Pounders, but
It
being
Dundas moved
on both
and so posted as
flanks,
to
company
of the 93rd
now
Mill being
and
fire to
been displayed
from the Mill, Col. Dundas, with that
humanity always a prominent attribute
of the truly brave, accepted an uncondia white flag having
tional surrender,
sixteen
carried out.
Ten
powder and
barrels of
several
Three pieces of
placed
artillery
in front of
were
sion
FortWellington Stands
of the
and are very wide, having broad sloping roads on each side to
enable troops to quickly gain the summit, transport cannon, &c. In the old
days four pieces of artillery were mounted at the corners of theembankment, but
only the iron runways are to be seen now.
The fort building, or block-house as it
age."
ever,
in effecting a
breach
Mill,
except the
at theeastern end
town and, viewed from a distance
westward, seems to block King street, the
highway (the King's Highway as it was
wont to be called) taking a bend towards
the river at this point. The fort was built
during the war of 1812, apparently to
hold in check the Americans who were
ever on the look-out to pounce upon
reinforcements and supplies for the British military points above. The original
building was of timber; this was replaced
tended to be used
Its
into
siderable space
was
the
first comprising
Some
distance beyond
stuck
fretful
por-
stronghold
in
it
was built
to military
in
men
such a place
to destroy the
town. So,
all
its
Royal Canadian Regiment was quartered here for some time. Within the lines
with bright
tory fails to
When
It
is
in-
arms
is
gallery
wherein
vaulted chambers
mill,
dows and
on fire,
which was occupied
the
its
was demonstrated.
utility
ABOVE
Prescott,
ANONYMOUS
militia
encampment
Water-colour, 9V4 x
at
site of the
the fort
all
itself is in
During
Canada
Lord
place at the
fort.
present assured
real
good
repair.
Lisgar's
sham
fight
An old
me
sojourn
sham
a very spirited
fight
soldier who
that
it
was
in
took
was
the most
in.
The
man,
Sergt. Press,aveteranartilleryman.
Canadian
"Battle of the
Illustrated
Windmill"
316 inches
104
there are
ficers' quarters,
ca.
News
1839
1867
January 5,
878
SE^^vAv
COUNTRY
[105
sf^vv^v( ouNTRV
BROCKVILLE
The
District
trict, in
the
St.
Lawrence,
Population, 2111.
Dis-
on
miles east
fifty-six
it.
was
It
laid
out
in
802, and
is
district
handsome
town,mostofthehouse5andotherbuild-
now
incorporated. This
is
many of
Crown.
The court
some stone building. There
used.
viz..
are
six
Episcopal,
and Congregational,
all
of which are
boats call here regularly, on their passages to and from Montreal and King-
ston.
Professions
is
tist
sicians
one
grist mill,
waggon makers,
smiths,
four
blacksmiths,
two
tinsmiths,
two hatters,
two bank
agencies "Montreal," and "Commernet makers, six groceries,
cial."
District,
"Brockville Recorder."
rather roc k, n the
i
the town,
is
tioned a few
St.
On an
island, or
Lawrence, opposite
Andrew N. Buell.
Pnnc/pa/ Tavern. "Wilson's."
/.and Agent.
sta-
rifles.
W
Smith's
H.SMITH
Camdian
Gazetteer
I
ROBERT ACKERMANN
The Court House and jail on the
north side of Court House Square,
ca. 1850
Brockville, Canada West
Water-colour,
106
SEAWAY COUNTR'i
{107
SEAWAY COUNTR'i
HENRY FRANCIS
Gananoque
Mills,
AINSLIE
1839
Upper Canada
Water-colour, 9 x
2'/2
inches
Canmouth
same name, where some
A tew
miles from
Kingston,
where
there
is
now
at
is
of reducing grain to
the
its
different condi-
established a set of
which are,
Canada, as
well as the best conducted. was indeed
surprised, on a subsequent visit to this
who
Messrs. M'Donell,
in
machinery.
reared, as
it
were,
in the
bosom
markets, and
of
R. H.
is,
in
in the
flour
is
Canadian
The Cananoqui
deservedly celebrated
ment
are extremely
in the
United
BONNYCASTLE
The Canadas
in
108
184
1841
States, or in
Great
Britain.
lAMESPEACHEY
The
Water-colour,
June 1783
2% X 20'/! inches
Kingston
first
is
called
sin
cir-
upon
shown
whose
as a curiosity.
Frontenae, of course,
hands of the
unfortu-
one of
years ago
the brink of
fell
complete.
site
is
still
remained,
and a triangular
building, which surrounded one of the
bastions.
was
the
French,
that
It
was
speedily
it
Henessin's account of
work extant,
in
its
in
to
1830,enough of theold
show
its
former strength,
109
es-
in L)p-
the
p)er
into
British,
sion, that
it
than a mile
now presents
in length,
a front of
somewhat more
whilst
its
more
TheCanadasinl84l
Ml
is
every
KINGSTON'
Point
commerce between
and
were
Kingston, for
we
left
excepted.
1
WELD
Travels
Upper Canada
Through the
the Provinces of
States of
799
he
feels
resources so completely
his
water.
On
Kingston there
is
another which
is
a King's
dock
and
Most
yard,
private property.
on Lake
when we
crossed
it,
three
vessels of about
carrying from
eight
to
twelve
guns,
last,
boat.
When
where there
last,
no
had
is
I
several
frigates
launching,
felt
nearly
ready
for
American naval
end
of Lake Ontario. Accordingly, on the
morning of the 6th of August, crossed
Sackett's Harbour, the
station,
which
lies
the
St.
no
KINGSTON
*^-^*^(ifNm^^-Pr
ca.
1825
which
article
in
on
the lakes,
pect.
fortification
On a verdant slope
a
beautiful
lake, stands
building of dark
blue stone,
with
Saratoga.
strike
Kingston, have
end,
in
come
to
and
at
serve no further
purpose
shining
tin roof,
foreigner
with
the
in
Every thing
now
The huge ships, the powder magazines, the forts and batteries, the sentries
passing their rounds, a fine range of
liveliest
impression.
Travels in
1828
North America
182')
irt
seen
is
the strong
carts,
town of Kingston
begins to show itself; and the vessel
Navy Bay and Point
glides
past
Frederick, between which the eye rested, in days of yore, on several enormous
hulls of first-rate men-of-war and frigates, with the customary appendages of
a large royal dock and ordnance wharf.
all
111
8 H BONNYCASTlt
The Cartadas
ir}
1841
1841
HARRIET CARTVVRIGHT
Kingston
trade,
is
and
it
consequently increasing
who
hunt
KINCSTON-CUARDIANOFTHELAKES
Kingston,
Upper Canada
Water-colour,
1832
Kingston,
able town
retained
with
streets
reached town
in
in
the Episcopal
other.
to
begin to
li-
scantily
portion of the
on
St.
large.
at
is
not
Kingston
tablished
are
houses
partners
at
of old
Montreal
es-
and
place. Kingston
which
in a
it
is
prosperous
is
town
is
soil.
state.
station.
It
is
also a military
The population,
souls.
A,
the Provinces ol
America and
1799
FERCUSSON
Practical
Canada
Notes
Made
During
1831
Tour
in
R H,
BONNYCASTLE
The Canadas
112 }
are but
The superior
towards the
and naval
believe,
is
principal
width, and
the
in
the neighbour-
in
the
the Indians,
regularity,
venient;
we
well have
consequently
comfortable, and
just as
the lake
ly
x9'/4 inches
which might
its
some
Our
b%
in
1841
1841
RIDEAUCANAl
PHILIP
IN
DEFENCE OF A COLONY
)OHN BAINBRIGGE
event of
which
in
Forthecostoftransportingordnanceand
bered that
ways
St.
in
my
relinquish
without
is
we
to assist the
It
Canadians
in
defend-
Our
present duty
is
most clear
its
imperative character
is
not al-
national
advance, as it will be
risk
of
it
defensive warfare.
opinion,
dishonour,
which,
hostilities,
1841
{detail!
in
af-
and
the
means
of rendering
to give
113
tered
in that
contingency.
B HAIL
Travels in North
1828
1829
America
in the Years
1827 and
PHILIP
lOHN BAINBRICCE
1838
and
the canal
States frontier.
a halt; Brewer's
Upper
Mills,
two
and
R H,
In
BONNVCASTLE
The Canadas
in
1841
1841
we embarked in
leafless
boughs,
like
ghosts
in
the water.
nectsby
Irrawaddy.
There
is
feet
containingthe
a series
workmanship (and
which cost upwards of a million) the
waters of the Ottawa with those of Lake
most
expensive
114
E,
ALEXANDER
L'Acadie
1849
RIDE
AUCA\M^ IN
DEFENCE OF A COLOW
'^
GEORGE SETON
The 'drowned
land'
Water-colour, b'A x
It
llon
the
t'rom
Rideau
Canal
re-ac-
com-
again restored to
Bay
until
mills, five
it
up the
reaches the
first
inlet of the
locks at the
136 miles
River,
length about
1
6 or
distant,
is
47; their
7 feet.
sive scale,
in
England.
Where such
on
9%
Upper Canada
862
inches
in
place
to
exceedingly unhealthy.
the
one
workmen
at the mills
in the vicinity
saw many of
who were per-
found invaluable
115
for the
it
will
transpor-
St.
upon
their
bank of the
river.
New York,
it
considerable.
COKE
A Subaltern's
Furlough
1833
1839
The
mass
great
work
of
is
now
mile,
traveller;
its
is
twenty-five
through
stiff
clay,
with flood-gates
drain
to
the
canal,
The
tourist
has
and
Ifever any
adequately described
They have
a total
lift
in a
small space.
of eighty-one feet
durable limestone
hewn
built of a
and
cement.
is
known by
the
name
which
whole
of Hull
frail
best, or
number, cannot be
where even
at
mud and
By-Town, which is
328 miles distant from Toronto, 157V2
from Kingston by the old route, 127V2
by the new, in 45 24' north latitude,
pers' Bridge,
of,
it
was Colonel
excepting those
who
knew
to
Lake Ontario, so as
rapids of the
in
and
flood,
was executed in a
a country where forest
the world,
in
silence
in a
country
line
St.
exposed,
in
116
H BONNYCASTLE
The Canadds
in
of the
and troops by a
length, to an enterprizing
avoid the
the kind
to
1841
enemy.
its
Chaudiere
8YTOWN
Falls
on
Water<olour, 9 x
One
the
1
NATIONS CAPITAL
Ottawa River
at
which
was, ot course,
When
sheerdescent,
called,
price that he
fixed
ol the
stormy
tails in
it
is
By-Town,
with
in
order
supplies of materials
and
to
open up
to
obtain
and provisions,
wooden
and
islets,
until
of limber-work
feet in
in
it
by
piles,
ances. The
mode he
took was, to
make a
infinite labour,
establishing
it
on Philemon Wright's
on
abandoned
down
the
span. This
chasm
is
in front
of a
situation,
Province.
falls,
WHG
H BONNVCASTIE
The Canadas
in
W-il
117
KINGSTON
Western Wanderings
1841
if
and
not
and Upper
Canada gained a city which would
otherwise have belonged to the Lower
so convenient,
the idea,
a heavy ficxjd
for a
he contemplated
and sank
1839
2V2 inches
1856
RYTOVVN
NATIONS
<
APITAL
ANONYMOUS
One of the proposed
designs for the
Houses of Parliament
to
be
built at
Ottawa
Water-colour,
36 x24 inches
his notions of
for
banishment,
for
Canada
It
is
at best
simple
is
the
One doesn't
man to accept
make
distant.
till you see the Parliament
and then you'll be delighted,"
friends, so went, and found that
"But wait
my
to a
as
idiots, that
perhaps
human
race.
buildings,
said
all
118
lust as
good a reason
as might be alleged
to the
it
ruption for
I
tawa seems
to
be entitled
to take first
rank.
C ROSE
The Great Country: or /mpress/ons ol America
1868
C.WILLIAMS
BYTOUN
The Prince
ot
came down
rain
than ever,
cheering
still
lustily.
Precisely
at
taster
the Victoria
House, under
1st),
the
a royal salute,
foundation-stone of the
new
was
perfectly
\ATION
s t
M'lTAI
11x14
slide at
1860
inches
ed by the Board
of
Works.
eleven
Water-colour,
Meanwhile, the
H.R.H. and
room
suite,
They then
proceeded to the Chaudiere Falls, situated near the city; and viewed the slides
over which the timber passes, on a raft
which had been previously constructed
by Mr. Skead. The Prince and the entire
the
shortly
after.
the
119
MORGAN)
BYTOWN- A
MR. FORD
Water-colour,
House
We
tables
first
view
of
New
of
NATION'S CAPITAL
8x10
inches
many
years
have
left
and
this
first
time
my own home
is its
for
tables
ble?
and there is no view whatever from it, though it is near the river
and we have come through hundreds of
the land'send,
lived in a
it!
Government
in state
through the
Friday, 28lh.
We have driven
buildings.
substitute!
siastic
more
this
to live here at
that in winter
Our house
The weather
warm and
120
is
we
morrowtoinspectmilitiaatPrescott,and
is,
later.
comfortable,
listen to
the
large,
Governor-General may
cheerful reflec-
My
1891
WILLIAM DENNY
paramount work Is
by which the Interior of fifty surveyed townships will be
laid open for settlement, on the finest
lands in the province, by ofjening that
river to the Rice Lake, and thence, by
works either performed, or projected,
through a series of other connected lakes
and rivers, into Lake Simcoe, and thence
to Lake Huron. So that it is now by no
means Improbable that vessels may load
in London, and deliver their cargoes in
Michigan, either by the Welland Canal
Connected with
this
direct, or
Trent,
which
latter will
be the
safest,
and
the
exposure to the
River, Trenton,
Canada West
1845
10x1 3% inches
fresh-watersea
statist
whose
ture nation,
may become
ing,
some
that
internal
resources
of
Insignificance.
com-
command
industry will
unfolded
wealth.
embraced by
the
St.
Surrounded
the west
Imagining
and
a
its
belt
population
1121
the
neighbouring
Britain,
of
millions.
British feelings
R H BONNYCASnt
The Canadas in 1841
1841
in religion.
SUSANNA MOODIE
The
first
iron
mine
in
Water-colour, 7Vi x
is
Pe-
Simcoe,
it
iron.
R
MARMORA
A Township
1 1
in
1841
is
from north
to south.
Its
iron ore,
which
is
is
unfortunately
fell
sufficient capital.
There
one saw
mill in the
but
little
settled,
unfit
for
is
ing
is
one
township.
much
122
Sixteen
Crown
acres of
in
this
lands are
township,
at
8s.
open
for sale
currency per
acre.
Population
in
1842, 317.
Ratable property
in
the
5,368.
and
cultivation.
W. H. SMITH
1841
grist
Marmora
said to
H BONNYCASTIE
The Canadas
1846
township,
EDWIN WHITEFIELD
The bridge across the Otonabee River
1854
at Peterborough, Canada West
Water-colour,
its
presentobscurity, istheopeningalineof
and
x 12 inches
must leave
to abler
it
myself to discuss
persons than
and
market
finally
of incal-
St.
Laurence. This
It
presents
pense, but
it
it
will
some
in
is
the
little
difficulties
would be
for inland
it
is
is
is
a constant excitement
agriculture,
grade;
they
though
in
keep
must
some
may seem
arts,
manufactures,
sciences,
to
retro-
advancing;
slow,
in
others they
on the
particularly in the
123
ing.
The
arrival of
are
is
started,
and
lo,
of
his
settler
neighbours,
have already
the
access
felt
of
the
number.
We
respectable
emigrants
own
land
in a three-fold
degree.
C P IRAIll
proportionably rapid.
assists in
schemes of one
produce.
There
minds of emigrants,
lakes.
Huron through
6'/2
1836
^Ui
'i
i:
ijj
^^
^-
^ri.
-4c
/t,.^Lr
J
^
7\;
i/i>^;.^
Pic
'JA.p
124-125-423
EDWIN WHITEFIELD
in
birch-bark.
M.FITZGIBBON
/A
/.:,
^,../-- ".fr
Inp To Manitoba
880
124
^y.^
Jr^ i>r6.^
>-
^^
TIIETRtNTROUTETOSFniEMENT
"-'AZf*^
Waler<olour,
on
situated
is
the
upon
several saw-mills
board cutting
is
it;
lumber and
It is
a very
much
like
stores.
In
should be ample
room
for
canoeing and
all the saw-
ferments and
able,
if
1854
x 24 inches
6'/2
Peterborough
pretty
is
not worse.
it,
which
exceedingly disagreeIt
Is
down
to the
winter they
ly
dotted
ing
in
down
summer
narrow or shallow
loggers
show
parts,
their
in
wonderful
agility,
in
them adrift by means of long spiked poles, which they use as levers to push with.
The Otonabee runsoutof a chain of lakes
which extends back for very many miles
to the pine forests.
twenty feet
There
in
hauled by
{125
When
the ice
sawmills.
It
is
narrows, where
all
has to be repeated.
LROKR
By Track and
Trail
89
lAMES PATTISON
COCKBURN
Upper Canada
Water-colour,
woods A
short time
house all this distance, but lately there have been three or
four log ones built The cause of there
being so few settlers here is not as in
many instances, from the barrenness of
the
soil,
which
in
these
woods
is
very
toomuch
land,
and
will neitherclear
them who
would do it As a law has been lately
passed, obligingevery person to keep the
it
themselves, nor
sell
it
to
road
in repair
probable that
make some
it
is
induce them to
this will
and many
done The
morning
being
1830
15%
x lOVi inches
few miles further to night and lodged exactly 30 miles from York The land
looks to be considerably better here,
than lower down and if properly cultivated, and manured, would produce
luxuriant crops for three days past
have seen nothing interesting to the Botwhich circumstance is not
anist,
calculated to elevate the spirits, and
I
make
travelling
fair,
ther. 80.
be
in a
short period
126
travelled only a
COIDIE
1819
As soon
to the flower.
has
warmed
from
its
guish a
and loosened
the earth
number
may
it
distin-
from
Its
and also
a dye,
is
in the
soon elevates
tector,
it;
the flower,
itself
pands to
ble
its full
mould
size.
at the
seemsthe favourite
'J
'
FANNY BAYFIELD
Bloodroot, Dog's Tooth Violet,
and Red Trillium
Water-colour,
The
lily
4% x
tribe offer
1 1
y4
an extensive variety
Erythronium, with
tjiilctiri^
its
spotted leaves
into the petal. Wherefore it bears so formidable a name has not yet transpired.
The flower consists of three petals, the
calix three; it belongs to the class and
order Hexandria monogynia; style,
powdery substance.
lily
come up
separate tuber.
this
tribe
abounds both m our woods and clearings; for want of a better name, call it the
a great portion of the continent.
leaves
latter
last
douri-lily,
blush-pink, or a
are reddish-
,*e^5*i*-
inches
though
it
is
The
Americans term the white and red varieties of this species, the "white" and "red
death." The flower is either deep red, or
of a dazzling white, though the latter is
often found stained with a delicate
127
growing
in
joints, large
three,
round, but a
little
the extremities.
C P TRAILl
1836
pointed at
COBOURG
The
District
trict,
Dis-
in
pleasantly situated
on
is
a gently rising
tains Library,
Laboratory,
Lecture
Although the
institution
is
incorporated, and
is
healthy.
pier. Excellent
tend
in
in
nothing sectarian
is
character.
its
Hope
Edward Gazette;
American
Intelligencer; Prince
Woodstock Herald;
British
York;
States);
fair
is
in
Mechanics'
Institute.
is
also a
Three newspapers
Episcopal church
is
a very
MethodistQuarterly Review,
New York;
New
New Orleans Picayune; Christian
Advocate and Journal, New York;
erary Garland, Montreal; Albion,
The boarders
at the
number about
College at present
thirty-five,
been
lately
when
in full op)eration
it
will
basement.
trict
of
Port
Peace
is
Theofkept at
Hope.
Population, 3,347
Victoria College
was founded by
the
Professions
institution
was chartered
Academy
steam grist-mil I, two water do., two sawmills, one cloth factory, one brewery,
and by Act
in
1835, as an
was
constituted a College, with power to
confer degrees in the several arts and
three distilleries,
groceries,
ferred has
of Parliament, in 1842,
and candle
128
watch makers, three tinsmiths, five cabinet makers, ten tailors, two saddlers, four
bakers and confectioners, eleven blacksmiths, one marble worker, one pail factory,
four
planing machines, one
machine maker, fourteen shoemakers,
three merchant tailors, two barbers, four
butchers, three schools for boys, three
ladies seminaries, two bank agencies
"Commercial," and "Montreal."
Principal
Taverns.
SETTUNCTHESHORtllNE
ANONYMOUS
"North Ameri-
tand Agent,
Stage fare
winter,
ten
S.
to
Armour.
Peterborough during
shillings
steamboat fare
to do.
c'y.;
stage
Water-colour,
and
during summer,
846
U9
9x12% inches
1847
>-^,,v.^
/
fj
11x1 J'/j
804
inches
130
..V
Pill'
"ffii!.
iff
SETTIINCTHF SMORfllSE
to the
vigour.
at
is
at the
minutes of north
latitude,
and embraces
Point, forms,
bour, securing
Lake
har-
this
British
it
WELD
the Provinces ol
who
which
is
same
materials,
temporary
rior to
little
supe-
The house
huts.
in
likewise formed of
ure of a half
commodious
and
upon a bank of
mouth of Toronto
lake,
is
erected
near the
bay.
projected to ex-
is
in length,
from
Many
banks.
is
the
It
houses
its
of wonder, on beholding a
town which may be termed handsome,
timents
reared as
Toronto
is,
worse
all
so
in
much
as
it
The ad-
taste.
as a residence,
worse and
communitiesis
remote from
civilisation,
while
evils, all
follies;
its
it
is
better,
up,
me: but
it
is
must
it
the thinking
at
present
it
is in
131
basin
is
wooded
until
compose
placed,
is
the
rotundity
form;
of
the
distant
lake,
whole.
G HE RIOT
Travels Through the
like that of a
rather
like
Canadas
1807
that
of the
little
laced
waistcoat,
in
boy
a
in
long-
ruffles
and
it
advance
may
head and beating
heart of a nation, great, and wise, and
happy who knows? And there are moments when, considered under this point
of view, it assumes an interest even to
ing
because,
become
the
in
buildings of
Two
all its
infected by
and
by enchantment,
if
midst of a wilderness.
already
are
in this part
the
and persons
a center, are
this
America and
Upper and Lower Canada 1 799
side.
on
Erie,
at Kingston,
ment
On
a false position.
forms.
\ lAMESON
Winter
Studies
Canada
1838
and
Summer
Rambles
in
The
situation of
York
Is
tar
trom an
invit-
SETTIINCTHESHOREIINE
ingcountry.
Thougha morecentral
posi-
yearssince
of
tal
beenchosen forthe
capital of an increas-
yet in
132
Some
believe
all
thoughts
York are
now
The
sfll!
IN(".
Tin
SMdKf IIM
SEMPRONIUSSTRETTON
The barracks at York,
1804
Upper Canada
Water-colour,
and
in
the
Immediate vicmlty
is
poor
limcoe, and
Young
on
Street.
II
133
12x21
inches
Upon
made
appearence, equipped
in
on
E
the
if
prepared
for a
moors of Scotland.
COKE
1833
2th of August
PHILIP
lOHN BAINBRICCE
The
pier
and barracks
Water-colour,
The
military
at this
in
On
at
York, Upper
Canada
of property here
is
forming
into the
new western
acre
lots
the course
and
six
hundred pounds,
at
Until
incredible.
now
some
dis-
of erection.
1839
inches
troops, at a
The value
6x10
buildings
wood,
as stone
quantity
is
the
in
Building-ground
employed, as the
that the
BONNYCASTLE
The Canadas
in
184
1841
little
value, are
[134
it
was of
richest.
soil is
so good a clay,
in sufficient
neighbourhood, and
is
not found
H BONNYCASTLE
The Camdai
in
184
SFrrilNC THESHOREIINE
WILLIAM ARMSTRONG
Pnnce Arthur
October
5,
x27%
inches
which, perhaps,
brilliancy
have not
railway in the
first
sod
no other
of
his
it.
in
Had
first
Weston, Ontario
869
Water-colour, ISVi
the Toronto,
at
And
as Mr.
may be mentioned
in
closing that
It
when
who
should
cars
their
ing
it
having had
Prince. ...
its first
A few hundred
yards west of
was
built close to
nerets,
bearing
innumerable,
rounded on
all
mottoes
quadrangle sursides with sloping gallerappropriate
into
expectancy
to
Royal Highness.
But then
to reason
set
the
them
into
all
to pieces,
to
and several
their
travellers with as
less
to
draw from
gusto as
TORONTO
was a
Clobe
the
fellow
if
they
[135
in
parties in the
fortunate
much
the grandeur
caution.
joined
Octotjerb, 1869
Upper Canada
Water-colour, 7 x
10'/4
1841
inches
BARRIE
So called
Commodore
after
town of
Barrie, the
A new
Simcoe District is
beautifully situated at the head of Kempenfeldt Bay, in the township of Vespra,
during the
and
one surveyor,
one
waggon maker, one baker, one saddler,
onecabinetmaker, one watchmaker, six
shoemakers, three tailors, two butchers,
one bank agency "Upper Canada."
Agent for hlome District Mutual Fire
District
forty miles
the
from Penetanguishine.
declared a separate
for
its
district,
with Barrie
district
it
has
chosen and
is
summer of 1844:
she
Judge of District
an ex-
cellent boat,
Inspector
dation.
town-plot) are
in
is
in
the court-house
is
Crown Lands
Licenses,
of
and
Professions
Trades
One
three
tanneries,
taverns,
Insurance
blacksmiths,
four
Company W.
Steamboat Fares:
B.
Smith.
ToHolland Landing
of
....
8s.9d. c'y.
To
ditto
To
Orillia
Shorter distance
better,
proportion.
road to Penetanguishine
running
for the
ridge of land.
is
much
twocostthedistrictnearly9,000. There
are three churches
and chapels:
136
viz.
by Orillia
one
lls.3d.
Principal
Tavern.
"The
Arms."
H SMITH
846
8s.9d.
in
Queen's
THE
GEORGE BACK
TORONTO PORTAGE
A Corporal's house on
Mountain
in
Water-colour,
Writers on emigration
do not
take the
He
5x8 inches
The
waters
Simcoe
Lake
of
are
does
it
answer
agreeable
their
facts.
Few
many
all
the sub-
own
own
beer, butter,
all
the
first-fruits
of the settler's
falls,
many
toil;
and
Many persons, on
pecially
if
first
by the
unpromisingappearance of things about
them. They find none of the advantages
and comforts of which they had heard
and read, and they are unprepared for the
settled townships, are dispirited
some
way
generally
for
usual
mode
of
Penetangueshene
strong
light
the
more
proceeding
from
is
in disgust.
the
present difficulties;
give
to
whole
line,
to
now
Canada is a land of
Canaan, and writes a book setting forth
therefore,
that
house or
hut.
obtaining land
vises
all
for a
persons
who would be
indepen-
C P TRAIU
137
1836
M BONNYCASTLE
The Canadas
in
1841
be passed
in
we were
boatfor
to trans-
port boatand
William
TORONTO PORTAGE
THE
we were
to find,
ready
for us,
six
In these we were to
proceed by the Grand Portage along the
old commercial route, to the Lake of the
two
manned
canoes
north
by
voyageurs each.
Woods, while
overlooking from a
GEORGE BACK
On
to
the
pursue their
Kaministigua.
Near
its
we found
lower end
bank
lofty
ourselves
a vast pros-
marsh
does not go more than three miles
northerly, and is succeeded by high
forests and occasional lakes towards
Penetanguishene.
of Cabot's Head, Lake Huron. This
BICSBV
1850
Water-colour,
observe
5x8 inches
an
harbour could
the
Nottawassaga Bay
to
the
only certain
cannot always be
approached from the bay, on account of
fact,
it
is
larger than
European
lakes.
adventurous
Its
many
of the largest
settlers
have penetrated
its
forests.
I
encamped with
the
commandant
of
as
artificial
it
imagined,
if
on
this
which
the sea
On
all
138
is
forest
never
river itself,
from the
interior, or
of the country.
M eONNYCA^TLE
The Canadas
in
184
1841
along the
HAMPDtN MUUUY
Ice-boating
at
Water-colour,
atter
PHILIP
THE
JOHN BAINBRICGE
9%
ca.
1840
inches
ANONYMOUS
The mouth of the Nottawasaga
Water-colour,
9x11
River, Lake
inches
i.iy
il
1824
Early
Silver
an
mining works
that
it
line.
is
It
lies in
so covered with
belonged
first
to a
Cana-
MAURICE CAVILLER
terprise or capital
it
Silver islet.
At four o'clock
running
and
at
down
in
onlyby those
The
islet
can be
friends
among
FITZCIBBOM
Trip to
Manitoba
1877
Lake Superior
x lOVi inches
Company.
American
tive of Belfast.
at
SILVER ISLET,
Mining
Silver
visited
permis-
morning we were
under full steam,
the
the bay
eleven arrived
Scotch, and
Irish,
was in apple
pie order,
a large
where
there
mines
in
We
is
one
profitable silver
from
been made,
metal
and precious
shafts sunk,
taken out
ablesizesprangupasif by magic,onthe
shore just opposite, but
fora time at least.
with the
trated
now deserted
O'lEARY
Travels
and Experiences
in
Canada
no date
yetflourish.
under ground.
company and
and held by
it is
P-
stock
few
140
this
concenmine may
is
trow
Territories
1878
>
WILLIAMH. E.NAPIER
cellent,
and
Canada West
><.
Jl
857
6% x 9% inches
Water-colour,
we
it is
dirticult to
for the
William burst
and the
hours'
paddling.
Fort
immense
say whether
which are
alsocaught in abundance, have the most
they, or the
trout,
water sea.
The
one we had to breakfast on the morning
of our arrival, must have been very nearly
as
ocean
in
when
it
Many of the
country.
rickety-looking
er, a
that
affairs.
is still,
howev-
many hundreds
of beautiful whitefish,
Canada
Canada
this size.
change their
canotesdemaftre for north canoes at Fort
William, before entering upon the intricate navigation through which we had
much
The
A number
is
not very
of candles de mattre, or
in
Company's
largest
canoe in length
141
canoe. As
BAllANTYNt
Hudson
Bay
1848
to the
lake.
flo-
por-
waggon
of the station
by
backs,
strap
waggon could
inches broad
in
the middle,
is
arms
eventually finds
its
is
about
thousand
not
where
it
is
him
going through
its
that
in
three or four
is
great advanit
leaves
ike a net
work
in all
M CR^NT
Ocean
it
might beotherwise.
In
Over those
three hundred
and
agriculture
is
nesota;
only
1873
across.
Ocean
spits, ridges,
to
speaking of
fair to
give
this
full
Dawson road
credit for
all
it
is
that has
a wilder-
is
three
travel or for
absence of mountains; the mode of travelling, whether the canoes are paddled
or tugged, novel and delightful; and, if
a tourist can afford a crew of Indians,
and three or four weeks' time, he is cer-
tive rock.
tain to
roughing
C M GRANT
Ocean
is
builtfarther
far
from
satisfactory.
fifty-five
and the end, and by overcoming the intervening portages in such a way that
bulk would not have to be broken, could
It
be made to compete even with the
present route by Duluth and the railway
thence to Pembina.
Dominion,
railway
is
Dawson road
to
Ocean
1873
142
WILLIAM ARMSTRONG
Building Ihe
Dawson Road
Kashabowie
Station,
Water-colour,
Mi
9x13
at
Ontario
Inches
1869
EXCURSION TO NIAGARA
WILLIAM ARMSTRONG
Red Rock, looking south on the Nipigon River from near
1 867
the Hudson's Bay Company post, Ontario
Water<olour,
The scenery
Nepigon Bay
of
it
elsewhere
we
in
is
19%
nothing
Ontario. Entering
pass up a broad
IVh
strait,
men
one
their
Bluffs,
from
thousand
waters,
three
feet
some
hundred
high, rise
of
to
up from
the
inches
summit, others clad with graceful balsams. On the mainland, sloping and
broken hills stretch far away, and the
of the
is
to
G M GRAM
Ocean to Ocean 1873
144
EXCURSION TO NIAGARA
JOHN BAINBRIGCE
PHILIP
Fort Niagara
1840
Water-colour,
still
6'/2 x
Inches
named
command
his private
more mouldering
Fort Mississagua,
9%
state,
is
country Ix'tween
it
of his post.
was ceded by
Statesin
shame by
the
American
built exactly
fort
when
145
the officer in
759,
treaty to the
United
E T
COKf
A Subaltern's
Furlough
1833
GEORGE HERIOT
EXCURSION TO NIAGARA
amidstaclumpoflargeoaks, alittletothe
left of the road, and looking downwards
perceive, through the branches of the
trees with which the hill is clothed from
the
summit
5x7
lauj
inches
one con-
in front
of the
like
is
arrested by the
falls
country
is
and flourishing
and
grandeur of its situation. Here all the
merchandise and stores for the upper
river.
Queenstown
is
a neat
slender
his attention
and
The scenery from Niagara to Queenstown is highly pleasing, the road lead-
tion
river affords, in
of the
bour
river
becomes
traveller
to
lost
a forest of
becomes
146
for
every
surprised.
that
space.
part, a
noble har-
view, the
the
proceeds through
oak-trees, until he
impracticable
G- HERIOT
Canadas
f XCURSION
U1\l\C\K\
JAMES PATTISON
COCKBURN
Brock's
ca.
1830
It
is
worth while
to stop at
Queenston,
it is
officers
that
ceremony of laymonument to be raised to the memory of General Brock, on Queenston heights, in lieu
of the one destroyed by the American
sympathiser of the name of Lett, one of
shrine,
called,
forest
meadow
Brock,
in the
arms of Victory.
fell
Guard
it,
it
on
as the apple
Point
Island,
all
those
show
giantlike," but
at
what
it
will."
H BONNVCASTIF
The Canadas
in
;84/
1841
H BONNVCASTLE
The Canadas
in
184
V\
1
[147
t.
KINGSTON
Western Wanderings
1841
85b
WASHINGTON FRIEND
EXCURSrON
The Horseshoe
Falls,
T(J
NIAGARA
Niagara
Falls
ca.
1845
To leave out N iagara when you can possibly bring it in would be as much against
from the
pyramids are
America.
to
VV
mad
bull
a thirty-one-and-
What
the
to Egypl-what Vesuvius is
Naples-what the field of Waterloo has
been
Niagara
F
to the entire
The
falls
on the west or
British side, so
inated from
its
denom-
Slausser
three
It
falls,
was
is
separated into
early in the
month
of September,
when
first
Horse-shoe
visited this
now write
famous
spot.
manner
in that
demon-
characteristic of such
east-
is
BUTLER
Brussels, so
continent of North
1872
which
produced
in the Horse-shoe, and in the American
falls, may be estimated at a mile and a
quarter, and the altitude of the Table
Rock, from whence the precipitation
commences, is one hundred and fifty
waters, including the curvatures
the violence of the current has
feet.
C HERIOT
Travels Through the
Canadas
1807
invitation contained
in their
favourite
nigger melody. Venders of Indian beadwork: itinerant philosophers: cameraobscura men: imitation squaws: freeand
enlightened negroes: guides to go under
the cataract,
over
it;
who
thin
and
148
it,"
spending the
end
of nothing
spiritualists, phrenologists,
BUTIER
1872
was
EXCURSION TO NIAGARA
lAMES BUCKNALL
The camp
BUCKNALL ESTCOURT
of the
43rd regiment
at
Niagara
Falls,
1838
Upper Canada
6 o'clock am, of
a mile of their
when
was crossed
Colborne and
While
at a field-day at
43rd directing
to
their
Upper Canada.
immediate removal
The
Ottawa and
which formed
up to an elevation
their
F-lis
Sir
John
Reaching the
pretty little village of Drummondville,
and debouching from a straggling grove
Willing, perhaps,
sort of
principal
left
their barracks.
wing proceeded by
left
the
St.
3rd of July.
Lawrence, making a
On
came
to
advance on the Niagara frontier, to occupy a line of country hitherto almostentirely defended by militia and volunteers. With the despatch which had late-
movements the
right wing, accompanied by Sir John Colborne, was embarked the same evening.
ly
characterised their
a party of
campequipage
shipped.
The
guns,
for
route
from
Queenstown
to
solemn
forests contrasting
above
their
topmost
first
to astonish,
and af-
7th of July
he
actors
hundred persons
An immense concourse,
of the
first
glitter
The word
passed to form open column of companies, the right wing 43rd reached the
greensward just above the table rock;
arms were piled and all rushed to the
edge of the soul-stirring and stupendous
fall
of
'almighty'
cataract -"that
world's
greatest
wonder.
waters."
149 1
ning.
chiefly
ment, and
efficient corps.
all
the invites
melange
of guests,
C. A. lEVINCE
Monmoulhshire
Light Infantry
868
EXCURSION TO NIAGARA
The
Lane
from the
Falls,
is
in
one mile
war.
and
burial
at
5'/2 x
Niagara
7%
Falls,
Upper Canada
fine
agement, the
exhausted.
soil
has
become
nearly
America which should prefer as a residence to that which lies between Lakes
Erie and Ontario. It is much sought after
by retired officers, and better class of
emigrants. The majority of the company
purchased
at the hotel
church
rising
most
and commenced
questions, which
put to a
intelligent negro,
a series of
great
number
if
during
my stay
selves. ...
five
He
told
me
thousand negroes
large
number
of
Southern
and the
utter
are either
in the
the
Upper Canada,
whom
If
States
who were
the vicinity.
in
there consis-
making purchases
1838
inches
My friend acted
He was contented
settler
seeks society, he
retirement, he
may have
known them,
I
150
yet
all
in
if
he wish
perfection,
is
soen-
making
visits,
or intruding
upon those
COKE
Subaltern'^ Furlough
833
in
the
bosom
to bear
would break
skinned fellow-mortals.
it
was alone
H,
C KINGSTON
Western Wanderings
1856
The good
EXCURSION TO NIAGARA
woman of colour"
of
151
838
Brantford,
ROOM TO CROW
Canada West
840
OVi inches
BRANTFORD
A Town
in
sit-
from Hamilton.
crown
in
It
was
1830, and
is
the
town.
contains
Brantford
eight
one printer,
two watchmakers,
twelve
groceries,
out by the
a placeof consid-
Presbyterian, Catholic,
makers,
Baptist,
laid
erable business.
$lV2l.
canal,
viz..
Episcopal,
two Methodist,
Congregationalist, and one for
A weekly newspaper
is
published
painters,
five
and
Trades.
Three
"Core."
Taverns. "Clements,"
and "Matthews."
iandAgenl. Jas. R. Buchanan.
"Irish's,"
machine and
two surveyors, two
152
cabinet
Principal
post daily.
Professions
five
W- H SMITH
Smith's Canadian Gazetteer
1846
RO(
'^^ff^^ixA.
iic.
leu
^'^:^^^'*^i^lv^jj^^^^
HENRY )AMESWARRE
840
WOODSTCXZK
The District Town
in
There
cricket club.
on
pleasantly situated
a rising
ground
in
in length,
and
West Woodstock.
town in the year
became
It
the district
is
Population,
Institute,
and
,085.
trict
Judge of
shoemakers,
tinsmith,
printers,
dep-
"Gore."
tion of the
London
District).
sixchurchesandchapels,
(of brick,
organ),
and
in
which
Presbyterian,
It
contains
viz. Episcopal,
is
a tolerable
Baptist,
British
and
partly framed.
uty
clerk
of crown,
district
superin-
tendent of schools.
Professions
and
Principal Tavern.
"Woodstock
tel."
Trades.
Two
grist
Land Agent.
J.
F.
Rogers.
mills,
153
one
one
1846
Ho-
On
HENRY lAMESWARRE
RDOMTfKiROW
the
Thames
River
showing the
jail at
1840
seat of
government
may be deemed an
eligible
been a preparatory step to another alteration: a new city to have been named
London, was to have been built on the
place
La Trenche, but
Lake
St.
Clair;
vantages.
It
is
many
part
In
to a
and
so far from the populous parts of the province, would be a measure frought with
numberless Inconvenlencies to the
public, and productive apparently of no
of
the
river. In
every direction.
A few
Is
that he
for a
ex-
by
struck with
town
plot.
be said to have
settle-
it is
Kent;
from
province,
CHATHAM
TheCounty Townof the County of
Chatham
ad-
local
government immediately
little
seat of
fifteen years
commenced
only about
now
it
has
contains
Through the
the Provinces oi
States of
154
799
so.thatasmall town
In
lot,
value, so
much
PHILIP
JOHN BAINBRICGE
fath Street,
KOOMTOGRO
Water-colour, 6 x
8%
838
inches
to
of
and
This place
was
the rebellion,
a garrison
town during
season,
is
Amherstburgh every Monday, Wednesday and Friday, returning on the alternate days. The "London," Captain Van
Allen (the fastest boaton the upper lakes)
meets the "Brothers" at Detroit and continues the route to Buffalo, touching at
the intermediate ports
side.
The "London"
is
on
the
Canadian
a beautiful boat;
club.
refitted.
Chatham contains
newspaper,
Gleaner,"
is
"Chatham
the
park
lots
are
still
Principal tavern
"Royal Exchange,"
of Professions
and
Trades.
Five
155
to
List
Steers.
Chatham
to
London,
from
Chatham
to
Detroit,
$2;
to
Amherstburg, S2V2.
Chatham
don, and
is
fifty
thirty-six miles
from Lon-
H SMITH
1846
ROOM TO CROW
PHILIP
On
JOHN BAINBRIGCE
Water-colour,
6x10
1838
inches
OPPOSITE
ANONYMOUS
An
oil
1870
the winter.
They are
to receive fourteen
burnmg,
and fencing in that quantity. The ground
is to be perfectly cleared of every thing
but the stumps; these will take from
much
longer. The process of clearing away the
stumps is too expensive for new beginpine, hemlock,
and
fir
remain
is,
cut
down
all
(that
and
up
in
assist in the
some
high that
season
it
is
on
the
is,
that
has fallen to
156
near the
provided
is
we get a good
already chopped
site of the
sown with
oats,
for putting in a
you see
it
will
reap a harvest.
will
be
crop of wheat. So
come
to
We
little
C P TRAILL
For
many
years to
come
Ontario, will
The
East
ROOM
ii)r,Kin\
refineries in Petrolea
"Crude"
lead us
will level
highway of commerce between London and Sarnia. The North Branch takes
us into the heart of Lambton, a rich cham-
plate,
which
the
at
51 miles north
through
without
difficulty.
from
both
places
we
way through
reach
groves of
Enniskillen the
in
first in Canada.
By some dark alchemy the marine
animals and plants embedded in the
shales and encrinal limestone that form
the base of the "Hamilton" formation,
havedistilledoutthecomplexmixtureof
things that
we
gather up
in
alkali,
is
no dale
157
a series of valu-
oil, etc.
Heavier Cana-
snowy whiteness
the single
C, M.
CRANTlEOl
Picturesque Canada
divorced from
is
ed temperatures yields
OLEAHy
Threading our
derricks,
the
which
it
is
extracted.
ROOM TO CROW
-"*?!**
PHILIP
lOHN BAINBRIGGE
grouping of the
trees,
it
appeared
that
we had come
were stationed
command
whose unhappiness
at
of an officer,
this
it is
said, are
it
moment
little.
All
judged of by compar-
required
some
elastic-
mouth
of the
Grand
Upper Canada
840
seemed
leaving
it.
it
Some months
previous
to
our
visit,
Quebec
in
war.
the
to this
at
inches
friend,
6'/2 x 9'/2
-c -_
The
to this
remote
station,
and our
getting
the
appointment,
accordingly with
his
family,
set
in
off
high
158
The
arrival of the
in
morning
we
arrived,
course
appointed
to
was
supersede
to
of
our
afflicted host.
B,
HALL
Travels in North
1828
1829
America
in the Years
1827 and
FRONTIERS
Cook
sailed into
Pacific
make
a visual record.
When
John
Sir
was
Robert Hood. But when he was killed by
a guide in the Barrens, George Back took
coast, the expedition's official artist
over
its
out-
has
left
ship,
isolated
hbc trading
Canadian West
posts.
As master of
until the
middle of the
gun
to threaten
its
interests. In
response
mouth
Columbia River in
1845-6. The governmentwas persuaded
the
of the
Carry
in
officers.
159
member
It
was as
West
Columbia was invited
to join the eastern provinces, and was
visited by Lord and Lady Dufferin to
impress upon the people the advantages
of Canadian connections. These same
advantages were promoted by G.M.
Grant in Ocean to Ocean.
With theseltlementofthe Westandthe
turning over of Rupert's Land to the
Canadian government in 1869, the old
economy of the interior dwindled, and
eration, the official interest in the
increased. British
the
already
of the Far
when we
purpose of his trip was to attract immigrants from the Old Country, who
would put the entire West under the
plough at the expense of the original
inhabitants
'
way of life.
more narrowly,
inhabitants.
I.COOK
A Voyage (o
the Pacific
Ocean
JOHN WEBBER
Indian women weaving at
785
Nootka on the
1778
Water-colour, J'h x
Their
5%
inches
or mantle,
edge by a
loweredge, byfringesortassels. Itpasses
under the left arm, and is tied over the
right shoulder,
when
unless
the mantle
is
upon
it,
fastened by a
it
made of fine
matting, having
ornamented with a
round or pointed knob, or bunch of
leathern tassels; and there is a string that
passes under the chin, to prevent its
blowing off.
Besides the above dress, which is
common
to both sexes,
the
men
fre-
Over
is
often done.
this,
knees,
is
tie
it,
as a
and
it
sometimes
behind. In rainy weather, they throw a
coarse mat about their shoulders. They
have also woollen garments, which,
however, are little in use. The hair is
sometimes
before,
160
COOK
A Voyage
to the Pacific
Ocean
785
leifPACinC
NORTHWEST
JOHN WEBBER
Members
of Captain
lames Cook's
1778
Water-colour, 6V2 x 12 inches
expeditions
there had
base of the two middle ones. In these circumstances, it seems to disagree with
to
havechosen
mostly
otter, as living
the water.
in
fully
is
described
adventurers
in
to
have men-
abounds
here, as
in different
their
It
if
books,
saw.
We,
for
some
time, entertained
many
which
skins
of thatopinion,
colour,
for
was founded on
fur;
being
the size,
till
a short
when
greyishcastatfirstsight.
in that
seem
to
their full
remain,
till
growth. After
that,
we suspected
were of a chestnut
brown; and a few skins were seen that
had even acquired a perfectly yellow
colour. The fur of these animals, as men-
tioned
the skins,
than
is
describers of the
in
be
still
in
older,
mentioned by the
tainly softer
Russian
others
sea-otters.
and
we know
is
cer-
any
continent of
discovery of
North America, where so valuable an article of commerce may be met with, can-
life.
and
just
Ibl
COOK
1785
THEARCTtCCHAlLENCE
Sc
The meeting of the Hudson's Bay Company ships, the Prince of Wales
and the Eddyslone, carrying the Swiss immigrants, and Captain
)ulyl6, 1821
W.E. Parry's ships, the Hec/a and the Cr/per
PETER RINDISBACHER
Water-colour,
On the
3th,
exercised
in firingat a
them oc-
On
the
we
conjec-
on
sail at
running with
about a mile to the wbN,, we
nine
difficulty
were obliged
to
make
elevenPM,
the N
E.,
a small
we remained
till
when the
and violently
to
ice closing in
away
suddenly
fast to
it,
8'/2 x
2'A inches
hundred and
River,
principally foreigners,
Red
of both
now been
and had been
drifted about in various directions at no
small risk to the ship. Mr. Davidson considered that he had arrived here rather
tooearly for advancing to the westward,
and strongly insisted on the necessity of
night.
first
etition of this
occurrence,
to request Mr.
we
to
cast off,
take
their
come
to
162
ice,
before
which
tomed
is
well
the Prince of
ters for
the
known
to
all
those accus-
Wales we
our friends
in
By
let-
same opportunity
to
acquaint the
to this
date.
PARRY
lournal of 3
Second Voyage
1 824
Nortb-West Passage
for the
Discovery of a
ROBERT
HOOD
The
first
portage
at
Water-colour,
Knee
Lake
towards
its
its
upper
end
rocky shores
miles and
on a 5 w. course.
We began the ascent of Trout River
early in the morning of the 27th, and in
a half
10x15
inches
first
feet,
and
It is
of
two
neces-
rocky bank.
This cascade
is
which
lacerated.
Knife Portage.
to-day
was
name
of
three miles.
named
affordeda subject
163
FRANKIIN
NarfativeofalournevtotbeShoresofthePolarSea.
1823
GEORGE BACK
824-25
arrived
at
here
with
fifteen
Canadian
the
to
of the interpreter,
who
was to be derived
much
being required of a
derived very
als.
little
The wood
having been
in the
all
larger size,
benefit from
cut
its
immediate
down
we
materivicinity
for fuel
by the
rafts
to
from a
in
habitable state,
the
but
men on
house for the interpreter's family, and the store on the
left. A blacksmith's shop and meat store
being
the
in
right,
with
164
wintry
blasts.
the
The
officers'
dwelling
a hall
men
0^<rA.te-te/^/^
GEORGE BACK
Elsahwiilnd,
1826
fathoms, except
in the
channel of the
in
clear weather.
belonging
from Clark-hill
When
the refraction
the tops of
to the
some other
range thatextends
to the rapid in
Bear Lake
fifty
to
Richardson ascer-
some
not
heart.
which
the
is
soil
on
bed of
which, even
August
and
in
the
September,
months of
was firmly
pleasure
which
name
felta grate-
though
ed
in
Many
stone, sand-stone,
and
trap rocks,
were
to fifty:
hunters;
three
shore.
besides
The
trees at
some
River.
ness,
few
infirm
Indians,
who
though a few
of the better grown measured from four
and
thirty
persons were
and
left
to
From
fifteen to
in
of
summer, and
in
Salmon of
and occasionally some
trout, tittameg, and carp. Four Dog-Rib
Indians, who were engaged to hunt the
Rein-deer in the neighbourhood of the
fort, from want of skill, contributed very
little fresh meat to our store. Augustus
and Ooligbuck employed themselves in
Bear
Lake,"
the same service, but from not being accustomed to hunt in a woody country,
they were not more successful.
fort
more than
was
far
fishing at
one
two houses
constructed at four and
station only;
were, therefore,
165
FRANKLIN
N^rnitive of a
Second Expedition
to the Shores of
1828
and 1827
1
GEORGE BACK
ABOVE
KiCHT
BELOW
1826
ceremonial dance ol the Hare Indians, Rupert's Land
Egheechololle, one ot the native retainers ol the Franklin party
Cokwonayea-bethah, one of the native retainers of the Franklin parly
Water-colours, 5 'A x 8V4 inches
^'i^^r<5c^<Tt;2r*;5^
k,
ifab
OWEN
STANLEY
|ulyI4, 1837
Though
13th.
every direction,
we
was
by the discov-
more down,
there
ice
continued to
in
drift
her draught
eight inches,
sight
it
the
lost his
and
We on board had
counter
beginning
to
occurred,
action
wonder
impossible to
inclination rendering
tached
at a
firmly at-
warps.
It
windward
it
as he best could.
Then
it
was
we
one end
167
pened
Meanwhile, those
who hap-
to
falling,
where they saw the ship on her beamends, with the lee boats touching the
water, and
felt
that a
in that
sion; the
crisis there
sails
us there
was
a dead calm,
which
while the
hummocky
the surface.
C BACK
Narrative of an Expedition in H.M.S. Terror...
1836-37
1838
THOMAS MITCHELL
The
March
Water-colour,
The long
arctic
1,
1
1876
x
winter,
8% inches
with
un-
its
and in January, when the first glimmering increase in the mid-day twilight
began to lengthen sensibly day by day,
the want of light was scarcely noticed by
any one; and not until the sun actual lyreturned on the 1st March did we in any
ty,
way
NARES
168
1877
PETEK KINDISBACHEK
THEHUOSON-SBAYCOMPANVINTHE WEST
1821
York factory
is
all
and
where all the returns of the department
are collected and shipped for England.
As may be supposed, then, the establishment is a large one. There are always
between thirty and forty men resident at
the post, summer and winter; generally
four or five clerks, a postmaster, and a
skipper for the small schooners; and the
whole is under the direction and superintendence of a chief factor, or chief trader.
As the winter is very long, nearly eight
months, and the summer consequently
very short, all the transport of goods to,
and returns from, the interior, must necessarily be effected as quickly as possithe supplies lor the trade are issued,
brigade
is
commanded
by a chief factor,
is
a constant suc-
from
whiteappearence, and
regularity,
havea
are called)
is
a large square,
should
u>q
on
only used
for the
on her arrival
and departure, the decayed state of the
carriages rendering it dangerous to load
the guns with a full charge.
ship with blank cartridge,
R M. BALLANTVNE
//uc/son'sBay
1848
THE HUDSON'S
BAYCOMPANV
Norway House,
PETER RINDISBACHER
IN
THE WEST
1821
we
Factory,
arrived
after
we
left
safety
in
York
at
the
is
builtatthe
picturesque and
mouth of a small
Spread out
the
arrived; a
often
farther off,
on the
rising
ground, stands a dark and almost imperceptible wigwam, the small wreath of
large,
like a
strange excres-
Lake,
On
the top of
guide the
is
so ingeniously hid
traveller; for
Norway House
in a
hollow
till
that
it
the boat
that
in
it
is
inhabited;
the sunshine.
Behind the
forest,
its
fort
stretches the
thick
and there
bycuttingsoffirewoodorsmall clearings
for
farming.
human
beings,
who
BALLANTYNE
Hudson's Bay
170
and
man-
in a
HudM'Ken-
of Oregon.
being
its
Bay; so that, during the spring and summermonths, allthe brigadesof boatsand
canoes from every part of the northern
department must necessarily pass it on
their way to York Factory with furs; and
as they all return in the autumn, and
some of the gentlemen leave their wives
and families for a few weeks till they return to the interior, it is at this sunny
season of the year quite a gay and bustling place; and the clerk's house in
which
lived was often filled with a
strange and always noisy collection of
out
from
cence.
juts
also an agreeable
is
interesting place,
scene.
Norway House
may be seen
on
snowy
is
interesting
rises
upon which,
1848
still
more
distant land
COMPANY
THE WEST
IN
7^/
two
the
C)t
great
impecuniosity
the
birth
the
to,
monopolies which
Charles ii gave
ot
are
and
one
of fact,
now
free to
and gather
sell
Northern
territory,
furs in
All
men
to trade
the great
and
but distance
was
the
monarch
man must
4'/4 x 7'/2
London
From the King's Posts to the
farther than
to Fort
from Paris to
An-
as great a
is
distance as from
is
Mecca.
Banks
Samarcand,
to
Pelly
that
im-
who would
faraway
maintains nine-tenths of
climate raise
more formidable
barriers
nesses
ice
of
It
Hudson
Bay
Dwellers
comprehend
over which
sway.
this
Company
holds
possession of the
cession of
title
Twice
in
the
all
as
much
Company,
to
desolate shores
Canada, as Crusoe
still
is
like the
North America
subjects.
dence; around
Company.
its
in
despite
the
171
1845
inches
J^l
camp
when she
mid-)une
It
is
for the
supply
early in June
when
it
is
the
Hudson are
month has
been reached when the ship comes to
anchor off the sand-barred mouth of
the Nelson River. For one year the
pierced; and the
Straits of
end
of the
lie in
the
duty
THE WEST
IN
/I,
^ite
:';^^%^
846
tides.
flint,
whose bent
between the
cleft of a tree
or the crev-
amongst other
things, very
much more
no means follows
that
it
by
it
should be
game
should
values
also
in
possess
their
relative
from
pany
short-sighted
of
men,
say,
finished central
fire
of Boss or Purdey.
savage
to the
In-
who
can.
man from
to
Free
trade in furs
means dear
beavers, dear
and
all
these "dears"
mean whisky,
that these
to
been asand
in furs,
remarkable reformation
ples of trade.
Company
who have
a very
Now
the
is
only answer
tell
in
in
Indi-
furs
"If
next year
may
172
to
and
terests
of
failed;
from Texas
the
to
men
F
kill;
One
Indians,
itself."
the princi-
he
first,
second
kill, kill,
take care of
who
all
view;
Hudson Bay
in
himself,
any very
and
the
word
so pre-eminently pure;
tuity,
them.
other
no use
get
me
is
He
BUTIER
Und
1872
i.
\
A
iriii-^'
?;
.-
/*'
9-^
j^.
The Bay
of Fort Victoria
^^'i:^^;^^^^!
fc
Fort,
Vancouver
Island
846
whose
shores,
if
we may
waves
of
it;
ocean
of the prairie
not of
the
the
BUTLER
1872
ple
the
are
hidden
Fort,
flooded
Amongst
to
proceed
this
the
waiting for
subside,
and
to the diggings.
immense assemblage
them the
majority of
most desperate
and
Californian rowdies
beneath the
there,
Fraser
to
In
were collected
of people
Company's
allow them
were
and one or two
in
lying south
fire,
on
lawless
of
the
Governor Doug-
Victoria
another
also
fire;
dentation
and security which contrasted most forcibly with the state of things in San Francisco and Sacramento under similar circumstances. The city wore a very thriving aspect when we visited it, and could
already boast of several streets. The
whole traffic to and from British Co-
springs
species
up
of
the
in
vegetation
track
of the
las,
is
formed by the
of the burnt
sea
appearance
Esquimau.
that
soil,
park-like
already
but
checks
their
the
fire
too
progress,
frequently
and many
of
to delight the
into
which is
sweeping round of the
the promontory
in
the
land-locked harbour of
The
was
site
originally
chosen
Rocky Mountains,
for the
establishment
couver,
Van-
into the
in
17J
enriched
wooden
buildings.
the
li
9-
CHEADlt
865
|i
From
day,
that
40
OR FIGHT
the
recently,
until
became
mere
own
Crown.
was
It
from
separated
finger-joint
body. But
immigrants
foreign
of
a subject of the
its
now changing.
all this is
it
It
and
pulses
of
it
HENRY lAMESWARRE
its
is
larger
the
Had
life.
the
in
this,
one
dispute,
when
a fly. At the
Commons,
Minister
in
to
it
lime of the
the
War
House
brother of the
the
happened
the
in
the
in
lost
of
Prime
be stationed on
it
gracefully
given
now
on the
when
"
wasn't worth a
up.
And
so
considered
Pacific,
And why
The Fort of White Horse Plains is situated near the Assiniboine and the
settlement
extends
along
itself
the
banks of that river. For twenty miles, almost without a break, small farms run
outwards from the river-side into the
uncultivated
The
soil
seems
elm-trees
grass-clad
but
prairies.
borders
the
course of the
stream, and
undulates considerably
in
many
parts,
square
plain
houses
settler'
are
generally
devoid
boxes,
of
the
be
called
so.
this.
We
still
may be made
we know what
to
C M GRANT
Ocean to Ocean
1873
do
is
material
the
invariably
in
long
to
passed the
as the
just
French-Canadian
less of
They
have
dress,
though
which,
looks
rather
blood.
handsome
sombre
in
in
itself,
crowd,
dark
though
a short projecting
may
we
iron
little
ple,
seemed
not,
stove-pipe
starting
Catholic church,
was
Wood
how
Roman
ally
it
into a very
Shortly after
of
x 7Mi inches
cere-
in
als as well as in
it
with
much
picturesqueness
is
some-
silk
it
partly
conceals.
with.
THEEARLOFSOUTHESK
THEEARLOFSOUTHESK
11
174
875
5as/catc/iewan
875
HENRY lAMES
WARRb
Hunting buffalo on
Western prairies
tine
1846
Water-colour,
7 X 1 1 Vj inches
WILLIAM GEORGE
RICHARDSON HIND
Cutting up the buffalo
1862
vJvVVW.\'4>^*'t5viSv\i,\ll
Too soon
will
the last of
,1^/.
.'/>,
them have
Water-colour,
3Vi x6 inches
_'Zl-T-T^-.
of his death,
he
is
tepidly vanishing
northern
from the
forests of the
souri,
from
the
Missouri
Saskatchewan; chased
to
the
pastime
may
Far
land.
in
the
prairies
roamed at will
man came.
in
they, too,
175
BUTLER
herds
1872
we were
our crossing
we were
12oCtakingadvantage
of the delay to dry them. We went on for a
few miles, crossing a small, but deep
so deep
unable tostart
till
came down
in
when
such
the Rain
torrents, ac-
we
way
obliged to carry
Mens shoulders,
Mud & Water; on
was
in
it
where we breakfasted
after
which we
Fir
&
Poplar Trees, having the greatest possible difficulty to get through Horses
Men
stumbling
Mire.
Ogden from
&
sticking
his great
in
&
the
weight
is
my back in the
mud. Passed a very large lake called Cull
Lake, and through magnificient Pine
Forest, some of the trees of which were
of great size; camped on a small stream
completely knocked up, with 1 1 hours
ride and a perfect fever from the bites of
myself lying on the flatof
al-
country with
practicable
views on
all
Passingover
beautiful
range we
of
away
South.
From
North
&
on
disappointed
the persevering
Tormentors the
little
176
at
seeing so
little
nor will
the
cence
ot outline.
zerland
Had
was on
or magnifi-
had allowed
case,
in size
much more
my imagination
struck, but
too
as
is
frequently the
We breakfasted in full view of the Mounand descended afterwards to an implain, which proved to be a deep
swampwhich we were obliged to passto
a River called by the Indians Medicine
Lodge River The tumbles crossing the
swamp were very laughable, but the
unfortunate horses suffered and many a
Saddle Bag got wet damaging our
goods and chattels. We encamped on
the River and dried our things & killed
several Grouse which are now of a very
good size and made a change in our
usual Meal We have been living on
bad Buffaloe Meat dried & made into
"Pemjcan" Hams, and Biscuit. We
tains
mense
which put us
all
on
FROMQUEBEr TflOKK.ON
trail
Columbia
5 oC.
we
Leaving our
Camp
at
open
thence
we came
Elk Rivera
x 14'/2 inches
Tuesday 20th
broad
Main Stream
of
at
to the
&
the infinitely
whereas,
been
visible.
Grouse.
we camped on
distance
ing about
of Indians
streams.
we
HI, WARRE
River, British
,4-4n-ORFICHT
177
M.
GRANT
Ocean
1845
Diafies
to
Ocean
1873
An
Indian Chief's
Water-colour,
We
cold,
till
'/2
some
Village afforded us
shelter,
but
&
insects
&
without
any object
to inter-
est
more gradually
to the River
being also
difficult to
tomb on
6'/2 x
ascend from
that quarter.
This Rock
for
left
their fire
Oregon
Territory
846
inches
178
and only
to be
accounted
for,
from the
&
Eagle
a Fish
he
rushed
at
This
inclined to do.
hawk
WARRE
Diaries
1846
to
make another
Our
pedestrian
labors
now com-
Canoe
we dragged
being submerged
at
every step;
at night
we formed
relieve
the
leading
file
every
ten
wonderful.
threatening to engulph us
in their
over-
whelming course.
H
WARRt
1848
Water-colour, 10 x
6%
Canada
inches
179
II
^
HAMPDEN MOODY
1^.^
i-
'^W ,^^
-^1-4, yj'.'^A.
Pen and
menced
idea
ink drawing,
3% x 9%
|uly
long way.)
"berry-pemmican"
is
at
supper.
the ordinary
buffalo
berries
to say,
sprinkled through
ing,
which
it
at the
time of mak-
does
we put on our
up our baggage
CM. GRANT
Ocean Ko Ocean
add
to
it
then garnish
all
with long
human
fat,
hairs
though
1873
846
'Had
(That
inches
less nasty.
it
to
be
180
875
,4?
WILLIAM
H.
E.
NAPIER
1857
The Slave
Falls!
who
that
has ever
It?
may be
will
eyes of mine
shall never see thee again, for thou liesi
it
far
travel;
but
shall
imagination, and
waters shall
life....
life,
murmur
rocks and
in
memory
in
thy
for
name
the only
men who
rest,
whose
I1
BUTIER
GEORGE SETON
is
about a couple of
common, on which
at the
time of
thousand
CANADIAN VOLUNTEERS
in
the
summer
of
window of the
Garry
857
What
military police,
and
to Fort Garry,
son
is
a les-
who
gov-
human
the
inches
their armies,
of
9%
into
we
ety; yet,
it is
to protect soci-
if
Ireland
ly
except a handful of
Governor
Canada
turally a
people.
the
European
armies,
is
and
a
file in
182
yet,
as any other,
mere
much
is
in
citizens as in
who,
amusing the
Guards,
General's
as
state-
P-
O'LEARY
Travels
and Experiences
in
Canada
no dale
"!-=
^^
WILLIAM
St.
H.
E.
nr*^
ja*
NAPIER
I8S7
Water-colour, 3
'/2
x 714 inches
In
es-
tion and
this
number
is
almost equally
trifling
shows
also with
Roman
majority of the
I
am
informed,
much accuracy
the
the
gin belongingtotheProtestantchurches,
Rome.
ol
the stream.
THEEARIOFSOUTHESK
18.3
875
THE BRITISH
M RED RIVER
**ir:_
WILLIAM ARMSTRONG
Carry
1857
Water-colour,
8x16
Fort
inches
Now, had
these
sions signed
more than
its
15,000 persons
session of the
soil
184
and posses-
neers had on
of
many an occasion
taunt-
would
dawn
upon
the
benighted
country,
off their
trading flint-guns,
ticulation
surveys
several
anticipatory
farms,
doubling
ty,
up
the
of
their
sextants,
Governor M'Dougall,
Canada, that his
presence was by no means of the least
desirability to Red River or its inhabiinforming Mr.
just
arrived
from
up
half-breed
possessing
of political disturbances.
W.
F,
BUTIER
185
and quite
any time
1872
THE OVERLANDERS OF
'62
Then,
in
first;
ers,
and
live
by
their
industry, but of
man
homes,
to establish
own
all
parts
without a country
and without
deserted for a
their lots
was
laughed
at
wave soon
spent
itself.
>v.-\
selling out
Water-colour, 2Vi x
3'/2
M.
GRANT
Ocean
lune 1862
to
Ocean
1873
inches
The caravan
East,
is
not
more needed
fertile
it
is
in
the
in the
but uninhabited
whole party
and for the return journey of the men
must be carried unless you make
frequent delays to hunt. Your tents and
theirs, in other words, house and furniture; kitchen, larder and pantry; toolchest and spare axle-trees; clothes,
blankets, water-proofs, arms and ammunition, medicine-chest, books, paper
boxes for specimens to be collected on
the way, and things you never think
of till you miss them, all are or may be
prairies. Provisions for the
required.
CM
GRANT
Ocean
to
Ocean
1873
1862
Itwas a marvel
all
River
When
world does
and
for
number
Is,
all
that leather,
elsewhere. Without
it
the
Red River
cart,
which
is
seven feet
in
bit of
186
mud
slowly on a good
trail.
would
at the cross-
and travel
Acart without an
M GRANT
Ocean
to
Ocean
1873
THEOVERLANDERSOF-62
St.
On
our
to the
arrival at St.
Ann, we proceeded
- 'Had
the
Lacome
has
in
stantly
supply
at the
this
polished,
highly-educated gentlemen.
best
is
her
who
mode
for
of
ex-
On
hosts,
remained
sion house.
my
kind
'Everything
there
is
won-
oasis in thedesert.
many flowers
woods and
fection by care
plains,
and
brought to per-
The house
means served up as
labour.)
raspberries; everything
made
use of
itself to
my memory
latter,
interest,
which
it surprised
me to find in such
honourable company a cheap Dublin
publication called The /./fe of the V/rg/n
chapter
Baron Munchausen's
in
travels.'
simple-minded people In
to me ill adapted to
impress the Indians, who are not wanting
tractive
to
other lands,
in
seemed
own
super-
this foolish
in
book could
it
all
the
way from
Ireland.)
'Lake
St.
Ann
is
Great
Spirit
name
of Cod's Lake.'
Lake;
it
is
also
(It
call
known by
was sometimes
means
Sp/n't
Lake,
prefix
is
good
being
or an
intended.)
which
Mary, a pamphlet,
of falsehoods as
'full
187
it
the
875
men
to
still
on
tried
The
first
American
of the
and received
press,
same
in
spirit in
ly-shally policy
condemned
for not
force to California
session of
shoot
Government
Federal
the
down
Colorado
when
it,
the
all
to the
Klamath." Of course
method
of
itself,
it
is
enough
to say that
for
an
tolerate
instant.
legal title-deeds,
to
it
he can have no
right
bound
is
to
choose
to
them
if
they
they
if
PETER RINDISBACHER
between
struggle
the
two races
entirely
ca.
to
Water-colour,
the
let
many
parts of
which
America.
atrocities
frighful
the
civilized
on
superior
man
It
sides,
vigour
of
opposes
to the strength
well-disposed white,
who
inches
in
the
in
ferior naturally
8'/4 xb'/j
has led to
both
1822
selection,
even the
got
along
honestly,
was
and believed
that
honesty
was no wonder
It
by miners
who
been called
Indians had
how
that, after a
188
had
to
miners
who had
in to protect settlers.
no newspapers
tried
unoffending Indian
their
at a
rifles
to
The
tell
on an
distance, for
THE
NOBLE SAVAGE
paternal,
level
least
go down
to
is
when
down;
half-way
come
to the Indian
it
explain
at
that,
or not, immigrants
and that
Government Is bound to seek the
good of all the races under its sway,
and do justly by the white as well as by
the red man; offer to make a treaty
with them on the principles of allotting
to them reserves of land that no one can
will
the
sum
per family
in
them an annual
among
schools
establishing
articles,
iquors to them.
demands; and
all competent
a treaty
that
is
is
is
it
authorities
solemnly
that,
made
when
with them
only break
it
when
it
sacredly.
may
be said
They
in their
the testimony of
that,
first
do what we
like,
must eventually
die out. It is not unlikely. Almost all
the Indians in the North-west are
scrofulous. But on the other hand, in
the United States and in Canada, they
exist, in not a few cases, as christianized self-supporting communities,
and have multiplied and prospered.
These are begmning to ask for full
the Indians as a race,
freedom.
It
was
all right,
they argue, to
when we did
know their value, and to keep us as
wards when we could not take care of
forbid us to sell our lands,
PETER RINDISBACHER
Saulteau Indian
ca.
Water-colour,
not
winter dress
in
it
is different now; we
grown men: and it is an injustice to
prevent us from making the most we
can out of our own.
At all events, there are no Indian dif-
ourselves; but
1822
8%
are
x bVi inches
ficulties in
or
how
the
the
the
innocent
left
simple
after their
own
ful cruelties
expense
it
connected with
it
interfright-
and the
189
Company governed
the
maltreating a
factor,
but
in
the
end
blankets or trinkets.
c.
GRANT
Ocean
to
Ocean
1873
JimU./^
computed by
Er-
may be
Daybreak, or whatever
the
and
is
one
a very old
in
it
was
called, "the
the
medium
of
exchange, and every other skin and article of trade was graduated upon the
scale of the beaver; thus a beaver, or a
skin,
mink
2 skins,
on;
and so
skins,
the
in
a blanket, a
values
ferent
dif-
being
This
skins.
in
to
we
explained,
the
trade.
turn
proof of
tangible
corre-
the
trader's,
addresses
^Jrr^/SM,
^:;4/
An
trade.
Indian chief in British finery, Fort Ellice
tions
1881
Pencil drawing,
6%
in
x 4'/2 inches
room
The
universal
passion
dress
for
is
is
the En-
fitting,
tion,
self in this
who can
is
perfec-
array him-
fort
the
ney-pot
is
all
Indian
skin
porcupine
the
raven
embroidered with
and ornamented with
shirt
quills
locks of his
enemies
his
which he looks
bit
new
by
bit
to
it
is
found unsuited
of the
owner has
its
it
never loses
nevertheless,
is
In
foolish
upon
it,
discarded by virtue
many inconveniences
of running buffalo in a
tall
190
much
much
behave
manner
the
of
Company. The
hand
unfortunately
after
in
Indians admitted
first
through a
in their peltries
grating,
many
would
finery
beaver, or
.
thrown
arising out
is
and receive
in
wooden
exchange so
Out
!-
l^'l^'f
Ugly customers
August 30,
881
take
all
be
that the
good
things
So
the
trade
gone.
all
the peltries
smoothly.
stock of
Sometimes,
pemmican
when
or robes
is
the
small,
The
steelyard
and
weighing-balance
they say;
"we
medicine
is
the
would be
don't
but,
blankets
fair, for
on
bit
of iron?"
know what
that
and the
one side
idea
are
"What
is
that
tea:
be as
will
a very bright
ever, a
little bit
when
it
1191
them on
and my gun and
when
You
further.
will
on one
side,
the other
ball
my
will put
blankets,
the ball
and
new
upon
light
some
deliberation,
little
it is
after
resolved to
letting the
white
yard
be as
the balance
let
fisher skins
against
own
and
and
still
round.
way,
brave
for
it
is
which no
and which
great medicine
can
understand,
is
VV
BUTIER
1872
BRITAIN
^^Tiir
'^
/Mii
!^5ii8r^'
,-,
^J<S
tt.r-si=^
E.
D.
PANTER-DOWNES
Navy on Vancouver
Island, British
Columbia
1859
Water-colour,
At
Nanalmo proper
Is
a population of
7x9
inches
away
now
cut-
or sixty
G M
Ocean
seven
or
eight
this
season, while
less
than
thirty
year, they
additional
last
thousand; and
would be
in a
that,
next
position to ship
fifty
it.
li
192 1
ting
in
the
CRAM
to
Ocean
1873
LADY DUFFERIN
BRITAIN
ON
THFPACrFIC- A VirtRECAl
4% x 6%
Water-colour,
There
Metlacatlah,
we
to pilot us into
we are safe at
sea-beast to-day;
little
876
inches
very
is
weather has
pouring rain,
Columbia
Metlakatia, British
VISIT
and
lovely morning,
scenery of
must
tell
this
started
in
and
it
In this
looks most
round
all
it.
his Indi-
ancolleaguescarryonthebusinessofthe
place. Outside, there are gymnastics for
the boys.
boats directly
after
As we approached
fire,
to the
We
little
it
is
It
is
it
otter.
Metlacatlah
ful
is
of Indian missions.
It
is
entirely the
work
of a Mr.
savage condition.
He
is
regarded by them as
has done,
is
wonderful.
good he
and round
the village.
We
were
it
all
the inhabitants of
Room,"
and in a peculiar fireplace, which they
have in all the cottages, and which D.
[Lord Dufferin] would like to put into
some large hall somewhere. It is a good
next
saw
the "Council
it
one
in the
room
is
it.
Every
My Canadian joufnaK
193 1
J872-78
The School is another very good building, and round its walls there are texts
and pictures. The pupils all learn to read
English, which they prefer for reading to
their native tongue their own words
are so very long. They translate what they
read into Tschimshyau.
1891
BRITAIN
ON
THE PACIFIC
-A VICEREGAL
VISIT
'-r**-
^^:.^#r-^
f^s^JjfB!*'
LADY DUFFERIN
Water-colour,
think Mr.
Duncan encourages
reminis-
on the chief. He has toconduct his operations In a peculiar way, and it can easily
5%
7%
make
to
He
strives
by which the
measured, and
men
in
presenting an address
which was
the singing was
the Governor-General,
He
brought
for
them,
194
1876
inches
It
appears
to
be the principal
and
is
relic
hardly
to sing.
ST
lOHN
1877
still left
alive
LADY DUFFERIN
Thursday, 31 si. - We were to have started atdaybreak, but there was a thick fog,
which only lifted at 9:30; after that the
daywas beautiful, and we had a splendid
passage
Islands.
I
shall
over
I
to
suppose
ever be
at.
is
We
in
as
heraldic,
ing the
make
in,
little
it.
We
many houses
sionaries evidently.
is
no missionary
anchored
forest
isthewildestplace
Charlotte's
is
com-
which,
1876
inches
solely inhabited by
this
It
6%
Queen
among them;
opposite
think
the
door
village
and
valued
is
a part of the
is
an oval hole,
195 1
When
man
My Canadian lournai
i372-76
1891
It
BRITAIN
ON
travel
joint
1875
in
down
to live
The scenery
in the
neigh-
the country.
bourhood
wooded
gradual
rocks shoot up
hundred
plumb
feet higher.
for ten or
The valley
little
room
twelve
is
nar-
for the
farmer.
CM. GRANT
Ocean
E.
to
Ocean
1873
SANDY
Columbia
Water-colour,
lb%
24 inches
1%
VISIT
BRITAINONTHEPACIFIC-AVICERECAl
197
VISIT
BRITAIN
ON
VISIT
^^^^
F.
WHYMPER
Water-colour,
in
Frenchman,
who
was kept by a
excelled himself on
deserving the
wake with most tremendous headaches next morning. Some of the visitors
us to
to the bar
Columbia
6% x 8%
amused
ca.
865
inches
us greatly.
One
tall
eral in succession, to
prove
ate sev-
his identity.
The little town of Yale is merely a single row of houses facing the river, which,
having just escaped through the Canons,
here sweeps to the west, a broad and noble river. The town is built on a small flat,
backed on the north by lofty hills, and
looking down the widening valley to the
198
south,
tower up grand and high. The situation is exceedingly picturesque, and the
still
wooden
buildings were as
any Yankee could
desire. Cold may be obtained in the
street of Yale, and a couple of Indians
were working with a "rocker" opposite
the Hotel when we were there.
clean, white,
gay with
flags as
B.
CHEAOLE
865
ANONYMOUS
BRITISH
Yale
COIUMBIA
down
river, all
still
to
be found.
tains,
takes
man
cultivates
16%
x 28'/2 inches
in
Pencil drawing,
ans on the east side of the Rocky Mounbut he is quite as intelligent, and
more
The China-
him, greatly
to the
other
in
appearance so much
each
that
it
it
and
is
at
little
itself
proved
to
be the grave of
est quantities
relationships, resemble
toil,
in
had
tobe found in large quantities to enable a
mantolive.Apoundofflourcostadollar
found
no
every sandbar
is
thodox miner. The Siwash catches salmon in his scoop net from every eddy of the
river, and his wife carries them up to the
house and makes his winter's food.
These two classes of the population, the
the other scattered
and a
and everything
half,
else sold at
was in larg-
from
ing but
it
little
the surface.
the Province
little
199
G-M GRANT
Ocean
lo
Ocean
1873
BRITISH
EDWARD ROPER
road-side,
by
me along a
First
Celestials,
poles,
fit
passed
came by some
latest style,
who
for
with
Bond
their
Street.
Then two
pig-tails,
their
Thecityof
to
its
situation
is
New Westminster,
The boardwalk
at
Water-colour,
came along,
number of
young
LIMIT
British
Columbia
Britishers,
children
was
sure.
regular
Then two
1887
some
then
Indians;
afterwards
ladies,
some
a continual
frequently.
the
dense
forest of
size
by which
itis
shut
in.
such as you
The place
is still
unsightly,
200
at
home so
1891
is
navigable to
this
twenty
feet of water,
communication
England,
carried out.
town
As
Trail
will see in a
ROPER
By Track and
all
yet,
it
be established with
mayevenlually rival Victoria.
however,
eclipsed by that
it
is
completely
more favoured
city.
CHEADLE
1865
BKIIISHC
OIUMBIA
is
the Pyramid
VVESIFRMIMII
Till
of British
29%
Columbia
Mountain supported by a
which his
distance.
lofty
the view;
From time
of burns rushing
to time
down
us,
passed
is a wonderful combination of
beauty about these mountains. Great
masses of boldly defined bare rock are
There
many
tributaries,
miles
long,
and
a beautiful lake
embosomed
CM, GRANT
Ocean to Ocean
201
three
artist.
noble
each defin-
head over
we
The woods prepared us for fresh prospects beyond, so that the eye had a
perpetual feast
1887
inches
1873
to the
BRITISHCOLUMBIA-THE WESTERNLIMIT
EDWARD ROPER
San luan Island and Mount Baker
from Vancouver Island, British Columbia
1887
Water-colour,
14%
landscape
day.
nameofthe
British
Vancouver's ship
in
still
first
saw
it,
and
San
Juan
from
Strait
Van-
part of the
bears the
who
we
inches
separates
that
29%
Before noon
toria
is
would be
purposes,
Haro
Strait, six
States
its
is
its
ince.
for
Ocean
There
M GRANT
lo
is
It
Ocean
202
1873
is
hill
THfVUkON
IHflASIRUSH
1|
A. E. BOULTBEE
Our camp on Mosquito Creek, Yukon
Water-colour,
It
is
cept what
is
necessary; the
trip
is
a long
14 with walls
eight feel
in
7%
men
The
ventilation
is
generally kept
house of this
size.
no expense in procuring
and most varied outfit of food
that can be obtained.
In a cold climate such as this, where it
is impossible to get fresh vegetables and
therefore spare
the best
fruits,
it is
most important
no use of
game
dance, but
become
with
is
loaded themselves up
1898
inches
six feet
height.
one pound
10%
rifles,
taking
and there
is
large
of
firearms along.
is
2 by
in
fruits in
summer
easily
the busy
men
abun-
are usually
in this
country
much
time
in
sparing
less for
little
cooking.
common
{203
teritis, cystitis
from exposure
LAOUt
Klondyke Facts
897
THE
YUKON -THE
LAST
RUSH
A.
BOULTBEE
E.
A group of
7%
10%
inches
pallingtohearthe
My
God!
it
is
ap-
"Casey"
From
a letter
I
quoted
Klondyke Facts
in
LADUE
204
1897
EPILOGUE
and
up,
from the
to the Pacific.
Its
fer-
and
what
we have
and
a great
fertile
to four
hundred miles
and
a fair land;
It is
fish, in
treasures of
and
the mine;
to
Ocean
1873
There was a steady campaign to encourage emigration from the British Isles.
Lord Lome, Queen Victoria's son-in-law
and Covernor-Ceneral of Canada,
from
the
emigration
encouraged
Old Country by commissioning correspondents like S.P. Hall from the
British
and
newspapers
opportunities
tion
that
pure, dry,
health
and
strength of
home
for
our
own
body and
we have
surplus popula-
come
to
Canada
the magnificent
existed.
Immigra-
Europe
Mennonites,
from
Continental
was
sufencouraged. The
fering from persecution in Czarist Russia,
is
to
on
report back
skyward
the railway
We know
that
Northwest,
we have
country
a great
old
like
and
GRANT
Ocean
The
plain,
flat
provinces
also
left
their
established
outstanding
results.
205
American
because
Russia,
the
We
lieve that
union,
union
that
be-
is
loyalty
is
better
growth than
pulling down. The ties that bind us
to the Eatherland must be multiguarantee
plied, the
and
true
for
politically
traditions,
elevation,
shall
even
respons ibilities
Ocean
we
at the outset
to
Ocean
'
1873
IMMIGRATION
in
from
Kingdom,
United
the
number
being
members
labourers,
large
agricultural
English
who
of the Union,
workmen
fine stalwart
of desti-
in a state
remuneration
decently,
labour to
for their
is
SOMETHING ROTTEN
IN
had no difficulty
making myself a home among them,
and wassorry to see that many were ill itI
in
erate, a strong
and
religious
had
secular,
entirely
they
for
reply, that
and
if
brutalised.
O'LEARY
p.
Travels
and Experiences
in
Canada
no dale
We
steerage,
where some of
the
in
the
Canadian
to.
D. [Lord
them
that
in
My Canadian journal,
1872-78
THE DISCIPLINE
of the "Scandinavian"
was everything
could be desired, the crew and passengers being prohibited as far as possithat
ble
from
intermingling.
The
male
hammocks
in
women
and
sides, the
away from
sent out by
206
MISS MCPHERSON
*'./ r
IMMIGRATION
^^l^jljf(P
4?
^}
(/f^ti^iui'^yrTi
attention to their
little
childish fancies,
Captain Smith himself setting the example. Those little creatures sung delightfully
donna at Covent
Garden; they were well clad, and bore
evidence of good care in every way.
ed, even to a prima
f-
OLEARY
Travels
and Experiences
in
Canada
207
no date
8% X
878
14 inches
IMMIGRATION
How Mr.
Norquay
mountain
Manitoba
1881
raised a
in
hm?'-<^^;^A**M^'
Society at Winnipeg is very pleasant;
composed chiefly of the old families who
formed the Hudson Bay Company and
their
descendants,
Indian blood
many
of
in their veins.
whom
have
Theireduca-
are
well-read,
intelligent
people,
as
Pencil drawing,
r^^V^/
6% X 4Vi
/;v/.A4)t V'-4*'/.i^.-
Many
descent.
ol iheiii are
handsome
One of these
inquired
how
inches
in
the
answered
my
am one
meeting a
young Englishman fresh from the old
country, and full of its prejudices, was
mistakes.
race,
ladies,
and condolences,
sociate
with
at
having to asAt
half-castes.
M. FITZCIBBON
Trip to
Manitoba
208
880
last
he
"All
life!
of these despised
left
him. She
it
ef-
iMMir.RAiinv
,^
Winnipeg, Manitoba
1881
LORNES RECEPTION
need not occupy muc h space, as the telegraph despatches sent from time to lime
have doubtless given all the leading facts
connected therewith. On arrivingon Saturday night. His Excellency and party
went straightway to Silver Heights,
which had been very handsomely fitted
up for them by Donald A. Smith. Unfortunately just about the
time of Lord
is
responded to.
Tuesday His Excellency and some
priately
On
Government.
members of
ill
in
the old
was
cellency
decorations
fell
considerably short of
what
for
that the
leave before
it
In
games
and
Park,
at the
the
racecourse. While
TORONTO
Globe
209
at
Caledonian
in the
cellency replied.
On
Thursday
afternoon
His
Ex-
were
met
by
the
where they
and
Chancellor
members of the
University of Manitoba,
by whom an address was presented, and
the usual reply given. In the evening His
at Silver
Heights.
On
Friday Lord
tentiary at
torical
On
visited
Orphan-
Emerson
in
the afternoon.
f^^
IMMIGRATION
i/v
The
last
We
will
lineof
cellently
train
can proceed
but as
track
la id
we
we
at
on the
we reach
frontiers of the
we see on our
and usually nearer to us,
clumpsand bands of poplar wood. There
are also many lakes and lakelets pretty
ponds, for leware so large as to be worthy
of the name of lake; ponds where
numerous wild fowl seem to be for ever
swimming about among the rich reeds
on the margin, ponds around which
deep rank grass rises higher than anywhere else on the level summer meadows. There is many a tract where the
meadow appears still untouched by the
hand of man yet it has long ago, depend
upon it, been bought, and bought for a
province of Manitoba,
horizon-line,
6%
la Prairie,
Manitoba
1881
inches
is
Never was
greater.
dowed
for the
purposes of
its
existence,
the
moment
present
hold
at
least
line
reject those
is
bow-
210
which may be
became
possessed,
took the
line,
when
they
they under-
of a land-fortune which,
inferior,
in
cash,
wasone of
MARQUIS OF LORNE
Canadian Pictures
884
IMMICRATIOS
^"^^^E^^^^^^
^J^
top^
-'^^'1-^^^ C^^^'^-^
tL.
an
Lome
8-month
interviewing
settler
on the
prairies
1881
Pencil drawing,
The
settlers
have
their
came
names, but
it is
enough
4'/4 x
thifty-five
land.
measured
new-turned
and they had
this
his oats,
of
and said
pecially steading,
logs piled
that
the potatoes
very limited
inches
them
gave
to say
One
in their
ly
the other,
was commodious
enough to be used as a sort of run. He
built them both with his own hands at a
one on
cost of $30.
that of Ontario.
are
and thinks
He
itl:)etterthan
fertile
than the
for
MARQUIS OF LORNE
Canadian Pictures
211
884
seed
to
the
new-
/O
IMMIGRATION
..ir-
.i*^
JH>3te>''.';^"'
'
'v-fi'
-^T;*^'^'^ '^
,^*i^:^ A-^C-
>^^f^^^^ ;'v;
I
.>
!*
4
SYDNEY PRIOR HALL
The
Bi?lrM
V,,.'
',"' ,,v>*
.^*^
**> ,L^
,fP.
..*)
,,'/
.
1881
prairie
Pencil drawing,
This
was
a prairie
Is
mon were
212
IMMICRAIION
"
^^
-^^^^^^
-^'^^i^^i '>^^i^-J^'^>;.^;:--*.
-
\i
r'
''f.J
breakfast
and even
for these
was obliged
to
wade
flat
prairie sort,
its
{213
swamp
their
abode.
and
or lake, in
875
IMMIGRATION
^'^^^ifejr
beginnings
GOVERNOR-GENERAL'S CAMP,
FORT CALGARY, SEPT, 12
Mbert.i
thevalleyof
its
move,
Bow
tonwood, wild
in
one
hitch.
We rattled along at
looked
tation.
leaves of
made
over-
walking beside
buckboard
and doing their best to keep their
thoroughly "played out" Broncho on the
move. Luckily had Punch tied by the
halter to the back of my waggon, and
having harnessed him to the buckboard
Hall
their
in
in
company
cherries,
and willows,
like
by Battleford
reached
slight
many
frost
lemon and
summer verdure
untouched
of the
THE CAMP
here
is
sooner or later
for agricultural or
lack of fuel
is
to
be of value either
drawback, but unless am much mistaken coal will be found in such quantities
and so distributed throughout the
countryastomake fuel easily obtainable
in any part of the North-west, while the
I
But
trees.
through which
only say that
in a beautiful
make
much
than
is
it
at
present ....
FORT CALGARY
plateau
on the Elbow River. The camp commands a charming view of the Rocky
Mountains, and is in all respects the most
beautiful that we have had on the whole
journey from Winnipeg. The rows of
tents and waggons are laid out so as to
enclosea parallelogram with mathematical precision, and the little raised plateau, the whole of which is thus
enclosed, is almost as smooth and level
asa
Inthiswhole region, so
have been able to observe,
THE SOIL
we have
was generally
now
of returning by the
tuousthanatBlackfootcrossing; indeed.
rest of
noon we reached
this
far the
most
beautiful.
billiard table.
far as
nipeg,
and
after
214
and baggage
built for the
it
in
was intended
bow
had been
and
when
his party
Saskatchewan instead
way of Helena as they
have since determined to do.
of the South
TORONTO
Globe
October
10,
1881
IMMICRATION
Mw n
r.
Mr. Clark
had received intelligence from Edmonton, that Yankee free-traders from Belly
River had entered the country, and were
selling rum to the Indians in exchange for
their horses. The worst consequences
were feared, as when the Indians have no
-*^?^
horsestheycannot hunt. When they cannot hunt they are not ashamed to steal
horses, and horse-steal ng leads to wars.
The Crees and Blackfeet have been at
peace for the last two or three years, but,
if the peace was once broken, the old
thirst for scalps would revive and the
i
spoke
bitterly of the
helplessness of the
consequence
authorities, in
of having
SYDNEY PRIOR
1^
HALL
4^^'
]^^
property
r\
i
Mounted
Police
^jfc,
-i^&/
expresses,
VLV
Colonel Herchmer,
North West
Mounted
Police
Mounted
UE
1^^
Police
1881
Pencil drawing,
1 3'/? X 8% inches
times the
there
is
if
the govern-
fifty
first.
men
if
Three or four
each,
like
those
be sufficient for
if
of the Manitoba
The Crees are anxious for a
treaty. The Blackfeet should be dealt
with firmly and generously; treaties
made with both on the basis of those
agreed upon in the east; a few simple
repetitions
afford
rebellion.
Imi
Corporal Shaw,
North West
of
the purpose,
iilK
Pencil drawing,
bVixAVi inches
clear that
1881
is
ABOVE RIGHT
it
companies
WW
Pencil drawing,
3% X 3Vi inches
ment wishes to avoid worrying, expensive, murderous difficulties with the Indians, "something must be done." There
must be law and order all over our
Iw*^-^
^yr^
or
"mv
1881
hundred
five
^/^%
Colonel Irvine,
North West
within
ty
annuities
small
enforced;
allowed; the spirit-traffic prohibited, and
schools and missionaries encouraged.
vance
'"^^'"^^^k.^lhpu.tBtl'-^'
''^-''
C M GRANT
*(
[215
ean
to
Ocean
1873
IMMiCRATION
'1
l\\
'k
1881
7%
inches
mountain
every object of
hill
mighty barrier
rising
midst an
and
prairies of
measureless solitudes of
Land. Here, at
last,
lay the
Rocky Moun-
tains.
VV
BUTLER
216
\872
.?'aazi_
Water<olour,
all
much
lighter
They use
do
so; self-binders always. They thresh on
the field; no barns are needed. The straw
and cheaper than in
machinery wherever
Britain.
possible to
it is
common
guiding
work
it
use.
The man
on
rides
it,
perfectly,
with very
much
less
any rate.
Everything is adapted to make work
easyandquick. Thehorsesused inManitoba, and all through Canada, are not
half so heavy as ours; they seemed to do
labour to the man,
at
very
with
them,
though.
Horses and
thrive
on
in
it.
MVt
x 20'/4 inches
same
relate
hundreds
some
Manitoban
it
village
is
another
set of incidents
posite to them.
no end
crop
at all,
owing to
was no
bushels of wheat.
farm-work;
it is
ple lo go to
who
harder than
1887
EDWARD ROPER
for
true,
all
naturally,
217
there
these ac-
may be
summed up
in a
came
to
may be
It
is
not
know what
a terrible
real
hard work
ROPER
By Track
.ind Tmi/
1891
is.
r-A:
.'
'''-
-: /.-
>s;
^.
/
.^-
.-.
'
.*':
t*//..
- :'.'>;',
'V
^r.
-.'*>
-*
'',,
I,
REDDER
The railway
station
Sepl.
26
[ 1
interest-
S.,
les).
- Half-past
6 to half-past
hours; half-past
He does
hours.
longer hours.
at first,
then
added
He
stooks,
broken;
He
has 33
in a
day
(total,
30 mi-
it
rest,
to half-past 6; total,
not find
threshes
by purchase or hire,
till he farms above 5,000 acres. He is still
quite a young man perhaps 30. He
to this, either
Brandon, Manitoba
at
answers
to
in.
Can
wheat
is
it
is
is
used to
fire
cleaned again
much
the engine.
The
at the elevator
goes
direct there, and a certain percentage is
charged for dirt with Sandison probably about 5 per cent.
The men
guarded with
get
3 feet of
his farm.
It
$35
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
The
V(s/r
Canada
218
889
do
his
on
first
all
ca.
x 7'/2 inches
In
of the
1890
Tenant-Farmer Delegates
1891
To
THEPRAIKIESOCCUPIEO
J.
REDDER
Salvation
Army meeting
at
Calgary
make
The Salvation Army was the great attraction yesterday. Early in the morning they
tive.
commenced
operations by a Hallelujah
From 10
11
to
Capt.
Young and
his concertina,
the proceedings
9'/4
still
ca.
1889
inches
more
attrac-
August 26.
887
assist at the
this
week.
Army ar-
Ise in
town
in
generally termed
They will
day or two and will hold their first service on Sunday next. Capt. Dawson, of
Victoria, will arriveon Friday morning to
and
now more
'Salvation lasses.'
a
CAICARY
Herald
as they are
Capt.
Salvation
of the
there wi
to the
Sunday morning
at 7 o'clock and
army will be in full swing
and a fixed and permanent institution of
the town. Capt. Young goes east to-morrow morning.
CAICARV
coast,
is
in
town.
In
conversation with
Army was
and Cadet
Iverich, all of
219
them
ladies, or
fast' will
te discussed
generally the
Tribune
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alexander, Sir
ploration in
)-E.
London: 1783.
Back, C. Narrative of an Expedition in H.M.S.
Terror, Undertaken with a View to Geograph-
1848
By Shoe and Canoe. 2 vols. Published
London: 1850.
Bishop, Isabella L. The English Woman in America. \ohn Murray, London: 1856.
Bonnycastle, Sir R.H. Canada As It Was. Is, and
May Be. 2 vols. Colburn &Co., London: 1852.
The Canadas in 1841. 2 vols. Henry
Colburn, London: 1 841
Bigsby,
J.J.
privately,
Bouchette,
J.
vols.
Stewart
Butler,
Chappell,
mond
E.
to
(Cockburn,
Cockloft,
E.T.
Thomas
Made
Observations,
Cursory
J.
Environs.
in
in the
Year
and
Cook,
A Voyage
J.
edition). H.
Cozzens,
F.S.
to the Pacific
Ocean. (2nd
Noses. Derby
&
or,
A Month
Jackson,
New York:
Department of Agriculture.
The
1859.
Visit
of
the
New York:
Ellice,
K.
J.
1891.
Diary.
Manuscript
in
the
Public
woods.
Archives of Canada.
Fergusson, A. Practical Notes
Made During
Grant,
Toronto: 1873.
(ed).
Toronto; (1882).
Haliburton,
T.
C.
An
Account of Nova
Historical
and
Statistical
Howe,
Halifax: 1829.
New
Britaniola,
Old Newfoundland.
Rot)ert
Heriot, C. Travels
1838.
Kingston,
Chapman &
Hall,
2 vols.
London: 1856.
Capt.
220
1.
&
Lome, Marquis
Historical
the
Maritime
Colonies
of
America.
British
London; 1877.
O'Leary, P. Travels and Experiences in Canada.
IB. Day, London: (1877).
Parry, Capt, W.E. lournal of a Second Voyage for
the Discovery of a North-West Passage. John
I,
Warre,
J.
Society; 1883-84.
Ackermann, Robert
(1
81 6/7-after 1860)
106-07
was possibly Robert Ackermanr}. a wood
This artist
engraver in
as
New
Canada. The
relationship
master
at the
Ontario.
No
who
York,
lists
INDEX OF ARTISTS
M.P.,
artist;
worked
W.C. Storm
in
in
in
to the
Klondyke
1898.
112
Daughter of Conway Dobbs, of Dublin. Harriet
married Reverend R. D. Cartwrlght of Kingston in
1832.
(active
1838-1842)
This
ca 1876.
126,147
water-colourist.
commander of H. M.S.
Dartnell,
38
tion
and
George
Russell
(1
Thomas
Davies,
(1
737(?)-l 81 2)
31
Amherstburg.
instructor at
He returned to
Woolwich and
England
to
become
Commissioned
in
the
Royal Engineers,
Bastide
127
Daughter of General Charles Wright, she married
Henry Wolsey Bayfield, who was Admiralty surveyor lor British North America in the years 181757. They lived in Quebec and Charlottetown.
846-1 886)
37
76th Regiment of Foot, Bland
served in British North America, mostly at Halifax
from 1853-57. He was appointed Chief Instructor
Commissioned
in the
Bouchette, Joseph
(1
Holland,
whom
Topographical
Boullbee, Alfred
E. (active
121
193,194,195
Born Hanoi Hamilton, Lady Dufferin married in
1862 and took up residence at Clandeboye, Ireland. Lord Dufferin was appointed GovernorGeneral of Canada 1872-1878; and they travelled
to British
Columbia
in
1876.
13,96
43
Samuel
Canada
Ellice,
774-1 841
875-1 929)
203, 204
The son of Alfred Boultbee, Toronto lawyer and
1820-after 1886)
(ca.
States
for
Queen
Victoria at
Buckingham Palace.
Maurice (1842-1928)
Caviller,
140
Caviller immigrated as a child to
Bond Head,
130-31
Elizabeth married lohn Hale in 1798 in London,
Commissioned
69, 88-89
Davies attended Royal Military Academy. Woolwich, 1755-56; and was commissioned in the
Royal Artillery. He served in North America:
1757-62, 1764-66, 1776-78. and 1786-90. A line
but unusual water-colourist, he published views
to
Washington
in
798-1 878)
136
Friend,
Ottawa
gentleman
148
Cockburn, James Pattison( 1778-1 847)
11,52, 54-55, 61 62, 63, 64-65, 72, 74, 83,
Back joined the Royal Navy as a first class volunteer in 1808. Most of his active career was spent
in Arctic exploration. He was a member of Sir lohn
Franklin's first (1819-22) and second (1825-261
overland expeditions to the shores of the Polar Sea.
He led an overland expedition down what became
known as the Back River in 1833-35 and a traditional but abortive sea voyage into the Arctic as
155,156, 158
120
58,77
Mr. Ford
Mary
Chaplin, Milllcent
Terror (1836-371.
149,150
Commissioned
Sydney
0, 28, 33,
Prior
90,
(1
91
842-1 922
206-07, 208, 209, 2 1 0,
,
211,212-13,214,215,216
Hall was a "special artist" for the London Graphic
He accompanied the Marquis of Lome
magazine.
753, died
777)
30
Commissioned
in
Hamilton served
the
in British
Maritimes. 1753-59.
during the Seven Years' War.
George (1766-1844)
39,53,56-57,78-79,146
Heriot,
Educated
Military
(1833-1889)
15, 175, 186,
187
Hind immigrated
to
Ellice,
beauty
in
her time.
(1809?-1886)
151
Daughter of flight Honorable Reginald Pole-Carew,
she married lames B. B. Estcourt in 1837 and
accompanied him to Canada.
221
in British
North America
in
1838-42.
and commanded volunteer forces during the Rebellion of I83B in Lower Canada.
Hunter, lames (active
776-1 799)
in the
Royal
Artillery in
1761
at the
draughtsman 1776-1781.
a colleague
He was
E.
he
served
Panter-Downes, Edward D.
192
(active 1857-1
859)
A hydrographic surveyor in the Royal Navy, PanterDownes served on H.M.S. Tribune stationed at
Vancouver Island
in
1859
783-1 868)
(1
46
Military
Academy
at
in
of Prince
North American
He
waters.
and
command
the charts.
Mitchell,
Thomas
(1
833?-l 925)
168
was appointed an Assistant Paymaster in
Navy in 1864 and served in 1875-76with
Commander C S. Nares on the British Expedition
to the Arctic which reached slightly north of Ellesmere Island. Mitchell acted as a photographer and
Mitchell
the Royal
1846)
Moody
Cariboo Road
in British
Columbia.
850-after
An
(1
829-1 894)
English
colourist,
Academy.
1858.
Owen
Stanley,
(181 1-1850)
167
Stanley attended Royal Naval College, Portsmouth,
1824, and served with Sir George Back on H.M.S.
tions of the Pacific.
duty
He was
776-1 780)
on
active
49
Son of William
Stretton,
eminent Staffordshire
antiquarian,
America
in
1818.
1797-1821)
40
A draughtsman
Nova
in the
Commander
ADC.
in
32-33
Randall was captain of ship Peggy on the Quebec
-Halifax run, and was connected with the Royal
Navy during the American Revolution.
surveyed por-
Oregon and
He
in Australia
when he died.
1842-46 as
1
British
(1
752-1 793)
160, 161
Webber,
England
the
in Missouri.
(ca.
1796-18471
14,200,202,217
Roper, an English author and artist, travelled to
Canada, 1883 and 1887, and crossed Canada on
the Canadian Pacific Railway. By Track and Trail
123, 124-25
Whitefield immigrated to the United States in 1840
to become an itinerant topographical artist. He
visited Canada in 1854. He was famous for his
carefully detailed lithographic views of American
and Canadian
Whymper,
cities.
Frederick (active
863-1 883)
198
An illustrator and author and member of an artistic
family, Whymper travelled widely in North America.
He
Illustrated
London News.
42,119
Sandy,
E.
No
Commissioned
relate to
in
the
Royal
Artillery,
Williams
Columbia
area.
He retired in
909)
196-97
218,219
16,99
Roebuck, William
Moody, Hampden
139,180
Redder, |ohn
100-01
in
He was
(1 801 -1 868)
110-111
O'Brien was commissioned in the Royal Artillery
and served in British North America, 1823-29.
201
Son of Colonel
S.,H.
50-51,90
Commissioned
INDEX OF ARTISTS
He accompanied
H.Y.
Explor-
Seton,
vi,
Commissioned
Anonymous
26-27, 59, 71
115, 182
in
the
222
139,157,199
1 1
8,
28-29,
INDEX
numerals
reference
on
indicate
that
to the illustration
is
re-
the
found
that page.
Indians,
Amherstburg^ Ontario, 12
Annapolis Royal (Port Royal), Nova
31,3)
162-68
Saskatchewan, 79/
BayofQuinte, Lake Ontario, 131
Beauharnois, Quebec, 13, 13, 96
Bermuda, 24, 35
Bigsby.J.l., 138
Bishop, I.L., 36
Bland, lames Fox, 29
Battleford,
Bonnycastle,
147
Bolhwell, Ontario. /57
Bouchette, )., 23, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36,
39,43,47,55
Bow
River, Alberta,
;76-77,214
205
Brock, General, monument to, 147
Brockville, Ontario, 97, 106, 106-07
2(9
Canadian
Canadian
Illustrated
News, 1 04
210
Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, 23, 32
Cape Diamond, Quebec, 49, 54
Carberry, Manitoba, 217,217
Cariboo, 159, 186
Carleton House (H.B.C. post), 172
Cascade Rapids, St. Lawrence River,
St.
Lewis (Chateau
St.
LouisI,
Quebec, 56, 59
Cataraqui, see Kingston
Chambly
(fort),
Columbia
159
Kashabowie
River,
Oregon
Territory,
3,
47,
38
Station, 142
Kingston, Ontario,
208
Cumberland
Knee Lake,
85. 186
Townshend, Newfoundland, 25
Fort Vancouver, 173, 178
Fort Victoria, Vancouver Island, J 73
Fort
Ontario,
Landmann,
Ml
59,
New
Fredericton,
29,
144,
215
Cros Isle,
St.
180,
River, 48,
Nova
48
97
35-37,40,41, 182
Halifax, Evening Express, 38-39
Hall, B., Ill, 113, 158
Hall, Sydney Prior, 10-11, 17,205
Hamilton, John, 29
Hardy, C, 41
Haro Strait, 202
Hawkins, A., 49, 56-57, 58, 59, 60,
150,
River,
70
1/8,119
Parliament House, Quebec, 58
WE. 162
Peachey, James, 1 1 47, 97
Penetanguishene (Penetangueshene),
Ontario, 138, 139
Parry,
97
Perth, Ontario,
Peterborough,
Ontario,
123-25. 124,125
Petrolia, Ontario, 157
Newfoundland,
Abraham, 49
Plains of
10-/
173,198,200
Montmorency,
Quebec,
69-71,
59
Nanaimo,
British
Columbia, 192,
/92
Napier, W.H.E., 97, 159
219
Hope, Ontario, 97
Port Royal, see Annapolis Royal
Port
Edward
32-33,
29,
Island,
32-33
Puget Sound, 202
Quebec
City,
Quebec,
//,
12,47-74,
Queen Charlotte
195
146-47,
Islands, 195,
Queenston, Ontario,
147, 149
146,
River, v,
2/6
Roper,
E.,
125,200, 217
v;,
Sackett's Harbour,
10,
223
209
29, 43-46, 43-45
174,
180-85, 180
Red Rock, Ontario, 144
New Brunswick,
42
/, 1 1
Quebec, 49, 58
St.
8, 17, 18-
23, 18-23
122,
97,
Moody, Hampden,
T.S.,
57
Parliament Buildings, Ottawa, 118,
Red
Hunt,
16-20
Hind, H.Y., 42
Hind, William G.R., 15, 159
74-79
70-71
131, 146,148
73,
63,68
Hayman, R., 19
76, 77, 78, 81, 87, 98, 99, 102,
Prince
186,
Lawrence
149,
188-89,
192, 196, 199, 201, 202, 205,
177,
174,
70,
102
157, 159,
15
R.,
59,
97
205,209,209,210,211,211
Loyalists, 29, 97,
Placenlia,
P.,
Oregon,
G.T., 71
Lindsay, Ontario,
O'Brien, Lucius
O'Leary,
Scotia, 42, 42
Overlandersof'62, 15, 186-87, 186
63
Lawrence, Charles, 31
Levinge,R.C.A., 45,47, 91-94, 149
164-65
73
Brunswick,
45-46, 46, 92-93
Fraser River,
Lachine Rapids, 98
Ladue, )., 203, 204
Lake Champlain, 87, 89, 90
Lake Huron, 97, 138
Lake Kashabowie, 142
Lake of the Woods, 1 38, 1 42
Lake Ontario, 146
Lake St. Ann, 187, 187
Lake Simcoe, 132, 136, 137, 138,
138
Lake Superior, 141
Lambert, J., 50, 60, 69, 83
Ottawa River, 1 1
The Ovens, Nova
Labrador, 22, 25
Lac deMille Lacs, 142
Prescott,
Norway House
20,
Wellington,
104, 105
iir,
Fort
7-29
Nova Scotia,
1 1
39
96
138,149
Fergusson; A.,
Newfoundland,
New
170
Noltawasaga Bay, Lake Huron, 1 38,
139
Nova Scotia, 25, 29, 31-32, 34-2
98
Halifax,
99
Castle of
70
Kaministiquia, Ontario,
214
Ellice,
1,
of,
195,207
Assiniboia,
Kaminisliquia River,
River,
40-4
Elbow
Armstrong, William, 13
1 ,
Scotia, 29,
Arctic, 97,
40-4
vi,
Territory,
51
St.
Charles,
Quebec, 91-92
St.
Saratoga, Springs
65
92, 94
St.
St.
Si.
lean,
St.
St.
John,
St.
St.
Brunswick, 46
Edward
Sorel,
Marquis de, 87
Sorel,
Quebec, 87
Southesk,
Newfoundland, 1 7, 22,
24-28, 24-27
Lawrence River, 23, 25, 47, 49,
65,78,84-85,97,101, 110
lohn's,
St.
Maurice
St.
Pierre
River,
Traill,
17 77
,
Sandby, Paul, 11
San luan Island (U. S.A.I, 202, 202
Earl
of,
Thames
180,
Henry Fox,
Trois Rivieres,
183,
54
Vancouver
ON
set
75
Mono
Island, 173,
BOOK
for lithography
printed by
(96-97,202
Columbia, 1 73
Yale,
British
Columbia,
(98-99
by
Sampson Matthews
224
Ltd.,
by Herzig Sommervitte
Ltd.,
75.
Warburlon, G.D., 26
Warre, H.J., 97, 159, 176-77, 178
179, (79
was
Quebec,
Victoria, British
the
103, 123,
type
196,212,213
Talbot, William
C.P.,
Island
St.
MO
Quebec, 87, 90
New
Falls,
Ill
of.
Slave
INDEX
Frani<
Ltd.,
Newfeld
Ltd.,
196,
198,
^lp|
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