ENGLISH GROUP PRESENTATION

E
Kelompok 12 :
Togana Junisar ( Leader )

102011184

Monica Sandra

102011329

Olivia

102011232

Catherina

102011361

Prisilia

102011093

MEDICINE FACULTY
KRIDA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
JAKARTA
NOVEMBER 2011

Report
Article 1 :
5 Way For a Healthy Heart
Heart disease has been the leading cause of death in the United States. And as clich
goes, prevention is more effective than treatment. Your heart will surely thank you for paying
attention to its needs and doing everything to keep it functioning at its best. A neglected heart
could take a serious toll on your health. So, if youre serious at living life to the fullest, its
about time to get serious in taking care of your heart.
1. Keep moving.
Whatever your age, exercise can do you a lot of good. Individuals with heart disease,
high blood pressure and chronic illnesses could gradually improve their condition if they do so.
The heart also needs exercise to keep it healthy and efficiently pump blood to the major organs
of the body. If you have been long inactive, it is best to begin slowlybegin with simple
routines first to avoid muscle strain and gradually increase in intensity. Start off your healthy
heart regimen with these helpful tips:
2. Eat healthy.
If only every nutritious fare is as appetizing and as mouthwatering as the snack from a
fast food chain, chances are, we would be eating them with gusto. But try to have a balanced
diet. Eating healthy need not be disagreeable at all. All it takes is to make intelligent choices.
Keep off the junk high in saturated fats and sugar. If you cannot just forego frying, use
healthier alternatives such as corn or olive oil.
3. Quit smoking.
Chemicals found in tobacco would cause coronary heart disease. A smoker is twice
likely to have a heart attack than non-smoker.
4. Manage Stress.
Get to the root of your anxiety and look for ways to manage everyday stress. Look for
help from family and peers. And try to vent out anxiety through effective and acceptable ways.
An effective time management plan could also help a lot especially if you have a calendar full
of deadlines.
5. Recognize signs of early stress.
Angina or the inadequate perfusion to the coronary arteries could be accompanied by
chest tightness and chest pain. If left untreated, this could lead to further irreversible injury to
the heart muscles which is called myocardial infarction or heart attack. Signs of heart attack
can be summarized as DANCE PAD. Dyspnea (difficulty of breathing), Anxiety, Nausea and

vomiting, Crushing substernal chest pain, Elevated temperature, Pallor (paleness), Arrhythmias
(irregularities in heart beats) and Diaphoresis (profuse sweating).
Lastly, keep a timetable of your periodic consultations to keep your heart in check. The right
mix of healthy diet, exercise and lifestyle changes contributes to a healthy heart and overall
well being

Main Idea
So, if you are serious at living life to the follest, its about time to get serious in taking
care of your heart.

Support Details
1. Keep moving with do exercise
2. Eat healthy food and use healthier alternative food
3. Quit smoking because a smoker is twice a likely to have a heart attack than nonsmoker
4. Manage stress with manage your schedules
5. Recognite sign of early stress

Keywords
Healthy heart

Vocabulary
1. Neglected
2. Strain
3. Appetizing
4. Mouthwatering
5. Anxienty

= Fail to care for or do

= Slight or inherited tendency
= Stimulating the appetite
= Dessert
= Concern and fear , strong desire

Sentences from the list or vocabularies

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

If you smoker, its mean you neglected your health

This strain make us affraid
My mother is cooking appertizing for clinner
I love to eat ice cream for mouthwatering
She is anxienty to singing jazz at java jazz

Article 2 :
In Diabetes, a Complex of Causes

An explosion of new research is vastly changing scientists understanding of diabetes

and giving new clues about how to attack it.
Causes
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar. Diabetes can be caused
by too little insulin, resistance to insulin, or both.
To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process by which food is
broken down and used by the body for energy. Several things happen when food is digested:

A sugar called glucose enters the bloodstream. Glucose is a source of fuel for the body.

An organ called the pancreas makes insulin. The role of insulin is to move glucose from
the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel.

People with diabetes have high blood sugar because their body cannot move sugar into fat,
liver, and muscle cells to be stored for energy. This is because either:

Their pancreas does not make enough insulin

Their cells do not respond to insulin normally

Both of the above

There are three major types of diabetes. The causes and risk factors are different for each type:

Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in children, teens,
or young adults. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of
insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown.

Type 2 diabetes makes up most of diabetes cases. It most often occurs in adulthood, but
teens and young adults are now being diagnosed with it because of high obesity rates.
Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it.

Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar that develops at any time during pregnancy in a
woman who does not have diabetes.

Diabetes affects more than 20 million Americans. Over 40 million Americans have pre-diabetes
(early type 2 diabetes).
Exams and Tests
A urine analysis may be used to look for high blood sugar. However, a urine test alone does not
diagnose diabetes.

Your health care provider may suspect that you have diabetes if your blood sugar level is
higher than 200 mg/dL. To confirm the diagnosis, one or more of the following tests must be
done.

Blood tests:

Fasting blood glucose level -- diabetes is diagnosed if it is higher than 126 mg/dL twice.
Levels between 100 and 126 mg/dL are called impaired fasting glucose or pre-diabetes.
These levels are risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

Hemoglobin A1c test -o Normal: Less than 5.7%

o Pre-diabetes: 5.7% - 6.4%
o Diabetes: 6.5% or higher

Oral glucose tolerance test -- diabetes is diagnosed if glucose level is higher than 200
mg/dL after 2 hours. (This test is used more often for type 2 diabetes.)

Screening for type 2 diabetes in people who have no symptoms is recommended for:

Overweight children who have other risk factors for diabetes, starting at age 10 and
repeated every 2 years

Overweight adults (BMI greater than 25) who have other risk factors

Adults over age 45, repeated every 3 years

Treatment

There is no cure for diabetes. Treatment involves medicines, diet, and exercise to control blood
sugar and prevent symptoms and problems.
Outlook (Prognosis)
Studies have shown that better control of blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure levels in
persons with diabetes helps reduce the risk of kidney disease, eye disease, nervous system
disease, heart attack, and stroke.
Possible Complications
After many years, diabetes can lead to other serious problems:

You could have eye problems, including trouble seeing (especially at night) and light
sensitivity. You could become blind.

Your feet and skin can develop sores and infections. After a long time, your foot or leg
may need to be removed. Infection can also cause pain and itching in other parts of the
body.

Diabetes may make it harder to control your blood pressure and cholesterol. This can
lead to a heart attack, stroke, or other problems. It can become harder for blood to flow
to your legs and feet.

Nerves in the body can become damaged, causing pain, tingling, and a loss of feeling.

Because of nerve damage, you could have problems digesting the food you eat. You
could feel weakness or have trouble going to the bathroom. Nerve damage can also
make it harder for men to have an erection.

High blood sugar and other problems can lead to kidney damage. The kidneys might
not work as well, and they may even stop working.

Main Idea
The new research is wastly changing scientist understanding of diabetes and giving
new clues about how to attack it.

Support Idea
1. CAUSED. Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin or both
2. EXAM and TEST. A urine analysis may be used to detect high high blood sugar. The high
blood sugar is a sign that show the person have diabetes.
3. TREATMENT. Theres no cure for diabetes because the diabetes is a genetic disease!
4. Prognosis (outlook) of diabetes.
5. Possible complication which can caused by diabetes symptoms.

Keywords
Diabetes , High Blood Sugar, Complication

Vocabulary
1. Impaired = Damage , weaken
2. Kidney
= Part of organs that remove waste products from the blood and secrete
urine
3. Sores
= Many causing or suffering pain from injury or disease
Sentences from the list of vocabularies
1. Smoking can impaired your lung health
2. The father gives his kidney to his child who has suffered the kidney failed disease for 2
years
3. Doctor is healing the patient sores which caused by motorcycle accident