Grade:

Date: April 29, 2009

Physics 211L
RLC circuits
Name: Ali Alawieh

Section number: 5

Partners Name: Fatimah BuhilaigahInstructor: Lamis Zaidouny

Using the LRC meter measure the values of L and C:
C=

4.744 nF

L= 49.71 mH

Calculate the resonance frequency from eq(3):

1
1
f res res

10.36 KHz

2
2 LC 2 49.71 10 3 4.744 10 9
A- Determination of the resonant frequency of an RLC circuit:
i- DRB at 300
Vin=10.0V (peak-to-peak)
Note that Vin decreses slightly around resonance. You must adjust Vin to 10.0 V at
every measurement
Frequency (Hz)
fres 7.0 kHz
fres 5.0 kHz
fres 3.5 kHz
fres 2.5 kHz
fres 2.0 kHz
fres 1.5kHz
fres 1.2 kHz
fres0.9 kHz
fres0.6 kHz
fres0.4 kHz
fres 0.2 kHz
fres
fres + 0.2 kHz
fres + 0.4 kHz
fres + 0.6kHz
fres+ 0.9 kHz
fres+ 1.2 kHz
fres+ 1.5 kHz
fres+ 2.0 kHz
fres+ 2.5 kHz
fres+ 3.5 kHz
fres+ 5.0kHz
fres+ 7.0 kHz

Frequency (KHz)
3.359
5.377
6.894
7.319
8.400
8.852
9.164
9.454
9.743
9.945
10.151
10.364
10.562
10.772
10.966
11.238
11.570
11.867
12.324
12.564
13.861
15.385
17.317

Vout (V)
0.45
0.8
1.35
2
2.7
3.4
4.25
5.2
6.2
6.4
6.5
6
5.4
4.4
4.35
3.7
3.2
2.8
2.6
2.2
1.6
1.15
0.5

Plot the graph of Vout versus frequency. From the graph, find the frequncies f + and
f - at which Vout becomes 0.707 of its resonance value.
7
6
5
4
Vout (V)
0.7 Voutmax

3
2
1
0
2

10

12

14

16

18

20

.
f+ and f- occur at V=0.7 Vout = 0.7 x 6.6 = 4.62 V, ths
f+

10650 Hz

f-

9310 Hz

Qmeasured

7.73

res
2f
2f res
res

2F 2f

Qmeasured

f res

Since Q = f f

Q
f res
f res

1
Q
f res

f f

1
10650 9310

f res

f res
f f

10364
7.73
10650 9310

Q

f

f
2

10364

10650 9310

f res

10364

10650 9310

8. 10 3
Qmeasured 7.734 0.008
Measure the resistance of the inductor, R L, and calculate Q, using equation 6 in the
manual, where R is the total resistance in the circuit.
RL = 118 .
L = 49.71 mH
R= RL + 300 = 411
Q calculated

res L 2f res L 2 10364 49.71 10 3

7.744
R
R
418
2

How do the calculated and measured values of Q compare?

Q calculated lies within two errors of the Q measured so we can say that the two
values are very close and the measurements were accurate where the calculated
value is slightly larger than the mesured one.
Since, Qcalculated 7.744 7.718 , 7.750
Qcalculated belongs to [Qmeasured 2, Qmeasured + 2]

ii- DRB at 10
Frequency (Hz)
fres 7.0 kHz
fres 5.0 kHz
fres 3.5 kHz
fres 2.5 kHz
fres 2.0 kHz
fres 1.5kHz
fres 1.2 kHz
fres0.9 kHz
fres0.6 kHz
fres 0.4 kHz
fres - 0.2 kHz
fres
fres + 0.2 kHz
fres + 0.4 kHz
fres + 0.6kHz
fres+ 0.9 kHz
fres+ 1.2 kHz
fres+ 1.5 kHz
fres+ 2.0 kHz

Vin=10.0V (peak-to-peak)
Frequency (Hz)
4.855
5.394
6.950
7.882
8.392
8.875
9.175
9.455
9.863
9.970
10.138
10.368
10.486
10.631
10.921
11.227
11.584
11.825
12.364

Vout (V)
0.16
0.26
0.6
0.8
1.2
1.5
2
2.8
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
3.2
2.8
2.1
1.6
0.7
0.6
0.5

Plot the graph of Vout versus frequency. From the graph, find the frequncies f + and
f
at
which
Vout
becomes
0.707
of
its
resonance
value.
6
5
4
Vout

0.7 Vout (max)

2
1
0
4

10

11

12

13

f+ and f- occur at V=0.7 Vout = 0.7 x 5.3 = 3.71 V, ths

f+

10420 Hz

f-

9515 Hz

Qmeasured

10.58

res
2f
2f res
res

2F 2f

Qmeasured

f res

Since Q = f f

Q
f res
f res

1
Q
f res

f f

1
10230 9790

f res

f res
f f

10368
23.56
10230 9790

Q

f

f
2

10368

1
2
10230 9790

f
2

f res

10368

1
2
10230 9790

0.08
Qmeasured 23.56 0.08
Measure the resistance of the inductor, R L, and calculate Q, using equation 6 in the
manual, where R is the total resistance in the circuit.
RL = 118 .
L = 49.71 mH
R= RL + 10 = 128
Q calculated

res L 2f res L 2 10368 49.71 10 3

25.3
R
R
128
4

How do the measured and calculated values of Q compare?

Q calculated doesnt lie within two errors of the Q measured so we can say that the
two values are not close and the measurements were accurate where the calculated
value is quite larger than the mesured one.
Since, Qcalculated 25.3 23.40 , 23.72
Qcalculated doesnt belong to [Qmeasured 2, Qmeasured + 2]
Questions and Analysis
Compare the two Vout versus frequency graphs and comment.

The resonance frequency in the two graphs is the same that is 10364 Hz since its independent
of R but rather it depends on L and C where :

f res

1
2 LC
Q calculated

res L
R ), so when we decreased R from

Q is inversly proportional to R (
300 ohm to 10 ohm, the value of Q increased from 7.7 to 25.3 this indicates the
significance of the broader spread of the curve (r 2 =10 < r1 =300 , so Q1 < Q2) . first
graph is sharper with small Q and the second is broader with larger Q.
Maximum value of Vout (Vres) decreased when changed 300 to 10 ohm this can be
explained by the fact that U and R are directly proportional via ohms law : U=RI

B- Phase measurements using lissajoux figures:

DRB at 300 :
Find the phase angle between V in and Vout by measuring A and D for the following
frequencies and calculate the phase difference using the measured values of L and
C:
Frequency (Hz)
fres 4kHz =
6364
fres 1kHz =
9364
fres = 10364
fres + 1kHz =
11364
fres + 4kHz =
14364

2D

2A

XL

XC

= sin1
(D/A)

(from eq.4)

|calculated- measured|

0.1

0.5

1986

5274

11.5

-82.75

94.25

0.8

2923

3584

53.13

-1.58

54.71

0.1

1.35

3235

3238

4.25

-0.01

4.26

0.35

1.25

3547

2953

16.26

1.42

14.84

0.1

4484

2336

5.74

5.13

0.61

R 300 118 418 ; L 49.71 mH ; C 4.744 nF

X L L 2fL 0.099 f
XC

1
1
1
1

9
C 2fC 2 4.744 10
f
X L XC

tan 1

How do the measure and calculated phase differences compare?

According to the last column of the preceding table, we find that there is a great
difference between the value of phase difference calculated and measured that can
reach 94 degrees which is quite high that is due to mainly systematic and/or random
errors in the experiments. However, at some points the difference was too small (0.16
degrees). This is a significance of an error in the experiment or in the measuring
process in addition to other random errors.