THE PROSPECTOR’S

QUILL
February 2010 Vol. 37 No. 2 GOLD PROSPECTORS OF COLORADO www.gpoc.com

February 2010 Calendar INSIDE

Letter from Your President
4th Board Meeting Jan. Meeting Minutes
10th General Meeting Stephanie Carter BLM
13th Denver Museum of Nature & Science Article: “HOW SWEET It IS!!”
20th Deadline submission for Prospector’s Quill Word Search
Field Trip to the Denver Museum

Buckskin Gulch

Alma King
SWEET HOME MINE
2010 Board of Directors
President: Ben Higley
president@gpoc.com

Vice President: Wayne Wittkopp

vicepresident@gpoc.com

Secretary: Elise Pearce

secretary@gpoc.com

Treasurer: Helen Bennett

treasurer@gpoc.com

Webmaster; Stacey Smith

webmaster@gpoc.com

Trustees
1-year Patrick Hill
2-year Gary Beaderstadt
3-year Bob Bennett

For more pictures of rhodochrosite access

www.gpoc.com

The Prospector’s Quill Gold Prospectors of Colorado PO Box 1593 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80901
PRESIDENT’S LETTER
LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT ! PAGE 2
PAGE 2

    Fellow Prospectors GENERAL MEMBERSHIP MEETING MINUTES

13 JAN 10
Our mountain streams are frozen over and
the rivers are low, the mountains have their snow
pack, the temperatures throughout our great nation 7:02 PM Meeting called to order by President Ben
Higley with the Pledge of Allegiance
have been frigid. Weʼve all been hunkered down for
7:05 PM Newly elected board sworn in with “Oath of
the winter in front of our fireplaces and indoor Office” by Gary Beaderstadt
activities. 7:07 PM Gold price today is $1,038.00
        CABIN FEVER! Education time. Read a book? 7:08 PM Big Ben asked membership if anyone had
Better yet, Museums, a picture is worth a thousand gone prospecting the past month, one
words! On January 16th we had a club outing at the member went to “Point Bar” and found a
Western Museum of Mining and Industry in which we little bit of small gold.
had a good showing of our new members in learning 7:11 PM New members stood and introduced
how mining has been in the past in Colorado with a themselves to the club, all were given an
film shown in the theater. It included a tour up to the extra ticket to “Gold Draw”, and welcomed
old mill house out back on the hill where our tour to the club by other members.
7:15 PM Big Ben listed upcoming events: Western
commenced in firing up the mill and seeing the big
Mining Museum 16 Jan, Golden, CO Gem &
cams and all the belts in motion. They are the only Mineral show 26-28 Feb, Tucson Gem &
working set left in Colorado from the Yellow Jacket Mineral Show 30 Jan-14 Feb
Mine and two of the biggest shaker tables I've ever 7:17 PM Title for green trailer sold at Nov. meeting
seen. The tour was fantastic and the staff really made given to new owner, James Harden.
our day memorable to the point where the event in 7:18 PM Treasurer’s report given by Helen Bennett.
June when they run the stamp mill and crush some 7:22 PM Big Ben notified general membership of
gold ore should be seen by one and all. board’s decision to add Past President Eric
        In February we have a fantastic outing set up at Vesterby and Dr. Steven Veatch to “Lifetime”
the Denver Museum of Nature and Science on membership for outstanding
Saturday the 13th. Further  details will be announced contributions given to G.P.O.C. and the
addition of Colorado Springs Mineralogical
at the General Meeting, or you can contact Bob Hale
Society to “Honorary” membership.
at 719-213-3383. 7:23 PM Big Ben spoke of open positions in various
        Our outing this month was on our very own committee’s, if any member wishes to
Fountain Creek  that runs through Colorado Springs volunteer please speak to Wayne Wittkopp.
where Yam, the President of the Colorado Springs 7:24 PM 15-minute break
Gem and Mineralogical Society, who is also a 7:48 PM Gold drawings:
member of GPOC, was our tour guide. There we *Volunteer Gold for demo at Phil Long Expo
walked the sand bars collecting specimens of agates Center: Meg Vigil & Danny Jernigan
and petrified wood while the kids panned for gold and *”Parrot Nugget”: Terry Marshall
actually found some very small traces of yellow color *Australian Gold:
in their pans. Harry Dove 10.4 grains
Donovan Greene 8.9 grains
        In Colorado today there are 24,520 active gold
Bob Owens 8.8 grains
mining claims of which 23,357 of them are lode Richard Stockton 7.6 grains
claims, that means there are 1,163 active placer Julie Lonorie 7.1 grains
claims. Also in our State there are 15,231 abandoned Don Bray 7.1 grains
gold mining claims of which 11,870 were lode Phyllis Bray 6.3 grains
claims,meaning there are a total of 3,361 abandoned Linda Smith 6.3 grains
placer claims out there.  Andrew Sandberg 6.0 grains
        Fellow prospectors, the gold is accessible to us, 8:04 PM Big Ben introduced guest speak for meeting:
the gold belt is within our reach all we need to do is John Ames with the U.S. Forest Service
go out there and uncover it and discover the hidden 8:53 PM Big Ben presented John Ames with “Nugget”
secrets Mother Nature has left for us to find. Good for club’s appreciation of him coming to
speak to the membership.
luck and we will see you out there after the thaw.
8:57 PM Motion to Adjourn, Gary & Phil 2nd, meeting
closed
  Big Ben

The Prospector’s Quill Gold Prospectors of Colorado PO Box 1593 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80901
“HOW SWEET
FOOL’S ITBY
GOLD IS!” by lin smith
LIN SMITH 3
PAGE PAGE 3

The Sweet Home Mine fascinated me when I ran across an article about “The Alma King”. Mr. and Mrs. Rice,
friends of my folks, had originally purchased the “Alma King.” Their mineral collection has been turned into the Rice
Northwest Museum of Rocks and Minerals in Oregon. You will frequently see display cases of some of their
specimens at the Denver Gem and Mineral Show. When the Sweet Home Mine reopened, Mineral’s Edge developed
new techniques for extracting the valuable rhodochrosite specimens. They were innovative in the mineral world in
new specialized mining techniques and restoration of specimens. As a result of their efforts, the Sweet Home Mine in
Colorado is recognized as having some of the highest quality rhodochrosite known. Individual Sweet Home
rhodochrosite specimens have been sold for more than $1 million.
Rhodochrosite from the Sweet Home Mine are gem-quality crystals because of their translucent cherry-red
color, which is due to the relatively low amount of iron, magnesium and calcium impurities. When calcium,
magnesium, and especially iron ions substitute for manganese, a pink color will result. The spectacular red crystal of
rhodochrosite (MnCO3), known as the “Alma King” measures 5½“ X 6½“. The perfect rhombohedron was discovered
in a vug named the “Rainbow Pocket”, on a matrix of white, needle clear Quartz, blue Fluorite, black Sphalerite and
Tetrahedrite, brassy Chalcopyrite and pale yellow Calcite, with an additional 1½” rhombohedron. Sweet Home Mine
was originally opened as a silver mine in the 1870s and was mined intermittently until the 1960s. Throughout the
mine’s lifetime, rhodochrosite specimens were found along with the silver ore, but they had not been mined solely for
their commercial value until 1991. The “Alma King” can be seen in the permanent display in the Coors Mineral Hall at
the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, Colorado. Rhodochrosite became the Colorado State Mineral in
2002.
The Sweet Home Mine is located in the Colorado Mineral Belt in the Alma mining district on the Eastern slope
of the Mosquito Range in Park County. It is not the only recognized location in the Mosquito Range where
rhodochrosite has been found. Rhodochrosite is found in eighteen of Colorado’s counties associated with gold, silver,
lead, zinc, and molybdenum ores. The Russia, Tanner Boy, and Moose also contained rhodochrosite crystals. The
old Climax Molybdenum Mine near Leadville and the Mary Murphy Mine near Saint Elmo have all produced
rhodochrosite, however the Sweet Home Mine has been the only known producer of museum quality specimens of
cherry-red, transparent, rhombohedral rhodochrosite. While rhodochrosite may be the most valuable mineral that has
been mined at the Sweet Home Mine there have been more than thirty other minerals identified at the Sweet Home
Mine.
Glacial action in the Mosquito Range cut through its Cambrian and Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks, which
are overlaid over Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks forming part of the Mineral Belt of Colorado. The
faulting that occurred in this area shifted many of the veins. Geological studies place the formation of the crystals in
the Sweet Home Mine from 25 to 30 million years ago.
The Colorado Mineral Belt (CMB) is an extensive area stretching northeast from the San Juan Mountains in
Southwestern Colorado to the Colorado Front Range near Boulder, Colorado. It is an area where most of the historic
mining areas of Colorado are located and it is famous for its gold. The gold deposits were first discovered in 1858,
and over 1.25 million ounces of gold were produced in eight years. By 1874, most of the significant deposits in the
CMB had been found.
Rhodochrosite formed at the Sweet Home Mine when hydrothermal fluids filled fractures in the granite rock
and in the narrow cracks solid veins of quartz, sulfides and silver ore formed. In phase one there were very hot fluids
at the temperature of 662ºF where quartz, huebnerite, and pyrite were deposited. In the second phase fluids cooled
to 482º-572ºF. Sulfides like sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and silver-bearing tetrahedrite were deposited, closely
followed by fluorite and rhodochrosite.
The name rhodochrosite comes from the Greek word “rose colored.” The Incas believed rhodochrosite was
the blood of their former rulers, turned to stone; therefore it is sometimes called “Rosa del Inca” of “Inca Rose.” The
first known description of rhodochrosite was in 1813 in reference to a sample from Maramures, present day Romania.
It is used in jewelry, for carving, as quality mineral specimens and for spiritual healing.
Rhodochrosite is a manganese carbonate, MnCO3. It is not considered a gemstone, even though fine
examples of the large, red, rhombic crystals have a value of several thousand dollars. Gems are valued for their use
in jewelry; because rhodochrosite has a hardness between 3.5 and 4.0 its use in jewelry is limited. Although it is most
commonly pink and opaque, Colorado’s translucent red variety is prized the world over, bringing prices in the
thousands of dollars because the Sweet Home rhodochrosite is relatively free of impurities. If it had been combined
with calcium, magnesium and iron it would have been pinker.
Some of the earliest operations in the district took place around Alma. They consisted of panning, cradling
and sluicing in the alluvial soil along the Platte River. In 1861 gold-bearing quartz veins were located in the bedrock of
Buckskin Gulch and the town of Buckskin was laid out west of Alma. “Gulch mining” in this area was responsible for
the very first load mining discoveries of rich gold deposits creating a gold rush in the area. The Phillips was the first
lode claim and produced approximately $300,000 in the first two years of operation.

The Prospector’s Quill Gold Prospectors of Colorado P. O. Box 1593 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80901
“HOW
FOOL’S
SWEET
GOLD
IT IS!” continued
CONTINUED PAGE 4PAGE 4

Buckskin grew to over 1,000 residents. The rich veins were quickly exhausted and by 1864 few miners
remained. The census of 1870 showed fewer than 500 residents in Park County. Interest was renewed again in
1871 when silver was discovered on Mount Bross and the Moose Mine was established. Government records in
1878 reflected over $3,000,000 in the production of silver. Outcrops of silver mineralization were discovered
during this same period, which later became the patented Sweet Home Mine.
The first gold was easy to recover with simple tools, but it was soon exhausted. Miners searched for the
origins of the gold but their experience and knowledge in hard rock mining was limited. Early mining methods
were primitive. The introduction of arastras to process the ore was inefficient and it is surmised that there was a
large loss in ores up to 70%. Rhodochrosite was considered a gangue mineral. Manganese carbonate
(rhodochrosite) was destructive in the amalgamation process used in silver ore mining. The miners were
encouraged to throw out the rhodochrosite on the mine dumps in order to avoid penalties at the mill. Ironically,
miners working in the Sweet Home Mine recalled the ore carts glowing red! If only they had been aware of the
scarcity of the gemlike, red, rhodochrosite they were paid to throw away things might have been different for
them. Some miners traded the rhodochrosite in local bars in Alma for drinks so some specimens made it into
museums. The specimens are usually labeled Alma or Colorado, but their chemical make-up is the same as
those from the Sweet Home Mine. In an N.Y. State Museum report in 1901 by Frederick Merrill and Eprain Porter
Felt, it was stated that: “rhodochrosite is often found associated with gold and silver ores. As yet it has no
commercial value.”
As investors in the mines increased their demand for higher returns on their investments it required more
proficient methods of recovering the minerals. There were high costs involved in trying to discover more efficient
refining. By 1873, at about the same time the Sweet Home Mine was being developed, a Panic occurred.
Investors had borrowed heavily to buy stocks in the Colorado mines and banks called in the loans. The resulting
panic caused investors to sell their stocks for whatever they could obtain. The U.S. entered a period of severe
economic depression and the market crashed. The Coinage Act of 1873 changed the United States policies on
silver. Before the Act, the United States had backed its currency with both gold and silver, and it minted both types
of coins. The Act moved the United States to a 'de facto' gold standard, which meant it would no longer buy silver
at a statutory price or convert silver from the public into silver coins (though it would still mint silver dollars in the
form of Trade Dollars). Lack of knowledge, poor recovery and refining methods, lack of record keeping and over
investment eventually created a decline in mining and investment in the mines of Buckskin Gulch.
In the Federal Mineralogical Report of 1876, Endlich states: “rhodochrosite, Sweet Home Mine, Park
County, very beautiful specimens.” In 1878 a Federal Mineralogical Report
noted there were “very beautiful” rhodochrosite specimens. An 1880
Rocky Mountain News article states: Colonel Finley Anderson of New
York is the owner of a famous group of mines. It further states: “this is
regarded as a very valuable property…There is a very well defined source
vein on the Sweet Home Mine.” The Statistics and Technology of The
Precious Metals, S. F. Emmons and G.F. Becker note rhodochrosite in the
Sweet Home Mine and the Tanner Boy Mine in beautiful specimens. In
the American Journal of Science July-December of 1887, George F. Kunz,
a noted gemologist, describes rhodochrosite in the same area of the
Sweet Home Mine. George Kuntz was a gem expert for Tiffany’s and was
a leading advocate in the establishment of the international carat as a unit
of measure for precious gems. He stated that: “rhodochrosite in rich, red,
transparent crystals has been found in the John Reed Mine. This is the
first locality that has yielded crystals of such magnitude and
transparency.” Sweet Home Mine
Though the Sweet Home Mine had rich silver veins they proved to
be sporadic and by all accounts they were marginal. Records are minimal and at times nonexistent, they were
not considered nor preserved by early operators. Mining was ongoing but expensive and with little profit.
With the formation of the Territory of Colorado each county formulated its own laws pertaining to mining
claims and rights. In the Alma District claims were 300 feet wide. With a recorded patent #106, the Sweet Home
Mine was an early patent claim. Land patent details on the Sweet Home Mine are:

Patentee Frederick E. Graham issued date 3/20/1874, BLM serial number COCOAA 058775
Patentee Benjamin Spiney, title transfer 6/30/1886 BLM serial number COCOAA 18529.
Further information on land patents are available at the Bureau of Land Management website

The Prospector’s Quill Gold Prospectors of Colorado PO Box 1593 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80901
 FOOL’S
“HOW SWEETGOLD
IT IS!” continued
CONTINUED ! PAGE PAGE
5 5

Boundary disputes were prolific where mining laws failed to address horizontal veins. The Mining Laws
of 1866 & 1872 were a combination of the Chaffee law of 1866 and the placer law of 1870. The laws were
created to protect the miners, to help with the development of public lands and they allowed horizontal mining.
Numerous disputes arose and Park County developed a reputation for being unruly. Disputes were settled by
official surveys, which were conducted by the U.S. Deputy surveyors, and U.S. Deputy mineral surveyors. Deputy
U.S. Surveyor Benjamin M. Whittemore in 1873 surveyed the Sweet Home area. This work became part of the
Public Land Survey System. These old monuments were important in brining civility to an otherwise ineffective
system of identifying claims. Edwin Spary the owner of the Sweet Home Mine by 1929 purchased additional
claims totaling 19 claims and 195 acres. Gene Kooper, a geologist and land surveyor, in 2001, needed to retrace
Whittemoor's steps by retracing 19 claims above the old town site of Buckskin. Kooper was able to relocate the
old surveyor monuments.
The Sherman Silver Purchase Act created a collapse in the silver market and many mines in the Alma
district were closed. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was passed by the U.S. Congress requiring the U.S.
government to purchase nearly twice as much silver and threatened to undermine the U.S. treasury’s gold
reserves. It was enacted on July 14, 1890, and increased the amount of silver
the government was required to purchase. The mines hoped that by
artificially increasing the demand for silver the price for silver would increase.
Because of an oversupply in silver, the mines found it was not profitable to
produce silver. As a result of these actions the price of silver declined and
notes were traded for gold rather than silver thus leading to a depletion of
the U.S. gold reserves. Because Colorado was producing 60% of the
nations silver when the Sherman Act was repealed it caused a drop in the
value of silver, mines were closed and thousands of miners were
unemployed. Silver further dropped in value with the Gold Standard Act of
1900 causing an end to an era of silver mining in Colorado. It wasn’t until
the Pittman Act that the price of silver was restored.
Mining activities were renewed in the Sweet Home Mine in the
1990’s, not for silver, but for rhodochrosite. Due to the lack of hardness and
tendency to cleave, explosives were used to extract rhodochrosite and,
progress was only a few feet at a time. In order to remove the rhodochrosite
crystals from the Sweet Home Mine, miners used tools such as spreaders,
and hydraulically cooled diamond chainsaws. In 1966, the specimen dubbed
the “Alma Queen” rhodochrosite was found at the Sweet Home Mine, and it
now resides in a museum in Houston, Texas. In 2002 the “Alma King” was
discovered, and is on permanent display at the Denver Museum of Natural
History, along with a recreated pocket from the Sweet Home Mine, which
contains over 3000 crystals of rhodochrosite! The GPOC will be taking a tour Rhodochrosite crystal cave at Denver Museum of
on February 13th at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science to view the
Sweet Home Mine rhodochrosite. Nature & Science
The mines in the Buckskin Gulch area went through numerous transitions; from placer mining to hard rock
mining, geological formations that left fractured veins which were difficult to follow, the numerous laws enacted
affecting the market, stock declines, etc. Through all of this there have still been revived successes 130+ years
later. The Sweet Home Mine is now closed but there are rumors about reopening it and discovering additional
locations for the gem quality rhodochrosite.
There are always a few basic tools you need to gold prospect. Included in this list should always be
research. When researching mining history one needs to be aware of alternate spellings. As we saw in Cache
Creek it was at times spelled Cash Creek. With the Sweet Home Mine you will run across the Home Sweet Home
mine, Sweethome Mine, and other localities such as the Sweet Home Lode in Gilpin County, the Sweet Home
Gulch and another Sweet Home Mine in Montana. A Colorado State Geological Bulletin in 1912 referred to the
Home Sweet Home Mine and the Sweet Home Mine. Researching old mines will give you a wealth of information
on geology, methods of mining used, methods and amount recovered and locations. As with the Sweet Home
Mine a mineral considered worthless was tossed into tailings and dumps only to be more valuable than the
original minerals that were mined. Armed with information you can begin your own prospecting. Gold and other
minerals are still being found today in the Colorado Mineral Belt and can be collected by panning many of
Colorado's streams and rivers.

The Prospector’s Quill Gold Prospectors of Colorado PO Box 1593 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80901
itemsFOOL’S
of interest
GOLD CONTINUED page 6PAGE 6

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SWEET HOME MINE

Prospectors: prospect for these hidden words from the
Some Wall Street Gurus Predict
article Sweet Home Mine.
Gold Price will Fall
Solution found at www.gpoc.com
In an article posted Jan 22, 2010 by
Aaron Task (an analyst for Tech Ticker),
he says some analysts feel that the
recent pullback in the price of gold (from
about $1250 to under $1150) is just a
temporary pause on way to well over
$2000 an ounce. In a recent e-mail ad
campaign promoting American Sierra
Gold Corp (a gold prospecting
company). “If Washington keeps
printing currency at this rate, gold prices
hitting $5,000 within five years has
become a real possibility.”

But the gold fund managers have a

different take on the situation.
According to Thomas Winmill, manager
of the Midas Fund (one of the larger gold
mutual funds), "If we see fiscal disciple
[and] monetary discipline in the U.S., I
would say we might see gold go back to
its marginal cost of production, which is
about $800 per ounce." He believes
gold will grow about $100 an ounce per
quarter for the rest of this year until the
Fed starts to impose “fiscal disciple [and]
monetary discipline.” When that occurs,
the price of gold will start to come back
down. So from his perspective, go out
and find lots of gold this summer and
sell it soon before the price drops next

Material from many sources is used in the Prospector’s Quill. While it is believed that these items are accurate, neither the editor nor the Gold Prospector’s of
Colorado assumes any responsibility for their use. Advertiser’s claims are their own, and their products are not warranted by the Gold Prospectors of Colorado.

The Prospector’s Quill Gold Prospectors of Colorado PO Box 1593 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80901
items of interest
INFORMATION page 7PAGE 7

Western Museum of Mining and Industry

Saturday, March 13, Women in Mining
10:00 AM – 3:00 PM
Join us at the Western Museum of Mining & Industry as we
explore the life of women in pioneer / mining camp days.
Edwardian tea and theatrical performance, local displays of
miniatures, pioneer kitchen accessories, quilting and much
more. This popular event fills fast so call to make your
reservations soon. Customary admissions apply.

CONTACT FOR THE CLUB

BOB HALE

If you have any questions about the club

or its activities please call Bob at
(719) 213-3383

BOOK FANS
FOR OUR FACE exchange
page where you can
We have a GPOC fan You can include
fellow prospectors!
information with your .
add events and links
photos, discussions,
page by searching
for Gold
You can access the k.c om
ado on www.faceboo
Prospectors of Color

Mail application to: MEMBERSHIP Gold Prospectors of Colorado PO Box 1593 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80901

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MEMBERSHIP ( ) INDIVIDUAL $25 (18 years and over) ( ) FAMILY $30 (Includes members under age 18)

Reminder Please look at your Prospector’s Quill mailing label. The month and year on it tells you when you need to renew
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INTERESTS
Gold Panning & Prospecting For Fun HOOKED ON GOLD
FREE Gold Panning Tips
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DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & Informative!
Read our equipment reviews
SCIENCE and Prospectors Blog.
Which Pan?
2001 Colorado Blvd. Denver, CO Answers to your questions: Finding Gold,
Metal Detecting, Dredging.
February 13, 2010 Field Trip Site changes weekly!
Visit often!
Got your hard hat? In Coors Mineral Hall, follow
www.hookedongold.com
the mine shaft into a Mexican silver mine, where a
cavern glistens with milky white gypsum crystals
and stalactites. Then enter Colorado's own
Sweet Home Mine
to discover a six-foot wall of blood-red
rhodochrosite crystals. Colorado was founded on
mining, and in the historical mining section you’ll RUXTON’S TRADING POST
see more local finds, like Tom’s Baby, an eight-
“Embrace the Old West”
pound nugget of crystallized gold unearthed in
Cowboy & Indian Antiques
Breckenridge in 1887. You’ll also uncover
Contemporary Western & Indian Art
Brazilian topaz, California watermelon Frontier Antiques * Fine Weavings
tourmaline, Australian opals, intense blue azurite, Furniture * Western Books * Kitsch
green malachite, and hundreds of other dazzling Collectibles * Novelties * Curiosities
specimens from around the world. Hands-on
activities and videos help young explorers learn GRETCHEN & MIKE GRAHAM
about mineral characteristics and how minerals
(719)685-9024
form. Join GPOC club members for a day of fun! www.oldwestantiques.com
Ben will be at the museum all day.
22 RUXTON AVE. MANITOU SPRINGS, CO 80829
MENTION YOU ARE A MEMBER OF GPOC
& RECEIVE A 10% DISCOUNT

OFFICIAL
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ION OF THE PROSPECTOR’S QUILL
GOLD PRO
SPECTOR
S OF COLO
RADO
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prings, Co
lorado 809
01 February 2010