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GROUP B
Mathematics
(B.Sc. Hons. level)
In addition to the syllabus of Mathematics in Group A, the syllabus
includes:
Calculus and real analysis Real numbers, basic properties; convergence
of sequences and series; limits, continuity, uniform continuity of
functions; differentiability of functions of one or more variables and
applications. Indefinite integral, fundamental theorem of Calculus,
Riemann integration, improper integrals, double and multiple integrals and
applications. Sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence.
Linear algebra - Vector spaces and linear transformations; matrices and
systems of linear equations, characteristic roots and characteristic vectors,
Cayley-Hamilton theorem, canonical forms, quadratic forms.
Graph Theory - Connectedness, trees, vertex coloring, planar graphs,
Eulerian graphs, Hamiltonian graphs, digraphs and tournaments.
Abstract algebra Groups, subgroups, cosets, Lagranges theorem; normal
subgroups and quotient groups; permutation groups; rings, subrings,
ideals, integral domains, fields, characteristics of a field, polynomial rings,
unique factorization domains, field extensions, finite fields.
Differential equations Solutions of ordinary and partial differential
equations and applications.
Statistics
(B.Sc. Hons. level)
Notions of sample space and probability, combinatorial probability,
conditional probability, Bayes theorem and independence, random
variable and expectation, moments, standard univariate discrete and
continuous distributions, sampling distribution of statistics based on
normal samples, central limit theorem, approximation of binomial to
normal. Poisson law, Multinomial, bivariate normal and multivariate
normal distributions.
Sample Questions
GROUP A
Mathematics
A1. If 1, a1, a2,, an-1 are the n roots of unity, find the value of
(1 - a1) (1 - a2)(1 - an-1).
A2. Let
S {( a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 ) : ai , i 1, 2, 3, 4 and a1 a2 a3 a4 0}
and
{( a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 ) : ai , i 1, 2, 3, 4 and a1 a2 a3 a4 0}.
c2
c1
c2
c3
c1
c3 c0
c c c c
3
2
1
0
c c c c
1
0
3
2
c0
where
c3
4 2
4 2
c1
3 3
,
4 2
c2
3 3
,
4 2
x x x
nx
n
n
n
b 2 j b j , bj = 0 or 1, for j = 0, 1, , q.
j 0
q
Show that b is divisible by 3 if b0 b1 b2 (1) bq 0 .
A6. A sequence {xn} is defined by x1 = 2, xn+1 = 2 x n , n =1,2,
and
A9. Let a0 +
A10. Let (n) be the number of positive integers less than n and having no
common factor with n. For example, for n = 8, the numbers 1, 3, 5, 7
have no common factors with 8, and hence (8) = 4. Show that
( p) p 1 ,
(i)
( pq ) ( p ) ( q ) , where p and q are prime numbers.
(ii)
A11. A set S contains integers 1 and 2. S also contains all integers of the
form 3x+ y where x and y are distinct elements of S, and every
element of S other than 1 and 2 can be obtained as above. What is S?
Justify your answer.
A12. Let f be a real-valued function such that f(x+y) = f(x) + f(y)
is a
( x) (c f c f 2 (c ) ..... f
n
n 1
(c)) f n ( x );
n
where, for a real-valued function g, g ( x ) is defined by
g 0 ( x ) 0, g 1 ( x) g ( x ), g k 1 ( x) g ( g k ( x)).
A13. Consider a square grazing field with each side of length 8 metres.
There is a pillar at the centre of the field (i.e. at the intersection of
the two diagonals). A cow is tied with the pillar using a rope of
8
length 3 metres. Find the area of the part of the field that the cow is
allowed to graze.
A14.
Let f : [0,1] [-1,1] be such that f(0) = 0 and f(x) = sin 1x for x >
0. Is it possible to get three sequences {an}, {bn}, {cn} satisfying all
the three properties P1, P2 and P3 stated below? If so, provide an
example sequence for each of the three sequences. Otherwise,
prove that it is impossible to get three such sequences.
P1: an > 0, bn > 0, cn > 0, for all n.
an 0, lim bn 0, lim cn 0.
P2: nlim
n
n
n
n
A15.
a - a
i
i odd
i even
is divisible by 11.
GROUP B
Mathematics
x n 3
, n = 1,2,3,
3x n 1
5 x n 3
, n = 1,2,3,
Show that xn+2 =
3x n 5
xn exists.
Hence or otherwise, show that nlim
(iii)
xn .
Find nlim
Pn .
Find nlim
M10. Let R be the field of reals. Let R[x] be the ring of polynomials over
R, with the usual operations.
(a) Let I R[x] be the set of polynomials of the form a0 +a1x +....
+ anxn with a0 = a1 = 0. Show that I is an ideal.
(b) Let P be the set of polynomials over R of degree 1. Define
and on P by (a0 +a1x) (b0 +b1 x) = (a0 + b0)+(a1 +b1)x and
(a0 +a1x) (b0 + b1x) = a0b0 + (a1b0 +a0b1)x. Show that (P, ,
) is a commutative ring. Is it an integral domain? Justify your
answer.
M11. (a) If G is a group of order 24 and H is a subgroup of G of order
12, prove that H is a normal subgroup of G.
(b) Show that a field of order 81 cannot have a subfield of order 27.
M12. (a) Consider the differential equation:
d2y
dy
cos x
sin x 2 y cos 3 x 2 cos 5 x.
2
dx
dx
By a suitable transformation, reduce this equation to a second
order linear differential equation with constant coefficients.
Hence or otherwise solve the equation.
(b) Find the surfaces whose tangent planes all pass through the
origin.
M13. (a) Draw a simple graph with the degree sequence (1,1,1,1,4).
(b) Write down the adjacency matrix of the graph.
(c) Find the rank of the above matrix.
(d) Using definitions of characteristic root and characteristic vectors
only, find out all the characteristic roots of the matrix in (b).
10
M14. (a) Show that a tree on n vertices has at most n2 vertices with
degree > 1.
(b) Show that in an Eulerian graph on 6 vertices, a subset of 5
vertices cannot form a complete subgraph.
M15. a) Show that the edges of K4 can be partitioned into 2 edge-disjoint
spanning trees.
(b) Use (a) to show that the edges of K6 can be partitioned into 3
edge-disjoint spanning trees.
(c) Let Kn denote the complete undirected graph with n vertices and
let n be an even number. Prove that the edges of Kn can be
partitioned into exactly n/2 edge-disjoint spanning trees.
Statistics
S1. (a) X and Y are two independent and identically distributed random
variables with Prob[X = i] = pi, for i = 0, 1, 2, Find
Prob[X < Y] in terms of the pi values.
(b) Based on one random observation X from N(0, 2), show that
/2 |X| is an unbiased estimate of .
S2.
X1 X 0 ,
X2 X0 ,
X n1 X 0 ,
X n X0,
n 1, 2, 3,
S4.
S5. New laser altimeters can measure elevation to within a few inches,
without bias. As a part of an experiment, 25 readings were made on
the elevation of a mountain peak. These averaged out to be 73,631
inches with a standard deviation (SD) of 10 inches. Examine each of
the following statements and ascertain whether the statement is true
or false, giving reasons for your answer.
(a) 73631 4 inches is a 95% confidence interval for the elevation
of the mountain peak.
(b) About 95% of the readings are in the range 73631 4 inches.
(c) There is about 95% chance that the next reading will be in the
range of 73631 4 inches.
S6.
Treatment A
a
c
Treatment B
b
d
12
1
2
against H1 : =
2
3
, with
. Show that
(t
i 1
t ) 2 /{k (k 1)} is an
S2
2c
V (Y ) (1 f )
(Y N Y 1 nc )
N 1
n
where f
1
n
2
(Yi Y ) 2 , comment on the choice
and S
N
N 1 i 1
of c.
S11. In order to compare the effects of four treatments A, B, C, D, a block
design with 2 blocks each having 3 plots was used. Treatments A, B,
C were given randomly to the plots of one block and treatments A,
B, D were given randomly to the plots of the other block. Write
down a set of 3 orthogonal contrasts with the 4 treatment effects and
show that all of them are estimable from the above design.
13
S12. Let X1, X2, Xn (Xi= (xi1, xi2, , xip), i=1, 2, , n) be n random
samples from a p-variate normal population with mean vector and
covariance matrix I.
Further, let S = ((sjk)) denote the sample sums of squares and
products matrix, namely
n
s jk i 1 ( xij x j )( xik x k ),1 j , k p, where
xj
n
1
x ,1 j p.
i 1 ij
n
where Y s and Xijs are known, and is are independent and each
is follows N(0,2).
P3. The nucleus BZA decays by alpha ( He24 ) emission with a half-life
T to the nucleus C ZA24 which in turn, decays by beta (electron)
T
to the nucleus DZA14 . If at time t 0 ,
4
the decay chain B C D had started with B0 number of B
nuclei only, then find out the time t at which the number of C
1
1
(px2 + py2) +
m 2(x2 + y2),
2m
2
P9. (a) Given the circuit shown in the figure, find out the current through
the resistance R 3 between A and B .
(b) Suppose a metal ring of mean radius 100 cm is made of iron and
steel as shown in the figure. The cross-section of the ring is 10
sq.cm. If the ring is uniformly wound with 1000 turns, calculate
the current required to produce a flux of 1 milliweber. The
absolute permeability of air is 4 10 7 H/m and relative
permeability of iron and steel are 250 and 1000 , respectively.
17
P12.
a
.
2
P13.
B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
C
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
T
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
(b) Find the value of R and the current flowing through R shown in
the figure when the current is zero through R.
19
P15.
where B is a
V V2
function of temperature only. The gas is initially at temperature
and volume V0 and is expanded isothermally and reversibly to
volume V1 2V0 .
(a) Find the work done in the expansion.
(b) Find the heat absorbed in the expansion.
A gas obeys the equation of state P
S
P
(Hint: Use the relation V
P16. (a) From the Earth, an observer sees two very high speed rockets
A
and B moving in a straight line in the same direction with
velocities
c
2c
and
respectively. What is the velocity of B
2
3
0
for
1
2
1
.
3
3
Computer Science
C1.
Aa
Bb
Cc
C3.
(a)
C5.
C6.
C7.
C8.
C9.
(a)
Control signals
I1
I2
C1 , C2 , C3 , C4 , C5 , C6 ,
I3
C2 , C5 , C6 ,
I4
C4 , C5 , C8 ,
I5
C7 , C8 ,
I6
C1 , C8 , C9 ,
I7
C3 , C4 , C8 ,
I8
C1 , C2 , C9 ,
C1 , C3 , C4C6 ,
24
(c)
C14. (a)
(b)
6 4 5 3
3 7 2 4
2 10 7 8
4 5 9 7
7 6 8 12
(a)
Row
I
1
2
3
4
5
l(i)
2
3
3
4
5
(b)
Figure shows an example of (a) matrix A, and (b) the
corresponding values of li for each row i.
Write an algorithm for identifying the largest valued
element in matrix A which performs at most O(nlog2n)
comparisons.
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27
3
m. After the collision, the bullet gets stuck
10
inside the bob and the string deflects with the total mass through an
angle of 120o keeping the string taut. Find
(i) the angle , and
(ii) the height of P from the horizontal plane.
Assume, g = 10 m / s 2 m, and friction in air is negligible.
E2.
E3. A chain of total length L = 4 meter rests on a table top, with a part
of the chain hanging over the edge, as shown in the figure below.
Let be the ratio of the length of the overhanging part of the chain
to L.
If the coefficient of friction between the chain and the table top is
0.5, find the values of for which the chain remains stationary. If
= 0.5, what is the velocity of the chain when the last link leaves the
table?
E4.
E5. The truss shown in the figure rotates around the pivot O in a vertical
plane at a constant angular speed . Four equal masses (m) hang from
the points B, C, D and E. The members of the truss are rigid,
weightless and of equal length. Find a condition on the angular speed
so that there is compression in the member OE.
E6. If the inputs A and B to the circuit shown below can be either 0 volts
or 5 volts,
(i) what would be the corresponding voltages at output Z, and
(ii) what operation is being performed by this circuit ?
Assume that the transistor and the diodes
emitter saturation voltage = 0.5 volts.
29
300 3.6
kg/hour when the
80 4.2
A / r , A is constant for 0 r R
0, for r R
30
and the stator losses amount to 5 HP. Determine the slip, rotor
copper loss, and efficiency for this load.
E16. A shunt D.C. generator supplies a load of two motors each drawing
46 Amps and a lighting load consisting of twenty-two 60 watt lamps
at 220V. The resistance of shunt field, series field and armature are
110 ohms, 0.06 ohms and 0.05 ohms respectively.
(i) Find the electrical efficiency of the generator.
(ii) If the overall efficiency of the generator at the above load is 77, find
the total constant (iron and mechanical) loss.
E17. An alternator on open-circuit generates 360V at 60 Hz when the
field current is 3.6 A. Neglecting saturation, determine the opencircuit e.m.f. when the frequency is 40 Hz and the field-current is
24A.
E18. A single phase two-winding 20 KVA transformer has 5000 primary
and 500 secondary turns. It is converted to an autotransformer
employing additive polarity mechanism. Suppose the transformer
always operates with an input voltage of 2000 V.
(i) Calculate the percentage increase in KVA capacity.
(ii) Calculate the common current in the autotransformer.
(iii) At full load of 0.9 power factor, if the efficiency of the twowinding transformer be 90%, what will be the efficiency of
the autotransformer at the same load ?
E19. The hybrid parameters of a p-n-p junction transistor used as an
amplifier in the common-emitter configuration are: hie = 800, hfe =
46, hoe = 8 x 10-5 mho, hre = 55.4 x 10-4. If the load resistance is 5 k
and the effective source resistance is 500 , calculate the voltage
and current gains and the output resistance.
E20. Find the equivalent resistance between the points A and D of the
circuit shown in the diagram.
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