UNIT II

Two marks questions

1. Why is frequency modulation preferred for voice transmission? (AU-MAY14)
Voice signal requires the frequencies upto 10KHz. For such a small range of voice
frequencies FM does not have wide bandwidth. Hence FM is preferred.
2. If the maximum phase deviation in a PM system is 0.1 radian when a
modulating signal is applied is 10V. Determine the value of phase deviation
constant. (AU-MAY14)
K= (t)/e(t) = 0.1/10 = 0.01 rad/volts.
3. What is the need for pre emphasis? (AU-MAY14)
The noise has greater effect on higher modulating frequencies and less effect on
lower ones. Hence higher modulating frequencies should be artificially boosted, so
that effect of noise can be reduced. This is done by pre emphasis.
4. Define frequency discriminators. (AU-MAY11)
The frequency discriminator produces the signal whose amplitude is proportional
to the deviation in the frequency of FM signal. Thus the discriminator is similar to
frequency to voltage convertor. It is used in FM detection. Balanced slope detector is
an example of frequency discriminator.
5. What do you understand by FM stereo multiplexing? (AU-MAY09)
FM stereo multiplexing is used for stereo transmission. It is basically frequency
division multiplexing. It is used for FM radio broadcasting. The left and right
channel signal is used to generate sum and difference signal and carrier are
combined together and sent. Such FM multiplexed signal can be coherently
received by stereo as well as mono receiver.
6. State Carsons rule. (AU-MAY13)
Carsons rule states that the bandwidth of the angular modulated wave is directly
proportional to deviation ratio and maximum frequency of the modulating signal. It
is given by BW=s ( + fmax).
7. Differentiate between narrowband FM and wideband FM. (AU-MAY11)
In narrowband FM, the frequency deviation is very small. Hence the frequency
spectrum consists of two major sidebands like AM. Other sidebands are negligible

Prepared by M.Marimuthu. Assistant professor /ECE. SSCET, Palani

and hence they can be neglected. Therefore the bandwidth of narrowband FM is

limited only to twice of highest modulating frequency.
If the deviation in carrier frequency is large enough so that other sidebands cannot
be neglected, then it is called wideband FM. The bandwidth of wideband FM is
calculated as per Carsons rule.

8. What are the advantages of FM over AM? (AU-MAY10)

a) The amplitude of FM is constant. It is independent of depth of modulation.
Hence transmitter power remains constant.
b) Since amplitude of FM is constant, the noise interference is minimm.
c) The depth of modulation has limitation in AM. But in FM the depth of
modulation can be increased to any value.
d) Since guard bands are provided n FM, there is less possibility of
interference.
e) Since space waves are used in FM, the radius of propagation is limited to
f)

line of sight. Hence it is possible to reuse frequency.

Since FM uses UHF and VHF ranges, the noise interference is minimum

compared to AM.
9. Draw the simple schematic of a PLL demodulator. (AU-DEC13)
Refer book
10.Can we call phase modulation as time modulation? Relate. (AU-MAY11)
Time modulation and phase modulation are not same. In PM phase shift takes
place with respect to amplitude. In time modulation, the time component in both wt
and theta (t) must be modulated.
8 & 16 marks
1. Explain the methods of demodulation of FM signal (AU-DEC11)
16 marks
2. With neat diagram explain generation of FM by indirect method and use the
suitable demodulation scheme.(AU-May2013)
16 marks
3. a)With neat diagram explain Armstrong method of generating FM signal
(AU-MAY13)
8 marks
b) Mention any 5 points to differentiate amplitude modulation and
Frequency Modulation. (AU MAY13)
c) Discuss in detail FM stereo multiplexing (AU-DEC07)

4 marks
4 marks

4. a) Derive an equation for FM signal.(AU-MAY13)

4 marks
b) Derive an expression for spectrum of FM signal with single tone
modulation. (AU DEC11)

Prepared by M.Marimuthu. Assistant professor /ECE. SSCET, Palani

12marks

5. a) With neat diagram explain the operation of Ratio detector for

demodulating FM signal(AU-May2013) 6 marks
b) With neat diagram explain the operation of foster seelay discriminator for
demodulating FM signal (AU-May2013) 6 marks
c) With neat diagram explain the operation of varactor diode detector for
demodulating FM signal (AU-May2013) 4 marks

Prepared by M.Marimuthu. Assistant professor /ECE. SSCET, Palani