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Abstract

The observation of the aldehydes and ketones were determined as an exercise in


carbonyl compounds. The solubility and reaction profile of these samples
(acetone,acetaldehyde,benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone) may provide a general
idea of the functional group tests are usually done. Proper procedures on solubility
and reaction profile of carbonyl compounds were observed in order. Reagents that
were used such as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, 95%ethanol, Tollens Reagent, Jones
Reagent, Methanol, 10%NaOH, KI/I2 solution, benzaldehyde, acetone, acetaldehyde,
cyclohexanone were used in this experiment. The results are: *insert results. And
the unknown samples are : unknown sample1 is ketone w/ and the unknown
samples 2 is aldehyde w/out. The ocer-all successs of this experiment was hinged
on the accuracy of measuring the needed quantities and the mentioned results
attested that such success was achieved.
Introduction
The objective of this experiment is to investigate the carbonyl compounds such as
aldehydes and ketones containing the carbonyl croup, -C=0 Aldehydes and ketones are
organic compounds which. the carbon atom of this group has two remaining bonds that may be
occupied by hydrogen or alkyl or aryl substituents. If at least one of these substituents is
hydrogen, the compound is an aldehyde. If neither is hydrogen, the compound is a ketone. The
objectives of this experiment is to determine the solubility and reaction profile of
the following samples: acetone, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone using
the experiment solubility in H20, Solubility in NaOH, 2-4-DNP test, Tollens Test,
Iodoform test and Jones test. Another objective of this experiment is to identify the
unknown samples based on the data above and to know its pertinent general
reactions.
Methodology
For the experiment in Carbonyl compound: Aldehydes and Ketones. Compounds
acetone, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone were used. Each of these
will undergo solubility test in H2O, NaOH and reaction profile test in 2,4-DNP test,
Tollens test, Iodoform test and Jones test. For H20 test, 5 drops of distilled water
were added to each sample then it is shaked and its solubility was observed. For
the solubility in NaOH, 5 drops of NaOH were added to each sample then it is
shaked and its solubility was observed. For the 2, 4-DNP test, 1ml of 95% ethanol
and 1ml 2,4-DNP reagent were added, then it is shaked and the reaction was
observed. If no immediate reaction is observed, the solution is warmed in a water
bath. For the Tollens test, 2mL of Tollens reagent were added in 5 clean test tubes.
5 drops of each sample were added and let it stand undisturbed for 10 minutes.
Then the reaction was observed. For the Iodoform test, 2mL of distilled water were
added to the sample. The test tube was placed in a water bath for 3-4 minutes
maintaining the temperature of the water bath at 60C. The iodoform reagent was

added dropwise with agitation until a brown color of the solution persist for 2
minutes. Then the test tube was placed in a water bath for another 5 minutes and
then the reaction was observed. For the Jones test, 4 drops of chromic acid solution
were added wit agitation after each drop. Then it is allowed to stand for 10 minutes
and the reaction was observed. Lastly the unknown samples were identified by
comparing their solubility and reaction profile against that of the known compounds.
Results and Discussion
Table 1.1 Solubility and Reaction Profile
http://www.chemhaven.org/che102/lab/CHE102_E23_S12.pdf

Summary & Conclusion

An aldehyde differs from a ketone by having a hydrogen atom attached to the


carbonyl group. This makes the aldehydes very easy to oxidise.
For example, ethanal, CH3CHO, is very easily oxidised to either ethanoic acid,
CH3COOH, or ethanoate ions, CH3COO-.
Ketones don't have that hydrogen atom and are resistant to oxidation. They
are only oxidised by powerful oxidising agents which have the ability to break
carbon-carbon bonds
For their Solubility and Reaction Profile, Acetone gives a positive result on solubility
in H20, Solubility in NaOH, 2,4-DNP test and Iodoform test while it gives a negative
result in Tollens test and Jones test. For acetaldehyde it gives a positive result on
Solubility in H2O, Solubility in NaOH, 24-DNP test, Tollens test, Iodoform test and
Jones test. For benzaldehyde, it gives a positive result on 2,4-DNP test, Tollens Test

and Jones Test while it gives a negative result on Solubility in H 2O, Solubility in
NaOH and Iodoform Test. Lastly, for the cyclohexanone it gives a positive result on
2,4-DNP test while it gives a negative result on Solubility in H2O, Solubility in NaOH,
Tollens test, Iodoform test and Jones test.

ReferencesT

he Frostburg State University Chemistry Department. Organic Chemistry Help (2000).

Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc. IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (1997).

William Reusch. tara VirtualText of Organic Chemistry (2004).

Purdue Chemistry Department [1] (retrieved Sep 2006). Includes water solubility data.

William Reusch. (2004) Aldehydes and Ketones Retrieved 23 May 2005.

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