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6.6
471
Problems
General comments:
In a number of problems, not only the shear stress due to a torsion will
be required, but also the shear stress due to a shear force and sometimes
also the normal stress.
Questions:
a. Determine the shear modulus for the type of rubber used.
b. Determine the displacement of the upper plate if the force of 7.2 kN
acts in the y direction and not the x direction.
Torsion of circular cross-sections (Section 6.2)
6.3 A solid circular cross-section has to transfer a torsional moment of
1 kNm. The shear stress in the cross-section may not exceed 10 MPa.
Question:
Determine the displacement of the upper strip with respect to the lower strip
if the shear modulus for rubber is 3 MPa.
6.2 A rubber block of 200 160 50 mm3 is firmly glued at the top and
the bottom to two rigid steel plates. Due to the force of 7.2 kN as shown,
the upper plate moves 7.5 mm in the x direction.
Question:
Determine the minimum required diameter d of the cross-section.
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6.4 A solid circular cross-section with diameter d1 = 150 mm and a hollow circular crosssection with external diameter d2 = 180 mm
and an as yet unknown inner diameter d3
are subject to the same torsional moment Mt .
Due to Mt the same maximum shear stress
max = 80 MPa occurs in both cross-sections.
Questions:
a. Determine the magnitude of the torsional
moment Mt .
b. Determine the inner diameter d3 of the
hollow cross-section.
c. Determine the shear stress at the inner
boundary of the hollow cross-section.
Questions:
a. Determine the shear stress distribution in the cross-section of the tube
due to the torsional moment.
b. Determine the shear stress distribution due to the shear force.
c. Determine the shear stress distribution due to the torsional moment and
the shear force.
d. Determine the maximum shear stress and the place where it occurs.
6.8 The double bent member in the horizontal plane is constructed from a
thin-walled tube of radius R = 200 mm and wall thickness t = 10 mm.
The structure is loaded by a vertical force of 15.7 kN at D. The force acts
in the axis of symmetry of the cross-section.
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Questions:
a. Determine the required diameter d of the shaft.
b. Determine the rotation of the end cross-sections with respect to one
another (use for d the value found in (a)).
6.10 The solid shaft in problem 6.9 is replaced by a hollow shaft with an
external diameter of 75 mm. All other data remain the same.
Questions:
a. Determine the required wall thickness of the shaft.
b. Determine the rotation of the end cross-sections with respect to one
another (use the wall-thickness found in (a)).
6.11 The horizontal forces in the plane of the roof cause torsion in the
column. The column is rigidly connected to the roof and the foundation.
A steel tube has been used for the column with an external diameter of
180 mm. The polar moment of inertia is Ip = 60 106 mm4 . For the shear
modulus of steel use G = 80 GPa.
Questions:
a. Determine the maximum
shear stress in the column.
b. Determine the minimum
shear stress in the column.
c. Determine the difference
in rotation 1 between
both end cross-sections of
the column (in degrees)
if the column length is
2.40 m.
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6.12 Solid member ABC consists of two equally long parts AB and BC
with circular cross-section of different diameter. The member, is fixed
at A and is loaded at the free end C by a torsional moment of 200 Nm.
The dimensions are shown in the figure. The shear modulus is G = 80 GPa.
Questions:
a. Draw the Mt diagram.
b. Determine the distribution of the torsional strain over the length of
the member and draw the diagram.
c. Determine the rotation at B (in degrees).
Torsion of thin-walled cross-sections (Section 6.3)
Questions:
a. Determine the maximum shear stress.
b. Determine the rotation at B (in radians).
c. Determine the rotation at C (in degrees).
Questions:
a. What do you understand by the shear flow in a cross-section?
b. Prove that the shear flow is constant.
c. For the shear stress due to torsion, derive the formula below:
xm =
Mt
.
2Am t
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Questions:
a. Determine the shear stress distribution in the cross-section.
b. Determine the contribution of the shear stresses in the flanges to the
torsional moment.
c. Determine the contribution of the shear stresses in the webs to the
torsional moment.
6.17 A cantilever beam with a thin-walled triangular cross-section is
loaded at its free end by an eccentric force F = 45 kN. The cross-section
has a uniform wall thickness t = 24 mm. For the rest use a = 260 mm and
b = 375 mm.
Questions:
a. Determine the magnitude of the torsional moment in the beam.
b. Determine the maximum shear stress due to only the torsional moment.
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6.18 You are given two circular thin-walled cross-sections with radius R
and wall thickness t. Cross-section I is closed and cross-section II has a
gap at S. The same torsional moment Mt acts in both cross-sections.
Questions:
a. Determine the expression for the maximum shear stress max;I in crosssection I.
b. Determine the expression for the maximum shear stress max;II in crosssection II.
c. Determine the ratio max;II /max;I . What does this mean numerically if
R = 60 mm and t = 3 mm?
Questions:
a. Determine the torsion constant of the cross-section.
b. Determine the torsion constant if the cross-section is no longer closed
but has a small gap at the centre of the right-hand web.
6.21 You are given three thin-walled open cross-sections (a), (b) and (c)
and one thin-walled closed cross-section (d). The cross-sectional dimensions are given in the figure.
Questions:
a. Arrange (in ascending order) the open cross-sections according to the
magnitude of the torsion constant.
b. Compare the torsion constant of the closed cross-section (d) with the
torsion constant of the open cross-sections.
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Questions:
a. Determine the shear force and the torsional moment in the crosssection.
b. Draw the shear stress distribution in the cross-section due to only the
shear force. Indicate the direction of the shear stresses and include the
values at a number of relevant places.
c. Determine the shear stress distribution due to only the torsional moment.
d. Determine the shear stress distribution due to the combination of shear
force and torsional moment.
e. Determine the maximum shear stress and the point where this occurs.
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6.23 You are given two thin-walled square cross-sections with a flange
thickness of 12 mm and a web thickness of 6 mm. One cross-section is
open, with a gap at the centre of the lower flange, while the other crosssection is closed. Both cross-sections have to transfer the same eccentric
shear force. All necessary information can be found in the figure.
6.25 You are given a thin-walled Usection. The force of 4800 N is the
resultant of all shear stresses in the
cross-section. The dimensions are
given in the figure.
Questions:
a. Determine the magnitude and
direction of the shear force and
the torsional moment in the
cross-section.
b. Determine the moment of inertia Izz .
c. Determine the shear stress distribution due to the shear force. Sketch
this distribution, indicate the direction of the shear stresses and include
a number of relevant values.
d. Determine the torsion constant It .
e. Determine the shear stress distribution due to the torsional moment.
Draw this distribution, indicate the direction of the shear stresses and
include a number of relevant values.
f. Determine the location and magnitude of the maximum shear stress due
to the combination of shear force and torsional moment.
6.26 A thin-walled U-section has been used for a cantilever beam. The
beam is loaded at its free end by a vertical force of 9.35 kN of which the
line of action coincides with the web. The dimensions are given in the
figure.
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Question:
Determine the maximum shear stress in the cross-section.
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6.28 The bent bar type structure in the horizontal plane is constructed of
a thin-walled circular tube with radius R = 100 mm and wall thickness
t = 5 mm. The structure is loaded by a vertical force at A and a horizontal
force at B. Both forces act on the centre lines of the structure.
Questions:
a. Determine the value of Mt for which the limiting value is reached.
b. Determine the value of Mt for which the limiting value is reached.
c. Determine the maximum torsional moment that the tube can transfer.
6.30: 12 Member ABCD consists of three parts with different torsional stiffnesses:
(AB)
(BC)
(CD)
GIt
= 4 kNm2 , GIt
= 1.6 kNm2 and GIt
= 2.5 kNm2.
6.31 The dimensions of the square open cross-section, with a gap at S, are
given in the figure. An eccentric shear force of 1.68 kN is transferred by
the cross-section. The line of application of the shear force coincides with
the left web.
Questions:
a. Determine the shear force and the torsional moment in the crosssection.
b. Draw the shear stress distribution due to only the shear force. Indicate
the direction of the shear stresses and include a number of relevant
values.
c. In the same way draw the shear stress distribution due to only the
torsional moment.
d. Determine the maximum shear stress due to the eccentric shear force
and the location(s) where it occurs.
6.32 The thin-walled tube with rectangular cross-section and uniform wall
thickness of 18 mm, has to transfer an eccentric vertical force of 48 kN as
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shown in the figure. Also the cross-sectional dimensions follow from the
figure.
Questions:
a. Determine the shear force and the torsional moment in the crosssection.
b. Prove that the moments of inertia of the cross-section are:
Iyy = 168 106 mm4 and Izz = 480 106 mm4 .
c. Draw the shear stress distribution in the cross-section due to the shear
force only. Indicate the direction of the shear stresses and include the
values in a relevant number of places.
d. In the same way draw the shear stress distribution due to only the
torsional moment.
e. Sketch the shear stress distribution due to the combination of shear
force and bending moment.
f. Where in the cross-section is the shear stress a maximum and how large
is this maximum value?
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6.33 You are given two square thin-walled cross-sections with uniform
wall thickness t. Cross-section I is closed and cross-section II is open with
a small gap at the centre of the lower flange. The (shear) force V shown is
the resultant of all shear stresses in the cross-section. In the calculation use
V = 31 kN, a = 360 mm and t = 20 mm.
Questions:
a. Determine the location and magnitude of the maximum shear stress in
cross-section I.
b. Determine the location and magnitude of the maximum shear stress in
cross-section II.
6.34 The force of 65 kN shown is the resultant of all shear stresses in the
triangular cross-section. The cross-section is thin-walled with a uniform
wall thickness of 14 mm.
Questions:
a. Determine the magnitude and direction of the shear force and the
torsional moment in the cross-section.
b. Determine the shear stress distribution due to the shear force only.
c. Determine the shear stress distribution due to the torsional moment
only.
d. Determine the maximum shear stress in the cross-section and the place
where it occurs.