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Analysis and Design of the mat foundation:

There are 3 methods for the design of mat foundations:


1. The Conventional method of design.
2. The Approximate Flexible method of design.
3. Finite-Difference and Finite Element methods of design.
Weve chosen the Conventional method of design to use in both of ourhandmade and computerized calculations since its simple and accurate too.

Step1 - Calculate the total Loads on raft ( from: columns , walls,


water, soils, beams).

Servi Servi Servi Servi Servi Servi Servi Servi Servi Servi Servi
ce
ce
ce
ce
ce
ce
ce
ce
ce
ce
ce
Pn
Pn
Pn
Pn
Pn
Pn
Pn
Pn
Pn
Pn
Pn

Pn

0
277.6 529.2 529.2 529.2 529.2 529.2 529.2 529.2 277.6
0
4259.6
0
62.5 186.52 186.52 186.52 125 186.52 186.52 186.52 62.5
0
1369.12
359.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
359.5
719
529.2 186.52 365.7 365.7 365.7 163.75 365.7 365.7 365.7 186.52 529.2 3789.39
51039.6
529.2 3561.5 7115.7 7115.7 7115.7 163.75 7115.7 7115.7 7115.7 3561.5 529.2
3
529.2 186.52 365.7 365.7 365.7 163.75 365.7 365.7 365.7 186.52 529.2 3789.39
359.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
359.5
719
0
62.5 186.52 186.52 186.52 125 186.52 186.52 186.52 62.5
0
1369.12
0
277.6 529.2 529.2 529.2 529.2 529.2 529.2 529.2 277.6
0
4259.6
71313.8
2306.6 4614.8 9278.6 9278.6 9278.6 1799.7 9278.6 9278.6 9278.6 4614.8 2306.6
5

Pn= P=P 1+ P 2+ P 3+ + P n .
71313.85 KN
Pu

Pu

Pu

0
333.2
635
0
87.5 258.47
431.4
0
0
258.4
635
7
502.5
258.4
635
7
8602.5
258.4
635
7
502.5
431.4
0
0
0
87.5 258.47
0
333.2
635
2767. 1616. 11394.

Pu

Pu

Pu

Pu

Pu

Pu

Pu

Pu

635
635
635
635
635
635
333.2
0
258.47 258.47 266.7 258.47 258.47 258.47 87.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
431.4
258.4
502.5 502.5 266.7 502.5 502.5 502.5
7
635
8326.
258.4
8602.5 8602.5
7
8602.5 8602.5 8602.5
7
635
258.4
502.5 502.5 266.7 502.5 502.5 502.5
7
635
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
431.4
258.47 258.47 266.7 258.47 258.47 258.47 87.5
0
635
635
635
635
635
635
333.2
0
11394. 11394. 10663 11394. 11394. 11394. 1616. 2767.

SPu
5111.4
1992.52
862.8
5068.64
61728.6
4
5068.64
862.8
1992.52
5111.4
87799.3

81

44

44

44

.5

44

44

44

81

u=87799.36 KN

Step2 - Determine the soils pressure - distributed under the foundation and specify
the maximum value of it:

q=

Pn Mx
My
+
y+
x q allow , net
A Ix
Iy

2
Where: 1) A: Area of the raft = ( 41.95 )( 21.95 )=920.8m

Ix : moment of inertia of the raft about the x-axis .

2)
Ix=

B L3 41 . 9521.953
=
=36970.4 m4
12
12
3)
3

Iy=

Iy : moment of inertia of the raft about the y-axis .


3

L B 21.9541.95
=
=135035.9 m4
12
12
The eccentricities (ex & ey) are found as shown below:

1.

B
40
ex=x ' =20 =0 m
2
2

Where:
x'=

P 1. x ' 1+ P 2. x' 2+ P3. x ' 3+


P

5( 2186.52+3365.74 )+10( 2186.52+ 3365.74 )+ 15( 2186.52+ 3365.74 ) +20 (2125+3163


10931.93
x' =

x'=

218638.6
=20 m
10931.93
L
20
ey= y ' =10 =0 m
2
2

2.
Where:
y'=

P 1. y ' 1+ P 2. y ' 2+ P 3. y ' 3+


P

5( 2186.52+ 6365.74 +163.75 ) +10( 2186.52+6365.74+163.75 ) +15( 2186.52+6365.74


+20(262.5+6186.52+125)
y'=
10931.93
y'=

109319.3
=10.0m
10931.93

Raft moment values in both x & y directions:


Mx=P . ey=64943.930=0 KN . m
My=P . ex=64943.930=0 KN . m

q=

P Mx
My
+
y+
x q allow ,net
A Ix
Iy

q=

71313.85
0
0
+
y+
x q allow , net
920.8
36970.4
135035.9

q=70.52+0 y +0x.

Step3: Compare the values of the soil pressure to determine weather


.

Point
A
B
C

P/A
70.53
70.53
70.53

x
-20.98
-20
-17.5

0x
0
0
0

y
10.98
10.98
10.98

0y
0
0
0

q
70.53
70.53
70.53

q q a. net

D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12

70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53

-15
-12.5
-10
-7.5
-5
-2.5
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
20.98
20.98
20
17.5
15
12.5
10
7.5
5
2.5
0
-2.5
-5
-7.5
-10
-12.5
-15
-17.5
-20
-20.98

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98
-10.98

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53
70.53

2
2
Its given that( q a. net=5 kg /cm = 500KN/ m ), and its found that (qmax.= 70.53
2
KN/ m )

qmax . q a.net . ( is correct)

Step4: Divide the mat into strips in both x and y directions with a width=B1 for each
of them.

Here, strips are taken as center to center between columns and walls. Each internal strip either in
x or y direction is 5m- wide and as fore external edge strips, the strip width is 3.42m in both x
and y directions.

Step5: Draw the shear V and the moment M Diagrams for each strip in both x and y
directions.

Note : Strip (M N O Q Y Z) width= 5m- is chosen to be analyzed and designed as a sample.


I.
qN =

qY =
II.

Soil pressure beneath the strip:


q(atM ) +q(atN ) +q (atO)
3

70.53+70.53+70.53
=70.53 KN /m2
3

q(atX )+ q(atY ) +q(atZ ) 70.53+70.53+70.53


=
=70.53 KN /m2
3
3
Shear and Moment Diagrams:

Step6: Determine the effective depthd of the foundation by checking for diagonal
tension shear near various columns:

A critical internal column of (30cm*30cm) with ( Pd=206.74 KN , Pl=159 KN ) loads is


sufficient to give a controlled value for the thicKness of the raft as its loaded with the ultimate
loading value .
According to (ACI 318-95 section 9.2.1),
U=1.4(Pd) +1.6(Pl)
U=1.4*(206.74) +1.6*(159) =543.836 KN.
b0 =4(d +300)
.Vc Vu

.Vc= ( 4 ) f c 'b 0d=0.854 24( 4( d+300 ) )d 543.836


2

d +300 d=8.16
2

d +300 d8.16=0
d=300 mm

( 142 )=382 mm

h=300+75+

accordingly, use h=400 mm

According to the equations of shear design (ACI 318-08) :

300
=1.0
300

d=40050

14
=343 mm
2

b0 =4 300+

343
=1886 mm
2

s=40interior column .

Vc=

1
2
1+
6

Vc=

1 sd
(
+2) f c ' b0 d
12 b 0

Vc=

1
f c' b 0 d
3

( )f c b d

Vc=

'

where,

where,

where,

1
2
1+ =0.333
6

( )

1 s d
+2 =0.773
12 b0

1
=0.333 -control
3

1
'
3
f c b0 d=0.750.333 24188634310 =791.5 KN

VU =502

( 70.53+ 70.53)
( 0.3+ 0.343 )( 0.30.343 ) =472.84 NN
2

VU =472.8 KN < Vc=791.5 KN

(Safe against punching shear).

So, the thickness (40 cm) is adequate .

Step7: Obtain the maximum value of both positive and negative moments in each
strip in both directions(x and y) per unit width (i.e. ...

M '=

M
B 1 ).

Step8: (Design) finally determine the steel area per unit width for positive and
negative reinforcement in x and y directions.

Check for one way shear ( beam shear) :

At the central column:


Pu=1.2 ( Pd ) +1.6 ( Pl ) =502 Kn
d=40050

Vc=

14
=343 mm
2

1
0.751
f c' bw d=
245000343103=1050.2 KN

6
6

Vuat distance d of column


x=21.950.9855+0.175+0.343= 11.49m

W ( x )=W ( 11.49 )=70.535=352.65 Kn/m

Vu=502

(352.65+352.65)
(21.9511.49)=472.84 Kn
2

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