Jay Jang

Chapter 34 Quiz Makeup

1. Approximately how many combatants died in World War I?
a. one million
b. three million
c. four million
d. nine million
e. fifteen million
I believed that the answer was C (four million), but the correct answer was E (fifteen
million).The reason why I chose C was because even though I knew that WWI was deadly,
I did not expect so much casualties. However, further research showed that due to trench
warfare tactics, the duration of the war itself, and the use of new technology like machine
guns and poison gas created unbelievable number of casualties never heard of before. I
realized that World War I was called the Great War for a reason, because it was unlike any
other wars of the past.
4. The soldiers who marched off in 1914 to fight in World War I were mostly
a. depressed because they remembered the incredible slaughter of the Franco-Prussian
War.
b. mercenary troops.
c. draftees.
d. depressed because of their religious opposition to the war.
e. wildly enthusiastic.
I believed that the answer was C (draftees), but the correct answer was E (wildly
enthusiastic). Soldiers were enthusiastic because they did not know their misfortunes
ahead. They believed that the war would be brief, and that they would come home soon.
They also looked forward to promotions and wanted to become war heroes. Patriotism
and courage drove the young soldiers. Lastly, they were influenced by nationalist ideas,
and believed that their side was religiously and/or politically justified.
5. The World War I poet who considered Horaces line that, It is sweet and proper
to die for ones country, to be an old Lie was
a. Robert Graves.
b. Siegfried Sassoon.
c. Wilfred Owen.
d. Cecil Rhodes.
e. Joseph Caillaux.
I believed that the answer was A (Robert Graves), but the correct answer was C (Wilfred
Owen). Even though Robert Graves lived through WWI and wrote memoirs of the war, he
did not call Horaces line an old lie. He refrained from directly stating his anti-war ideas.
However, Wilfred Owen was different, and wrote realistic war poetry of the horrors of gas
attacks and trench warfare to criticize the war. In his poem Dulce et Decorum est, he

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calls the quote above, It is sweet and proper to die for ones country, an old lie. Wilfred
Owen later dies in service during the war.
9. Which of the following was not a feature on the home front between 1914 and
1919?
a. Governments organized major sectors of the economy to ration resources and
production.
b. Executive branches of government increasingly took over parliaments.
c. Governments controlled public opinion through manipulation of mass media such as
newspapers.
d. Strict government regulation prevented material shortages and famine.
e. The civilian populations were, in many cases, directly affected by the war.
I believed that the answer was D (strict government regulation prevented material
shortages and famine), but the correct answer was B (executive branches of government
increasingly took over parliaments). I believed D was the answer because I thought that
nations in total war for years did not have the capability to prevent shortages and famine.
My logic was that for nations like England, unrestricted submarine warfare would have
blockaded imports from entering England, and would have led to shortages and famine
even with government regulation. However, B was the correct answer because
dictatorship dominated by executive branches came after the war. For example, Hitler
and Mussolini rose to power after the war, during the 1920s-1930s.
10. What was Lenins solution to Russian participation in World War I?
a. He launched a massive offensive campaign that carried Russian forces deep within
Germany.
b. He immediately demanded his British and French allies send humanitarian, economic,
& military aid to the eastern front.
c. He negotiated a peace treaty with the Germans and surrendered huge amounts of
land on Russias western border.
d. He successfully achieved a significant role at the Versailles peace negotiations.
e. He applied to the United States for military aid.
I believed that the answer was B (he immediately demanded his British and French allies
send humanitarian, economic, & military aid to the eastern front), but the correct answer
was C (he negotiated a peace treaty with the Germans and surrendered huge amounts of
land on Russias western border). In 1917, the Russian population was tired with the war,
due to material shortages. The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, gained popularity by promising
an immediate end to the war. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed by Bolshevik rulers, led
by Lenin, was a peace treaty where Russia pulled out of the war, by giving the Baltic
States, the Caucasus, Finland, Poland, and Ukraine to Germany.
11. The German offensive of 1914 was halted at
a. Gallipoli.
b. the Marne River.

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c. Verdun.
d. the Somme.
e. Prussia.
I believed that the answer was C (Verdun), but the correct answer was B (the Marne River).
The battle of Verdun occurred in 1916, but this question is pertaining to the year of 1914.
The Germans were quickly advancing to Paris by following the Schlieffen Plan, which
called for an swift attack via Belgium to end the war in a matter of weeks. However, the
defensive front at the river Marne successfully stopped the Germans from continuing to
advance, and led to the race to the sea. Trenches and immobile war followed.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the German offensive of 1914, or the Schlieffen Plan,
was effectively halted at the Marne River.
15. In World War I, the eastern front was
a. ultimately a spectacular German success.
b. a bloody stalemate.
c. an Austrian victory in which they displaced Germany as the leading Central power.
d. a hard-fought, albeit slow, English and French victory.
e. dominated by the Ottoman Turks.
I believed that the answer was B (a bloody stalemate), but the correct answer was A
(ultimately a spectacular German success). Not only did the German-Austrian forces push
back the Russian troops from East Prussia and Poland, they overran Serbia, Albania, and
Romania. Russian counterattacks of 1916 and 1917 were overall unsuccessful. Later
onwards, Germanys tactical move of sending Lenin in exile in Switzerland to Russia was a
complete success. Lenin established his own socialist government and then gave way to
a peace treaty that resulted in the withdrawal of Russian troops in the eastern front and
the incorporation of Baltic States, the Caucasus, Finland, Poland, and Ukraine to German
territory.