CHAPTER 1.

VECTOR ANALYSIS AND MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN INTEGRAL FORM

and OP.OQ = loPlloQlcos?

.'. cos9 = cosdcosc[, + cosBcospr + cosTcosTr

t.2

(a) B=QP

oP = QP+OQ

.'.8 = QP = OP-OQ
= [-/a]
|
^ + ^za")-\zax \ t^ +41, +Jaz/
\

= -2^,- 3a, -a.

(b) Assume the smaller angle between A and B is 9. The magnirude of projection of B on
is lBlcos0.

... A B = lAllBlcoso

A'B (a, +za. -:a.X-za, -:a" -a.)

.'. 'h, ^ = --:---
|II|COSU =
tAl t'^l .,!I'+2' -t(-3)r
t.(-2) +2.(-3) + (-3)(-1)
114
-5
= --
414
= -t.336
-
(c) cosg=ry= -1.336
+(-3)'z+(-1)2
"lt-zl'
.'. 0 = 110.9"
-
 (d)

| ' a.. a,'l

la-
' I

AxB = lt 3l 2
lr
l-2 -3 -ll
= (-2 -9)a,+(6+ 1)a, + (-3 + 4)a,
= -1la" +7ar+a,
lA x Bl = Jl l' +7\ l' = 13.017
t B,
.'. unit vector = ,A r
= -0.841a + 0.535a) + 0.0765a
lAxBl
1.3 Atx= l,y=).,7={
*4a +12a
.4.=ar_lz

A ar,yz+4a +l2a
unit vector r._.------i
IAI
l^-l "ll" +4'+12'
= 0.0788arlz+03152a +0.9457a

L4 Atx=2,y=3
A = 3aryz+2a +3a

B=4a +4a
(a) A. B = (3x 4) + (2x 4)+ (3 x0) = 20

(b)
AB
^=:-:---:
COSU = = 0.7538
lAllBl

.'. I = 41.08"

(c) The projection of B along the direction of A is l8lcos0

lBlcosg = ^[4' + 4t .0.7538 = 4.264

1.5 If A, B, and C are perpendicular to each other, then

A.B=0 B.C=O A.C=0
 CHAPTERI.vEcToRANALYSISANDMAXWELL'SEQUATIoNSININTEGRALFORM

A'C (su, * za, + :a.)' (r a + cra, +

= " ^ ")
15+29+3 =0

+ cr= -9

A'B = (sa,+zrr+:a.)'(4., * Zar+ B,a,)

58,+418,=O

B.C (4u, * 2rr+ B,a,)'(r., - 9a, + a.)

34-18*8,=Q
+ B, = l4'5
B' = -25'5

1.6 (a)
u' u'l

l'lo 2r 'l
lu'
BxC =
6l
= (6 - 6)a, + (-12)a, +4a

= -l2ar+ 4a,

unit vector =
ffi =-ffi = -g'95a'+ 0'3 16a'

(b) Area = lBx Cl = "J12' + 42 = 12'65

t.'7 (a) If the two vectors are parallel, then A x B = 0'

 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS AND MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN INTEGRAL FORM

(b) If A and B are perpendicular to each other, then A 'B = 0.

A.B = t1 x (-1)l + (b x3)+ [c x (-8)] = Q

.'. 3b-8c=l or
, l+8c
J

l.l2 (a) A = x2 yN, + y2 za, + x2 znz

x = pcosQ

y - psinf

.'. A, = p3 cos2 @sin p

A, = p2zsinz P

A, = p'zcos'q

Ao = A*cos@ + A sin@ - p'cos3 QsinQ + p2zsinj Q

AQ = -A,sin@ + A, cos@ - -p3 sint Qcos2 Q + pzzsinz QcosQ

A,- P2zcos'Q

.'. A Aour* Arar* A,a,

(p'"or'@sin@ + p2zsin3 O)"0+(o' sin'@cos2 Q + p2zsinz $cosQ)ao+ p'zcos' pa,

(b)
x = rsin0cos@

y - rsin0sin@

z = rcosO

.'. A" = 13 sin3 g cos' P sin @

A, = 13 sin2 9cosOsin2 @

A, = 13 sin2 gcosgcos'@

:.A A sinOcos@+ Arsin0sinP + A cos0

13 sin2 g(sin2 9cos3 Psinp + sinOcosgsin3 p + cos2
gcos'p)
1.13

fl1 a0

Og ae
a0

Oe

L = 2a', + a', -3a1, B=-aru9

+3a^+2a

a'^ = -ar
A,, = a^

a.I
^;=
.'. A - 2ar-a,-3a, =-&fvot2a^-32

la. aa a"l
n*n=l-r ; -;l = 13a rdA+5a^-a.

['3zl
1 1A
l.l1

AT= 0T-0A BT= 91-33

.'. AT=3ar +5aI +5az - bu

\ y
*a zl)=3ar +3a) +4a z

BT=3ax +5ay + Sai -(a

\ r
+ayl)= 2ar +4at +5a z
l0 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS AND MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS IN INTEGRAL FORM

Unit vector:

AT --#
3a-+3a,.+4a-
l45av-t- 0.686a
- = :--- l45a
a = 0'5 +'0.5
-Ar =
lATl ^!3, +32 +4, ' z

A BT 2a-+4a..+5a-
-Br=----+=0.298a
lBTl + 42 + 5'
x+0.596ar +0.745a z

^12,

bn, = T;; a
ry'ff'an
_toooldLl
? t
= +0'5145a' +0'686a')
;T;rr-'
36tt
*^'(o'st+su'
= 0.409 x 10ea, + 0.409 x 10ea, + 0.545 x l0ea.

Eu" = T;;m'^,, O,

I
= i : .(o.zesu,+0.596ar+0.745a,)
+tt;.-xl0-'x45
= o.otl3!^10ea + o.rlgzxl0ea +0.149x10ea-

.'. E,o*t= En, * E"t = 0'4; x 10e a, + 0'52; 10ea, + o'ega * ton
^,

(t.o x to-'n)'
1.15 lFl= =2.304x 10-8N
4o * -J-x lo-e x (t\ o-'o;'
36n
1.16

AP = 0P - 0A = (2.5 - l)a, * 2a, = 1.5a, + 2a,

BP = 0P - 0B = (2.5 - 4)a, + 2a, = -1.5a, + 2a,