PROJECT

ON

Export Process of Dyeing Cloth

Presented By:

Muhammad Umair

(2008-Ag-370)

Shoaib Nasir

Abdurehman Nadeem

Presented To:

Department of Business management Sciences,

University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad.
Date Of Submission: 14-12-2009
 Acknowledgment
With pen in our hand, We pause to think that what worlds do justice to express my thanks to
ALMIGHTY ALLAH the Omnipotent, the Omnipotent, the Merciful and the Beneficent who is the only
source of all knowledge and Wisdom for mankind. His bounteous blessing that flourish our thoughts,
thrived my ambitions and modest efforts in the form of this write up and made this material contribution
towards the deep ocean of scientific knowledge existing.

We offer my humblest thanks from the deepest core of our heart to the HOLY PROPHET
MUHAMMAD (P.B.U.H.) who enlightened the souls of mankind with the spirit of Islam and directed
them to acquired knowledge, where it was.

We deem it great honor to offer our heartiest worthy supervisor Mr. for his useful suggestion, inspiring
guidance and consistence encouragement without which this work would never have been materialized.

We also pay regards to Ali Hasnain Ahmad, Farraukh Shazad, for their sympathetic attitude and endless
cooperation during our project.

Our expression of our feeling of gratitude will not be completed without mention of our parents,
brothers and sisters (May God Keep them Smiling).No acknowledgement could ever adequately express
my obligations to all those who taught me even one word in our life.

Muhammad Umair

Shoaib Nasir

Abdurehman Nadeem
 Dedication

These efforts by us are

dedicated to our beloved parents
who have done much for us.
What we do not deserve. May
God provide us the opportunity
to serve them as much as
possible!
Table of Contents
 Flow Chat of Basic dyeing process
Pre-Treatment

Singeing

Bleaching

Mercerising

Dyeing

On 100% cotton fabric

Reactive dyeing

Washing

On 100% polyester fabrics

Disperse dyeing.

On poly cotton fabrics

Post-Treatment

Chemical finishing on stenter machine

Mechanical finishing on calendar machine

 Optimising Quality and cost of Dyeing Fabric
1. Summary

For the finishing of fabric,, meeting technical specifications is a minor issue, compared to reaching the
cost target .today ,fabric is manufactured in large production lots and double width, up to 3400 mm the
wide, in Pakistan. The market demands production lines with high speed and high operational reliability.
A major problem is the crease-free processing of wide width materials. This requires solution in machine
contraction details. In recent year, company has equipped whole manufacturing plant for the finishing of
fabrics, with the following range:

BEN-BLEACH for contribution pretreatment, consisting of de-sizing and bleaching

BEN-DIMENSA for mercerizing

EN-COLOUR-PAD DRY and Pad STEAM dyeing ranges

2. Introduction

Fabrics are clearly defined to meet the customers’ demands. For the finishing of these materials the
following requirements must be met:

Technical fabrics requirements

Working width 2800-3200 mm (in exceptional cases up to 3400 mm)

Weight 120-180 g/m2

Fabrics construction: mostly plain and satin weave (incl. satin stripe)

Fibre composition: 100% CO, PES

tringent requirement regarding degree of whiteness

Mostly pastel colours

Pigment printing

For special application, resistance to chemicking is required

Easy-care (increasingly, non –iron is also required

Commercial requirements

Apart from printed materials, there is only a small potential for differentiation with fabrics. There
fore, price is important criterion for sale. High production speeds (100-140/m), combined with low –
 cost finishing process bring competitive advantages, hence, continuous dyeing process frequently use
single step dyeing methods.

Due to high production quantities it is important to make the finishing process as continuous as
possible, as semi continuous process steps would generate additional, undesirable logistics and
planning work.

3. Machine concept

3.1. Pretreatment:

The old dyer’s adage “good pretreatment makes a dyer’s life”, also applies to the finishing of fabrics.
During the first wet finishing process crease.-free running must be ensured at ensured at high production
speeds, in spite of differences in tensions (e.g. flapping edges) caused by the weaving process and ,
uncontrolled fabric shrinking. A good pretreatment shows no residual size and no husks, furthermore, the
so –treated fabric provides a good absorbency as well as high degree of whiteness. Fabric can be de-sized
in a fully continuous process directly after singing. The advantage of this method (compared to KKV de-
sizing offers the option of size recovery and/or water recycling. the worldwide water shortage is, of
course, also affecting textile finishing plants- making it all the more important to reuse this precious
resource.

Bleaching is carried out in a combined scouring and bleaching process. Of course, this process is
continuous, without interim drying after the de-sizing process. With the company‘s impregnation unit, it
is possible, even at high running speeds, to get the required chemicals and additives into the core of the
fiber. The subsequent reaction process is carried out in combination streamers under saturated steam
conditions. In the combination streamers, the material is first guided and later plated onto a roller bed:
delicate article can also run with 100% tight-strand fabrics guiding.

3.2 Mercerising

Lustre and improved dimensional stability are very important. An increase in dyes-tuff yield is not
necessarily a major criterion for fabrics, as it is often sold in full white, in pastel shades, or as pigment
print. However, there are huge cost advantages, if the width stabilization during the mercerization avoids
an additional stenter frame procedures before further processing: with the company, the finishing width is
stabilized on the integrated stenter frame field.As Double-width fabrics have to stretch more than narrow-
width materials,

3.3 dyeing

As mentioned before, the main colour requirements for bed sheeting are pastel shades. Apart from
reactive dyestuff, certain colour nuances can also be dyed with pure pigment dyestuff and/or vat pigments
in a hot flue, simply and cost –effectively. When using reactive dyestuff for lighter colour shades, the
PAD STEAM DIRECT dyeing method is also frequently used. With this method, can be omitted. Other
option is PAD HUMIDITY FIX Method or the PAD Thermofix method.however, neither of these two
processes will bring any significantly cost benefits. Firm can supply the full range . when dyeing wide
materials, applying dyestuff evenly can de quite challenging, particularly with single-step dyeing
methods, it is important that there is rapid liquor exchange with no dead zone and partilally hydrolysed
reactive dyestuff. When using reactive dyes with the BICOFOLEX padder , the dying bath is mixed “just
in time” with multi-component inductive doing(usually in a 4:1 ratio,dyestuff to chemicals), including
cooling of the dyestuff. Pressures setting monitor the pickup across the full fabrics width and, if required,
also control and adjust the liquor application continuously, if a high chorine fastness is required, fabrics
are dyed with PAD DRY STREAM method, using vat dyes. Depending on fabrics quality, firm have
managed, in some special case, to achieve vat dying, wet in wet , on the PAD STREAM dyeing range.

3.4 Special requirements for the finishing of satin stripe

Continuous open width processes of stain strip require special solutions in machine construction details,
particularly at high production speeds. Of particular importance is fabric run during the pretreatment.
During the washing processing any differences in tension must be avoided. A modified EXTRACTA-
wash box (shorter fabrics run between guiding elements, small module dimensions) ensures perfect
fabrics runs. Each fabric loop is driven by an AC motor which prevent uncontrolled fabric tension build-
up. To optimise the fabrics run, additional scroll rollers are integrated in the washing compartment.
Bleaching can usually be carried out continuously. The guided fabric zone, which is used for even heating
across the width driven scroll roller, enables a crease-free fabrics run stain strip. For the standard
products, the fabrics run can be changed automatically to bypass the scroll roller.

After mercerising, the strip stain is sufficient stabilized, so that further processing on continuous dyeing
range should be problem-free. However, the material should still be processed with controlled tension.

Dyeing strip satin on a hot flue is straightforward. It is recommended, however, that the hot flue is
operated in line with the PAD STEAM dyeing range, as any winding process can be positional risk with
Stain stripe.
Rule & Regulation
The reach system, regulations and Constraints.

The Product shipped as well as side product shipped such as Lay Outs Labels, Bags, Packing etc are
manufactured with substances and Chemicals Products compliant and in accordingly with the Reach
System, Regulation and Constraints.

To inform the applicant of the existence or use of one or several of the 15 Substance considered
dangerous or of Concern SVHC. Substance of very High Concern in the Product shipped whether used
the manufacturing, The Finishing, The Labelling Or the Packing.

2. For UK Shipment we Confirm that Fabric Do No Contain Any Fugitive Color

3. Okotex Certificate (Include that fabric is not harm For the Body)
 Requirement for Pakistani Exporter

Exporter must have NTN Number

Exporter must have Current A/C in Pakistani Bank\

Exporter must have Member of

Chamber of Commerce

Pakistan Textile Association

Exporter must have Registration of “Trade Development Authority of Pakistan”

Take the order and manufacturing the GOODS. When GOODS manufactured then below three
documents and GOODS hand over to shipping Agent. Agent all these things give Shipping Company.

Custom Invoice

E-From

Goods Declaration Form

When sea sailed then shipping line issued bill of Leding

Now seller prepare the

1. Bill of exchange
2. Commercial Invoice
3. Packing list
4. GSP Form
5. Certificate of origin which is issued by chamber of Commerce
Forward to buyer for payment
.