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production order when WIP is created as it is a financial entry and the balance is already held in the order. The
COGM account is defined in GBB / VKA and it is the account that should be credited when finished or semi
finished goods are received in stock from the order. The change in stock account (BSV) is debited when the
materials are issued to production or cost center. The change in stock account for raw materials is RM
Consumption Account, for semi finished goods the same may be defined in the following way.
Strategy 1:
Define 1 single account as 'Increase / Decrease in SFG' and define it as COGM account in GBB / VBO as well as
change in stock account in BSV.
Strategy 2:
Define 2 different accounts in GBB / VBO and BSV and group them at one place in your financial statement
version so that the net change is always reported.
Remember, WIP and Semi finished goods are not same from SAP point of view. The COGM account for WIP is
maintained in OKG8 and do not create a cost element for the same.
For Finished Goods maintain COGM account in GBB / VBO and nothing is to be maintained in BSV.
I hope this clarifies.
XXX
XXX
Table 1.0
Credit
Credit
XXX
Vendor Account
XXX
Table 2.0
GL Entries during Step 3: Vendor Payment
Debit
Vendor Account
Credit
XXX
Bank Account
XXX
Table 3.0
Credit
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
Table 4.0
GL Entries during Step 5: Semi Finished Good 1 used as raw material for the production of Semi
Finished Good 2
Debit
Stock of Semi Finished Good 2
Credit
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
Table 5.0
GL Entries during Step 6: Semi Finished Good 2 used for the production of Finished Good
Debit
Stock of Finished Good
Credit
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
Table 6.0
Credit
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
Table 7.0
Credit
XXX
XXX
Table 8.0
Credit
XXX
XXX
Table 9.0
Live posting example during sales invoice release from accounts using VFX3.
Credit
XXX
Customer Account
XXX
Table 10.0
Now let us try to understand COGM, COGS and Production Order Price Difference Accounts;
Finished and Semi Finished Material will be valuated at "Standard Price" for all COGM, COGS and Closing
Stock calculation.
1.1) COGM: Cost of Goods Manufactured
Transactions hitting COGM account are;
a) Goods Produced
b) Goods Issued to Production Order
c) Reversal of Goods Produced
d) Entries posted during settlement of Production Orders ( Variance)
I have broken down the COGM entries for clear understanding. Please find the below screen shots.
If
ML
is
not
activated we will not be able to apportion the total variance between stock, COGM and COGS. We follow the
below mentioned procedure to split the variance.
In the first column the total variance for each product has been entered. Second column we enter the total
quantity produced for the material. So Total Variance / Production Quantity = Variance Per Ton.
You have the quantity for Closing Stcok, COGM and COGS of the material. Multiply it with Variance per ton.
Closing Stock Quantity * Variance Per Ton
COGM * variance Per Ton
Figu
re 1.0
1.1.b) Goods Issued to Production Order:
When a Semi finished good is issued against a production order Stock of the semi finished good is credited and
cost of manufacturing the semi finished good is debited with document type "WA". (Refer Table 6.0)
Entires will be posted against the particular material i.e with material number.
Figur
e 2.0
1.1.c) Reversal of Goods Produced:
When a finished / semi finished good "A" Quantity is produced at "X" rate and reversed "B" Quantity at "Y" rate,
the quantity will be reversed at "Y" rate and the difference in price "X - Y" will be posted in Price Difference and
COGM account.
GL entries posted will be;
(For GL entries posted when Raw Material is Issued to Production of Semi Finished Good refer Table 4.0)
Debit
COGM of Semi Finished Good
Credit
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
Table 11.0
During settlement of production order variance will be posted to Production Order Price Diff Account and COGM
KIndly chek my blog "Understanding Production Order Variance Part - 1 "
(http://scn.sap.com/community/erp/manufacturing-pp/blog/2012/03/13/understanding-production-order-variance-part-1).
Note: There is no hard and fast rule for analysing COGM. Analyse COGM based on the analysis I have given
above, if any other entries are posted we have to analyse those entries one by one.
Let me try to explain COGM entry for one material.
COGM entry posted for material "FG1" is 27,134.90 AED.
Let me explain the entries. "FG1" produced is (Execute Transaction Code MB5B for movement type 101 + 102 )
28,507,148.10 AED.
"FG1" issued to production order is (Execute Transaction Code MB5B for movement type 261 + 262 )
28,480,013.2 AED.
COGM -> 28,507,148.10 - 28,480,013.2 = 27,134.90
1.2) COGS: Cost of Goods Sold
For calculating Cost of Goods Sold materials will be va;luated at standard price maintained in the material
master.
Execute Transaction Code MB51 for movement type 601 + 602. Also consider price difference during sales
reversal.
Both the 601 & 602 values should match with COGS general ledger (If no price diference for sales reversal is
there).
MB5B 601 + 602 Report
Figure 4.0
FBL3N COGS Report
Figure 5.0
1.3) Production Order Price Difference Account
Opening
Receipt
Issue
Closing
FG1
276,120.06
116,157,464.09
115,882,172.88
814,101.12
FG2
0.00
7,868,063.25
7,616,416.50
0.00
Table 12.0
If we substitute the values in the formula the closing stock will not match. We need to consider all material
movements.
Material
FG1
FG2
Opening
Receipt
276,120.06 116,157,464.09
0.00
7,868,063.25
Issue
Material Transfer
Closing
115,882,172.88
37,161.73
225,528.12
814,101.12
(251,646.75)
0.00
7,616,416.50
Table 13.0
Reconciliation 1:
Opening Stock + Raw Material Receipt - Raw Material Consumed = Raw Material Closing Stock
Reconciliation 2:
Receipt of Raw Material = Invoice received from Vendor
Reconciliation 3:
Raw Material Consumed = Raw Material Issued for the Production of Finished Good
= Raw Material Consumption GL
Reconciliation 4:
Raw Material Closing Stock = Stock GL of Raw Material
Now let us analyze each scenario;
Reconciliation 1: Opening Stock + Raw Material Receipt - Raw Material Consumed = Raw Material
Closing Stock
As explained in my Previous Blog "ERP Post Implementation Challenges - Part 1" all material movements
should be considered for calculating the closing stock of material.
Figure 1.0
Figure 2.0
To generate Credit Note / Debit Note list generated against the material:
We have to combine few tables for generating the report.
Execute SQVI and create a query with the following data.
Tables: RBKP, RBMA, LFA1
Joining Condition:
Figure 3.0
Figure 4.0
Debit / Credit will be recorded as "S" or "H"
Reconciliation 3: Raw Material Consumed = Raw Material Issued for the Production of Finished Good =
Raw Material Consumption GL
Raw Material will be consumed for the production of Semi / Finished Good, which will be created against Process
Order. The total raw material consumed against a process order can be generated from transaction code KOB1.
Let me explain with an example:
Raw Material 1 (RM1) is used for the production of three Finished Good (FG1, FG2, FG3)
Material
Process Orders
Quantity Produced
FG1
10000035
67,981.00
FG2
11000035
343,842.00
FG3
12000035
61,601.00
Total Raw Material RM1 issued during the period is 106,136.00 TO. This is the quantity used for then production
of 473,424.00 TO of FG1, FG2, FG3.
Figure 5.0
Table 1.0
(Report from MB51 movement Type 101 + 102)
From transaction KOB1 we will be able to equate the Finished Good Produced and Raw Material Consumed
quantity.
Figure 6.0
Figure 7.0
Raw Material (RM1) Consumption GL should be updated with the value of 1,061,360.00
(Report from FBL3N Raw Material (RM1) Consumption GL + Raw Material (RM1) Price Difference GL)
Fugure 8.0
GL Entries Posted During the Process;
Raw Material Consumed for Production of Finished Good
Figure 9.0
Stock Report of Material From FBL3N
Figure 10.0
Generally We can reconcile opening, receipt, issue Closing by inputting values in the table listed below;
Issu
e To
Cost
Cent Physic
Mat
Issue To
Receipt
Producti
Price
0 Qty
ion
al
Invent
on Order 201
er
+
261 + 262 202
ory
GL
Postin Consumpt
g
ion
Sales
Closing
K
(A+B+C+
D) -
D+E+F+G
FG1
53
.34
28
.84
0.00 0.00
Figure 11.0
+H
J)
Table 2.0
(F+G+H+
40
.24
.87
Debit
Raw Material Consumption
Credit
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
Table 3.0
Description
MB5B
Material Report
MB51
Material Report
FBL3N
GL Report
FBL1N
Vendor Report
KOB1
Production Report
MCBE
Material Report
MC.A
Material Report
MC+E
Sales Report
SQVI
Dynamic Query
Table 4.0
Features
The following graphic shows how the COGM and COGS are calculated using Product Cost Planning:
To calculate the COGM and COGS for materials, you can execute a material cost estimate (with or
without quantity structure). For further information, see the following:
WIP
I gonna try to explain it from bookkeeping point of view (simplified version).
Basically you have 2 environments in the books: P&L and Balance Sheet.
You start doing something during the month so you consume costs (materials, activity, OVH, etc.).
If you finish and sale it till the end of the period the whole thing will go to your P&L.
If not, all costs you consumed have to go to the stock (Balance Sheet).
So, you have to credit a P&L account and debit a BS account. Normally you might want to credit the whole
production order since virtually the whole thing went to the stock and nothing left on the shopfloor. And when you
decide to continue your work, you take out the stuff from stock and do your work.
Now, the problem with SAP that there is no standard mechanism which will reverse this WIP posting with the
production order assigned. That is why the WIP posting happens beyond production order and that's why you
can't create cost element.
I fyou want to check what is in your WIP you can go to FBL3N and run a report for the P&L/WIP account which
you will find in OKG8, where you configure these postings.
The accounts for WIP should not be defined as cost element in CO to avoid that WIP is posted
incorrectly into CO.
A cost element requires account assignment to a cost object. So if you define the WIP account as a cost element
you need to assign a cost object for this which will result in duplicate costs in CO
Example: settlement of order 'XYZ': WIP was posted on account '1111' (Stock change -WIP). Since '1111' is also
a cost element and the CO account assignment is order 'XYZ' again, we have an inconsistent scenario: cost
which are already posted on the order now come in 'through the backdoor' again as additional cost.
I believe SAP issues error message KQ119 (G/L account cannot be created as a cost element) in such cases.
Dear Andy
In product cost by order scenario the WIP or Variance calculation is dependent on order status. If the Order has a
status of REL or PDLV, the system will calculate WIP and if the order status is DLV or TECO the system will
calculate variance on this order. At the time of calculation of WIP or Variance no accounting entry i generated but
when you settle the order at that time FI documents are passed in the books.
Ans1- In product cost by order WIP or variance is calculated based on the actual cost debited to the order and
value of GR made to the order. System does calculation by the formula GR value-(GI value+Activity value+
Overheads)
Ans2- As I said at the time of calculation no FI entries are passed but at the time of settlement FI entries are
generated. The method of calculation is the same as described in Ans1.
Ans3- Entry at WIP settlement WIP (P&L) a/c Dr and WIP Offsetting(B/S a/c) Cr.
Entry at variance settlement : Variance a/c dr/cr and COGM cr/dr.
and if there is already a WIP posted for this order then at settlement WIP entry is reversed provided we have
calculated WIP again the the month of settlement of variance
Note for Anand: Dear Anand we need to calculate WIP again in the period when the order status is changed to
DLV or TECO otherwise system will not pass reversal entry of WIP. Kindly test it in your IDES and let me know if
you find something on the contrary