Experiment No.

14Acid/Base Titrations
By: Magaly Martinez
General Chemistry 1412 P01
South Texas College
Fall 2014
For: Dr. Joe Studer

Objective:

An unknown acid (either a sample of vinegar or an acid salt ) will be

analyzed by the process of titration, using a standard sodium hydroxide
solution.

Procedure:

A. Preparation of Burets and Pipet

For precise quantitative work, volumetric glassware must be
scrupulously clean. Rinse the burets and the pipet with distilled water to
see if they are clean
B. Preparation of the Sodium Hydroxide Solution.
Clean and rinse the 1-L bottle and stopper. Label the bottle Approx. 0.1
M NaOH. Put about 500 mL of distilled water into the bottle. Transfer
approximately 4 grams of sodium hydroxide pellets to the 1-L . Stopper
and shake the bottle to dissolve the pellets. Add additional distilled
water to the bottle until the water level is approximately 1 inch from the
top. This sodium hydroxide solution is the titrant for the analyses to
follow. Set up one of the burets in the buret clamp. See picture 14-1.
Rinse and fill the buret with the sodium hydroxide solution.
C. Standardization of The Sodium Hydroxide Solution
Clean and dry a small beaker. Pour a few grams of KHP into the beaker.
Clean 3 250-mL flasks, and rinse them with distilled water. Weigh three
samples of KHP between 0.6 and 0.8, one for each flask. Record the
exact weight. Add 100 mL of water to KHP sample 1, and 2-3 drops of
phenolphthalein indicator solution. Record the initial reading of the NaOH
solution in the buret to the nearest 0.2 mL. Begin adding NaOH solution
from the buret to the sample in the Erlenmeyer flask, swirling the flask
constantly during the addition. The titration should require at least 20
mL of NaOH solution causes a permanent pale pink color that does not
fade on swirling .One single drop of NaOH causes a permanent pale pink
color. Repeat the titration of the remaining KHP samples.
D. Analysis of the Unknown Acid Sample.
Vinegar is a dilute solution of acetic acid and can be effectively titrated
with NaOH using the phenolphthalein endpoint. Obtain a 20 30 mL of
the unknown vinegar solution, and record the code number of the
sample 1, 2, and 3. Using rubber safety bulb to provide suction, rinse the
5 mL pipet with small portions of the vinegar solution and discard the
rinsing. Add 100 mL of distilled water to each flask, 5 mL of vinegar and
2 or 3 drops of phenolphthalein in solution. Refill the buret with NaOH
solution and record the initial reading of the buret. Titrate sample 1 of
vinegar in the same manner as in the standardization until one drop of
NaOh causes the appearance of a pale pink color. Record and repeat the
titration.

Data Tables:
Sample 1
Weight of KHP
taken
Initial NOH
buret reading
Final NaOH
buret treading
Volume NaOH
used
Moles KHP
present
Molarity of
NaOH solution
Mean Molarity
Average
deviation

Sample 2

Sample 3

.844

.700

.740

.02

.02

24.1

16.3

16.8

23.9

16.1

16.6

0.0041

.0034

0.036

.000, .38 M

.008, 27 M

.008, 65 M

8.43 x 10 -3
.0014

Analysis of Vinegar Solutions:

Sample 1
Initial NaOH
buret reading
Volume NaOH
used
Quantity of
Vinegar Taken
Final NaOH
buret reading
Molarity of
vinegar
Mean Molarity
of Vinegar
Average
Deviation
% by Mass

Sample 2

Sample 3

25.6

31.4

25.1

5 mL

5 mL

5 mL

25.6

31.4

25.1

3.28 M

2.68 M
3.10 M
.28 M deviation
10%

3.35 M

Acetic Acid
Present

Calculations:
Calculate moles:
Divide the mass of KHP by its molar Mass
Mols= Mass of KHP/ Molar Mass
=8.44/204.2
=.0041 moles of KHP
Calculate the Concentration of NaOH:
Divide the moles by the volume to find the Molarity.
M= mols / Volume
M= 0.0041/ (23.9mL+25mL)/1000
M= 0.00838
Calculate mean and average deviation.
Mean Value: Add up all the numbers, then divide by how many numbers
there are.
=(.00838+.00827+.00865)/ 3
=.00843 M
Average Deviation:
Find the difference between each value and the mean, then divide by 3.
= (0.5+.16+.22)/3
=.0014 M deviation
Calculate Molarity:
Divide the mols of Vinegar by the amount in Liters of the solution.
M= mols/ Liters of solution
M= .0841 mol /.0258 L
M= 3.28 M
Calculate the average deviation :
Find the difference between each value, and the mean, then divide by 3
= (.18 + .6 + .07)/3
= .28 M deviation
Mass %:
Divide the mass of Acetic acid bt the mass of vinegar then multiply by
100
= (Mass of Acetic Acid/ Mass of Vinegar) x 100
= (.506 g / 5.01 g) x 100
= 10.0 %

Conclusion:

The acid base titration provides key insights into the behavior of both
acid and the base in their equilibrium with each other and with water. It
was observed that when a strong acid and a strong base react with each
other in equivalent concentrations the pH of the solution is neutral. (1:1)
We got a mean molarity of vinegar of 3.10 and 10% of mass of the acetic
acid in the solution.