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he daily silndi
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5 CASESTUDIESreflecting
real-lifebusiness
scenarios
3fr?;B:sr"
BACK-OF-BOOK
MATERIAL:
3
CaseStudiesGlossary
&
Listening
Scripts
with usefulphrases
from the
LanguageLinksPhraseBanksin bold
:_ Additionalmaterialfor communicative
activities
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* Interactiveg rammar and vocabulary activities
* Interactiveglossary
Downloadable
Student's
Bookaudio
* Downloadable
Student's
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Banks
6
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WEBSITE:
materialavailableat: www.businessenglishonline.net
Courseupdates,regulare-lessons
and supplementary
Unit
Communication skills
Language links
Reading
Description
of Facebook
F a c e b o opka g e
Listening
Introductions
at a trainingcourse
Companp
y rofile
yourwork,
VocabularyDescribing
p6
M a k i n ga p r e s e n t a t i oanb o u ty o u r s e l f
A s k i n gt o r p e r s o n ai nl f o r m a t i o n
Discussing
socialnetworkingsites
Discussing
ideasfor start-ups
p13
D i s c u s s i nbgl o g s
A s k i n ga b o u tw o r k r o u t r n e s
r rfee x e r L . e
C o - p l e t r n ag q u e s t i o r n a o
Discussrng
exercise
and waysto relax
Reading
Blogdescription
of a typicalday
Articleaboutexercise
and lrfestyle
Listening
Conversatio
an
b o u ts o m e o n e n' se wj o b
V o c a b u l a r yD i s c u s s i nagn d
e x p r e s s i nogp i n i o n ,
Jobs
GrammarExpressing
frequency
Phrasebank Discussing
ideas
U s i n gt e l e p h o nsek i l l s
Discussing
teiephonefrusirations
Telephoning
for information
Reading
A f t i c l ea b o u tt e i e p h o n sek i l { s
Listening
Diiferentwaysof sayingnumbers
A p o l o g i s i nogn t h e p h o n e
Conversatio
an
b o u ta n o r d e r
VocabularyTelephone
language,
Numbers
Grammar Indirectquestrons
Phrasebank Telephoning
Makingconversation
with new people
T a l k i n ag b o u to t h e rp e o p l e
Listening
Conversations
with new people
Reading
A r t r c l ea b o u tI n t e r n eut s ea t w o r k
Listening
E x p l a n a t i oonf c o m p a n y I' sn t e r n eut s ep o l i c y
p30
C o m p l e t l nag q u i za b o u tt h e hj s t o r yo f t h e
lnternet
personalexperience
Discussrng
oi lnternet
M a k i n ga p r e s e n t a t i oanb o u ta c o m p a n y s
Ars[o.y
Reading
T i m e l i nd
e e s c r i b i nhgi s t o r yo { N i n t e n d o
A r t i c l ea b o u t h e b i r t ho f t h e l n t e r n e t
Listening
Documentary
on the historyof the lnternet
VocabularyTimeexpressions,
Business
verbs
G r a m m a rP a sS
t imple
Phrasebank Talkingaboutthe past
^?7
D i s c u s s i nt hge i m p o r t a n coef g r a m m a r
Makrngon-the-spotdecislons
Grving
a n d r e c e i v i ndge t a i l a
s b o u ta n i m p o r t a n t
order
C o m p l a i n i nagb o u te r r o r si n a n o r d e r
Reading
A r t i c l ea b o u tg r a m m alrn b u s i n e s s
corresponoence
E - m a i lasb o u ta n o r d e r
Listening
e e p l o n ec o n v e ' s a l r oalb o u ra " m p o L a n r
order
VocabularyBusiness
communrcatton,
P u n c t u a t i oann ds p e l l i n g
Grammarwrlifor unpianned
decisions
Phrasebank Dealingwith
correspondence
p44
M a k i n ga r d ' e s o o n dr g t o s p e ( i arle q u e \ t s
Discussing
hotelrooms
M a k i n gc o r n p a r i s o n s
Discussing
the prosand consof differentoffice
locatrons
Reading
C o m m e n tasb o u th o t e l s
ArticleaboutYotels
Listening
Conversation
at arrportcheck-tn
Conversation
at hotelreception
VocabularyTraveland
accommooatl0n
G r a m m a rC o m p a r a t i v ae ns d
superlatives
Phrasebank Traveland
accomodation
Tellingan anecdote
Usingdid for emphasrs
Listening
An anecdoteabouta journey
Discussrn
hq
o n t o d e a lw i ' f a m a l o -p . o b l e m
Reading
A r t i c l et b o u t a c o m p a n yt' sr o u b l e s
Listening
Intervew with con'lpany
representatives
Describing
changein a countryof company
Completinga repoftabouta company
E x c h a n g i ni ngf o r m a t i oanb o u ta c o m p a n y
Reading
A r t r c l easb o r t t w o s u c e
c s s ' uc, o r p a r i e 5
B u s i n e sBsn e f i n gI:n d i t e x
Listening
Radioprogrammeaboutentrepreneurs
VocabularyBusiness
achievements,
Language
to describe
change
Grammar PresentPerfect
Phrasebank Talkingabout business
achrevements
l-)i<rL,<<inn tho
Reading
Articleaboutstressat work
Listening
Peopletalkingaboutstressat work
Reading
Timelinedescribing
historyof Nokra
Repodaboutsomeone's
career
Listening
Documentary
aboutthe founderso{ YouTube
P h o n ec a l lf r o ma h e a d h u n t e r
VocabularyMoney,
Compann
y ews
GrammarPresentPerfectfor
unfinishedpast,for and snce
Phrasebank N,4oney
and company
background
p19
'..
GrammarPresentSimple,
P r e s e nCt o n t i n u o u s
yourwork
Phrasebank Describing
t*1,-..ra
p28
p54
p5b
p53
.r,
,(a(
^f
<i.a<<
Companngdifierentlobs
Askingaboutsomeones responsibilitres
and
dutresat work
Writinga consultantsreporton a company
Findino
g u t m o r ei n f o r m a t i oanb o u ts o m e o n e
Writinga report
p70
ommunication skills
Language links
D e c i d i nw
g h a t s t a f fa p p r a r s sacl h e m e
to
rmplement
p80
:
p8Z
mAA+i.^
h,, rhrnro
Reading
B l o g sd i s c u s s i nsgt a f fa p p r a i s a l
Listening
Explanatron
of staffappraisal
scheme
Discussing
travel Reading
the dos and don'tsof business
Articleaboutcomfortableair travel
Negotiatingskills
Articleaboutcut-pricebusiness
travel
Listening
Conversations
at check-in
VocabularyNegotiating,
Air travel
G r a m m a rC o n d i t i o n awl si t h w i l
Phrasebank Air travel
Discussing
when sackingis justified
Writinga letterof application
Askingfor clarification
Discussing
labourlawsand industrialaciion
V o c a b u l a r yA s k i n gt 6 ' c l a r i f i c a t i o r ,
Procedures
GrammarThe passive
Phrasebank Askingfor clarific;tion
Reading
Articleaboutsomeonebeingfired
CV
Listening
Peopletalkingabout applyingfor a newjob
Job interview
Reading
D i s c u s s i nt igm em a n a g e m e n t
A s k i n ga n da n s w e r i nagb o u tt i m em a n a g e m e n l Articleaboutworkrngwithout clocks
Listening
tecnnrques
A conversation
about a delayedpro.iect
T a l k i n ag b o u td e c i s i o nasn dp l a n s
A talk on time management
p95
Askingfor favours
'no'tactfully
Saying
I l-i^^ ^^li+^ l^^^,,-^^
u),, ,9 PU'rL< 'ar '9ud9e
VocabularyTimecollocations,
W o r k i n gc o n d i t i o n s
Grammar going to, going tovswll
P h r a s eb a n k P , e s e ^ t a t i o er asl,k i n g
abouttrme
Listening
with a refusedrequest
A conversation
promiseand
to persuade,
Conversations
threaten
Peoplemakingspecialrequests
Discussing
how to restructure
a company
Reading
Articleaboutcompanystructure
Reportinggossip
Discussing
the prosand consof gossipat work
D i s c u s s i rogf f i c ep o l i c ya b o . - g
r to s s ' p
Reading
A n i c ' ea b o " t a c o m p a n yb a n r ' n gg o s s i p
Postson a forum about officegossip
Listening
Conversario
an
b o L Lc o m p a n g
yossip
RadioInterviewaboutthe importance
of gossip
at work
VocabularyOfficechat
Relationships
at woik
Grammar Reportedspeech,
say and tell
Phrasebank Socialchat
purchase
Discussing
decisions
Discussing
advantages
and disadvaniages
to the overDiscussing
marketinge-commerce
srxtres
Reading
Surveyaboutthe futureof the Internet
Listening
Radiointerviewaboutthe prosand consof
e-commerce
VocabularyDiscussing
advantages
and disadvantages,
S h o p p l nagn dt h e I n t e r n e t
Grammar will for f ururepredictions
and
Phrasebank Advantages
disadvantages
T a l k i n ag b o u rh y p o t h e t i csailt u a t i o . s
D i s c . r s s i rnhgea d v a n r a g easn d d . s a d v a r t a g e s
of teleworking
Discussing
companypolicyaboutteleworking
Reading
Articlqaboutthe riseof e-workers
Articleaboutworkingfrom home
Listening
Conversation
aboutworkingfrom home
People
talkingabouttherrexperiences
of telework
VocabularyTeleworking,
E x p l a i n i nt hgi n g s
G r a m m a rC o n d i t i o n a(lfsu t u r e
reference)
P h r a s eb a n k E x p l a i n i nt hgi n g s
Describing
food
Describing
differentrolesin a job
Usingthe correctbusiness
etiquette
Reading
Arlicleaboutbusiness
etiquettein lapan
Listening
Conversation
at a restaurant
Explanation
of job roles
D r s c u s s ia
nn
g de v a l u a t i ndgi f f e r e not p e r a t i n g
systems
Reading
A r t i c l ea b o u t S r e r n e n sa d o p t i n g a n e w O S
pl04
pto6
pl 13 ;.;1
t"jtttt'
,,,
p120:
pl 3O
: :
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. ,.,:..,,i' .,:,.
coNrENrs
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l : , n r n e e l l l - Ca l a
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r r l i t r
l i : : t
r l l - .
'.
3 Jean-Christopl-re
Marchal has a pageon Facebook.Look at his pageand ansrverthe questions
a What is Jean-Christophe
doing at the nornert?
b Is l-rerrarried?
c Wher-ris his birthdar?
d Where doeshe lir,e?
e What thingsdoeshe enjov doing?
f What are his interests?
g What are l-risfavouriteTV shous?
h What do his friendssar,abouthim?
Jean-Christophe Marchal
Search.
Photos
j e a n - C h r i s t o p hi se:
Networks:
RelationshipStatus:
Birthday:
Profile.
sleeping
None
Married
May 24, 1962
fi,otes
Groups
V lnformation
Events
ContactInfo
Posteditems
e-mail:
Skype:
Mobile:
L a n dP h o n e :
CurrentAddress:
jc_marshal@aqua
luxcom.fr
jc_marshal
674647487
156757575
7, RueRichard-Lenoir,
93100Montreuil-sous-Bois.
PersonalInfo
Activities:
Interests:
FavoriteMusic:
FavoriteTV Shows:
C y c l i n gw, r i t i n g ,r e a d i n ga n d s o c i a l i s i n g .
Video games,theatre,wineColdplay.
CSI,Nip Tuck,PrisonBreak
Eqystrg"
{91ry!r!
EducationInfo
College:
H i g hS c h o o l :
Work lnfa
Employer:
Time Period:
Location:
Universityof Ghent
E c o l eE u r o p 6 e n ndee B r u x e l l e s
Aqualux
January2008- Present
Paris,France
The Wall
. e e,Ail.
D i s p l a y i ntgh e o n l y 2 w a l l p o s t s S
[Write somethingon your own Wall . . . 1
Juiia Maguire(no network) wrote at 9:46pmon July 28th, 2007:
You'reputt:ng on weightl
Discussion
5 Work in groupsand talk about socialnehvorkingsites.Do \iou know of anv other socialnetworking
siteslike Facebook?
Hal'evou joinedanr'?Do vou think thesesitesare usefulfor peoplein business?
What problemsdo r,ou thilik there rnight be li.'ithusing thesesites?
-, rNrRoDUctoNs
CGMPAruYPRGFILE
E s t a b l i s h e di n : 1 9 b ) . . . . . . . . .
Countries where Cobra is produced: the
U K ,c ) . . . .... . . .
Product: d)
level of e) ...
. . . .w. i t h a l o w e r
.,aimed at people
eating Indian food. lt has a premium strength
off)
. .
........%
Annual turnover: g) .....
Growth ratei h) ..........
...
Ien years.
j,
o/oin last
a This rnonth,\\'e
:rt the retail foocltr:rde.
to nrorethan'15corlntiiesri'orldrride,:rnclnor' \\,ith
b Cobra
in Inclia,South.\frica and thc t.lS,....
sLrbsidiaries
C
.... it
a rnainstream,
globalbeerbrancl.
d Cobra Beer
a turnoverof !71 million ;t \,e:tr,...
e The conrpan]
rapidh, n ith a gron'tltrateof 47% in thc last
ten vears.
The cornpalr headquarters
in Fulharri, in solrth-n'est
L o i r d o r tb. r r fi t r r o u
subsicliaries
in hrdi:r,SouthAfric:rand
the US.
I
operationsto rncctthe clemandfor Cobra in the
- ....it
Europeananclri'orldri'icle
market.
c h a i n si n t h e U K -l t i s a l s os o l d i n n e a r l y
p u b sa n d c l u b s .
t
L o c a t i o n : H e d d q u a r t e r isn F u l h a m ,
south-westk) . ....
. )
for thcseans\\'ers.
Write qr:estior-is
5 u b s i d i a r i eisn l ) . . . .
DECI.
L
;
FL
Collocations
6 Use the collocatioris in i to conrplete the scntencesbelon'. You lnav neecl to
c l u L r r g et l r e f o n r r o [ t ] r e r c r b .
a
b
T l r e r L r r er rr e c t ' t t i t i trttgg e t r c[ ro
C i o r r r r rB
r ii a r r t l r i
n hich his faniilr'omrs in
llilan.
He hasthe right qLralifications
for the job, brrt
, ' ' ,' ' ,h e
?
He
rr ork
for a ncs'bnsiness,
bLrtI don't think it r.r'ill
INTRODUCTIO"
Word building
S The riordsin brackcts:rrc111irnportlnt brrsiness
lorcls. L.lsethe correctlbrnr of eachto complctc
the sentcnces.
rt
H i ' t r c n l r t I ' r r 1 1r s i . . t $ r C l l l
. l s u c c c s s t i rt l
VOUR STAR'FUF
tr \\brk n ith a parhrcr. Discnsslour icleasfor lour ot'n start-np(a nen' cornpanr').It can be either
s c r i o u so r h t t n r o r o u sC. o m p l e t et h e ' r o u r s t a r f u p c o l L r n r n
i n t h e t a b l eb e l o n . ' l ' h e nc h a n g ep a r t n e ra n c l
'r
askqucstionsto conipletctltc our pzrrtne
r': rtirrt-up'colrrrrin.
Your start-up
Itfame of company
Pioductorseryici
USP(UnigueSellingPoint)
Locaticin
Mark6
,,, ,'.''
,'
,,
'
CoFrptitie;
INTRODUCTIONS
-,****&,i***
OT *NTRO$UCTI*N5
LANGUAGELINKS
the marketing
Vocabulary
Companies
& the Internet
Complete the sentencesusing the wordsin the box.
b
c
f
g
h
I
r
The company
.....over 2,000workersin
Europe, locatedin four differentfactories.
McDonaldshas . . . .
allovertheworld.
My departmentis ...... . . . . for marketingand
salesin EasternoEurope.
Our company
provides information
about our servicesand products,but we don't sell
anythingonline.
We need more................... to finance our expansion
in China.
The ...: . .. .. .......
. of Nestl6 are in Geneva.
He has an MBA but doeshe have any previous
.. in sales?
For the company to survive,our
. .. . needs
to grow by 2A7' this year.
In my opinion, the BBC has one of the bestwebsites
on the .
They make a
of$4.20 on eachbook
thev sell without anv discounts.
'll
he company is mainly
with food and
drink productsbut alsohas other lines.
Grammar
Present
Simple
Across
2 We are designinga new ...... . . , . .. ... at the
moment.
3 Pleaseadd our site to your
...........
of
favourites.
5 If you give me your address,I can sendyou an
7 A
Ci:\TRODUC=lOrls
Practice
1
Do
Don't
I
you
WC
they
work?
iii
Does
Doesnt
he
she
ir
PresentContinuous
l'm (am)
working
He's(is)
She's(is)
It's(is) '
A
m
Aren't
l'm not
You're(are)
We're (are)
They're(are)
You aren't
We arent
Theyaren't
working
He isn't
Sheisn't
It isnt
ls
lsn't
live
sell think
work
i
j
Practice
2
;;
workins?
tney
'1"
ho
<na
II
get
\/nr I
fl:".,
ao
work?
Thefailureof Fortune500companies
to add womento their corporateleadership
in the lastthreeyearshighlightsa startlinggap betweenrhetoricand reatitVCATALYST
AND TOPEARNERS
CENSUS
OF WOMENCORPORATE
OFFICERS
OFTHEFORTUNE
5OO
TOP EARNERS
1 Look at the quotation abole. \\lhat do r ou knon about Fortune 500?Whv is the ri'riter not happi,?
2 Corrplete the statistics
aboutthe USA usingthe numbersin the box.Comparevour anslvers
r.r,itha
Parrner.
"'
E-4o/o
16.40/o
46.4vo
1.6%
14.7%
of all u,orkersare\\'omen.
of corporateofficers in the Fortune 500 are \\,oinen.
c \Vornenrepresent
oftop earners.
d
of individualsserlingon Boardsof Directorsare\\'onen.
e Hou,errer, onl]
of CEOs in the Fortr,rne500 are \\.orrlen.
a
Fortune 5OO
:::r r t{rn farv
i-,rdred,/the 500.
a r g e s tc o m p a n i e si n
:ne U5
Board of Directors
:r:d :r' da'rektez/
.oun a group of
!ople who control
: company
GEO/ si: l: 'eu/ nburi
:n mo$ Senror
-anager in the
::.npany
::-
_-
: :i-::
::-
Discussion
'fhen
discussthe questions.
a
b
Is the situationsir-nilar
in lour countrr.?
Do 1'outhink this sitr-ration
ri'ill changein the futurc?
:_ anqlsh Drctonary
A d a yi n t h el i f eo f S a l l yM c D e r m o t t
Ue area majortelecomwith operationsin mostof Europeand in
Lrternational
0perations
Manager,
includes
SallyMcDermott,
London,
anda postwith BritisliTet.ror.Stt. speaksSpanish,
Frenchr
Ha5
: = : : ' e o f t e na s km e h o wI m a n a g e
to combinu
e r u a r a r r f r ct a r e ew
r i t hf a m i l
'*: muchsleeplFivehoursis usuallyenough.So by 5.30 I'm up and at my Iaptop,
is that I
onbusiness
th my hu
.
.
..
i::]WOMANATWORK
5 Ur-rderline
ali the phrasesin the blog u{rich sal'hou'oftensourethinghappens.The firstone has
been done for you.
7
Underlinethe correctoption.
Expressing
frequency
I
Add a frequeno'expressiorr
to eachsentenceso that it is true for 1,'ou.
always everyday everyweek hardlyever never not often
often oncea month sometimes twicea year usually
a
b
c
d
e
I
I
I
I
I
go to li'orkb1,car.
get hon-relate.
rvork at tl'reu'eeker-rd.
l-ravea holidai'.
feel bored with rr1, job.
f
g
h
i
j
'Action'
'You'
9 Complete the
and
columr-rsin the chart belon'.Tl-renaskquestionsto completethe
'Your
oartner'column.
You
Yourpartner
onceaweek
BLOGS
I
D i s c r r sl sl r e s eq r r e s t i o rrrisi t l r e p a r [ r r e r .
3 Listen again.As 1'ouiisten, number the phrasesbelou' i1 the order you hear them.
,
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
. woMAN
ArvvoRK
TOP EARNERS
1 Look at the quotation above.\\1hat do lou knot' about Fortrlne i00? Wht' is the u,riter not happv?
tlith a
2 Conplete the statisiics
aboutthe USA usingthe numbersin the box. Corrparet'our ansn'ers
Parrner.
:,1t,
6.qvt
16.40/o
46.40/o
1,60/o
14.7n/o
Fortune 5OO
/ fa'r/r'\rfln
fqrrr
il\ndred,/the 500
l a r g e s tc o m p a n i e si n
the US
Board of Directors
/br:d ev de'rektez/
noun a group of
people who control
a company
CEOl,si: i: sul ioun
the most senior
m a n a g e ri n t h e
company
l:':.itions
Discussion
3
a
b
Is the sitr-ration
similar in r,our countrr'?
Do,vou think tl-rissituationri'ill changein tl-refuture?
ilas
ia thai I
careerwith
Peopleoftenask me how I manageto combinea successful
onbusiness
r e e dm u c hs l e e p F
! i v eh o u r si s u s u a l l e
y n o u g hS. o b y 5 . 3 0 l ' m u p a n da t m y l a p t o p ,
my
my day beginswith breakfastat 8.00,
ande-mailsfrom the previous
day.Socially,
Derel<,
daughte4
l(atie.
and my 15-year-old
the daity
I go to worl<in a taxi which picksme up at 8.30 everyday.0n the way to work I
p a p e r sI .e n j o yh a v i n gt h i st i m et o m y s e laf n ds w i t c ho { f m y m o b i l eI.t n o r m a l l yt a k e s
2 0 m i n u t etso
When
getto the office.My officeis a beautifulroomwith fantasticviewson the top floor of our headquarters.
joinsme andwe go throughanycorrespondence
about
and planthe day.I makedecisions
I arrive,my secretary
appointments
and organisemeetings.
I'm givingup smoking,but I find it difficult.By 9.30,1feel likea cigarette!
I neverhaveoneof coursgas apartfrom anythingelse,thesedayssmokingin the officeis not allowed,evenfor mer
I keepgoingby drinkinga lot of coffeeand rineral water.I usuallyhavea workinglunchin a nearbyrestauranl.
it's nearlyalwaysbaclito the office
in the afternoon,
I try not to eat too muchand neverdrinl<any alcohol.Then
possible
on the phone.I usethe phonewhenever
WhenI'm not in a meeting,I'm constantly
and moremeetings.
because
it's nearlyalwaysquickerthanusinge-mail.Evenif l'm in the office,I preferto usemy mobile.I don't 4r
exceptto my daughter- it's just ioo
knowwhy,it's just a habit I suppose.
I hardlyeversendtext messages,
time-consuming.
I liketo pick l(atieup from schoolwhen I can,but mostdays] work until at least8.00 andthen
for my
are sacredand prettymuchreserved
thereis sometimes
a business
dinnerto go to. Weekends
comesup whichI just can't avoid.
family.I don't oftenhaveto work but occasionally
something
at this stagein life,if
All in all, it's hardworl<but I enjoymy job.Thatis just as well,because
s o m e t h i ni gs n ' tf u n ,I d o n ' td o i t !
G'
=.*
Ii,'WOMANATWORK
-1.:;;1,;.
WHAT'S IN A JOB?
1 e? .*e Two friends meet and
talk aboutsomeone's
new job. Listen
to their conversationand ansrverthe
questions.
a What is the relationshipbetween
E d d i et t h e m a n ) a n d F i o n ai t h e
personwith the neiv job)?
b How doesEddie feel about the new
loDt
2 C o m p l e t et h e d i a l o g u er r s i r r g
tlre
questionsin the box.
3:::ilH:ln
"n,
":??l;:i,'J,,,
{11iti{,;**5:'*',*'
r
*2WOMAN
O'*O*"
,r4--,,;.:*,
WHAT'S IN A JOB?
1 $ :"*+ Two friendsmeet and
new iob. Listen
talk aboutsomeone's
to their conversationand answerthe
questions.
a What is the relationshipbehveen
Eddie (the man) and Fiona (the
personwith the new job)?
b Horv doesEddie feel about the new
loDr
2 Complete the dialogueLrsingthe
questionsin the box.
,,
Doesit involvelonghours?
:;
.:: Doesit meana lot of travelling?
sheenjoyit?
5 Does
Doesshehaveto work weekends?
: Howmuchholidaydoessheget?
. : Whatdoesit involve?
t What'sshedoing?
A
B
A
B
A
r
A
B
A
B
A
B
*: WOMAN
ATWORK
TAKINGTHINGSEASV
1 Do vou take reguiarexercise?
Do r or-rtfrink it's important?Work n.ith a partneranclconrpletethe
questionnaire
belos'.
a Taking
exercise
in thebestsolution
for stress.
: true
. false
SOort
isthekeyto a healthy
andlonglife.
!.
; People
whogetup earlysufferfromstress.
r true
'
true
,l false
: false
teoplewhohavea sleep
during
thedaylivelonger.
true
. false
People
intheir50sneedto save
theirenergy.
true
false
.!
Brisk
walksarethehealthiest
formof exercise.
, true
I false
Underlinetl.rreeerpressior-rs
in tl'rearticlerihich nean to relaxor to rest.
Discussion
5 Discussthe folloriing questionswith other peoplein the c1ass.
a
b
c
cl
- r w o M A N A rw o R K
D o a sa n a u x i l i a r y
LANGUAGELINKS
PhraseBank: Discussingideas
.;l*W1l
what do vouthink about"' ?
,:lllilt:::l:t,:::::a::ri:::
pointof view...
Forexample,
from a (business)
lr.:r:llllr:l::.al.l.l::i..
I don'tthinkthat "
:i:::il::::i:::::::l:::l
"'iir:::::lal.:.:il
Yes,you'reprobablyright,but...
Dovou rearrv
think "' ?
..:tl:l::ill::]:l:l:::::,
r'm
not
sure
about
that'
,:]ati:::i:.::::::airt:.
what do Youmean?
,ri:ri1:i::::::::r.1::,
't:tttltt:ttlilllll::::
Vocabulary
Work& routines
Match the partsof the sentencesbelori'.
Jobs
Phrasal
verbs
T : : q
Con'rbir-re
a verb from box A with a prepositionfrom box B
to con'rpleteeach sentencebelolv.
=.j=-=".=
::-:i:i::l,$;,-,-ti:uil=.i;i:i.*.='+,ii+;=.*+-,t:..
nacharim
a She'sthe chief
officer.
b He'sthe
of the board.
c He doesr-r't
u'ork, he's
d The CEO is the top
.. in the compan1,.
'r
i s i c ep r e s i d e r r t ' .
e Herinb
f It's hard to explain rvhatI do, but I gr,ress
I'rn a sort of
department
g The financial director is a qualified
'sounds
h The job title
more irnportant
'chairrlan'.
than
b i c
litte
::::::i:.=-:-=-=
A
pick switch give go
work
use
.t
B
'=a
a We only
half an hour
lunch.
b You should get sornepractical
asrvell as
She'sin
d Why do
e
. . andfiring
of
departmentshave more
than men?
If you want to be an
, you'll need a
The
throrgh
for
..
up
off
up
up
out
your rnobile
b
e
F
o
r
e
phones
t h e p r e s e r r t a t i obne g i n r .
b After a long da1'at the office. I iike to
. .... at the g,vn beforeI go hon-re.
c I n'ant to
srnokingbecauseI
knor'r'it's bad for nv health.
'l'he
d
taxi
I]le
rnorningat half pastnrne.
e I don't r,r'antto
all rnv energy
doing strenuousexercrse.
I She
. her correspondence
rvith her
s e c r e t a rer re r i r r r o n r i n g .
a
Pleasecan vou
::}:WOMAN
ATWORK
Grammar
Practice
1
frequency
Expressing
Adverbs offrequencv
not often
abroad
a on clepartmcnt
Nlonclar, rnorning
oftcrr
he
to
four
travel
vear
rne eting
alil'ays
\\'e
have
doesrr't go
Certtrtri
I
I
(don'Vdoesn'1.)
usually
(don'Vdoesn't)
often
sometimes
never
You
We
They
He
She
: : :
time s
: ,
on Friclav earlv
to work.
, drive(s)
: go(es)out for lunch
: :
, : : .
'to
: r
: : :
be'
'
am
r are
ts
has the
on.,,
tl'.t
h als'als \licrosoft
(not)usually
(not) often
sometimes
never
,,ork ,r"t''t
is the
in
trr.
ne\\'is in
l -+^
tired
Frequencvcxpressions
,even dal,lweek
t'earetc.
tinrcsa davl t,eeklmorLthl
onceltn*icelthree
'l'hese
come at the beginning or end of
cxpressiotts
the sentence.
rrri
ever
oftcrr to
",.r1
do
.I,.tlg.
,nobil. ,.r,
r.lo g":
flt"
lYOU
': We
They
, i l e
,: She
have(has)a break
qo (qoeston holiday
:
,1.::every day
::j: OnCe
,',, Twice
,,,1.Three times
o,'"t
,...,..
,t*r
a day
a week
a month
a year
':''l::-::i
. ,:-:'
'
everv dav.
once
twlce
three times
lour trmes
I
you
WC
they
he
she
a
a
a
a
qav.
weeK.
month.
vear.
c
have(has)a break.
go (goes)on holiday
i . Litl'it?B;.;;;;
ne nas to.-
WOMAN AT WORK
I'
t o, r . r . j t h e t ' " * s p a f e r :
D o e si t t a k " r o ' , 2 0 r r r i r n L t e
Half an hor-rr?
TELEPHONE
NUMBERS
1 $ =..===-:.*=
I-ister-r
to the ertractsand ii'rite dou'n the phone nurrber.
a
O?VT
b
2
C
d
Lister-r
againand put the phrasesin the orderthat r.ouhearthem.
Underline phrasesin the sentencesir-r2 that r,ou think are useftrlto knon'.
TNDTRECT
QUESTTONS
::ii i
*r***#
-=-==-
Look at the cl-rartbelou''Then rephrasethe cluestionsnsing Do you know "? or could votLtell me "'?
how long it takes?
wherethe airportis?
if shegot my message?
if you'llfinishthe orderon time?
::::::::::j:::::i::j.:::::-::-=:::':'::-::::-.i==::::'::::::::::.::=:::':'::::::::::==
\\11-rat
tinre doestlie flight leave?
Cctuldyou tell me what tin'Lethe flight leat'es?
NOT
Which terrninal cloesit leale froln?
C
is it?
Which car hire con-rpanv
i,r-'r.r"'
#;i; ;; ti.;,;;,.,,u'r,ili
I
D
wh;;;;;;,;;.;,i;;'
ls lt a Dlce Placer
'
-,TELEPH.NETALK
TELEPHONEFRUSTRATION
1 Cornplete the list of possibletelephonefrustrationsusing verbsin the box
call get (x4)
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
Tl-re1'
You
Peopleyou ca1l
They
You .........
Thel'
Thet'don't
You continuallr'
Peopleclon't
You
1
listen play
put
transfer
\,'our enqlllry
someone.
2 With a partner or vorlr teacher,decideu'hich of the problemsin I are the fir'e most fmstrating.Then
look on page 136 to seen'hat the fir'e rnostfrustratir-rg
problemsare accordingto a snn er'.
3 A r r s l e rl l r eq r r e s l i o rur si l l r a p a r t r r e r .
a Wrat percentageof all salesenquiriesclovou think begin on the telephone?
r ) z t % 2 ) 5 0 %7 ) 9 0 % ?
b
c
I) 30,0002) 100,000
3)3,000,000
d What kinds of thingsdo telephonereceptionists
need to be goodat?
4
'N{ore
5 Accordingto the article,
businessis lostthroughbad servicethan bt,poor product
performance.'
Do you agree?
r
r
-=--=--
Doesit providetraining?
a Doesyour companvhaveanl policieson phone r-rse?
lartdiine?
you
or
a
b Do
preferto trsea mobile
c What functions doesvour phor-rehar''e?Do vott knou'horv to use then-rall?
Telephonephrases
9
leave
speaK
have
check
go
a message?
that?
that backto me?
me throughto (Accounts)?
me your name?
to Mr Wilson?
overthat again?
extension103, please?
that?
! a message?
=l==::::-=::======..:=-:::==
to
about
to
for
aboul
l:.-:::-:==-==:.-i:-::i{i=::j=i=fa
your advertisement.
an appointment.
someinformation.
confirmour meeting.
seeif you couldattenda meetingon the 20th.
i-na:.1::i:ii,::::-itiii.i-E5:L?l!ai5+
-=-=:=---
l'
- . :
SALES CONTACTS
1 e5 .=? The salesteam at ADH Graphicsusesthe form below to record the detailsof all phone
callswith ootential clients.Listen to the conversationand cornpletethe form.
F**gg**se* F***=
OO(D Graphics
**T:
t4 Mny
Wednesday
CALLlF{!fi&TEDEY: Client
*&*-:-F**S*LE: 9.Whi*e
CLEi$C bellstone&Sn ith
-,Clapharn
Rd, L"nd"n SWt{
&****$:
G)
**FiTAt*
lvlrClarks"n
F*$l?E**:
lleado{
(b)
T5-: (c)
E-l*AlL:
*A?**g
elarlson.bellstone@lineone.cpwt
SF $*t5:*gS=:
*#RF*SS *F *ALL:
flevator r,anufacturer
(e).
(f)
pages.
C-opies,
. . and(h).
....
.. ...copiet.
. . in blaekand whife.C-over
in colour.Wll suyplyrnalerialon disLor CD.
A*Sg&ii*5*JEREF:Vi:it chentwith$)
sYlsi{***; 9. Whi+e
SA?Aff*T!#lE: (L)
May at lo arv'.
Role-play
2 Work with a partner and practisetelephoningfor information and taking r-rotes.
SpeakerA: Look at page135.
SpeakerB: Look at page133.
*3TELEPHONE'A'"
LANGUAGELINKS
B All right.
A (f)
B H e l l ot.g t
rrralrdSLrr
ltow.
+L^ l^^.,+-^-+
-l--"^2
HrLaJLr
t n t s t s . - -.
i The line is engaged.
(i)
Y o u ' v eg o t t h e w r o n g n u m b e r
C Yes,ofcourse.Coodbye.
B B,ve.
l ' m p h o n i n ga b o u t . . . .
Vocabulary
Numbers
threehvndred4ndtyentyere
721
6q%
1,428
llrrr
$9.39
24.678,902
phrases
Telephone
1 Put-theconversatior-r
belorvin the correct order.
g.1lo,
ADH Graphics.
E
Y.r, please.Could you askhim to phone Johr-r
Clarksonfrom Bellstone& Smith? He has the phone
number.
I hrstone rloment ... I'm sorry,there'sno answer.
E Y.r, of course.Cor-rldI just check,vourname?John
'Clark frorn Bellstone& Srnith.
'l'hank
you. Gooclbye.
E
Oh,
dear.
I'rn phoning for some inforrnation.It's quite
I
turgent.Do you know u,hereI can contact him?
I Otr, good rnorr-ring.Could I speakto PeterWhite,
pleaser
I No, sorry,I'm afraid I don't. Can I take a message?
.'
I Xo, it's Clarksolr.He knor,vswhat it's about.
I Oh, sorry,Mr Clarkson.I'11tell hin-i as soon ashe's
available.
I
--TELEPH.NETALK
to Customer
I
2
3
-1
- = " : b : c
l
e , : T
j.,,",= r
S.,...===,:,,,
t
I
"
Il
I .
I a
I
"
L_-lI
telephonedirectorv
engaged
dialling tone
r e v e r s ceh a r g ec a l l
nationalcali
oll-peakcall
I g
Ih
I i
I i
I I
L__lI
wrong nurnber
switchboard
extensionnumber
cellplrorre
directoryenquiries
operator
2
Practice
trhe-lp
yo-,E
G;laxyGr^tvter:.Aau,
|ones.ABC Industries.
fones
d
Galary Computers Who?What'syour name againT
e
lfichael
Michael Jones.
Galaxy Computers He's speakingto someoneon his line. Want to wait?
i
No. Tell him I called, right?
Ilichael fones
Why is he angry?
Do you know
Is therf r r.t,r"trt,.rrtrain?
Can you tell me
fones
0
D
on tt'.
Grammar
IndirectQuestions
-.,,
m"r"are$q;ffi
rirdi@olle.*it*s
caorouteg,*e,
Di*,el,eiii=l
'
Fbw is she?
Where are we
' t
meeting?
t /here do you Sve?
Flow much money+
doesheearn?
,
Does he li*e footbail?
Hashe got my
address?
, ,,.
.
r
No do or does
ffin YeslAlo
questions
:ltf*
Wordorder
Practice1
Reorganisethe wordsto make indirect questionsor statements.
a
if
tell
b know
c
do
got
be
long
my
me
back will
know
could
do
when
takes you
. tr'il k;;;
think h. ;,;i;
idea the
is time
you
it
th; ;#
he
how
a ,.-.-fl'
f f;;;
she message
you
I've
;;;i
;;'
no
what
;";;;
t; ;;
03TELEPHONE'A'*
AuxiliarY
word
Questions
. Verb
: etc.
:i
: mrnd
IDo
:, Are
,.,1..
$--
Subiect
"You
:: You
.: if l loinyou?
from aroundhere,then?
do?
What
sportsequiPment?
you
nnt
in?
it?
Do
Are
you
a storehere,then?
you
to drink?
something
Derong
n^6c
::
::
: : '
you
the time?
soon?
:'
Bangkok?
: U O
::
yourfirsttrip there?
a:::a:: : i: aa.: : i: ::: : aa::!-:. :iaat.
:l::::::.',.::::-:::::::::::::::
Who dq y?r rq
b
C
d
tr
..
f
g
h
I
I
k
a l l
s \ \ ' e rosn p a g e1 3 2 .
,,,,ASKTNG
euEstoNs
He'stalkiugto a client.
I'rn an accountant.
Subject
Auxiliary
Verb
etc.
live
work
Where
What
How
whv
When
How manyemployees
does
are
here
do
English
you
yourcompany
doing
at the moment
have
anyotherlanguages
yourJob
thisbook
do
has
he
got
do
she
like
are
they
go
anychildren
travel
to work
sruoyrng
muchin yourwork
have
TALKINGABOUTOTHERPEOPLE
1 S , , , , ' .L o o k : r t t h ec o n l e r s : r t i o n b e 1 o n . \ u n r b e r t h e l i n e s i rct ho er r c c t o r d e r . T h e n l i s t c r r a n c l
cltccklour :llrs\\'ers.
I \\hat's he like?
E far, isn't he Directorof BusinessDclclopmeut at (luinness?
I nu lou knot J:rn\onacki?
Do r ou haveanr cont:rctri ith hin in vour rl'ork?
I firc NationalBank of Polancl,that'sirrtcrcsting.
E Xnt :rnr'longer.Non he'sthe Public Relations\lanager :rtthe NationalBank of Polancl.
L--lHe'sa rice chap.Ybu'dlike hinr.
plal golf tlitli hnl.
L--lNot reallr,but I occ:rsionalir
2
belcxr'?
\\lhicli parts of the conlcrsation coulclr olr replaces ith the erpressions
Do you Qnow
3 Look at the tablebelolr rrhich shori'the jobsfir e peopleclicibefore and u'hatthev clonon'.(One of
aborrt
in I as:r moclel,halc conversations
them is retired.)\\brk u'itli :r partner.Llsingthe convers:rtiorr
in the bor.
thenr Lrsingthe phr:rses
the people. Add comnrcntsabor-rt
quite reserved.
HeiShe's
a niceperson. HelShe's int"r"rting person. He/She's
"n
a bit dull.
a bit arrogant. He/She's
He/She's
a goodlaugh. He/She's
He/She
alwayshasthe latestgossip.
Now
Before
Position
: ompany
Position
PedroAmado
ManagingDirector
Shipping
,, Edwards
SalesDirector
MartinaFerlan
ManagingDirector
,, HealthGroup
President
. Biological
Co.
FrankMangliochetti
V i c e - P r e s i d e n t F i n a nDcyen a m i c a
Chairman
& COE
. MedicalPlans
CathyCheung
MarketingExecutive :: DeltacoDentalCare
MarketingManager, DeltacoDentalCare
President
: Company
Name
::
::
lbericaElectric
SpeedTrack5ystems
Non think :rbout sorne oeoole loLr kno\\' arcl have sinilar conlcrsations about theni
ASKTNG
auESIoNS
t Discnsstl-rcquestionsin gror-rps.
Do lou hale free accessto the hrternet at n'ork?Which of the for-rr
groupsin the monstcr.co.uk
surverbelon ri'oulclr'ou bcl Is this an importantissr-re
in vonr u'ork?
Doyouhave/ useInternetaccess
at worl(?
39%
267 volesfor
Yes,a high-speed
access
with morethan2 Mbit/s
37 "/"
254 votesfor
(e.g.DSL)
Yes,I usean always-on
connection
77"k
117 votesfor
5"k
40 votesfor
Yes,butwith a modemonly(narrowband)
Total:
678votes
r tlie qLrestions.
Re:rdthe articleand ans\\'e
a
b
c
d
r:,r'r.li.::r,'
,,,,,,,,,
TNTERNET
AccESS
Fw,
3 trVorkin groupsof four. You are going to take part rrt a meetingto clccideon :r policr'for Lrterncttrsc
; . -- ^ . . - ! u r r r l r d r r l . F
- ^ L t a k ea r o l e :A , B , C o r D .
lrr tuLrr
LdLLr
A
Manager
The HumanResources
\'ollrtgpeople.
talentccl,n'ell-qualifiecl,
You seeone of lour conpan\''sbiggestproblenrsis to recrr-rit
and nrobilepholressincethcv t'ere borrt.
Potentialemploveesof this hpe havebeen usittgcorttpttters
Digital communicationis part of their liles. Ther n ill hesitateto n ork for an errplovern'ho prohibits
tl-rcvseeit:rs a
block instantmcssaging
becar-tse
a lot of conrpanies
Internctacccss.For erar-np1e,
is :r legitimaten'orktool ti-rat
distractionand a ri'asteof tine , but for manl peoplenou, inst:rntrriessaging
llrone\'.
anclacttrallr'saves
allon,squick commnnicationbetrieen colleagr-res
B
The Companl'Boss
accessto the Intcn-ietand nsingfiltersto prcrcnt ltsersr.isitirrgnottYou are in favourof controllir-rg
aboutpeopledorinloadingporn (althoughaut'onerl'iio doesthis
uorried
You
not
so
ar-rthorisecl
sites.
are
n astea lot of tine lookingat thingslike eBar',tlr Space,
enplolees
that
r
ou
suspect
ri,ill be sackcdl),but
if rxtrkers
You can seetuo problerns.Ou oue har-rd,
sites.
gambling
of
z.rll,
online
Facebookand u'orst
tinc. Ort
usefr-rl
chrring
p:rid
are
not
cloing
anlthing
tl-ren
thel
use
Intemet
for
person:rl
arc using the
,
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not beetr
it
shori's
thev
n
have
finishecl
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n
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ther
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hand,
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ther
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ork
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gir,enenough
C
The lT Vanager
This soundslike rrore u'ork for lou anclvolt nottlcl prefer not to have to clo it. You knorl'that altl'rough
thereri'ili bc sotnetechnicalproblenrs.Peopleu'ill
it is possibleto usefiltersto lin-rithrternetaccess,
for their lvork.
slstem so that thev can surf sitesn'hich are r.rsefr-rl
constantlr,beaskiligvor-rto r-r'rodifi'the
Anotherproblem is that peopleri'ill think thev arebeing spiedon and blarner.oufor it. Also,in t'ottr
'l'hese
'ttnclergrottnd'
sitesoften
sites.
securih' issuesin some
vn,ork
r,or-r
usethc ]nternetto investigate
'inappropriate'
contentrifiicl-rcor-rldget r ou into trouble.
har''e
D
The R&D Manager
unlinited accessto
You areagair-rst
an\'tlseof filtersbecauselou are conr.incedthat for vour clepartment
personallogon anclthen
You think it is sufficientto gire elerl n'otkerthcir o'nr,n
the h-rtcnretis essential.
riorkers
clear
rules
abotrtn,hattl-revcan
rnonitortheir Internetlrse.Yor-ralsothink that vou shouldgive
'fl-rel
docr-iuent:tcccpting
thesecor-rditions.
shouldalsobe obligedto signa
do and r,i,hat
thev can't do.
naughtl'
chilclrenw'ho
and
not
like
In otheru'orcls,
r'ou believeit is importantto treatpeopleasadults
cannotbe trusted.
4 $ -=.=,==
Caroline\\lheeler is businessdevelopmentclirectorat PaceTelecorr,a brtsiness
in 1991and has 3i emploveesrifio need e-nail and
telecorrrrnunications
colnp:rn\'.The firrn startecl
Internetaccess.
Carolineerplainshon thel pr-rtan e-rriailand Internetpolio' ir-rplace.Listel and
completethc missinginforrnation.
aThepo1icl'cor.erspersona1ttse,.'behi'eerrco1leagtresarrclrl,1rat
ifthe rulesare brokerr.
'
it copv of the policr'.
b Er,err,errplolee hasto
c Enploveesare alloti'edto accessthe Liternetfor personalrtsedr-rring
d
e-mailsrihich are not relateclto l'ork are ttot allon'ecl.
e Enplolee
all dar.'.
f Thel,or-rccl-rada problerlil'hen an errploveerr'assendinge-rrailsto her
asCarolinc?
5 In 3 did von come to the sameconclttsiotts
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(a)
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1 9 5 3 T h ec o m p a nm
InJapan.
1 9 5 3 T h e c o m p a n yc h a n g e si t s n a n r et o Ni n t e n d oC o . L t d .a n d s t a r t st o
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i a r r a u c hhi i r e s G u n p eY
i o k o i- t h e e n g i n e ebr e h i n dm a n yo f t h e
1 9 5 5 B o s sH i r o s h Y
r-rlprodltcts.
company'snrost.successf
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m
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1 9 8 9 t t it n t e n d ol a u n c h e sG a r r eB o y- t h e f i r s t c o n s o l ey o u c o u l dc a r r y a r o u n di n y o u r
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w
:4:=--
t tnte.
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d e f i c i tb e t w e e n
1 9 9 0 N i n t e n d os a l e sr e p r e s e n t1 0 % o f t h e ( f ) . . . . ...... . .
a r r dt h e U S A ."
1 9 9 4 S o n yr e l e a s e st h e P l a y s t a t i o nw,h i c hw o r l t s a s a C D p l a y e ra s w e l l a s a c o n s o l e .
N i n t e n d of a c e s a m a j o r n e i v( s ) . . . . . . . . . ... . ... ..... . . a n d s a l e ss u f f e r b a d l y .
2 0 0 1 t i tl n t e n d ol a u n c h e as s o p h i s ct a t e dn e wc o n s o l et ,h e G a m e C u b eS.a l e sa r e p o o r
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n a n d h e lm
d arket.
o f G a m e C u baen d t h e s u c c e sos f
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GameBoyAdvanced,N intendodecides to concentrateon the portablemarl<et
e S is
c o n s o l e- t h e N i n t e n d oD S ( D u a l S c r e e n ) . T h D
a n d r e l e a s ea n e wh a n d h e l d
p o p u l a rb u t h a st o c o m p e t ea g a i n s tS o n y ' sn e wh a n d h e l dt h, e P S P .
2005 Thingslook bad for Nintendo,but onceagain,a brilliant (i).......................................
s a v e st h e m f r o m d i s a s t e-r t h e ' W i i ' . l t s m o s t b r i l l i a n tf e a t u r ei s a ' w a n d ' w h i c h
y r o v ew h i l et h e y p l a ya g a m eo f t e n n i so n s c r e e n
a l l o l s p l a y e r st o p h y s i c a l l n
- there are no complicatedcontrolsand anyonecan play with it. With a clever
( a i m e da t a d u l tg a m e r s )i n a v e r ys h o r tt i m e i t
(j) .
. . . . . . .c. a
. .n. r p a i g n
a c h i e v e sh i g h e rl e v e l so f s a l e st h a n a 1 li t s c o m p e t i t o r s .
PastSimple:regularverbs
4 All the yerbsin bold ;- ? 1..-o 'o','le. l^.",5 in tlic PastSiltple: infinitiye+ -ed l-d.
) suffered
sLLffer
release) released
Tlre pronunciationof -ed can be ldl , lIl , or /rd/.\\'rite the PastSinple of the r,erbsin bold in I in the
tablebelou',accordingto their pronunciatiort.
Group1
Group2
Group3
/d/
/a
/td/
rn44!.faqJqr.ed
.... .......
..
develo?ed
{ounded
QUfZ
In whichyardid Leonard
Kleinrockconnectthe first trvo
coruputrr?
t 1969
2 7975
3 7983
In whichyearwasthe first
international
computerconnection
mad?
snton
Whatwasthe first messag
the Internet?
I 'hello'
2'lo'
3 ' l o gi n '
1 7969
2 1973
3 7983
COIVIPANY
HISTORIES
05 CC$IPANY HISTORIES
LANGUAGELINKS
hcabulary
irsinessverbs
Omrplete the sentencesbelow with an appropriate verb.
His ambition is to
the president of the
comPany.
b The companyplansto........
..........
a new product
line.
c To make money, companiesneed to
r
qn kly.
Alot of dot.comsdon't really
anything.
The presentpresidentdidn't
.......
the
oompany, his father did.
f Ourobjective is to.....
......., salesof$10 million
" i* year.
a new deal with our
3 Ub Yl"l to.
IrPPIrers.
f, lhe fastestway for the company to grow is to
Smaller companies.
i C,onsultancies...........,.......servicesforother
hsinesses.
Itrow much did vour turnover
last year?
I
t
on page132.
Practice1
Simple
a) we.ked
b) tJeWed
c)
....
d)
el ....................
0
drop g) ...
carry h) ...... .....
tip
.
D .......
marry
i)
plan
k)
reach
l)
arrive
m)
fit
n)
visit
o)
call
p) ...
increase q) ...
like
r) ...
Practice2
The 12 verbsbelow are some of the most common in
English. They are all irregular. Write the PastSimple of
each.
tell
say
get
give
take
a) te.l.4
b)
...
c)
.....
d)
...
e) ...
put
make
do
go
come
write
have
g)
h)
i)
i)
k)
1)
05CoMPANY
HrsroRrEs
mmar
matter?
way of conmunicating?
e-rr-rails
are arninfon-t'tal
:r Do you agreetl-rart
if you
b If sonreonesencls
you a badlvwritten e-nr:ril,do you find it annoving?Are you rnoretolerar-rt
know they are not writing in their first langtrage?
c Is tl'rereanythingelseaboute-nrailsth:rtanlroysyou e.g.not usinga sensibletitle in tl i e subjectlir r e,
rvhcn rcplvir-rg,
etc.?
not includingthe originalrressage
d Do vou think thc bossesin the surveywere right?WhvAVhy not?
CORRESPONDENCE
E
ffi-q
e-E
lph
/
#
t r l t p ' f _ : * v
Fsrward l{rry Llaiiboxesfiet
9eJ:1eR.eplyRapll'Afl
Q- i'''-,rr
Mail
Search Mailb0x
GiclosCiclone
C U S T OEMR :
D a v i dH o l m b r o o l <
C U S T O M EO
R R D E RN O :
r5724
D E T A IL S :
1 x i t e mG H 5 6
t]9.50
3 x i t e m sG H 9 8
f48.00
s hi p pi n g :
f.12.40
TOTAL
879.90
e_9e
I
O.let
c!ts
Rply
Reply All
fi
Foruard
,1 lv r *'
I.!
IltlbgT:l
Get Mail
D e a rm r H o l m b r o o k
Thanksfor the order.I just wish to confermthat we have recievedyour order detailsand we have
startedto processthe order.lf your item is not instockor if there are are any dlspach problemswe
will contactyou within the next 24/36hrs.Pleasecontactus if you not have receivedyou order within
7 daysat orders@ciclosciclone.com
so we can resolvethe issues.
thankyou once again for your order.
Kind Regards.
(DespatchTeam)
CiclosCiclone
&s6
'/
s & ;, y '- ,
ffiffi
Reply
9-:,1-*1:
Reply r{ll
Forward
l{rw
,tl#
,--i-'.
w
ldailboxes Grt Mail
Q- t',:^'r:r
se*rch Meilbox
Hi there,
Rethe modificationthats not a problemthe whole amounut for your order will be f84.85.
I look forward to hearingfrom you,
Bestwishes
Diego Martin
as
tr
$tsIB
Delt
Reply
Reply All
Forward
. t
;;;
:,"{Sl M{lbI
Deardave
We appoligisefor the delay,but we haveworked out the costof your shippingamountsof the
modified order;it is going to costyou f6.99 more.
To activatethis transactionwe will needto re-takeyour card detailsby phone to processthe payment
manully.We will need the long number on the front of your card,the expiredate, and the security
code on the backof card.
Thankyou for you patienceand shoppingwith CiclosCiclone,
I look forward to hearingfrom you,
Bestwishes
Diego
GAO
sffij
9:l!!*
:
:
:lm
R:qLYlgely All
:iFqE
M
fomarO
irr#
Q,'i'
H'
l'lew
Mailboxs
5t Mail
:,ea(h
Meilbox
ok Dave,will sort this out for you, and it shallbe with you soon! Sorryagain.
Bestwishes
Diego
06 CORRESPONDENCE
ON.THE.SPOTDECISIOHS
1 | r.za Listen to the telephone conversationbetween Cathy Slater,the caller, and fim Kub, who
answersthe call. Answer the questions.
'
to?
a Who doesCalhyJ want to speak
L
bWhy?
c Why did she send him a text message?
d What solution doesfim offer?
e What is Jim's e-mail address?
Takingdecislons
2 Some situationsrequire on-the-spotdecisions.What did the speakersin I say?Circle the correct
answers.
Complete the conversationbelow using wiII + infinitive of the verbsin the box.
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
06coRREsPoNDENCE
AN IMPORTANTORDER
abotrtan orcler
1 ff n,;lri,Listento a telephoneconversartion
:rnd ansu'erthe questior-rs:
a
b
c
d
e
f
2
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
trsingthe prorrpts.
Work witl-ra p:irtner.Practisethe conversartiott
S-A-G/ lielp?
Yes/ speark
/ John Bircl?
afraiclI rtot I office / nou' / czrn/ nress:rge?
Oh, cle:rrl/ trrgentorclcr/ n.c / fir'e hvclratrlicptrn'rps/ fune 22nd
jrrst/ minute I tell Irlal-ueplease?
sorrr'/FllenaNloretti/ SternHydraulics/ Switzerlarnd
Right / takeclown/ cletails/ get /ohn / contact/ sayfive units?
Yes/ reference/ SC 94321
SC 94321/ five turits
/ cleliverydarte/ lune 2Zncl
ves/ rigl-rt/ important tl-rir-rg
notthink/aproblern
goocllfor / r'rewcustomer
I see/ when John con'res
/ tell him imrnediately/ confirm / order/ by e-niail?
yes/ course/ thanks/ n-ruch
you / welcorne/ gooclbye
gooclb-r,e
Fill the sDacesto cornolete Fllena Moretti's c-mail confinnirs the order..
6|-\B
(
Delete
d
Reply
F:.
h
Reply All
Foffiard
,,,s
New
\,("
fi+,
Mailboxts
6et Mail
SEarch Mailbsx
rh
D e a rJ o h n ,
w i t h y o u r c o l l e a g u et h i s a f t e r n o o n ,I w i s h
Furtherto a)
h y d r a u l i cp u m p s
o u r o r d e rf o r c )
b)
(ref SG 94321),to arrive no later than d)
. Pleaselet us know about about
a n y p r o b l e m sp r o c e s s i ntgh i s o r d e r .W e a r e e s p e c i a l lcyo n c e r n e da b o u t receivingthe partson time, as it
customer.
i sf o r a n e )
Bestregards,
ElenaMoretti
r8.j
using
4 Later that clzry,
John Bird pholreclback.Work rvith a partner.Try to conplete the cor-rversation
the worclsar-rcl
phrasesin the box.
all the details CouldI speakto good help you in touch
isthat it'squite morebusiness phoning worried worry
Eler-ra
Moretti, please?
John
E le n a Sp e l k i n g .
John?
backaboutyour order.
f oh n Ye s .H e l l o , l tl c n a .I' m . .
. . .. urgent.
Elena Yes,
. T'vegot
. in vour e-rnail.No problern.
f oh n D o rr' t
. I w:rsralher
aboutit.
Elena Tlral's
.
witl-rernytl-ring
else?
fohn Well, can I
frorn this custorner.
Elena No, but I hope we get
By. for now.
fohn Yes,of corlrse.Okay,I'11be
Elena Cooclbve.
J
r)i:GoRRESP.NDEN.E
E
Later,Elena receivecl
tl-risc-rnailconfiming her order.What is the rnistake?
&*&
Itiaa"
S
Delet
gJ
ffi: fffi
Reply
Reply Afl
t-oruard
/ f t S
_t_- w
filw
Mailboxt
.
fiet Mait
L(.'
r
Searclr Miilbox
#\
*J
O r d e rn o :
D H 0 10 6 0 1
Received:
N o .o f u n i t s :
D e l i v e r yr e q u i r e d :
J o h nB i r d
Fluency
9 On Jur-re22nd the partsdidn't arrive.They dicln'tarriveuntil June 30th. Elena phoneclJol'n'ragain.
Work with a partnerand act out the conversation.
SpeakerB: Look at page l38.
SpeakerA: You are Elena Moretti. You are furious with ]ol-rnBird. The orclerarrivedlate anclas a
resultyou will get no more ordersfrom yor-rrcustomer.SAG let you down and you tl-rinkJohn Bircl
is respor-rsible.
Yotr are alsoangryabout the fact that l-reneverreturnsyour czrllsand alwaysrnakes
n-ristakes.
asheavydiscotrnts
on future orders),tell I'rinr
Unlesshe offersyou someconpensation(sucl-r
you will takeyour businesselsewl-rere.
r i ]C O R R E S P O N D E N C E
Down
06 f,sHRg$pCIf{SENCH
. (at once)
2 Pleasedo it
'cheap'.
of
The
opposite
3
4 The name written at the bottom of a
document.
. in
5 Could you confirm the
LANGUAGE LINKS
(bitsofinformntion)
pleeseT
writing,
7 A servicewhich picks up and
deliversdocuments.(like UPS)
for the mistake.
l l I'd like to
(saysorry)
Vocabulary
Busi
nesscommun
ication
1 Match the partsof the sentencesbelow.
...
a There is a message
b There is a mistake...
c I askedhim to phone ...
d I sentyou an e-mail...
e We confirmed the date of
themeeting...
f I will sendyou the packet...
g I'd like to apologise...
h We are giving top priority ...
I
2
))
4
J
6
7
8
from
12 I'm still waiting for a
my
letter.
to
John
14 NowadaysI use it for all my research
and for sendinge-mails.
aboutthis. (the
16 I'm very
'worry')
adjectiveof
17 I'm
about the order.(calling)
l8 Error.
'Hello,
is
Z0
John?"Yes,
speaking.'
costcompanres
23 Bad writing
a lot of money. (abilities)
for 300
25 I want to placean
units.
it to me by e-mail?
26 Can you
us to
27 How much will it
send it?
Answerson page141.
Across
The
datefor this order is fune 26th. (when the order is
supposedto arrivewith the customer)
reply.('quick'or'fast')
6 We'd like a
way of
8 Peopleseee-mailsasan
'formal')
communicating.(the oppositeof
I'm sorry,I can't read his
(He wrote it with a pen.)
l 0 Machine usedto senddocumentsby
telephone.(not a modem)
T3 We hope to do more
with them in
the future. (b"y or sell things or services)
t5 I need to look at the
again.
'correspond')
(the noun of
l 9 To make sure somethingis correct.
.
2 l Sometimesit'sdifficultto make a....................
'decide')
(the noun of
22 C o u l d I l e a v e a . , p l e a s e ? ( w h a t y o u
leavewhen someoneis not there)
24 I'm really
he hasn'tphonedme.
(irritated)
2 8 ' T h a n k y o u . ' ' Y o u ' r e . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . . .
79 Could I take
the details?
'up')
(the oppositeof
. that you have received
30 Could you
'confirmation')
this e-mail?(the verb of
I
05 CORRESPONDENCE
r .
riii*ffi
Grammar
,,,rill
f or unolanned
decisions
\ott usewiII + ir-rfir'ritive
to showyou are n'rakingan on-the-spotor new decision.
,
P ra cti c e 1
\\ lien would you saythe following sentences?
Match the decisionsa-g to the
.ihrationsl-7.
nl
b take a taxi.
c catchan earliertrain.
ti::i-j!ri l..r::i!:,tiit:";i!:r
Practice
2
\\-liat would you sayin thesesituations?Reply trsingthe word in brackets.
a
d ,t."ri."e,,.
*r'"'"y",'iir..if i';;i;;;;;i;'"; *i,n' ".* ;;;i;;;;";';;
yolr are fan'riliarwith. (help)
Someoneremindsyou that you are takinga flight at 10.30.It is now 9.15. (taxi).
A colleaguehasl-reardon the radio that the busesare on strikeand can't get
home.Y6u haveyollr car.(lift).
coRREsPoNDENcEL
of hotel-boundbusinesstravellers
In a survey by CarlsonHotelsWorldwide, T2o/o
cited that the 'basiccondition of rooms' frustrated them most, followed by
uncomfortable beds (64%) and rooms that are were not ready following a late
arrival (64Yol,More than half of the respondents(53%) said they are more
OTELIERS.COM/4HOTs_N5HW.
**---F
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
d
e
w;ii,"."f,'"irJi;l
T sth e rel n te rn e t
EoTHorELS
TIMETO KILL
I Reacltheseconrnrentsby btrsinesstravellers abouta t1'peof hotcl. Whertkinclof hotcl is it? Where clo
vou think tlie hotcl is?
A^a:
. - ' 1 i * i l 1f + I
ChrisRoberts,
Boston,USA
i."
t.?lr*{ . 00-:00r0t)
Beforemy flight home I had a few hoursto kill and I checked-inusingthe automaticservice.The price
was very reasonableand I was very impressedwith the stylishinterior of the rooms.I would recommend
it to anyonewho finds themselveswaiting for a flight and doesn'thave a problemwith smallspaces.
:r
b
c
d
e
stretc-\inga
t- . .
l,r,ir1g
dou'1
h:rclnothing to clofor a fer.vhours
having to rv:'ritwithout anythingto clo
'long-h:rtrl
the oppositeof
flights'
rro t e x p e n s i v e
on the
5 Norv reacl arbouta hotcl chetin c:lllecl Yotel on tlic nert pergeald sav u'hether the st:rtements are trtrc
or f:rlse.
a, Yotelroomsarestandardthree-starhotelrooms.
Irue
false
true
false
ITUC
false
true
false
, Check-in
is automatedbut thereis roomservice
available.
true
false
.ll
true
false
true
false
TTUC
false
HorELsE
Look at the ground plan of the Yotel rooms.There is a mistakein the article.What is it?
Premiumcabin)
StandardcabinY
TJ
j,H.TELS
Large
bed
single
Discussion
7
Do you think you would want to stayin a Yotel room? Why/why not?
I What featuresdo you expecta good hotel to provide?Tick the featuresyou expect.Add your own
ideasto the list.
widescreentelevision
wi-fi connection
convenientlocation
parking
I
tr
I
I
minibar
tr
air conditioning
fl
beautifulsurroundings I
sauna
tr
bar
restaurant
I
I
swimming pool
fitnessrooms
24-hou room service
massageservice
I
f
I
I
svm
meeting rooms
tr
f
COMPARATIVES
1 Look at thie sentencefrom the article.
Of course,Yotel'sroomsare biggerthan the lapanesecapsules.
Underline any other sentencesin the article where things are compared.
J
, a
oTHorELsL
ROOM SERVICE
Con'rpletethe
1 ff t .l'l It is ten o'clock at night. A gtrestcallsroorl serviceto askfor sornethir-rg.
'l'hen
answers.
listenatrclcompareyotlr
below.
conversation
Room Service Room service.My natneis Iohan.Can I lielp you?
call, please?
an earh,'n'rornitrg
Y c s ,th i s i s ro o m 3 0l . a)
Cuest
tl'recall?
sir.Wl'rattin-reb)
Room Service Certair-rly,
At half pastsix.
Guest
brcakfastsetrtttp to your rootr?
...
Roo m Se rv i c e 6 .1 0 .N o p ro b l e m .c)
.. it ir-rthe dining room.
N o , t l t a r r k sI .d ;
Guest
Room Service The cliningroont ollcils for breakfastart7.3 0 .
in rny roon. lust coffeeattd a croissant.
Oh, in tl-ratcaseI e)
Cuest
?
No, tl'rat's;rll.
Guest
Room Service Okat'.g)
'l'hank
vou. Gooclnight.
Cuest
2
SII.
in I n'ith etparttler.
Practisethe cortversattiott
Fluency
3 Work r','itha pdrtner.
SpeakerA: You are the roont-serviceclerk.
for:
SpeakerB: Phoneroom serviceto utakereqtrests
o somethingto eat
o someoneto dry-cleana tie or a skirt
o soneone to fix the air conclitionirtg
o l r e l uw i t l rw i f i c ' o t t t t e c t i o t t
o tornorrow'sweatherforecast
o (your own reqtrest)
roles.
Now cl'rar-rge
SpeakerB: You :rrethe rooltt-serviceclerk.
SpeakerA: SeepageI34.
WORLD RECORDS
Superlatives
in tl'rebox to sayhow the hotelsbelow are worlclrecorclbre:rkers.
1 Use the acljectives
(]rand
in Las Vegasis the largesthotel in the world.lt has 6,276 roonTs.
The MGM
large
expensive high
northern
southern
Location
MGMGrand
LasVegas
RoseTower
Dubai
M G MG r a n d
LasVegas
LhasaHotel
Lhasa
Ny-Alesund
S v a l b a rN
d ,o r w a y
Ushuaia
Argentina
Ushuaia,
Awazu,Japan.
ftri rilii),i:liiir :i:li': 1::r:+
tall
; Detail
't
6,276rooms
i
t. 72 floors
Hotel
HoshiRyokan
HOTELS
old
r $5,000room/night
it 12,087feet abovesealevel
7 B ' 5 5 ' N1 1 " 5 6 ' E
rl 54'48'568'18'W
I lt openedin 717.
i.ili.:r1ii:|i:]1]n]:Jl:|l,iil-i,!:]:].:i|:!.ii.]]l.i].].::i,:.:]:]:1,;:||j;.]i]]i:l
2 The roonr pricesof four clifferentbig hotel chainsvary fronr cotrntryto cotrntry.With a partner
'fell
completethe infornr:ltionin the tables.
vour partnerabouthotel priceslikc this.
In Frankfr-n't,tlrc nnst expensivechairt is Crowne Plcrzct.The clrcapestclnin is of tlrc fc;tn'is Accorlntels.
Tlrc second-ntost
expensitte
is Hilton lntemational and the third fu tlrc list is BestWestent.
StudentA: Look at the informationbelow.
Student B: Look at the infornrationon page 140.
city
chain
price
city
272
238
Amsterdam
Frankfurt
'
chain
prrce
Accorhotels
476
HiltonInternational
408
195
CrownePlaza
329
17B
BestWestern
London
1BB
CrownePlaza
494
HiltonInternational
330
BestWestern
157
268
Accorhotels
152
260
Geneva
584
457
New-York
3Y4
CrownePlaza
420
357
Accorhotels
381
HiltonInternational
J O I
BestWestern
254
260
Paris
148
LOCATINGAN OFFICE
Fluency
Yottrconrpar-ry
is planningto open a Ettropeanoffice:rnclneeclsto chooscthe bestIocation.Look :rt the
infomrartionbelorn,and cleciclcu'l-richcities:rrethe most stritable.
'lhlk
aboutthe following:
. |ig[ / lou'poptrl:rtion
o expensive/ che:rp hotel roonrs
r rrcarto I far frorn an ir-rternartional
o higli / lorv / expensir,'e
atirport
/ cheap apartment rents
o higl'r/ lorv taxi fares
o l-righ / low cost of living
e higli / lorv / erpensive/ cheapoffice rents
o expensive/ che:rp placc to live
DATA
FRANKFURT
Pooulation
* citycentreto airport(km)
Distance
Averagetaxifareto airport($)
per year
lnternational
conferences
City-centre
officerents(US$/sqm)
Hotelrooms( mid range/toprange)
Three-room
apartmentrents(gmonth)
642,811
12
24-29
t/
630
110/270
1431
GENEVA
'185,028
4
I /-5
161
540
140/360
1430
DUBLIN
BRUSSELS
495,781
10
17-20
42
936
140/290
2545
1,031,925
14
40-44
189
447
110/230
150/
i
" i i : . . . . . i
, , :
,':,i:F$ffp$ffifuS
Grammar
LANGUAGE LINKS
and superlatlves
Comparatives
iiii:ii
':l Adjective
dli.lyps
t
y
,f
*Adjective
1 syllable
I Comparative i Superlative
i
I rich
cheap
i
,
;
l
I richer
cheaper
i the richest
,rthe cheaPest
i ho,.",
i the hottest
i bigger
,$
stretchout.
relax.
with i no,
I syllable
1 vowel+
consonant
2 syllables
I h a v e a n e a r l ym o r n i n g f l i g h t .
endingin -y
an afternoon
early
earlier
rrheavy
heavier
,i,i'iti$
more
economical $
2 syllables
,/tuu"sor
o, I e.onomicat
t more
,1.;iz
",ri more
an evening
Vocabulary
I interesting { economical
more
interesting
" , "
Hotelservices
'l
. big
I
Receptionist
I Y.r, sir.What would you like?
I Roo* service.Katherinespeaking.Can I help you?
I W.ll, I'll haveto askin the kitchen to seeif they have
_ any foie gras.Would you like it with sorle toast?
welcome,sir. Goodbye.
L-l Yor-r're
I Y.s. Dry, medium or sweet?
[-l Right, sir. It will be with you ir-ra few minutes.
Guest
t] H.Uo, Katherine.This is rootn 208 here.I'n'rfeelinga
bit I'rungry.I'd like to order a snack.
I Ttratlk you, Katherine.
E Oh, asdry aspossible,please,and nicelychilled.
E Oh, I don't know. Perhapsa little foie gras?
! Yes,please.Ar-rdI'd alsolike son-rechampagne.
2 Cornpletethe sentencesusing the correctform of the
words in brackets.
It can be difficult to find a decenthotel room at an
price. (afford,l
. ....rneals
b If you call room setvice,they will
to your rooilr. (delivery)
sn'rall,it wasperfectly
c Although the room w_as
a
"
the biggest
ll]::i1i::1
I the heaviest
i the most
ij economical
the most
interesting
r
"
Practice
1
Rewritethe sentencesusing the oppositeof the adjective.
d ; i;;i;;;
;;"JllI:':.,
fromfoodanddrinkbut
. (profit)
our roomsare more
a standard
e Hotel guestsfrom the USA
room layout. (preference)
old buildings into hotelsbut
f You can
thereis a limit to what you can do. (conversion)
.. ....
g We haveto meet our customers'
(expect)
h Multinational companiesoften expandby taking over
. (operate)
smaller
HOTELS
Practice 4
Who are the richest people in the world today?Look at the table below and
completethe sentences.Has the situationchangedsincethe information was
published?
ffi
ffi
ffi
. ir,i,.m;;;rtjll$:1.
the old one.
d I'm feeling more tired
I... . vesterdav.
e Fordsaren't asgood
Audis.
Practice
3
Complete the secondsentenceso
that it meansthe sameas the first
sentence.
a lt's easierto build hotels in the
USA than in Europe.
It's not at difrcultlebvtldhc'+ebin
fhe U6h a: it is-in t v:epe-.
b A MaseratiGT is more powerful
than a Chevrolet.
A Chevrolet isn't
A Chevrolet isn't as expensiveas a
Maserati.
A Maseratiis............
Profitability is more important
than furnover.
Turnover isn't.
. s;i;;";;;;;;, ;; ;; r;;.y;,^:;
Salesare
Net
worth
(billions)
2(X)8
Date
ot
Birth
$52.0
s62.0
1930
Berkshire
Hathaway
CarlosSlim $49.0
Hel0
s60.0
1940
Telmex,
Am6rica
M6vil
Warren
Buffett
ffi
ffi
ffi
Net
worth
(billions)
2ga7
Citizenship
Sources
of
wealth
ffi
BillGates
$s6.0
s58.0
1955
U5A
Microsoft
Lakshmi
Mittal
$32.0
$45.0
1950
lndia
Arcelor
Mittal
14
Mukesh
Ambani
$20.1
$43.0
1957
18
Anil
Ambani
$1 8 . 2
yn.a
1959
lngvar
Kamprad
and family
$31.0
KushalPal
Singh
$10.0
ffi
ffi
ffi
ffi
ffi
ffi
Reliance
Industries
fndia
Anll
Dhirubhai
Ambani
Group
IKEA
Oleg
$13.3
Deripaska
128.0
Karl
Albrecht
t27.O
1931
lndia
DLFGroup
1968
Russia
Rusal
6ermany
ALDI,
Trader
Joe's
5ource: www.forbes.com/lists
In 2008...
a WarrenBuffetwasthe
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
*?HOTELSE
anecdote
I'nnrkdautl noun
a story that
you tell people
about something
interestingor funny
t h a t h a sh a p p e n e d
to you
Definition f rom Macmillan
Essential Dictionary
A
B
A
B
A
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
I
DrDI EVER
rELLYou ...?
CI&
E
Tl'respeakerer-rds
the anccdotein 1 with a comment:
-S ru.ru+
Conrpletethe sentences
below.Usedid for ernphzrsis.
Cornplete
the sentences
a
l
q\,
.,.,}
D I DI E V E R
T E L LY O U . . . ?
t
. ,-lFt
water?Why cloyotr think tlineral
1 Discussthescquestionsir-rgroups.Do yotr drink bottleclt'uitrerarl
wzrteris so poptrlarnow? Horv clopeoplecleciclcwhich branclof tnitteralwatcr to clrink?
Why cloesthe
2 Re:rcl:r report in :r ncrvspaperabout a local nriner:rlw:rtcrconlpany.What happertecl?
so
cliffictrlt?
nrake
the
sittratioll
watcr
is
nrineral
product
fact tliat tlie conrpan-v's
Fire
Rocl<ed
by CristalMalvern
LocalCommunity
morninghas
A fire whichbrokeout at CristalMalvernbottlingplantin theearlyhoursof yesterday
According
to company
destroyed
the factoryandofficesof the mineralwatercompany.
completely
withthe plant'spower
although
a problem
for the momentthecauseof thefire is unknown,
sources,
will
thecompany
that although
wasinformed
theworkforce
thismorning
in a meeting
supplyis suspected.
brand
will beserved.
CristalMalvernis an established
notices
rebuildthefactory,redundancy
eventually
probl em
i sthat
faci ngthecompany
p o p u l adr u eto i ts ori gi nal
andstri ki ngTVads.The
w h i c hh a sb e c o me
gives
union
a
its
name.
Ron
White,
water
which
the
mineral
plant
to
the
spring
is locatednext
the bottling
as CristalMalvernis oneof thearea'smain
saysthefire is a tragedyfor the localcommunity
spokesman,
employers.
auclPeter
$ ; :::r;Listen to the a televisioninterviewwitli Ron White, the ttttiott rcpresentativc,
Attswcr
the
cluestions.
Mzrlvern.
Jones,the ptrblic rel:rtionsofficerof Cristal
'acljttstmetrt
plattr'cloyotr think the cornpanyli:rs?
a What kind of
b Why is it r-rotpossibleto tnove to anotl-rerlocation?
c What is the attitucleof tlie ttnion?
d What cloesRon White saryarboutthe nrmour tliat the conrpanyniight havc to close?
3
4 Yotr :rregoing to take part in the meeting to clecidewhat to cloabout tl'rissittration.Each take :r role:
A,B,CorD.
A
The Managing Director
yeatrs,
anclalthougl-rthere Llrello\\'
Yotrrfaniill' hasbecn connecteclwitl'rthe conlpanyfor over :r htrr-rclrecl
rcasonsfor re-btrilclingthe
frotn
trostalgi:r
and
etlotion:rl
Apart
have
control.
still
other shareholclers,
1,s11
prodttct,sales
is ttow atr inrport:rtrtcotrstturer
Mineral r,varter
plant,thereare vervgoodbusinessreasolrs.
leaclers.h'r fact, tl'refire
is one of the trtarrket
a lot over the lastfew ycarsarncl1'6111br:u-rcl
harveir-rcreasecl
availablervill covertnostof the
nroneyarncl
other subsiclies
insuratnce
r-naybe:r'blessingin clisgtrise'.'fhe
will requircfewer
costof moclemisingand btrilclingainrodcrnplarnt.A r-rcwplant with moderltprocesscs
Yotr fcel a gettttittecottcernatttcl
will haveto be negotiartecl.
r,vorkers
so sonlepernlzurentrecltrnclancies
responsibilityfor the n'orkforcc.You haveknoln nlally of them for years.Probablyyotl cztltlosesonte
peoplethrough earlv retirernentbut you hope to keep asln:nrv of the etnplot,eesarspossible.Apart from
aspossibler,r'hilethe ftictorvis rebuilt.
this u,orrv,),orlrmajor corlcernis to loseasfervcrtstonrers
MALVERN
CRISTAL
B
The Union Representative
You havebeen with the companyall your workir-rglife. You are worried that Cristal Malvern may
disappear- that the cornpanyownerswill take the insurancemoney and run! In fact you suspectthat
the fire might not havebeen an accident.The plant wasvery old and a big investmentwasrequiredto
continue production.On the other hand, you are quite surethat the brand hasa good fr-rturebecause
the mineral water hasalwayssold very well. The other possibilityis that the companymanagement
will make everybodyredundantand then startup againasa new company.Perhapsthey will sell the
companyto one of the big multinationals.Your hope is that you can negotiatea temporaryredundancy
for staffwhile the factoryis being re-built,and then as many peopleaspossiblecan return to work with
the samesalaryand conditionsasbefore.
C
The Plant Manager
You are the Managing Director'sson/daughter.
You recognisethat the companycould still be a viable
businessbut you would preferto do somethingelsewith the insurancemoney.You havelittle interest
in reconstructingthe business.Apart from anything else,yoll are bored with life in this quiet rural area.
In any case,by the time you are readyto begin bottling again,it will be almostimpossibleto regainyour
market position.You can just seeone problem afteranotherand you are desperateto do something
more interestingand excitingsomewhereelse.Try to convinceyour father that the bestplan would be to
sell up. You could probablyget a good offer from one of the big food and drink multinationals.
D
+
The Marketing Manager
This situationis a real challengefor you. Your missionis to keep the brar-rdalive while the problemsof
production are sortedout. You know that the idea of transportingthe waterto other plantsis not viable
due to the costs.However,your idea is to make a deal with other companiesto distribr,rte
and sell their
own water asCristal Malvern with a slightlymodified label where the origin of the springwater is in
small print. You believethat most people will not notice the differencein taste.After all, water is water,
and if people drink it from bottlesratherthan taps,it is really a triumph of marketers.You are optimistic
about the future and believeit is a good opportunityfor the companyto moderniseits production in
order to meet an increasingdemand.If you can survivethe coming months, Cristal Malvern can grow,
moderniseand benefit from this disaster.
5 Readthe newspaperarticle to find out what happenedin a similar casein Spain and discussthe
questions.
a Was this company'sdecisionsimilar to what you decidedin 4?
b Do you think the waterreally'travelled'tothe other bottlingplants?
c In what waysis the mineral water businesssuch an unusualone?
{AsHsrLrmY
cRtsrAL
MALVERNE
E
Don't explain how we're going to make money today. Tell me how we're going
to make it in five years'time.
ilil.;;
;;';;^ - ';;;;*;*o
,*,r,oENroFrNDrrEX
,t
*
p'entrepreneur
/,ontrepretneilnoun
someonewho uses
money to start
and make
businesses
businessdeals
i."
,ffi
!
q:,.
Essential Dictionary
sornentrepreneurs fr
can be tausht how
|i
to becomebetter
B ut
busi nesspeopl e.
busi nesspeoplcannot
e
be taught how to
becomeentrepreneurs.
Wil Schroter'sBlog http://www.
gobignetwork.com/wil/
'entreprenellr'
in yor,rrlanguage?Give someexamplesof entreprenellrswho are
a What is the word for
famousin your country.
b Is it possibleto teachsoneoneto be an entrepreneur?
c Wl'ratkind of skillsand qualitiesdo you think entrepreneursneed?
Which opinion abovedo you agree
to go to universitybeforeyou starta business?
d Is it an aclvantage
with most?
2 $ r.xm Now listen to a radio programmewhere an author talksabout a book on entrepreneurs.
Answerthe questions.
a
b
c
o
o
o
r
r
sesPrRrr
oFENTERPRT'E
E
\ \ ' l u c l r o f t l r c s c n l c r r c c si r r 3 : r r c c r a r r r u l c so f :
o
.
t l t c l ) a s tS i n r l t l c
I l r r ' l ) t ' r ' s t ' t lr'tr ' rt l ' r ' t
o
.
: u l c v c n t o r s t : r g ci n s o r r c o r r c ' sl i f c n l r i c l r i s c o r n p l c t c l r f i r r i s l r c d
: l n u c l r i c rc r r c r r t c i rc r . c n tu ' l r i c h i s p a r - o
t f a r o r r g o i n gs i h r . r t i o n
5 W o r k i n p : t i r s .O r r c o f r o t r r - c a c ltsc r t A o n t l r i s p : t g c a n c l t l r c o t h c r r e : r c l st c r t I l o n l ) : l g c 5 8 . O o r r p l e t c
l h e c l r a r t b c l o u ' u i t l r i n f r r n r a t i o r t f i ' o r r rv o u r t c r t .
Dreams
Firstjob of founder
Age when he started the company
Blackcircles.com
Heworkedin a garage
Hewas 35
Firstbusinesspremises
Main product
Distribution network
Customerservices
Recentdevelopments
m A s l i r o r r r p a r t r r c rc ; r r c s t i o r t so c o t t t p l c t c t l r c i n f o r r t r : r t r o na b o r r t t l r c c o r n p e u r \ ' \ o uc l i c l n ' tr e a c la b o r r t .
ry [ { c a d t l r c o t h e r t e r t . L J n d e r r l i r rtcl r c c r a r r u l c s o f i h c l ) r c s c n tl ) c r f c c t i n b o t l i t c r t s .
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I i
t r \ \ ' t i r l i i r r g r o r r p s I. I s i r r gt l r c r c r l r s i r r I , c l c s c r i b cu l r : r tl r l s l r a p p c r r c cr lc c c r t l r i r r r o r r r c- o i r r t l r o r
r c g i o i r , l r n c li n f l r c c ' o r r l ) : u r \\ o l i u o r l . l i r r . l '] s c t l r c t o p i c sb c l o i i t o l r c l p r o u .
I r r t c r c s rt u t c sh d r e l u l l m i r t t l t c / r r s ls l r t r t o r t t / t s .
'l'ltc
r t t r r t t l s corl p c o p l c w t r k i r t 4 i t t r r t t l' a r r t r t r t v t t r l i has htcreusecl rcc'crttly.
in \rlrrr countn'rlr rcgi<ln
l r o r r s cp r i c c s
rr r r n b c ro f s t : r f T
irt r<lttrconrp:lrtv
r : t 1 co f i n f l l t i o n
l - c V Clru c s
u rr c r r r p l < i v r r c r r t
plolrts
c c ' o r r o n r i cg n x i t 1 r
iulourrt of u rlrli
n rl c r c s t r l r t c s
l x ) l ) l rl ut i o rr
trlffi c
I l : r s : r r r r t l r i r cr gl s c i r r r p o r t l r tl r r r p p c r r cict tl t o t t t - c ' o t t t t l rri c' ,g i o r to t - c o t r p i n t t ' ?
S
l p : t r i s l rc o n r l ) i l r r r . I r r d i t c r . : t r cl rl s \ \ ' c r .l l r c c l t t c ' : f i r ., r
l { c l d t l r c i r r f i i r - r r u r t i ob rcrl o u l l r o u t l r s r r c c c s s f l S
, loup?
\ \ ' l r o i s t l r c t i x r r r c l co' rf l l r c I r r c l i t o O
\ \ l r c t ' t ' : t r rr r. ll r . r r l i r li l . l ; r r l l
\ \ I r ; r I ' u s i r r r ' i' 'r i l i t r ]
[ y jl l-r r t t (t c r . ]
\ \ | r r r Ii r I l r t ' r t ' rt ' r ' 1
l'
t
rl
c
B U S IE
N S SB R I E F I N G
INDITEX
sPrRrr
oFENTERPRTsE
ffi
lnditex
now
3,13',|
Shopsworldwide
New storesin year
322
69,240
Employees
Countrieswherethe groupoperates
56
60o/o
sales
% of international
six- Zara,Pull& Bear,
C h a i n si n g r o u p
MassimoDutti,Bershka
Stradivarius,
Oysho
8 , 1 9 6m i l l i o n
,r.liiTurnover
uj,
rv.t profits
lil H.rdquarters
+
639 million
Arteixo,LaCorufra
increase
launch
make
open
reach
'l'he
rirl;sPtRtr
oFENTERPRIsE
E
09 5p$ffi$3#p ffiruTffiffipffissffi
LANGUAGELINKS
.lr: , phrasg Bank: Ialking
. :'....'::
'
Have
Haven't
about business achievements
. ' , E v e n t u a l l yh e b e c a m ea m a n a g e r .
. , , , , ' T h e y p i c k e du p s k i l l sa n d k n o w l e d g e .
:
..'....
Vocabulary
Word-bu
ilding
Complete the table below with the appropriateform.
ft ""rn
acqulre
acquired
reject
rejected
grow
growing
beneficial
".'.':.:"""",'
flexible
operating
profitable
Grammar
PresentPerfect
I
You
We
They
've
(have)
finished the report
He
She
haven't
finished the report
hasn't
they
Has
Hasn't
he
she
Short answers
Haye you seenlohn?
Yes,I have./ No, I hayen't.
Has lane sent the letter?
Yes,shehas. lNo, shahasn't.
The pastparticipleof regularverbsis the sameasthe
PastSimple, but with many common irregularverbsit is
different:
. go - went - gone
o come- cdme* come
o eat- dte- edten
Tl-retenseyou useto talk about pasteventsdependson
how you seethem.
If you seeactionsand situationsaspart of a sequenceof
finishedpasteventsand situations(e.g.stagesin your life,
eventsin history,eventsin a narrative,etc.) you usethe
Past Simple.
o I studied economicsat university.
o His first wife was Argentinian.
o Her last iob ,r4)os
with dn engineeringfirm.
. Bill Gatesfounded Microsoft with a friend.
o Somepeoplemade a lot of moneyin the wan
o Suddenlyhe stopped talking and left the room.
If pastactionsor sitr,rations
are not relatedto other past
eventsor time periods(they sirnplyhappenedbeforenow),
Perfect.Often it is becauseyoll are
vou usethe Preser-rt
referringto recent events,or to contrasta presentsituation
with the past.
o I've had a fantasticidea!
o We'yedeteloped d new product for our range.
o Our turnoverhas grown by 10%.
o The photocopierhas broken down.
There is one importantexception:
o W hatdi dyousay?nd@ Z
They,
WE
Practice
1
H e b
She
has
I?J
you
see
bty
sell
do
find
come
Put
take
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
0
o)
d/
h)
write i)
break ')
k)
set
read l)
fall
m)
rise n)
meet o)
think p)
09SPIRIT
OFENTERP-'"
E
Practice
4
Practice
2
Reorganisethe wordsto make sentencesin the Present
Perfect.
a
not
fallen
five the
Mr Rodriguez left
Johr-r week I
have for
seen
I
2
J
4
5
6
7
:.1,r1;:
i,=:
Practice
3
':,.,;l-::
. e ti s Eh
,,'aii
":!+
.1ir..,
Practice
5
,r,,,arrive be break change
give lose move stop
.."ir"
"rr;;;.
e You can't
find your notesfor a presentation.
notes.
You'regiving a presentation.You did the same
presentationlastweek and the week before.
This is the third tirne
Philip Windish worksfor a company.A week ago,he
workedfor a differentcompany.
ni'r.'a""-*.",';#;;#t; h";"";;;;;';";
vervbusv
l;i.iu.
*r sPrRrr
oFENTER'RT'E
I
Pressureis part and parcelof all work and helpsto keep us motivated. But
excessivepressurecan lead to stress,which underminesperformance,is costlyto
employersand can make peopleill.
- HTTP:/AI/WW.HSE.GOV.UK/STRESS/
UK HEALTH& SAFETY
EXECUTIVE
Discussion
ihrc"
+,fr.'
{t --,i}
"*5"-
[ '
2 fu t.*t';n"".t.,$"#
Ar-rinterviewer for the raclio progran-mreWork
Today spoke to four people in tl-restreet about stress.
Listen to the interviews and answer the questions.
t *
\ ' - a
do?
fi ijj whut doesthespeaker
ffi
,]
no., thespeaker
sufferfromstress?
ir
have to
5 For each setof prorrpts a-g, make at leasttwo sentenceswith has tolhavetoldoesn'thavetol
don't hayeto.
air traffic cor-rtroller factoryworker take decisions be creative
An air tralfic controllerhas to takedecisionsveryquickly.(It's necessarv)
A factorytuorkerdoesn'thayeto be creative.(It's not necessary)
a lawyer secretary wear a suit type letters
b miclcllemanagers chief execntives solveclay-to-clay
problen'rs t:rkestrategicdecisions
c shop assistant cornputerprogrammer deal witli the public kr-rowconrptrterl:rlguages
d lorry clriver taxi driver drive long clistances menorise streetnraps
e nllrse factoryworker wear specialclothes work at night
f accour-rtanttelephonist trsea cornptrter be honest
g teacher engineer tell peoplewl'ratto do rveara tie
Make sentences
abouttl'reother iobsin 4.
srREssED
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I
In your iob do ycttLhave to ...? No, hut I haveto ... lYes.arLdI alsohaveto ...
linked tcr
root c:rtrseof
overwork
st:rfftunrover
makesbusinesssense
perfon-r-rance-relerteclpay
morale
n E b I . E d I e
I
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
trrIstr
belorvtme or false?
In your opinion,are the scntences
Stress
is alwaysa badthing.
ln
{-t-^
ro
.t
Work-related
stresscan causehealthproblems.
;, tfU
r IfUe
money.
Reducing
stresscostscompanies
to reducestress.
Its easyfor companies
STRESSE
TO
D T H EL I M I T
, {IU
.
r IfUe
:, false
:'
+r d-tt)-E^
f^t-^
tdt5e
f-l-^
tdl)c
R c a c lt l r c a r t i c l c b c l o u " .I ) o c s t h c n ' r i t c r a g r c c u i t h v o r r r o p r r r i o r r sr r r 8 ?
i
/ :
t".:.
D e b o r aH
h o u l d i nogf B M Go n l i n em a g a z i neex p l o r etsh e p r o b l e ronf w o r l < relatedstressandexamines
waysin whichit canbe avoided.
S t r e s si s n o t a n i l l n e s so r a n e g a t i v e
I
c o n d i t i o nA. c e r t a i na m o u n to f
f e v e 4i r r s o m n i d
ae
, p r e s s i oenc, z e m a
s t r e s s - r e l a t ei ldIn e s sT. h e ye m p h a s i s e
l ndsocial
a n d m a n yo t h e r m e d i c a a
p r e s s u r eb r i n g so u t t h e b e s ti n o u r
problems.
t h e b e n e f i t so f r e d u c i n gs t r e s sa s :
. better health
M a n y s u r v e y sc o n f i r mt h e r o o t
r e d u c e ds i c l < n e sasb s e n c e
stressto be
causeof worl<-related
i n c r e a s ep
d e r f o r m a n caen d o u t p u t
increasem
d e n t a lc o n c e n t r a t i o n .
Too
bad managementand overworl<.
However,
too much stressis
, n gh o u r sa n d p o o r
m u c hp r e s s u r el o
w o r l < I. n t h e i n i t i a ls t a g e so f s t r e s s
t h e r ei s a s e n s a t i o n
o f e x c i t e m e nat n d
b e t t e rr e l a t i o n s h i pwsi t h c l i e n t s
a n dc o l l e a g u e s
n e g a t i v dI .t i s b a d f o r t h e i n d i v i d u a l .
c o m m u n i c a t i oanr e t h e m a i n f a c t o r s .
I t i s a l s ob a df o r t h e e m p l o y i n g
R e p o r t sa n d s t u d i e sh a v ei d e n t i f i e d
T a l < i n tgh e d e c i s i o nt o r e d u c es t r e s s
o r g a n i s a t i o nI n. t h e U l ( , f o r e x a m p l e ,
t h e p r i n c i p a cl a u s eo f s t r e s sa s ' n e w
s t r e s s - r e l a t ei d
l l n e s si s t h e c a u s eo f
m a n a g e m e nt e
t c h n i q u e sd'e s i g n e tdo
' i m p r o v ep e r f o r m a n c eP
' .o l i c i e s u c h
M a n a g e r s h o u l dl e a r nt o m o t i v a t e
s t r e s si s l i n k e dt o h e a r td i s e a s e ,
b u t n o t e x h a u set m p l o y e eTsh. e r ei s a
a l c o h o l i s mn, e r v o u sb r e a l < d o w n s ,
j o b d i s s a t i s f a c t i ocne, r t a i nf o r m s
l xperts
M a n y l e g a la n d m e d i c a e
b a l a n c eb e t w e e no b t a i n i n gm a x i m u m
c o m p a n i etso c o n s i d e r
a r ea d v i s i n g
efficiency,
and a worl<er'sneedto rest
o f c a n c e rm
, i g r a i n e sa,s t h m a ,h a y
t h e c o s t sa n d l e g a li m p l i c a t i o nos f
a n d r e c u p e r a tteh e i r c r e a t i v ee n e r g i e s .
h a l f o f l o s tw o r l < i n g
days.
The negativeimpactof
tS
noun
verb
stress
SITESS
adjective
/stressed
motivating/
motrvatron
create
excite
a
b
c
tl
tA
morale.
creatrvrty
11
lowerstaff turnover
/excrted
C ) o r r i p l e t et h e s c r t t c n c c sr t s i t t gt l r c n . o r c l sf r o n r 1 0 .
\\trlliing n.ith the prrblic c:rn bc vcn
W l r c n t l r c n c u ' b o s s : r r r i v e d ,s t a f f n r o r a l c \ \ ' a sv c r v l o t t ' a n c l r r o b o c l r . \ \ . i \l s. c r r \
s lot of
I ' r n a g r a p h i c c l e s i g r r csr o r n \ i o b r e c l r r i r e a
I t l o r r ' ll r rr r l t l r c n . . ' u1 l r .joe t ' Ir t ' t . r
N l a k e s i i n i l a r s c n t e n c c sa b o r r t\ o u r o \ \ ' r ]c o l l l r ) : u r \ ' .
STRESSED
TO
THE
LIMIT
ffi
should/shouldn't
13 Look at thesesentences.
their mistaftes.(lt's a good idea.)
Managersshould recognise
pressure.
(It's not a good idea.)
Employeesshouldn't work underunnecessory
Make sentencesthat are true for you using shouldlshouldn'tand the promptsbelow.
work well / have a certain amount of pressure
To work well, you should have a certain amount of pressure.
a companies/ try / reducethe level of stress
b workersi work very long hours
c managers/ communicate/ ideas
d companies/ investmoney / improve conditions
e managers/ learn / motivateworkers
f workers/ have time / rest
14 Make sentences
aboutyour companylike this:
...
In my company... shouldI shouldn't... but oftenI in fact theylhelshelwe
Include the ideasbelow and add your own.
o distributionof work
o communications
o performance-relatedpay
o sufficienttraining
o new technology
10srREssED
ro rHELrMrr
FU
witlt probler-rrs.
Follow steps1-4 below.
You are goir-rgto write a report on a compar-ry
Work with a partr-rer.
Createyorlr own cornpan)'.
r:.r Step I
in?
a What line of busincssis the cor-r'rpany
the
conrp:un'?
b Wl'rat'sthe n;rnc of
c Where is it located?
d Is it an old-fashionecl
or a modern companv?
e How long hasit existed?
,r*.ri,
Step 2
You are goir-rgto pcrfornrarroleplaywith a new partner.First,witli yotrr original parrhrer,clcciclcn ho is
Then fincl a 11s$'perrtnerwho is plavir-rg
a clifferentrolc to rott.
the employeeand wl-rois the constrltzrnt.
Employee:You work for thc conrpanyyou invented.Yotrare courpletell'negative:lbout
e\er\ a:1;ect,rf
votrr job anclcompany.Criticise everythingzrndeverybocly.
Consultant:You are a managenrentconsult:urthireclto intervioi thc staffof thc cnrplo\ee \ cornp:rnrto
the ernplovee:rncl
note ciorirtthc ansriers.\sk clttcstiotts
assess
the levelsof stress
anclmor:rle.h-rtcrvielv
ab o u t
o workinghotrrs
o colllpatn orgatrisattion
o i n te n ra l c o n rn rtrn i c a ti o n
t
Pa)'
o tr:riningprovidecl
. holiclays
o (yourown ideas)
,;,,ji.i.step
3
Work with yotrr origir-ralpartnerfron Step l. Write a report
of the lllanagel'nentconsultant'sintervicrv.
Use the franreworkbelow or aclaptit to suit tl'rcintervierv.
r Accorclingto ... the t-nait'tceruse/s
of stressirt his/herwork
is/:rre...
o Cor-r'n-r'rtrnic:rtions
in the compzuryelrc...
o The systemof payrnentis ...
o Witl-rregardto training,the sitttzrtiolris ...
r Other causesof problemsare ...
o -fo reclucethe level of stressthe cor-t-ttrzrr-ry
shotrlcl...
o In c o n c l u s i o n...
,
i;",*!Step 4
Work with your parrtnerfronr Step 2 aga,in.Check that the
report of vour intcrviervis zrcctrrate.
Company:
N a m eo f I n t e r v i e w e e :
I nterviewer:
Date:
STRESSED
ro rHELrMrr
I
,i..'i;
Y{* Yffiffi $-&$'$-4$T
S*.$'$.qm$ffiffiffi
LI\NGUAGELINKS
Vocabulary
Stressat work
1 Complete the sentenceswitl-rthe correctform of the
word in brackets.
a An air traffic controllerhasa verv
iob.
(stress)
^
b A . . ......
hasto answerthe phone all day.
(telephone)
c His work involvesa lot of different
(responsible)
d C)trrbossis alwaysshor-rting
at us. I don't find it very
(motrvate
)
e Too'much stressis bad for the workers,and it's alsobad
(employ)
for the
f Stress-related
is the calrseof half of lost
(ill)
workingdays.
It's a problem of
we neverknow what's
happeningin the company.(cornmunicate)
Nobody knowshow to usethe new machine - we need
ur gent
. (tra i rr)
Employeesshouldn'twork under
(necessary)
pressure.
You should
your mistakesand correct
them. (recognition)
One of the benefitsof reducingstressis better
(relate)
with clientsand colleagues.
Workersneed to restand recr,rperate
their
energies.(create)
The expertssaythat bad
......is the n-rain
(manage)
causeof stress.
a
Policiessuch as
.. . -relatedpry den-rotivate
work force. (perform)
STRESSE
TO
D T H EL I M I T
Grammar
havefo and should
I
You
We
I ney
have to
workatnight'
Jlni n"u" ro
He
She
has to
doesn't have to
Do
Does
l/vou/we/thev
',''",:'
'
ne/sne
.
have to work at night?
shoutd
-:---:
I:i
He/She
. we
They
snouldn't
dothatiobforfree.
Practice
1
Practice
3
Practice
2
Reorganise
the wordsto make questions.
dress do
todav to
to
you
formally
do
have
have order we
do English go
to to
have drive do
in
you
the
job
to
to
do
complete when
your
work
much
on a course.
. . . . s om u c h
e
f
;ilil;;;h You
.. . if you don't want to.
We can- do it without you.
i You
a visaif you travelto
ce r t ainc ount r ies.
r When you crossan internationalborder,you usually
your passport.
k He'sso rich he ...
...,but he
still does.He's a workaholic.
spend
languages.
gc to English classes.
Ypushpy,ld
I don't know how to usethis new accountancy
ik6iltilih;h;;;;h;;
He'sa
anaPPointment'
have I
set up
Program.
!-l
finish this do
leave
have
or you'll
missit.
I havethis constantpain in my chest.
...- a check- up.
My family is complaining they neverseeme.
. . . . s ol a t e .
I don't like workingfor someoneelse.
. . . y o u ro w n
business.
Practice
4
Completethe sentences
using a form of haveto or should
(affirmativeor negative).Sometirnesthere are two possible
answers.
The doctorsaysI ......
take
things easy.
b Yorr
spendso much tirne
in front of a computer- it's bad for your eyes.
Managers
be good
communicators.
just givepeople
d Yotr . .
orders,you
motivatethem
to do a good job.
e I
do this job even if it is
stressful- I need the money.
f I'm goinghome now becauseI
get up earlytomorrow to
catchmy plane.
g
If you need travelinformation,you
D
look it up on the Internet.
h Y o u . .
speakto the bosslike
that.
If you want to know more about the company,yoll
visitthem.
You
.......
comew i th me. I can
do the presentationon my own.
a
srREssED
ro rHELrMrr
I
PresentPerfectfor unfinishedpast
1 Rcaclthc infornrationaboutNokia. Conrplctcit rrsingthc worclsin the bor.
acquires announce
appears
becomes begins
founds
launches merge
puts
sets
- Company
Nol<ia
History
N o k i a i s a l e a d i n gi n t e r n a t i o n aclo m m u n i c a t i o ncso m p a n ya n d a
pioneerin digitaltechnologyand wirelessdata communications
to the highly
which has continuouslybroughtinnovations
competitiveand growingtelecommunications
markets.
Finland
1865: The Nokia story (a) ... . .b-9!in2
in south-western
........
with the establishment
of a papermill at the Tammerkoski
Rapids.
l-912: Eduard Pol6n (b) ..
FinnishCableWorks,the
f o u n d a t i o no f N o k i a ' sc a b l ea n d e l e c t r o n i cbs u s i n e s s .
R u bber
1 8 9 8 : A r v i d W i c k s t r o m( c )
upthe Fi nni sh
Works.
1 9 6 7 ' .N o l < i aA b , F i n n i s hR u b b e rW o r k sa n d F i n n i s hC a b l eW o r k s
(d) . .........
t o c r e a t eN o k i a C o r p o r a t i o n .
I 9 B 2 : N o k i a( e ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M o b i r aw
, h i c hl a t e rb e c o m etsh e
N o l < i aM o b i l eP h o n e d
s ivision.
. . . . . . .t.h. e
. f i r s t N o k i am o b i l e
1 9 8 6 : T h e c o m p a n y( f )
telephoneon the internationalmarket.
. . . . . . . . . . .o. .n. . . . .
1 9 9 3 : T h ef i r s t N o k i ad i g i t a lc e l l u l a rp h o n e( g )
the market.
1 9 9 8 : N o k i a( h ) . . . . .. . . . . .
t h e w o r l d l e a d e ri n m o b i l ep h o n e s .
...
1 9 9 9 : T h e I n t e r n e tg o e sm o b i l ew h e n N o k i a ( i )
. . . . . . . . . .t.h. e
w o r l d ' sf i r s t W A P h a n d s e t ,h e N o k i a7 1 1 0 .
2 0 0 6 : 0 l l i - P e k k al ( a l l a s v u ob e c o m e sN o k i a ' sP r e s i d e nat n d C E 0 .
p l a n sf o r N o k i a
N o k i aa n dS i e m e n(si ) . . . . . . . . .
S i e m e n sN e t w o r k s .
ne(
startedto produce
n ro b i l ephonesi n 1986.
nrol>ilepltonestocl:ry.
n ro b i l cp honessi ncc 1986.
Nokia
b l r
c l t
became
has been
d Nokia
e l t
f I t
still is
thc r,vorlclleacler il rnobile pliones in l998.
the world leaclerin mobile phoncs toclay.
the world leaclcr in niobilc phones frrr over ten ye:rrs.
3 N{atchthesentences
in Z to
PastSinrple
I
Present
Sinrple I
Prescnt
Perfect I
JOBS
stillproduces
I
I
I
Make similar sentencesabout Nokia with theseprompts using the PresentPerfect,since and for.
5 Write sentenceswhich are true for you. Use the PresentPerfect,since andfor.
l've been in my presentiob for two years. l've had a PDA since Christmas.
TELLME MORE
How long
1 Make questionswith you using the prompts. Use the PresentSimple, PastSimple and Present
Perfect,as appropriate.
2 Work with a partner.fuk and answerthe questionsin 1. Try to get more information about each
subject,if you can.
;...
3
Lucien lives iust outside Toulouse.He has lived there for three yedrs.He worksas cI resedrchscientistat the
universifi. He's workedtheresincelast lune.
11roBs
E
YffiffiYWffiffi
' fh c
bcl ou' arcfronra racl i oprogr:l nuncal rorrta busi ncss
S #
n ' o rc lus rrcpl l rra scs
pcrson alih'.
[ ,i s te nto th c c rtm c t:rn cnl trn rb crt]rcu' orcl isn the orcl crvou hcarthenr.
co-fuurrclc.r
I
rrri l l i o rra i rctr
crrrPloi'ccr E
s n r:rl l csr ta k cE
cnrrcprclrcur
nurn:rgcurcltrolcs E
I
tuti r,' crsi tr' profcssor
r' i cl co-shari ng tr
!
WcstClennarrvE
h"E$
ffi ffi ${.$S,
J,$1h
ffi $flffiis a c0| |ese student w ith a d iffere nce. For
a s t a r t ,h e i s n o t w o r r i e da b o u tt h e $ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0c o s to f h i s F e r r a r i
b e c a u s eh e i s a l r e a d ya m i l l i o n a i r e .H e f i r s t h i t t h e j a c l < p oitn
2CI02when eBay boughtthe online paymentcompanyhe was
worl<ingfor.Then,in November2006, he got lucl<yagain when
M i c r o s o f ta g r e e dt o b u y Y o u T u b feo r $ 1 . 6 5 b i l l i o n .
W h e nt h e d e a lw a s s i g n e de, v e r y b o d w
y a s t a l k i n g a b o u tt w o
o f Y o u T u b e 'cso - f o u n d e r*s C h a d H u r l e ya n d S t e v eC h e n .A f t e r
a l l , t h e y w e r e t h e p u b l i cf a c e o f Y o u T u b eM
. o s t p e o p l ed i d n ' t
l<nowthat there was also a third co-founderof YouTube,
Jawed
l ( a r i m . I n f a c t , h e w a s t h e p e r s o nw h o a c t u a l l yu p l o a d e dt h e
fi rst video.
l ( a r i mg r e wu p l n W e s tG e r m a n yb,u t h a sl i v e di n C a n a d as i n c e
h i s f a m i l y e m i g r a t e dt h e r ew h e n l ( a r i m s t a r t e dh i g hs c h o o l .H i s
B a n g l a d e s hf ai t h e r i s a c h e m i s ta t 3 M , a n d h i s G e r m a nm o t h e r
i s a p r o f e s s oar t t h e U n i v e r s i t oy f M i n n e s o t al .( a r i mo b t a i n e dh i s
d e g r e ei n e c o n o m i casn d e n g i n e e r i ni g
n 2 0 0 4 a t t h e Un i v e r s i t yo f
I l l i n o i sa t Ur b a n a - C h a m p a i g n .
H u r l e yC
, h e na n d l ( a r i mh a v el < n o w en a c ho t h e rs i n c et h e ym e t
a s e m p l o y e east P a y P a lt,h e p a y m e n st e r v i c eW
. h e ne B a yb o u g h t
P a y P a fl o r $ r . s b i l l i o ni n 2 0 0 2 ,t h e y a l l r e c e i v e d
substantial
p a y m e n t sN
. o w r i c h ,t h e t h r e e m e n o f t e n m e t l a t e a t n i g h t f o r
b r a i n s t o r m i nsge s s i o nast M a x ' s 0 p e r a C a f en e a r S t a n f o r da, n d
d i s c u s s epdo s s i b l fei l m p l o t s .l ( a r i ms a y sh e o r i g i n a l l yp i t c h e dt h e
c o n c e p to f a v i d e o - s h a r i nwge b s i t et o h i s f r i e n d sb e c a u s ea t t h e
t i m e i t w a s d i f f i c u l tt o w a t c ht h e m o n T V .
T h et h r e ea g r e e dt o d i v i d eu p t h e w o r l <b a s e do n t h e i r d i f f e r e n t
s l < i l l sH
. u r l e yd e s i g n e d
t h e s i t e ' si n t e r f a c ea n d l o g o ,w h i l e C h e n
a n d l ( a r i m s h a r e dr e s p o n s i b i l i tf yo r t e c h n i c aal s p e c t sA. t a l a t e r
s t a g e ,w h e n i t w a s n e c e s s a r yt o t a l < eo n m a n a g e m e n rt o l e s ,
H u r l e y b e c a m eC E 0 a n d C h e n t h e C h i e f T e c h n o l o g y0 f f i c e r .
H o w e v e rl ,( a r i m r e a l l yw a n t e dt o r e l a x ,s o h e c h o s en o t t o b e
part of the managementteam. As a result,he agreedto tal<ea
s m a l l e rs t a l < teh a n t h e o t h e rt w o f o u n d e r sa, n d n o t t a l < ea s a l a r y
o r e v e na f o r m a lt i t l e b e c a u s ei n, h i s o w n w o r d s ,h e w a s ' f o c u s e d
o n s c h o o l 'A. l t h o u g hs i n c et h e n h e h a sc o n t i n u e idn a n i n f o r m a l
a d v i s o r yr o l e ,h e d e n i e si t w a st h e o t h e rt w o w h o a c t u a l l yt u r n e d
t h e b a s i ci d e ai n t o r e a l i t y .
J a w e d l ( a r i m i s n o t t h e f i r s t e n t r e p r e n e utro l o s e h i s p l a c e
i n h i s t o r y .P o p u l a rw i s d o m ,f o r e x a m p l es, a y st h a t B i l l G a t e s
s t a r t e dM i c r o s o f ta n d S a m W a l t o nf o u n d e dW a l - M a r t o n t h e i r
o w n , b u t t h e y t o o h a d c o - f o u n d e r sI n
. a n y c a s e ,i t i s n o t l i l < e l y
t h a t l ( a r i m h a s t o o m a n y r e g r e t sW
. h i l e h i s f o r m e rc o l l e a g u e s
c o n t i n u et o r u n Y o u T u b eh,i s d r e a mi s t o t e a c ha n d r u n a s c h o o l .
W h a t e v e rh e d o e s m
, o n e yi s n o t l i k e l yt o b e a p r o b l e m .
3 l . l n c l e r l i n et h r c e e x : r n r P l e o
s f t ] r c P r c s c r r tl ) e r f c c ti r t h e s c r i p t r , i ' h i c ht e l l s r r sw , h c r ra p r e s e n ts i t L r a t i o n
startccl.
JOBS
4 How much of the storycan yolr rememberwithout looking?Use the wordsin I to summarisethe
storywith a partner.
5
Find wordsand phrasesin the text which rrean the san'reasthe following.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
l-adhunter
lhed,hrrnta/noun a
pe6on or company
nfio searchesfor
good staff and tries
to persuadethem
to leavetheir jobs
and go to work for
another company
Ddrnition
Spntial
HEADHUNTERS
from Macmillan
Dictionary
1 .$ l"*z PeterDavis is in the office when he receivesan unexpectedcall from John Lindsay.
Listen to the conversationand answerthe questions.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
=E
Discussion
2
Writing
3 Readthe report for PeopleSearchbelow.Write a similar report about your partneror teacher.First
askquestionsabout hisiher careerhistoryto be able to write the report.
r*: How longhaveyou ...? When/ Wheredid you ...before? Whendid you
start/ leave/ finish...?
Report
Peter Davishas workedfor BlueprintInternationalsince2003 wtrerehe has beenheadof their
International Divisionfor one year.Before Blueprint Internationalhe was at Navigatefor three years.
Thiswas hisfirst job after universitywherehe studiedengineering.
He graduatedfrom Nottingham
U n i v e r s i t yi n 1 9 9 9 . H e h a s b e e nm a r r i e df o r t w o y e a r sa n d h a so n e c h i l d .
11roBs
-Ff3ffi%
LANGUAGELINKS
P
Grammar
- the unfinished
past
Present
Perfect
Y otrusethc P r:' .:: ' P ' -r-: -" ..,
began.For example:
PastSirnple:I startedworkinghere25 yedrsdgo.
PresentSirnple:I work herenow.
PresentPerfect:l've worked herefor 25 years.
llo'f I dm woil?hrylt
PastSimple: I met lohn for the /lrst time in 1985.
PresentSin-rple:I still know him.
PresentPcrfect:I'ye known lohn since 1985.
NorW
"
Vocabu lary
lompanynews
for
2 years
a month
a few minutes
halfan hour
ages
hundredsof years
I!:i.tij:"ljil.tijriitrtLjqii:ii\j:li.,:i:irr;r:ti:i
iil
TI
1
Practice
Complete the sentenceswith sinceor for.
a
g
a)
,",,
Practice
2
Practice
5
heq?
tl qwlengbatt
e yevwe-rQed
b
ih;;h,;. /;h;;;;;;;i;
f
he / have / a companycar
Practice
3
Rewritethe following senten..Juring the PresentPerfect.
a He workshere - he startedwork in January.
11els wcr\ed hereilneeJanuary
b He lives in Paris- he wasborn there.
famesRodgers
1984 startedsmoking
I986 went to universityto studyengineering
1989 graduatedwith a degreein engineering
1990 got a job with Rolls Royceasan aeronautical
engineer
t 9 9 rbecameinterestedin boats
1992 got married
r993bought his first yacht
1995 got a job with P & W in Canadaand moved to
Montreal
2001 moved back to the UK and went to work at the
P & W factoryin Manchester
2003 gaveup smoking
2006 moved to a new iob in the P & W officesin
Portsmouth
a
be / an aeronauticalengineer
qrce111.o-:.
aeronauti
I1.e'9-..beer
an.
eal..Jngi.n.eef
.............
....,. .
smoke
studyengineering/ university
H.j
computer programmer- he becamea
"
programmerwhen he left university.
They make furniture - they startedmaking furniture
over a hundred yearsago.
be/interested/boats
be / married
work / Rolls Royce
r998.
Iive / Canada
live / the UK
Practice
4
Rewritethe following sentencesusing the PresentPerfect.
a
ig"i,r.i'
il i;i;;"il
They told me about the problem yesterday.
They got divorcedtwo yearsago.
j*roBs
have/job/Portsmouth
*;;k/i;,PIw
not smoke
gnmbit l'galmtiftl
noun something that
t/ou say or do in an
attempt to gain an
advantage
lHnition from Macmillan
f$ential Dictionary
The things most people want to know about are usuallynone of their business.
G EOR GBE
E R N ARSDH A W
1 Readthe article below and think about the following questions.Then discussthem with your teacher
or a partner.
a
12 CONVERSATION
GAMBITS
Introducingyourself
2 $ a"or-:.gq You are at a conferenceand you don't know anybody.What can you sayto starta
below.
conversationwith someone?Listen and completethe four conversations
I
A
B
A
B
A
B
2 A
B
A
B
A
B
3 A
A
B
A
B
A
B
4 A
B
A
B
A
B
Starting a conversation
3 Allan Vilkas is having a quiet drink in a hotel in Dublin after dinner. The other customerin the bar
hasa newspaper,but he'snot readingit. What do you think Allan saysto begin a conversation?
tF Complete the conversationusing the phrasesin the box. Then listen and check your
flr#rJ
ffi r#iur*eu $i
-ti"i*hffi
6br;iib#','
your time
....your newspaper?
Excuseme, would you mind a)
I've c)
Er, no, b)
There'sjust somethingI want d)
No problem.Thke e)
.......................,
my name' sA l l an. I' m
Thanks.By I
business
trip.
s)
Stranger Oh, right.
Allan
Stranger
Allan
Stranger
Allan
12coNVERsAroN
GAMBrrs
E
c
d
saysomethingabout sport
invite the other personfor a drink
I'r'ufrom lirrkey.
2 Until Friday.
3 Ar-rotherfour or five days.
4 T ts c c r r rvse r l r r i c e .
5 I've been I'rerefor :r couple of claysnow.
arc you
think
brtsitress
"II
what you
here
Dtrblilr clo o
volr
bfI
oll
:lre
.fE
c lI I
o Yes.I'ni visitingsolnecustorners.
7 I come fronr SotrthAfrica.
B It'saibit cold for nre.
q
Since Saturday.
l 0 Yes.I'nr here to buy sonremachinery.
trr
Conversationtopics
8 The two rneir in the conversation ir-r7 talk about football ancl golf. Sport is a
topics are safe?Whicli shotrlclvotr :rvoicl?Circle tl-reserfetopics.
'safe'
art
business cars localattractions money and personalfinance music personallife
politicsand the state of the world
religion the opposite sex the stock exchange the weather
Sayinggoodbye
9
. Clr""rio,then.
Allan By..
10 Wlrer-rSeanu'arnts
to enclthe conversatiorr,
he sayslt'sgettirLglate.Il-tave
to be off. Match the parts
of tl'resentencesbelor,,,tomarkeother wavsto end ;r conversation.
a
b
c
d
e
I
2
7
4
5
Fluency
11 Work witl'rarp:rrtner.Look at the l-reacllines
belorv.Irnergineyou borrowedyour perrtner's
newspaper
alrclyou are now giving it back. St:rrterconversartion
about one of the heacllir-rcs.
Maintain the
conversationaslong aspossible.Begin: Tl-Lank
Have yoLL
wx-Lfor the newspaper.
seenthisarticleabout ...?
Prime Minister says economic situation 'hopeless'
SC IE NT I S DI
T SS CO V ER
L IN KB ET W E EN
G OL FA N D IQ
UK TO DRIVEON RIGHT
U5 PRESIDENT
CONSULTS
PRIVATE
ASTROLOGER
: CONVER'ATION
GAMBITS
I
appraisal
noun an
le'preiz(e)U
interview between
a m a n a g e ra n d a n
employee,which
a l l o w st h e m a n a g e r
to judge how well
the employeeis
doingtheirjob
Definition {rom Macmillan
tnqllSn ulcTlonary
I
I
I
w?8
l^^-_^-,^-^.--
of Year
@ t t ' sc o m i n g t o t h a t t i m e
a g a i n . A n d e v e r y o n eh a t e s i t .
Employeesdetest Performance
a p p r a i s a l sb e c a u s et h e y a r e
t o t a l l y u s e l e s sa n d a c h i e v e
n o t h i n g . M a n a g e r sh a t e g i v i n g
t h e m b e c a u s et h e y ' r e u s u a l l Y
b a d l y p r e p a r e da n d t h e y h a v e
too many other thingsto
d o . E m p l o y e e sw o r r y a b o u t
them becausethey are often
m e a s u r e do n t h i n g s o v e r w h i c h
they have no control.
;-1:,1i:
!,'l-riiiYSTAFF
APPRAISAL
E
@ nesearchconducted
by PersonnelDecisions
I n t e r n a t i o n a l( P D l ) ,a g l o b a l
c o n s u l t a n c yf i r m , f i n d s t h e
majority of emPloYeeswho
report to more than one boss
get inconsistentmarks. In
a study oI 5,970 emPloYees
reporting to two bosses,
employeeswho were rated
'outstanding - one of the best'
by the first boss,were rated
lower by the other boss62% of
the time and onlY'somewhat
above average'or less29% of
the time.
l f y o u ' r e l o o k i n g f o r w a Y st o
i m p r o v e p e r f o r m a n c e ,o r c u t
c o s t s ,y o u s h o u l d t h i n k a b o u t
getting rid of Your company's
performance aPPraisalsYstem.
I t u s e sa t r e m e n d o u sa m o u n t
of time and energY,dePresses
a n d d e - m o t i v a t e sP e o P l e ,a s
well as destroYinganY trust
and teamwork. The whole
systemsimply reinforcesthe
v a l u e sa n d p r e j u d i c e so f t h o s e
in power at great cost to Your
company.
_-,---.1
-Deqree
t=P edbaE-(
T \
TJ
rE
-;
eAsfs*r*YsrAFF
APPRAT'AL
L
It might be cheap,but it's going to cost the earth. The cut-priceair ticket is
fuelling a boom that will make controllingglobal warming impossible.
(LONDON)FRONTPAGEON SUNDAY28 MAY 2005.
THEINDEPENDENT
Discussion
1 Discussthe following questionswith other people in the class.
a How often do you fly?
b What things can go wrong when you travelby air?
c Have you had any bad flying experiences?
2
using the wordsin the box. Listen againand check your answers,if
3 Complete the conversations
necessary.
ffi cherkin
$ffi passport
Conversation I
for flight RA264?
A Good morhing. Is this where I a)
B Yes.Can you give me your b)
, Please?
A I'm afraid I've lost the paperI had it on, but here'smy c)
B I'm sorry,but if you haven'tgot the referencenumber, I can't check you in. You'll haveto go to the
over there.They'll give it to you.
d)
? You'vegot my name.
A B u t c a n ' ty o u e ) ...
B I'm not allowedto.
again?
A Dolhaveto0
B No. |ust come to the front.
A OK.
B Next, please.
Conversation 2
A Can I haveyour referencenumber and passportplease?
B Here you are.
........
to checki n.
A You'vejust got one g)
B Yes.this one.
A I'm afraid it's over fifteen kilos.You'll haveto pay hl
B It's only just over.
A Actually it's seventeenkilos.
B Are you sure?How much will it costme?
A It will be i)
, but you haveto pay over there at the main desk.
Can't I p"y here?
B What, over there?There'sa really f)
when you
A No, I'm sorry.But come k)
come back.
B OK. Thanks.
tsATTLE
OF THEARMRESTS
a travclprol>lcrt.What clo1'outhink the
1 Rcaclthe introcltrction
to un articlcort ar.,oicling
a re ?
'stratcgics
It's happened to everyone - even the most experienced businesstraveller and frequent
f l i e r. A l a s t-m i n u tetri p , n o s e a t assi gnmenton the aeropl aneand the onl y seat l eft on a
p a c k e dfl i g h t? Y o u ' v e g u e s s e di t - the mi ddl e seat. l t can make your tri p mi serabl e.H ere
are some strategiesto help you avoid the worst seat.
Source: www.about.com
Conditionalswith will
2
sentencc
Look at this First Clonclitional
Consequences
Condition
If + present
will + infinitive
If ),oucheck-inearly,yotill be able to choose))ourse(lt.
or Yotill be able to chooseyour seatif yotLclrcckin early.
Make asltl:lrtylogicalconibinationsaspossiblc.
Match the conclitions
to the consecluenccs.
'11
I yotr gct on aurcloff the plane f:rster
a if )'ou book tnontlis itr aclvauce
'll
2 votr be too earlyfor :r seat:rssigrtnrent
b if you sit:rt thc front
'll
3 you haveto go to the toilet a lot
c if yotr check in late
'll
+ you be ableto stretchyotrrlegs
d if you'rc politc to the check-inattencl:rnt
'11
5 ,vou solnctinrcsbe ableto ch:urgeyottr se;rt
e if ,votrpretenclto bc ill or pregnzrnt
'll
6 yorl get nrore personerl
spelce
f if \rotttrttstyotrr it-tstincts
'll
7 )/orl p:rvfor it with an uncomfortablescat
the artnrests
g if you clonrinarte
'll
8 yotr choosebetterse:rtnrates
h if yotr usevorlr laptop
'11
9 you feel claustrophobic
i if 1'otrclrinktoo ultch
'll
1 0 y o u feel gtriltvthe entireflight
i if you gct up cluringthc flight
a;\/
d
c
lr
ir
Q)5, A
i
i
f
g
in 2
3 ff ,.i,,'1,;r
Listento sonreonegivingaclviceaboutgettinga gooclseat.Circle the cornbin:ttiorts
agreeu'ith the :rclvicc?
rvhich correspollclto rvltatthe speakersays.Do 1,s11
Discussion
4
BUYINGAN AIRLINETICKET
1 Readthe article and :rnswerthe questions.
a
Why won't you have anyone to blarne if you get a bacldezrlon your airline ticket?
TRAVEL
CUT-PRICE
H0W is it possiblethat two passengers
s i t t i n gs h o u l d etro s h o u l d e irn t h e s a m e
planecan pay suchdifferentpricesfor
t h e i r t i c k e t s ?B u y i n ga n a i r t i c k e t h a s
b e c o m ea t e s t o f s k i l l a n d t i m i n gw h e r e
for getting
the customeris responsible
t h e b e s td e a l p o s s i b l eW. i t h t h e o n l i n e
reservationsystemsof cut-priceairlinesit
i s y o u rf a u l t i f y o u g e t a b a d d e a lb e c a u s e
there is no travel agentto blame.
N o w a d a ya
s l l a i r l i n e sh a v ea ' p r i c i n g '
d e p a r t m e nw
t h i c h i s r e s p o n s i b lfeo r ' y i e l d
In other words,their job
management'.
price of tickets in order
the
is to adjust
to get the maximumpossibleprofit for
eachseat on the flight.Ticffiprices vary
a c c o r d i n gt o s u p p l ya n d d e m a h da n d
dependon how full the flight is, and when
result is a
you make your reservation.The
tremendousdifferencein prices.In oner:
Le Mondenewspapermade
investigation,
e n q u i r i e sa t d i f f e r e n t i m e sa b o u tA i r
Franceticl<etson the sameffight from
Paristo NewYorl<in economyclass.They
were quoted17 differentprices,ranging
from 467 to 3228.
Airlinesjustify thesevariablepricing
policie;Bnthe extremelynarrow profit
this,
To illustrate
showsthe
seats.
ats to
bo i n fuel
and crew.
for profit.
cos
That
2
a
seatsleft.
What is your experienceof cut-pricetravel?Tell your teacheror tl'reother studentsin the class.
1sArR
TRAVEL
E
cleal.
'l'lrc
4
v c r l ; s i r t c : t c l t o f t l t c f t n r r l i s t sl t e l o u ' o f t c r t l l c c o r i l ) : r r r rl.h e n o u n s o n l l r c r i g l r t . O r r c v c r b i n c u c ' l r
l i s t i s \ \ " r o n g .D c l c t c t l r c v er b s r i l r i c l r : r r c \ \ ' r o r l g .
get
buy
offer
.. a good deal
see
negotrate
COVET
estrmate
reduce
.. costs
increase
delete
CoSt
do
pay
make
charge
.. a fortune
adlust
increase
reserve .. the price
lower
reduce
f f i L ] s ct l r c r . c r b + r o u n c o r n b i t r a t i o u si r r - { t o c o n r p l c t e t l r c s c n t c r r c c sb c l o n ' .
chcapcr.
lrrtcnrct.
c
L ) o r u p a n i c sr r s cc c l r r r l t u t c rIso
d
c
arrcl:rrc c\l)cnsr\.c.
l t i s r r o t p o s s i b l ct o
L o n . c o s ta i r l i r r c s
o t l t l r c i r n c l t l ) a g e s l, x r t o f t c r r t l r c r c : r c a l o t o f
h i d c l c r rc h a r g o s ,s o t h c r . a r c n o t r e r a l h ' a sc l r c : r pa s t l r c r s c c n r .
Airlincs s:tvtlrat crtnr costsn ' h i c l r t h c r c a n ' t c o n t r o l
Tff{ffiruHffi#T$AY*#re
#&fuTffi
{ 8 f u
E
&
V l r a r c g o i r r gt o p l a r a g : u n c i r r n ' l r r c l rv o r r I t a v c t o n c g o t i a t c t l r c l t r i c c , c l r r : r n t i h d
. clivcn
titnc, plrvnrcnt tc'nns arrclgtrarantcc pcriod of a proclrrctt o g a i r rp o i n t s . l l c f c r r cv o u p l a r , l i s t c r t o t r i < r
p c o p l c p l a v i r r gt h c g a n r c a s l n c r : r n r p l c .
Fluency
k
'l:i
B (b)
&,$ffiT'FqeEfffi$-
LANGUAGELINKS
h
A
B
A
B
A
B
A How are you getting ir-rtotown?
B UnlessI'm pushedfor tirne, (0
A
B
Vocabulary
A
B
Negotiating
. It's very
there'sa stop near the hotel.
convenientbecar-rse
Oh, will you stayat Tl-reMajestic again?
. It n'rishtbe difficult with the
I will (g)
conferenceon.
You'd betterget on and make sornereservations.
............
Yes,(h)
,I'll get on the Internetor give
them a ring beforeI go to h-rnch.
1
',
i i . : iA I R T R A V E L
if you
Air travel
1 Imagine you are flying frorn Europe to the USA.
Number the followir-rgevelts in a logical order.
I
f
I
U
.
tr a
E
"
Ll f
T
Th
Ti
Ti
g
D
nk
2
b . c ; d ' e
i*r,tU,r**..'r,t!i'
.r:,=.:.'., .rir..,, . "-, -..].,,or,,rr+s*i.$,r+'i*.*r,i$,l,ir.ni.+,!tl.l+,**rj,:*,r,
Grammar
Practice
2
with will
Conditionals
Practice
1
\latch the partsof the sentences.
-r
b
i
d
e
f
g
h
r
r
i,..' adopt
:..:,t,l659
be
need
find
pay
If I see]ohn, I
b If anyone
have improve
phone tell
.......
hi rn w hatyou sai d.
to contactme, tell them
Practice
3
Write a sentenceusing the conditional withwill basedon
eachpieceof advice.
You should confirm your booking or you won't get a
good seat.
goedte,at.. .....
it..y.p-u.e."-nfi(.r^]put
. ....
.be-alitg,yeu'l.gel.a
You should pretendyou're not interestedin buying
from them or they won't drop the price.
F..
Ek
ffi
&
Y;,,;h;;iJ,,';
;;i;ki;; ;;h
""
.r,.ni;h;";;;;ii
,!3
AIRTRAVEL
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deers*mnt* *n'mp$*y#r t*rs:r6mmt*
wfrEE
sffis?"]effime
frffifHqiemc*
thmt
indfrvEdum$"
$"t*s
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y*ur
y*elB"
mr
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&nd
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stn$qmhe:lders.
THEINDUSTRIAL
PHYSICIST
HTTP:/A//WW.A|P.ORGfflP/INPHFAA/OL-9/lSS-3/P2B.HTML
l ) o r o r r t l r i r r l it l r c s l c ' l . i r g \ \ ' : r sj r r s t i f i c d ?
\ \ r n t l c ll l r i sl r c P o s s i l r l icr r r o r r r c ( ) r r l ) : u r,\r - i r \ ( ) u r - c ' o u r t n ' ?
c ' \ \ ' l r l t : t c l irc c u o u l c lr o u g i r c t o \ i c o l : r ?
lt
lr
'
. j
::,,
: . t i. j:'i:
: t1
",.*.
,'
,'.
The passive
- $ . l ' ' i r r csl c n t c r c ' c si r f l r c r r r t i c l ct l r u t u r c s i r n i l : r r r rr r c : u r i r r gt o t l r c F o l l o u i r r g :
; r l l t . . ' lr , t i t l r t ' r, , 1 1 .
'l'lrci
lr
o l c l c rc c l l r c r t o l c u rc t l r c f l c ' t o r i i r r n r c c l i u t c l r .
$
O o n r p l r c t l r c l n o p r r r r sr i l t s c r r t c r r c cr rsr1 .
:r
lr
\ \ ' l r o i s r l r c r t i o r r c cfl r r s ti r r l l r c p : r s s i v sc c n t c r r c c s l
cl \\'lro is tlrc stori :rlrorrt?
c \ \ ' l l r t r s t l r c a c l r ' : r n t l goc f r r s i n gt l i c p ; r s s i i cs c n t c r r c ' c s ?
'llrc
|
l t g c n t i r l l r c l t c ' l i t ' cs c r t c r c ' c si s f / i c t ' .\ \ 1 l l t t l r : r p p c n st o i t i r r l l r c 1 ; i i s s i rs. cc n t c n c c s ?\ \ ' l r r ?
H I R I N GA N D F I R I N G
to sounclnroreobjectivezurcl
6 Readthe manzrger's
report of the inciclentin Z. Hc usesthe parssivc
fonl:rl in stvle.Completethe reportusingthe l,erbsbelow in the passivc.
ask
give (x 2)
inform (x 2)
warn
an empl oyee
i n the assemblpl
y ant,
Ms N i col aW i l l i ams,
O n tw o o c c a s i o ni n
s N o v e m b er
(a )
the companyrul es.
th a t u s i nga mobi l ephonei n w ork hoursw asagai nst
and (c)
by anothersupervisor,
Boththesewarnings(b)
she(d)
a w ri tten
on a furtheroccasi on,
i n h e rfi l e .T h e n ,i n D e c e mb er,
of a problem
onthe
w a r n i n gF. i n a l l oy n
, F r i d a y1,2J a n u a rayt 1 0 . 3 0l ( e )
fa c to ryfl o o r.W h e nI a rri v e dthere,I founda l ot of noi seandshouti nggoi ngon. Ms W i l l i ams
A pparentlshe
y
i n a radi ophone-i nprogramme.
w a su s i n gh e rm o b i l ep h o n eto parti ci pate
and to comein to my office.
hadwon a prize.I askedherto put the phonedown immediately,
of Ms Jones,my deputy,Ms
and in the presence
I decidedto terminateher employment,
and abusi ve,
and
S hebecamehysteri cal
Wi l l i a ms
w a sto l dth a t s h ew a sbei ngsacked.
(f)
that her
to l e a vethe factoryi mmedi atelSy he(O)
possessions
would be forwardedto her by post.
in eachtext.
Inrprovethesesl'rorttextsby changingone vcrb to tltc patssivc
is rising,artclthereare
urtetnploynrent
They havelaicloff over 35,000peoplein thc lastfivc ycetrs,
socialproblerrsin the region.
is risirtg,and thereare social
35,000peoplehayebeenlaid off in the last fiveyears,tntentployntent
problemsin the regiort.
'l'he
fast.
They are hiring nervst:rffalcl it is erpzurcling
b
businessis argreatsuccess.
they closeclone of the factories.
the nuniber of ordersclecre:rsed,
c As therewzls:rreccssiorr:urcl
'lb
wherelabotrrcostsare lowcr.
it is rn:rkingthe ncw tnoclelin Hrrngarry,
in'rprover-nargins,
d
Forclhasseveralplantsin Fiurope.One of them is inValenciaartclitprocltrcesthe Escortthcre.
'l'liey
f
have announceclplansfor the no'l incltrstrialest:rte.It will covcr tetr hectaresarnclcre:rtcspitce
ventttres.
for orrerl5 btrsiness
:l
Discussion
I Work in groups.hr what situationsclo
is iustified?'l'hinkaboutthe
you think sarcking
followine:
dishonesty disrespecttosuperiors
inappropriatedress
industrialaction (going on strike)
not meeting objectivesor achievingresults
punctuality revealingcompanysecrets
violence
Aclclyour orvn icle:rs,if you like.
HTRTNG
ANDFTRTNG
E
I\PPLYINGFORA JOB
1 *$:}.l.t-,.+--a.t;s
Listento for-rrpeopletalkingarbouttheir approachto applyingfor
a job. Thke lrotesanclmatch the peopleon the left to the surnniariesbclow.
a
b
c
iii FrommyCVyouwillseethatfiveyears
ata chemicals
multinational
havegiven
mea solid
business
background.
I amresponsible
planning,
formydepartment's
logistical
whichhas
developed
myorganisational
skills,However,
I amnowlooking
foropportunities
forfurther
deveopment
andresponsibility,
whichmypresent
employer
cannot
offer.
I want a new job becatrserny corrpany probably u,oil't be able to pronrote nle.
h I l-rave
five yearsof internationalbtrsiness
experiencervorkingfor a chemicals
comPany.
5
i 4 H I R I N GA N D F I R I N G
A JSB INTFRVIHTII#
1 lleaclthc job ach'crtanclCV belori'.Whv clovott think Saraapplicdfor the job?
E N TM A N UF A C T U R E R
QU]PM
P A C K A G I NEG
M UL T I N A T I O N F
AO
L OD
s e e l ( sI n t e r n a t i o n aSl a l e sM a n a g e rt o c a l l o n E u r o p ea n d L a t i n A m e r i c a .
B a s e$ B 0 l ( a n d c o m m i s s i o nf u, l l b e n e f i t sa n d e x p e n s e s .
P r e f e r sf:l u e n c yi n o n e o r m o r e f o r e i g nl a n g u a g e s .
S e n dr e s u m 6w i t h c o v e rI e t t e ri n d i c a t i n gc i t i z e n s h i ap n d s a l a r yr e q u i r e m e n t s .
VITAE
CURRICULUM
SaraVerkade
NAME
D ri ve,LondonS W 16
5 8 , Stoppard
ADDRESS
A
TELEPHONE
E.MAIL
mz.
s ara .v erkade@
gnet
s, N etherl ands
.7B , Maassl uiThe
DATE& PLACEOF BIRTH 2 3 .7
MARITALSTATUS
)rngre
NATIONALITY
Dutch
QUALIFICATIONS
E M P L O Y M E NHTI S T O R Y J u n e 2 0 0 0 - p r e s e n t
Organi si ng
n,
H el enaR ubi nsteiLOreal
TeamC o-ordi nator,
M a n a gement
A nal ysi ng
sal esfi guresand produci n g
eventsandconferences.
m e e t i ngs,
to
rel ati ons
and respondi ng
reportsandcharts.C ustomer
re l e v ant
c o m p l a i n at sn dq u e r t e s .
J u n e1 g g g - J u n e2 O 0 O
teamsupport.
P roducti viC
tyentre,IB MS al es
S al
, es
S PCProfessi onal
ng mi l l i ondol l arbi ds.
pri ci ngand proposal -w ri tion
R e s earch,
LANGUAGES
D u t c hE
, n g l i s hG, e r m a nS, p a n i s h
IT SKILLS
Offi cesui te
userof Mrcrosoft
P ro fici ent
a
b
c
d
c
f
g
h
S l)o r,ou think the inten'ieu'er u'as fair irt tltc itrtervieu'?
D o v o r r t h i n l i S a r a hg o t t h c i o b ?
ANDFTRTNG
HTRTNG
E
But
f
g
Can
....
..
a manager?
i"""f".2
specific,please?
Fluency
5 Write a brief CV for yourselfand give it to your partner.Then take it in turns to intervieweach otl'rer
for the job Sarahwantedor anotheriob. Ask for clarificationof the detailsof the CV.
3 The noun / verb combinationsin the box were in the articlesin 2. The verbswere in the passive.
Can you rememberthe sentences?
Tell yor-rrpartner.
A
conditions
/ agree lirms lcontact salaries
/ negotiate staff/ pay
B
'
offers/ put
survey/ carryout
Discussion
4
#
.
t
; *t' .0.
i&
F,#rc.!rwL
'F
r.tt;AlR,_
; de&strffi$ruffi
&ffiffi ffiffiffififfiffi
LANGUAGELINKS
Phrase Bank: Asking for clarification
Vocabulary
Frocedures
1 Match the partsof the sentences.
She wasemployed...
b The incidentwasreported...
john wasconsulted...
C
4
d The staffhavebeen informed...
Shewassacked...
r
The conditior-rs
wereagreed...
I
He didn't acceptthe offerswhich wereput ...
h The workerwasinjured ...
i The flight wasdelayed...
The passiveis used...
I
I
I
l
)
+
;
6
7
8
9
l0
d t ie
'
i
l
'
.
l
r
A
electronics
written
j ob
comPany
workers'
j ob
previous
skilled
temporary
unemployment
staffing
B
application
secrets
position
rights
needs
security
workers
warning
staff
benefits
industry
For youngpeople
is not usuallyas
important asa good salary.
We gavethe ernployeea
....for arriving
lateto work two daysrunning.
In the sumrler thereis more work so we haveto take
ol-llrrorepeopleto meet orlr .
He wasaccusedof revealins.. . .... . .
toa
competitor.
A hundred yearsago
didn't exist
becausetherewereno unions.
You alwayshaveto include a CV in your
Educatior-ris important becauseindustryneedsa
srrpplyof
Wasyour
a full-time post?
In nany countriesthereare n 0 .
..... for
peoplewho have no work.
At Christmas,shopstake on
because
it's a busytin-reof year.
The
. is an important sectorof the
local economy.
3 Reorganisethe lettersto forn'rwords to cornplete the
sentences.
j
i
q
i
14HTRTNG
ANDFTRTNG
E
Grammar
Thepassive
The objectin activesentences
becornesthe subjectin passivesentences.
Passive(to be + past participle)
The ntachineis servicedeyeryyear.
Five factorieshave been closed down.
The officeswere decoratedlast yearShe is being encourogedto apply for the iob.
The offLceisn't cleaned orLFriday.
-l'he
You often usethe passiveto put the important inforrnationat the beginning of a sentence.
passivecan be lnore
impersonalthan the active.For this reason,you can r-rseit in fonnal documentssuch as reports.
Active
Someoneservicesthe machineeveryyedr.
They hat,eclosed down five factories.
They decorated the officeslast year.
They are encouraging her to apply for the iob.
They don't clean the officeon Friday.
Practice
1
Practice
3
Reorganise
the wordsto make correctsentences.
c How rrranycountries
form the U;;
mea3ures announced
been
'''''''+
^ . - statf ernployednew
KilJo-t
Practice
2
Rewritethe sentencesin the passive.
a They havecancelledthe order.
prder\+l.f,eeyg.4leelled,.
\-.1.,p... .
b They haven'tfinishedthe new building.
c
i . "'i-i";i';;;,'i;.i;;;;;
;iih;
d #;;;;;-;i; ir-'.
pi""i"',r..".;.,,;i;;
e
r rh;;;ia";i,,fr,i-iih;;;ilJ ih;';b
Did anyonetell you aboutwhat happenedat the
meeting?
They hold a salesconferenceeveryyear.
T . {H I R I N G
ANDFIRING
T
n
collocations .-"
'
# Wy'
j'
;t
+
,"*
ft*,
"i*
1 Put vowelsi.,'the spacesto eornpletethe u.rS bdo*.
s p - r rd
I
.S
n-loney
S_V_
w_st_
h-vnv
tirne
st
At rvork,I
Discussion
3
er
b
c
d
Lister-ragair-r
and completethe phraseswith or-reword for each gap. Contractionscount as one word.
it's
We'reworriedbecarrse
,s'MEE
4 Complete tl-rephrasesso they are true for you. Then compareyour ideaswith your teacheror a
partner.
to get to work in the morning.
a It takeslne . . .
meet my deadlines.
b I
for gettingthings done.
tin-reframes
c In my companywe
d When peopleare not on time for meetings . ......
behind scl'redule.
e IT projects
f At work the schedulesfor projectsare
g Wher-rthings are delayedI
h In my country,
;,.ii;;;"
i.rf."rtl]tlete
box
1 5T I M E
Discussion
3
You
Your partner
100%
100%
p l a n n i n&
g delegating
meetings
rnrro<nnndonro
telephoning
reading
dealingwith problems
Wh:rt clifferenccs
are there between the u':r)'\'ott rtnclvour partner nran2lgevour tirne? Wlu.'clo votr think
t his i s ?
J U S TI N T I M E
1
a
b
c
d
e
LIFEWITHOUTTIME
H o wd e o e n d e n
a tr ew e o n t i m e ?I s l i f ew i t h o u tc l o c l <lse s ss t r e s s f u l ?
0 n ec o m p a n d
y e c i d etdo f i n d o u t .A t A 0 L , t h e yr e m o v e ad l l t h e
c l o c l <fsr o m t h e i r U l ( h e a d q u a r t e r s . T heevne r y b o dcya r r i e do n
w o r l < i nags u s u a l .
Theywantedto investigate
how pressure
of time can leadto
stress,andto seehowan environment
withoutclocl<s
wouldaffect
p r o d u c t i v i t y . T hseayyt h a t t i m e i s m o n e ya, n dm o s tc o m p a n i euss e
t i m et o c o n t r o tl h e i ra c t i v i t i ebs e c a u siet i s e a s yt o m e a s u r e0. n t h e
o t h e rh a n d h
, u m a n sh a v ea b i o l o g i c acll o c kw h i c hd o e s n 'nt e c e s s a r i l y
correspond
to the standardeight-hour
worl<ing
day.We are more
productive
in the morning,andthenour efficiency
tendsto dropoff
after lunch.So,if you'refeelinghungry,
to
why not havesomething
eat insteadof waitingfor the lunchbreal<?
0r,if you'vefinishedyour
w o r l <d, o n ' th a n go n u n t i li t ' s t i m et o c l o c l <
o f f ,j u s t g o h o m e .
S o ,w h a th a p p e nws h e ny o ur e l yo n y o u ro w nb o d yc l o c l <
instead
o f a r t i f i c i adl e a d l i n e sA?c c o r d i ntgo o n ew o r k e 4 ' M o s t
p e o p l ec a r r i e d0 n a s n o r m a la, l t h o u g h
s o m et o o k a d v a n t a goef t h e
o p p o r t u n i ttyo h a v ea n e a r l yl u n c h . ' A n o t h e
r i d ' T h i si s g r e a t I. t
sa
makessenseto be ableto worl<whenyou needto and leavethe
officewhenyou don't.'0nthe otherhand,onesecretary
foundthe
experience'disorientating'.
However,
oneofficemanagerwas in
n o d o u b t : ' T h a ngl <o o d n e swse a r e g o i n gt o b r i n gt h e
clocl<s
bacl<tomorrow.Mal<e
no mistake,
a clocl<less
officeleadsto chaos.
S o m ep e o p l em a yb e l e s s
stressed
withoutclocl<s,
but you needto knowwhere
p e o p l ea r e a n dw h e n a, n d
meetings,
for example,
can
lastforeverif youdon't have
a t i m el i m i t . '
Discussthe follou,ingquestions.
,tru
,,n
Vocabulary
3
Find wordsand phrases the article which mean the sameasthe following:
a continue
b fall quickly
c resultin
d wait
e quar-rtify
4
...to unnecessary
stress.
methods........
a Tin're-management
efficiency.
it is difficult to
b In somebusinesses,
cWhenyouhavetomakeadecision,it'sbestto............
in the samejob for a long time, you lose interest.
d If yor,r.
on a Fridayafternoor-r.
e The amount of activityin an office
5 Which of the sentencesin 4 do you agreewith?
we dre
6 Look at this sentencefrom the article on page97 and answerthe questions.Thank goodness
going to bring the clocksbacktomorrow.
a
b
(leave)early.
(start)on them tomorrow first thing.
Conversation 2
C Have you planned Mr Logan'svisit?What about lunch tomorrow?
(take)him to The Redwing.
D I (.)
C I seemto rememberhe'sa vegetarian.
(phone) to check they have a vegetarianmenu.
D Is he? In that case,I (d)
Conversation 3
E Is everythingconfirmed for your trip to San Sebastian?
(take)the train from there.
F Yes,the plane goesto Bilbao. I (.)
E No. don't do that - it takesforever.The bus is much faster.
(take)the bus,then.
F Is it?Well,I (0
9 Readthe conversations
againand look at how will andgoing to areused.Underline the correct
option in the following sentences.
You can ue will or going fo to talk about decisionsand plans:
a Will / Going fo showsthat you are making a decisionnow.
b Will I Going fo showsthat you made the decisionearlier.
E1s'ME
Problem
Alternative
i ts r a i n i n g
you'retoo busy- you'llmissclasses
it'san old model- it'll be obsolete
verysoon
you'llget fat
you'llearnlessmoney
the taxidriversareon strike
- therearelotsof accidents
its dangerous
?
7
)
?
?
W/ISTIhIGTIME
Collocations
1 Match the rvorcls
to nrakcfcnrrcornnioncolkrc:rtiorrs.
a r b o t t o n r r 1 b a l a n c e
b clelicatc
2 cartrght
c get
3 tinre
d ll'aste
4 line
, I
2
b I
. I
d f
L.lscthe colloc:rtions
in I to complctcthc article.
wasting
Ht
WORK
L o t s o f p e o p l ea r e s o a f r a i d o f g e t t i n gc a u g h t t, h e y n e v e r( a )
y r e r i g h t t o b e a f r a i d . T h e r ei s a
y o r l <t h e e n t i r ee i g h th o u r s . T h e a
a t w o r l < . T h ew
(b)
b e t w e e nn o t d o i n ga n y w o r l <a n d d o i n gt o o m u c h . T h e
(c)
i s y o u m u s t g e t y o u r w o r l <d o n e .I f y o u s t a r t w a s t i n gh o u r sa t a
.
. T o b e a n e f f e c t i v et i m e w a s t e ry, o u h a v et o f i n d s m a l l
t i m e ,y o u ' l l ( d )
, u c a n ' t w a s t et h e c o m p a n y ' tsi m e i f y o u d o n ' t w o r l <f o r
w a y st o e a t u p t i m e . R e m e m b eyr o
r , i t h a l i t t l e e f f o r t ,n o o n ew i l l e v e rl < n o wh o w l i t t l e y o u d o .
. o w e v ew
t h e c o m p a n yH
)ource: www.vgg.com
Besloppy
T h ec o m p u t e r
The Internet
Officeconversations
Meetings
5 Conrplete the sentcncesbelow rvitli u'orclsor phrascsfionr the text orr pllge 138 that nre:ur thc satne
as the words in brackets.
'Yes,
'Yotrr
.'
btrt I know'u'herc cvervthing is, so clon't totrch anr,tliing.
a
papcrsarc
b
c
d
e
(trnticlr,)
tirtreto preparcit. (rcscrvc)
Beforen'rakingan inrportatnt
call, \'ott shottld
I onlv usc thc hitenretto get specificinfornration.I clon'thavctin-rcto
tltc Web.
(mor,'earorrnclfrom link to link rvith no partictrlarainr)
. , So I neecla goocl hrtcrnct corrnection. (infonnation searchirtg)
M1' job reqtriresa lot of
ancl agree lvifh sl,slything are no trsc ;rt all. (nrovc hcacl trp and
Peoplervho ah,varrs
clou'n)
5 Work rvith a partner.What otlier \\a\rsof rvastingtime c:ln vou think of?
,"H
LANGUIIGELINKS
r:,::,'PhraseBank:Presentations
Good afternoon.The subjectof my presentation
t o d a yi s . . .
worclsin brackets.
betterin tl-renrornit'tg.
Most people
(perfornance)
tl-restaff to
is goingto
A psychologist
seel-rowthet' r,vork.(observation)
will not be
Time\nanl\ger-!.rent
impresseclbv the resultsof the experinent. (specidis'1
after a gooclltrnch.
We :rrenot so
(production)
'l'l'rey
to redtrcetlie working rveekto
35 l-roursitt sotnecottntries.(intentiort)
. what to cloabout the
Have you
(dccision)
situatior-r?
'l'he
wettt on for hottrsancltl-re
..
n'reetingcndeclverylate. (cliscuss)
a
b
c
O k a y ,t h a t ' sa b r i e f s u m m a r yo f t h e p o i n t sI ' d l i k e t o
cover.Now let'sgo backto look at ...
e
f
Grammar
I t h i n k w e s h o u l db e r e a d yb y . . .
be + goingfo + infinitive
I t s h o u l d n ' tt a k e l o n g e rt h a n t h a t .
'!
Will it be on time?
Vocabulary
Workingconditions
Cornbine one worcl from box A with one worcl from
box B to'complete ezrchselrtencc below.
1
realistic
eight-hour
long
sales
forward
bottom
planning
deadline
forecasts
line
hours
day
YOU
we
'l'he
traclitional
clocsnot suit ottr
natttrarlclailyrh),thnr.
we are going to sell
t o o1 1 r.... .. . .
c A c c or c ling
overZ0%more nextye:rr.
is that you l'rave
d In ar-ry
businessthe . .
to nr:rkeenorrghmoney to survive.
tasksstrchas
e You shotrlclgivepriorih to irlrporternt
eu'rcl
problem analysis.
f hr the UK, peoplework
but their
procltrctivi[,,is
not ashigh as in Franceor Certlr:rr-ry.
ltl"*
They
He
is
She
isn't
lr,rterrogaiiv*
,'
r.,.': :, tl
you
Are(n't)
fft
ls(n't)
f i
'm
not
goingto phone
rater?
he
she
going to or will?
Yotr usewill to sl'rowyou are rnakir-rg
a decisionat the
rloment of speaking.
A Could I spertkto Mr Contez,pleaseT
B I'nt afraid lrc'sout at the ntonrcnt.Can I take a
nrcssage?
A No thanks,I'lI phone later.
TIME
)ractice1
Practice
3
Write sentences
usinggoingto and the word prompts.
Cornpletethe responses
with the r,,erbin bracketsusing
eitlrergoingto or will.
r'"/rl"r.i";/;,;; j;b
she/ not / accept/ our offer
h we / t : r k e/ t r air -/rbu s ?
Practice
2
Reacltl'resentencesand make ,.r1ror.ri, rvith wi// and an
icleafrom the box..
call the office and apologise
take the team out for lunch
take a taxi back to the office to collectthem
take an aspirinand go home
switch it off
call the lT department
ask her for her businesscard
Xllltakethe tearnqut{prlunch,
b Yott'reat a rneeting
andyourphonerings.
L
d You'veforgottensome in-rportantdocurnentsfor a
nreeting.
P
Practice
4
Con-rpletethe conversationusing tl-rewordsin tl-rebox.
do easier information learn someone
start strategy time urgent
A What are you doingT
B I'r'r-r
putting this custorner(")
into the
database.
A Why don't you get (b)
elsein vour tean'r
to do it?
B Well, it's (c)
if I just do it n'ryself.
A Yes,but if you do it yourself,they'll never
(d)
B Yes,you're probablyright. I'll (e)
that
nexttime.
A Anyway,haveyou finishedthe rnarketing
(0
for tl-renew product launcl'r?
B No, I'm goingto (g)
...that this afternoon.
A Oh, corne or-r!It's really (l-r)
We're all
waiting for it.
B I know, but I l-raven'thad (i)
r5r,ME
E
ASKING FAVOURS
1 ff: ,i,,ii ,;.,iri.'i
Complcte the cxtractsfron-rtwo convels:rtionsbelorvwhich take place itt attroffice.
'l'hcn
listen ancl cotnpare vottr attswcrs.
Extract I
A I
Extract 2
'l'hc
tliing is that I need
A
yotrr office?
B All right, aslorig:rs .
...?
cnOotld I...? anclCotLIdyor-1
betrve
Wlrart's
the clifferetrce
in I
trsit-tgthe promptsbelow. l.lsethe cottversatiotrs
2 Work u,ith arpartner.Act otrt conversatiotrs
etsa rtroclel.
Problem
phonehome/ mobilebatteries
flat
sendan e-mail/computernot working
not answering
be at airportat five/ taxiservices
oosta letter/ can't leavethe office
thisletter/ no dictionary
translate
take notes/ no pen
makecopies/ photocopiernot working
As long as ...
i Request
, use/ yourmobile
i use/ computer
" give/ lift
postit on Vourway home
;
r: oorrowyours
i lendme one
i take/ photocopyshop
justa shortcall
not taketoo long
get backbeforesix
haveit readyby five o'clock
get it backby this afternoon
giveit backlater
answerthe phonewhilel'm out
rr,lj.]:tl,ll:i;:i:'lliii
Sayingno
for the
tactfully.Otherwiseyou can createproblen-rs
to sayno to zrrecprest
3 ff ; :iir It is in-rportar-rt
attd altswerthe questions.
future.Listento the couversation
askRicharrcl?
a What favour cloestl-respearker
b How cloesRicharclrezrct?
4
so that it soundsrltore
Use the phrasesin the box to rewritethe conversatiotr
I hope.
l'd take my own,of course,but it'sbeingrepaired. Nothingserious,
What'sthe problem? Well,actually,l'm not verykeenon the idea.
It'sjust that I don't feel happy about other people driving my car.
GETTING
Requests,persuasionand threats
il
*#
.$
leff
I ,
... but on the other l-rand,if you do it, I'll seeit asa
personalfavour.
I know,but you can take the time lateron.
No, there isn't. Look, I know it's inconvenient,but I can't
think of any other solution.
Sandra,we needsomeoneto answerthe phone from 2.00
til 4.00 while Juliais off sick.Could yor-rdo it?
Yes,in principle, yes.But you neverknow.Your contract
is up for renewalnext month. Enough said?
L_l f No, it isn't,and obviouslyI can't forceyou to do it, but ...
Listen,I'd do
L l g Not really.It createssuch a bad irnpression.
it myself,but I've got to be somewhereelse.
Sandra
I fr From 2.00to 4.00?It's not my hours.
E i Well, can't we just put tl-reanswerphoneon for a couple of hours?
_E i Yeah,enough said.
L--lk It's not the time. I'll have to get someoneto pick the kids up from school.Isn't there anyoneelse?
tr t I see.I don't reallyhavemuch choice,do I? I hope it'sjust this time ...
Iu
I.
Ia
I.
$ "',
E '. But?
E
"
a
b
a request
a srrggestion
c
d
emotionalblackmail
a threat
UPGRADE
1
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
b Is the passengerpolite?
c
3 Work with a partner.Find conversation2 on page152 and act it out. This time the guestis polite.
Use the phrasesyou underlinedin conversationl. If you are the receptionist,
decidewhatto do.
1{;GETING
DoNE
rHrNGs
E
'i
l { c a c lt h c i n f i r r n l r t i o r r u b o r r td i f f c l c r r t t r P c s o f c o r t t P a n vs t r t t c t u r ea n c l : l n s \ \ c r t l r c c l t r c s t i o t rusl i i c l r
follori.
Cornpany
Structure
B u s i n e s sceasnb e o r g a n i s ebdy :
i function
"irgeographical
area
.+ productor customer
i:! project
F UN C T I O N
L a r g e rb u s i n e s s easr e t r a d i t i o n a l l yo r g a n i s e di n t o
sith
d e p a r t m e n tas c c o r d i n gt o t h e i r r o l e .E m p l o y e ew
s i m i l a rj o b s ( f u n c t i o n sa) r e g r o u p e dt o g e t h e rE. . g .
p r o d u c t i o nf ,i n a n c i n gm
, a r l < e t i nagn d h u m a nr e s o u r c e s .
AREA
S o m eb u s i n e s s eosr g a n i s et h e i r a c t i v i t ya c c o r d i n g
t o g e o g r a p h i c a rl e a . T h i si s c o m m o ni n l a r g e
m u l t i n a t i o n ac lo m p a n i ebsu t i t m i g h ta l s ob e
a p p r o p r i a tfeo r m e d i u m - s i z ebdu s i n e s s eEs..g .a s m a l l
r e t a i lc h a i no r a f a s t - f o o dc h a i nw i t h b r a n c h e s .
EM
R
PRODUCT/CUSTO
T h i si n v o l v e o
s r g a n i s i n tgh e b u s i n e sisn t o d e p a r t m e n t s
. m p l o y e ew
sith
w h i c hf o c u so n d i f f e r e n tp r o d u c t sE
d i f f e r e n ts l < i l l w
s o r l <i n d e p a r t m e n tas c c o r d i n gt o t h e
p r o d u c t h e y a r e d e v e l o p i n gD. e p a r t m e n tcsa n a l s ob e
o r g a n i s e tdo s e r v eg r o u p so f c u s t o m e r w
s ith specific
n e e d sE
. . g .a b a n l <m a y h a v es e p a r a t ed e p a r t m e n tfso r
p e r s o n aal c c o u n t sa n d b u s i n e sasc c o u n t s .
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
P r o j e c t - b a s em
d a n a g e m e ni ts b e c o m i n gi n c r e a s i n g l y
p o p u l a r .E m p l o y e easr e g r o u p e di n t w o d i f f e r e n t
w a y s ,f o r e x a m p l eb y f u n c t i o na n d b y p r o j e c t .I n
m a n yc a s e st,h i s i s a t e m p o r a r ya r r a n g e m e ndtu e
t o a s p e c i a pl r o j e c LP. r o j e c t e a m sh a v es p e c i a l i s e d
e m p l o y e ew
s o r l < i n fgo r t h e m f r o m o t h e rd e p a r t m e n t s .
T h e s ee m p l o y e etsh e r e f o r er e p o r tt o t w o m a n a g e r s
* d e p a r t m e n t aal n d p r o j e c t .
:r
b
\ \ / l i : r t l i i r r c lo f s t n r c t r u c c l r i c sr o r r r o r g a r r i s u t i o nh a r e ? ( O r o r r c v o t t k n o u a l r o i r t . ) W h r i s i t o l g a r t i s c c l
lilic llris?
of tlrc diffcrcnt trpcs of corttltartr strttctttrc?C)orttparc
\\rlrat arc thc ach'antagcsarcl chsach'antages
l o r r r i c l c a su i t l r t l r c i d c a s o n t r a g c 1 4 2 .
C O M P A N YS T R U C T U R E
il
differentservices.
In transport,thereare largeloads,packetdeliveryand liquidand gas
ri
+
&
s
).
l ogi sti cs
tra n s p o rtl i n e s .It h a sa l sodevel oped
support(movement
andcontrolof stock)
fo r th e a u to m o b i laen ds teeli ndustri es.These
acti vi ti es
haveverydi fferentoperati onal
n e e d sa n dth e c o mp a n yneeds
to re-thi nki ts structure.The
Managi ngD i rectorhas
contractedfour consultants
to adviseon howto organise
the company.I
Consultant A
You think the cor-npany
should centraliseits adn'riristrationin a heaclquarters.
Departrlentsshoulcl
tl'renbe organisedaccorclingto the main functions ir-rthe company- operatior-rs,
finarnce,HR anclR&D.
This will n'rakeit easierto establisl-r
policieswhich will n'rakethe companymore efficient.Costscan
be recluceclby providir-rg
central servicessttch as HR and finance from ercentralisecl
Yotr
heaclquarters.
believetl'remodenrtechnologl,rnakes
it possibleto do this from a distance.
Consultant B
You believethat everypart of the companystmcturemustbe responsible
and accountablefor its
results.Yotr are alsoagainsthzivinga large centralzrdrninistration
and recoillmend that the con-rpany
- any changewotrld costa lot of noney. Your solutionis
continneoperatingfrom a sn-rall
headquarters
to maintain tl'representstnrcttrreof branch offices.However,certain branch managerswith specialist
kr-rowledge
and a concentrationof a particularractivityin their areawill havea double role. On one
hanclthey will continue to run a branch office/depot,but on the other har-rcl
tl'reywill harveoverall
responsibilityfor a line or activitvover tl-rewl'rolecompany.This rneansthey will have two 'profit and
loss'accottntsunder their control.This meansthat sornen-ricldle
managersmay reportto more than one
boss.
Consultant C
'matrix'
'product
Yott arguein favourof a
orgauisationwhere employeesreportto a
line' bossin tl're
headquarters,
aswell asto a local branchboss.This rneansthat productline bosses
will liaveto coordinatewitl'rbrancl-rbossesto rlrakethe most efficient use of each specialistir-rtl-reorgar-risation.
Tl'ris
in the companybut will help distribtrtethe availabletalent ar-rd
will require improveclcornmur-rication
skillsin the cornpanies
to meet the needsof eachbranch office.
Consultant D
Your solutior-ris radical.Your adviceis to breakthe preser-rt
companyup into separatecompanieswithin
a grollp.Eacl-rseparate
companywill operateindependentlyand concentrateon one particularactivity.
This will encourageconpetition, clearaccountabilityand profit responsibility.Il sornecasesthis will
mean creatingnew offices.You believefuture growtl-rwill be fasterasa resnltbecatrseeach company
will I'ravethe organisationthat fits its needs.For exan'rple,the logisticssupportto car factoriesis more
concernedwith stockcontrol in rvarehouses
than transport.
3 Now look at page139to reaclabouta similarcompanyin Spair-r.
Is its organisation
to what
sin-rilar
votr cliscussed
ir-r2?
il&SilST{-J#Y
COMPANY
5TRUCTU-'
E
JUDITHDOYLEHTTP:/A|/WW.PERSONNELTODAY.COM/ARTICLESl2OO0lll/22/31254ruORK-LIFE-BALANCE-D
OVER-SIMPLISTIC.HTML
Reportedspeech
2
in 1.
Look at this sentencefrom the converszrtion
He
.. ..
b He ......
we were overstaffed.
ne we were overstaffed.
Questionwords
What wordsare missingfrorn the followir-rgsentences?
'Where
I wasgoing.
a
are you goittg?'He askedme . ....
'Wl-ren
.
I wasgoing.
b
are you going?'Heaskedrre
'Are
I wasgoing.
c
you going?'He askedrrle . ..
1?oFFrcE
GossrP
E
Tenses
5 Complete the sentencesbelow.
'l'm
b u s y .'H e s a i dh e ..........
busy.
'l'll
startstraightaway.'He saidhe ...........
away.
a
b
straight
D
C
D
C
'
There'ssomethingI want to
;h
What's it abor-rt?
Oh, well, we're missinga laptop h)
What hasthat got to do with me?
Well, you are the only other personwith a i)
"?
......
from the store.
to the storeand ...
Conversation 3
E Marie, the figuresyoll need are j)
F Thanks, Pedro.Is everythingk)
E Yes,no problems.Would you like to l)
themwithme?
F Yes,but I'm a bit m)
iht;;ii;;;;;;
E Me too. Er, do n)
that new caf6 they'vejust opened?It's nice and
. We can go through them there afterp)
o)
F Oh,I q)
so, but I won'tbe ableto stayfor long.
. thereat aboutsix,then?
E Great.r) ........
.......
F Yes,all right. Seeyou there.
Conversation 4
G Hi, Monica.
thingsgoing?
H Oh, hello, Ji-. s)
G Great. In fact, you can be the first to congratulateme.
......
H Yes,you look very t)
with yourself.What's up?
of the easternsalesteam.
G I'm the new u)
H Oh, really?What salaryare you on now, then?
ayear.
G v)
H I can't believeit. Sixtythousandl
G And they'regiving me a new w)
are on you. Seeyou later.
H Oh, really?Congratulations,then. The x)
G Yes.Bye.
,I7OFFICE
GO5SIP
E
GOSSTP
1 Reacltl'refollowing newsarticle.
a Wliat is tl'renervlaw?
b Do vou think it's;r goocliclea?Wl-ry/whyr-rot?
City Council
gagsworkers
Municipalemployees
in the Brazilian
cityof Cascavel
havebeen
b a n n e dfro m g o s s i p i ndgu ri n gworki nghours.U ndera new l aw
who spreadrumours
approvedby the citycouncil,publicemployees
facethe sack.Thecitysayscivil
or gossipabouttheircolleagues
environment
servants
havethe rightto work in a professional
and
i n publ i coffi ces.
c l a i mth e n e w l a ww i l l p ro mo tei ntegri ty
2
CL
to closon-retl-ring
b passon ir-rforrnation
which is not official and may not be true
be in a positionwhereyou can be dismissed
Discussion
3
a
b
c
d
r?oFFrcE
GossrP
E
'l'he
4
comments below were mzrcleoll a u'ebsite for office u,orkers. Rcaclthenr and classifvthenr in the
table. Tl-relr compare yorlr Lrnswcrswith a partner.
,, Gossipis good
Mixed feelings
s4i
;'li?li.+l.::::::::::-..
:::::::-:::-:::
_,,
,m
&\
tfi
li
Iri
tti
ll
Iri
rs
Iti
iir
.io';:..:tt*,rd
i;r'o
J a m e sP i t t m a n ,
England
l:,r
@ r"r:-tt*,.$
Janet Jones, Wales
Luke McCarthy,
Australia
A f r i e n d l ya n d c h a t t yw o r k e n v i r o n m e n m
t a k e se m p l o y e e sh a p p y .T h i sr e s u l t s
in a better levelof work from employees,which meansthe companymakes
m o r e m o n e y .A n y e m p l o y e rw h o b a n so f f i c eg o s s i pw i l l l o s em o n e yb y m a k i n g
the workforce lessproductive.
l n m y p l a c eo f w o r k g o s s i pi st h e o n l y w a y o f f i n d i n g a n y t h i n go u t a b o u t t h e
companystrategy.The managementrefuseto talk to most of the staff.
There'snothing worse than gossip- and it's mostlypropagatedby women
who have nothing better to do than YAPYAPYAP.
[r,i:str,:,*
hr;,,
N i c o l eM a r t i n ,
France
G o s s i pi s n ' ta b a d t h i n g . l st h e r e a n o t h e rw a y t o l e a r na b o u t o f f i c ep o l i t i c s ?|
see it as a healthyactivityand part of working in an office.
|}
s,*s{:+*iiinu,
PieterGroot,
Netherlands
r'o*stn,i:i
[ru,,
SanjayPatel,I n d i a
i-.'r,
i:r*si.r:*$
Claudia
Weber,
Germany
l s n ' tf r e e d o mo f s p e e c ha b a s i ch u m a nr i g h t ?H o w e v e ;t h e r e ' sa f i n e l i n e
b e t w e e nh a r m l e s a
s n d h u r t f u l r e m a r k sI. t h i n k i t ' sb e s tl e f t t o i n d i v i d u a ltso
d e c i d ew h i c h i s w h i c h .
$t*o.i,r:,
il r,:ii:r',,
J o h nM a s o n ,
Scotland
S o m eo f m y b i g g e s ti n s i g h t si n t o p r o b l e m sa t w o r k h a v eo c c u r r e dw h i l e
c h a t t i n gb y t h e c o f f e em a c h i n e H
. a v i n ga ( b r i e f )c h a t a b o u t t o t a l l y u n r e l a t e d
matters,although not directlyproductive,can actuallyimproveproductivity
b y b r e a k i n gu p t h e d a y a l i t t l e .
5 Tl-rephrasesbelow are fron the cotntletrts above. Complete the sentences witl-r vorlr own words ernc]
icleas.
a In rly placeof work,
b Any en-rployerr.vho
will
. ir'lr.:,''o,ti,rg*"r1.ir.'r;
cl
e I markean effort neverto
F A
i r , , ' f r, , r Jr r r i , , g
. work environrnent rnakes erlployees
oFFrcEGossrP
I
I
2
3
+
5
6
d encounged
e
f
chatting
tea trolley
, I
. I
b I
talking ir-rfon'r-rally
mobile refreshrnents
service
effort to get ilrore work done
seenasposjtive
not contintredwiti-r
staff
of con-rpar-ry
organisation:rncllraltagemer-rt
cltr .I
Roleplay
9 Work with a partnerand perfonl the following roleplayabout office policy on coffeebreaksar-rd
gossiping.
onpaBe\39.
R: Looka\theinstructro\\s
Speaker
irl the
SpeaLer A: Yol are one of the rranagenlent constrltants who prep:rreclthe stucly netrtioned-fry
to
machine.
to
the
coffee
trext
notice
below
the
see
yolr
ir-rtcrviervin B. In a client's cornpany
policy.
persuaclcthe client to cliange the
COMPANY NOTICE
Employeesmay tal<eup to three coffeebreaksper day.
Ma x i mu mti m e a t c o ff eemachi ne:four mi nutes.
of non-w orkrel atedmattersi s prohi bi ted.
A l l ' g o s s i p ' o rd i s c u s si on
Writing
10 Complete the fom'rbelow
F R 0 M : P e r s o n n eMl a n a g e r
M a n a g i n gD i r e c t o r
T0:
With regardto the companypolicyon coffeebreal<s,.
ln my opinion,
According to a report by the
trorrir'"t..'.i,
I n t h e r e p o r tt h e a u t h o rs a y st h a t . .
I t i s a q u e s t i o no f b a l a n c eb, u t . . . . . . .
ii oFFrcE
GossrP
E
17 oFFTCE
GSssIP
LANGUAGELINKS
.Bdnk,Social chat
ii goingr
.t{\reyou been?
yg[]rhard th,e news?
i."*;beliewit!
:i:i.
h it official?
they are going to ...
2 Complete the puzzle using the cluesbelow. Sometimesthe first letter has
been given.
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
l0
II
12
Vocabulary
Relationships
at work
1 Combine one word from box
A with one word from box B to
completethe sentencesbelow.
Peoplehavethe bestideas
in conversations
around the
Grammar
The companyhashired a
,J"rf
. "";;;;;;'::1l'i1,",,
communications.
What do you think about this
idea of removingthe chairsfrom
the
....,.....
so we
don't spendso long talking about
things?
What is the
on
taking coffeeor tea breaks?
Nowadayspeople say
insteadof
'personnel'.
Reportedspeech
say& tell
You can usesdl or tell to report what someonesaid.
say + something
o He says(that) he is happy in his new iob.
tell + somebody+ something
o He tells everyone(that) he is the company boss.
Tense
If you usethe pastforms said or told,yorshave to changethe verbsin the
original.
Present ) Past
. 'l like working on my own.' ) He said he liked working on his own.
will ) would:
. 'l'Il help you.' ) He said he would help me.
lToFFrcEGossrP
I
Pronouns
t
I
helshe
me )
himlher
mY t
his/her
my
your t
. 'l speakto your secretary
everyday.')
He told me he spoketo my secretaryeveryday.
Adverbsof time & place
+ thenlat that moment
now
t
today
that day
)
here
there
tomorrow t
the next daylthe following day
yesterday + the day beforelthepreviousday
. I'll seeyou here tomonow. )
He said he would seeme there the next day.
Most of thesechangesare logicaland naturaland
They dependon the
often similar in otl'rerlangr-rages.
differencesin tine, place ar-rdpeoplebetweenthe original
and the reportedconversation.
conversation
asked
For reportedquestionsyou can rse asked+ whatlwhenletc.
o What do you want?) He askedme what I wanted.
or asked+ if for reportingyes/noquestions.
o Is it official?) He askedme if it wasofficial
Practice
1
Complete the secondsentenceto reportthe first one.
I'm really enjoying rny job at tl-rernoment.
Sher ayt the'9-rcal:lyaweyin
l herleb at-the-r^ethent,
b It's too late to cancel the meetins.
I s aid
c We are having a lot of problernswith the production
departrnenttoday.
He told me
d What time t;M; K;;;;; ;;i;s to arrive?
He asked
e We should buy a new
He keepstelling rne
Is Mr Merchantavailable?
S heas k ed
The fixed costsinclude the office rent and equipment
hir e.
S hes aid
Where do yor,rwork now?
They askedme
I'll meet you at the airportat eighto'clock.
S h es a i d
I want to seeyou about the arrangementsfor tomorrow.
He told nre
Does the office open on Satr-rrdays?
He as k edm e
When will the documentsbe readyT
She asked
a
;;il;;; ;;;i;;
1?oFFrcE
GossrP
E
in the comPany.
Tm t)-rebestsa)esman
He keepssaying
Can I rnakea phone call?
H e askedi f
o What do you think of the new website?
He askedrne
Practice
2
Complete the sentenceswith saylsaid,tellltold, or askl
asked.
me you weren'thtppy
Why didn't yorr
job?
with yor,rr
......
....if we try to ban office
W hat w i l l peopl e
gossip?
Did he
what time you l'radto be there?
that I should keep my
d The bossalways
deskmore orgar-rised.
H e .......
....
me he w ashavi ngsecondthought s
for
about applying
the job.
t
I
him if he'sgoingto come?
Will you
g
on this.What doesit
I
can't
read
the
small
print
D
....?
me how you
h Everytime I visit them they
are.
I'll ....
you if you promiser-rotto
anythingto anybodyelse.
A report, to be releasedby leading insurer AXA next week, has found Britain's
pensionershave become a generation of silver surfers.
HTTP:/AA/\I/W.AXA.CO.UK/MEDIA/PRESSRELEASES/2007/PR20070202
1100.HTML
1 Cornpletethe sentencesusing the phrasesin the box. Then comparethen'rwith thoseon page 179.
Do yor,ragree?
you'reinterestedin quality who cares? you'reinterestedin price
you'reinterested
in qualityandprice
a
b
c
d
Discussion
2 Work with a partner.Ask each other the following questions.
When wasthe lasttirne yor-rbought somethingfor:
yourself?
somebodyelse?
a customeror clier-rt?
your company?
b What did you br-ry?
c What factorsinfluencedyor-rrdecisions?
d What kind of shoppingdo you like/dislike?
e How often do you buy things on the h-rtemet?
a
.
o
o
o
"ns
E-coMMr-.,
I
s"
Discussingadvantagesand disadvantages
5
b +h;
: access
1sE-coMMERcE
!
cl Irignprocn,ctiuity
i i,'';;;;" r,rii","ii";ii;;;
e
crearte
a good procluct/ scll it
Now listen:rnclconrpareyour:lnswers.
7 Work with a perrtner.Brainstonr the :rclvzrntages
anclclisadvantages
of the following:
a
b
c
d
Roleplay
E-COMMER"
H
,',ii
:u6
clevastzrtir-rgattdck
c ' ort1
r ;rrti ntlge v i c ' c ' s
govenrnrentatuclbttsirtess
sun,cillance
virtual classes
a rvicleptrblic
cligitalprodr-rcts
he:rlthcareproblerris
sociallretworks
n I
b t r " I
i1 :r classroot-u.
lessonswherethe stuclcnts
are not ph-vsically
a.largegrorlp of clifferentpeople.
DVDs, nrp3 music,ctc.
softrvare,
clectronicchipsrvhichcan controlthingsand comn-tttnicate.
clifficulticslooking:rfterpeoplewho are ill.
or
fricnclship,relationships
groupsof peoplewho h:rr.,e
interestsirr conrnron.
7 companies:urclthe statcwatching rvhatpeopleclo.
somcthing.
B a violent:ictionwhich completel\,clestroys
I
Z
3
4
5
6
d t r . I
r I
s t r h I
'l.hey
were
A group of technology experts have answerecla survey about thc ftrttrre of the htte rtret.
askecltheir opinion on tl-refollowing statenrents.Work rvith a parrtnerancl say if you agrec (/) or clisagrec
(X) witli eacli precliction.
2
agree or disagree?
At leastone devastating
attackwill collapsethe Internetin the nextten years.
As a result,therewill be more
cars,phonesand evenclothes.
in appliances,
Manufacturers
will usecomputingdevices
will arrestmorepeopleusingthisevidence.
government
Theauthorities
and business
surveillance.
'schooldays'in virtualclasses.
In ten years,moststudents
will spendat leastpartof their
family
will be lessclear.Everyday
betweenwork and leisure
Tele-work
and home-schooling
will grow,andthe barriers
lifewill changeasa result.
with othersto makemoremusic,art,and literature.
Theywill collaborate
TheInternetwill makepeoplemorecreative.
freelyonlineand will commandthe attentionof a wide public.
Theirwork will circulate
All media,including
audio,video,print,and voice,will streamin and out of the homeor officeviathe Internet.
that controlvideogames,audio,andvideowill becomethe centreof the livingroom.Theywill linkto
Computers
centralplacein the home.
the television's
networkeddevices
aroundthe house,replacing
peer-to-peer
freelythroughanonymous
digitalproducts
lnternetuserswill continueto easilycopyand distribute
networks.lt won't be possible
to stopthis.
will increase
as
in religionand in groupswhichbelievein usingviolence
fanaticsin politics,
Thenumberof dangerous
theirnetworksgrow online.
problems
service
and lackof
suchas risingcosts,poorcustomer
will helpsolvehealthcare
Onlinemedicalresources
access
to medicalcare.
aboutjob
will havea muchwiderrangeof information
Thesizeof people's
socialnetworkswill grow.People
personal
and products.
commoninterests,
opportunities,
services,
asa result.
in elections
Morepeoplewill participate
of security.
People
will votern elections
onlinewithoutproblems
E.COMMERCE
tf
D
communication systems.
You don't need to worry about
MAKING PREDICTIONS
1 Look at this sentencefrom the surveyon pageI16.
At leastone devastatingattackwiII collapsethe Internetin the
next ten yedrs.
This is a predictlon.You expresspredictionsabout the future
usingwll/. Underlir-re
other predictionsin the article.
2 Do you agreewith the predictionsin the article?Discuss
then-rlike this:
A
B
A
B
3 What otl-rerpredictior-rs
can you make about the Internet?
ln ten yedrs.all bankinewill be online.
Discussion
4 Tick Y (yes)or N (no) againstthe predictionsin the chart so that they are true for yor-r.Then discuss
them with a partner.
A Do you think yotill changeyour iob in the nextfive years?
B Yes,I do. I don't really like what I do now. How about youT
A No, 1 don't think I will. Thingsare goingwell and I like my iob.
next year
Y i N
infiveyears
l'll changejobs.
Our maincompetitor
will go bankrupt
:
i
l
l'll leave
andstartmy
owncompany.
Y jN
i
I
i
i
Everybody
will work at i
homemostof the time. i
i
i
Therewill be an
economicboom.
.
,
l ' l lm a k ea m i l l i o na n d
retire.
Mostemployees
will be
replacedby computers.
i
I
a-ti.,.
-S*U-ltt
There'llbe a world
$government.
"c-'+-j-'.;1,."'-ii1;d1".':ri-.
. E-LUrv'vrEKLE
I
Grammar
LANGUAGELINKS
will f or futurepredictions
Affirmative
H a v i n ga g o o d j o b i s o n e t h i n g , b u t e a r n i n ga l o t o f m o n e y i s a n o t h e r .
1 Match eachr.'crbon thc left to the itcnr on the right that it collocatcsn,ith.
'l'hen
trsetlie phrasesto conipletethe selttcnces.
U
I
CI
nll] uP
trv on
ACCCSS
il
I like to
I
2
3
4
5
6
a bill
the conr.'ers:rtiorr
a netrv_qrk
p ri c e s
the clecision
elsu'calter
lr H i sc ' l r i l r l r tl' r r n c
thc hrtenrctall clar,long.
When ihc askecltcr
h : t l' eone in hc r si z c .
Hp
-,She
,,
We
They
w
- -i "l l' .n_o-twon't
work
Interrogative
will
Won't
you
he
-h^
)I IE
work?
rt
WC
thov
'ltr
We
They
I
You
S h o p p i n&
g theInternet
collrp:tre
influerrce
listen to
work
Negative
Vocabu lary
t)
will
'll
II
A n o t h e rp o i n t i s . . .
2I
LJn
::=
\NA
, ""
S e c u r i t yi s a n i s s u e .
I
You
E-COMMERCE
(Nor
.)
(Nor
Practice
3
Make questionswith do you think ...
will ...?and then write answersthat
are true for you.
a
. wh;;; t g,o
l i,","fh;iil;;i
d "r-',"e.
lil; ,;';;ii;;;;;;;;
. l;;. /;.igr,,lihif-""ii'z
.)
Practice
1
Join the sentencebeginningswitl'rthe*endingsusing will + the verbsin the box.
affect arrive be
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
continue get
Prices ...
willcontinue
Th e r e . . .
Th e m anagingdir e c to r...
Th e gov et nm ent . ..
YoungCeorge...
Th e c or npany. . .
Life here ...
Th e plane. . .
The political sitr-ration
...
go
lr everdrive lFenarr?
Practice
2
Reorganisethe wordsto make correctsentences.
a
any
new
you
system won't
with
have problems
wontha/.e..Ary..pbblery':-.wi.th.t-he.ne:w.2yr1e,h0,.
Y-qu
... ... ......
b information think
you'll
the
Internet I
on
i;;
Berlin
d |uan
you'll
good
have
time
think
Montes
think
see
you'll
there
think
do
time
yoll
what
long
l-row
us
we'll
shopping
make
;;;
before
think
arrive
will?
will
get
it
I
to
money
;l"pr. ,;; il
them
most
think
I
he'll
uri
go
"
Iot
don't
take
time
'
the
in
the
;i;;t; i;
[-rave?
to?
any
of
to
don't
have
;;il;;
ih;)
rsE-coMMr-.,
E
19 E-WORK
a
b
c
d
e
Sayif the following statementsare true (T) or false(F) accordingto the article:
tr
I
I
I
I
Make money
Conditionals
3 Complete the phrasesfrom the dialoguewith tl-remissingwords.There is a gap for eacl-rword contractionscount asone word.Then listenagainto checkyour answers.
a If i t.............
...
s o e a s ye, veryone
.....
do i t.
b T h a t' sa s h a m e I. ............... ... mi nd w orki ngat home i f L.........
the opportunity.
c I'rn not so sure.I wouldn't misstravellingin to work everyday,but if L.......
at home,
the contactwith peoplehere.
d That'strue, but if you
. . ..just come in a coupleof daysa week,it ...
okay.On the other hand, unlessyou
somewherequiet to work, it
b' dirficult
t" to"Jiiltlilf.l":T;"*n?,
,rdon,r
. .D;;;; ihi;k
know
r
f
if it
'J
D
1sE-woRK
E
5 A conrp:urv nr2urlrgeris sitting in his office che:uring :rbout hon' he coulcl changc his life. Prrt lris
icle:rsinto a chain of conclition:rlsto recreatc his clrearrtlikc this:
If I left ntt iob, I'cl spend nutre tinrc ctt honrc. If I spent ntore thne dt |rcnrc, ...
be an enormoussuccess be completelystressedout again be more relaxed
come up with a reallygreat businessidea have a lot of responsibilities havetime to think
set up a company
haveto work harderthan I want to
TELEWORKING
't
l u t sc ' l r i l c l r e r r l
lives in thc cotrntn,?
cloesn't have fixecl hcltrrs?
e
f
Speaker1
Country
Speaker2
Discussion
opinion?Wh:rt u,otrlclthe nrain
3 Which of the spe:rkcrs
is nr:rking:rbettertrscof tcchnology,in 1's111
of lr'orkitrgfrotl hotne be for 1'orr?
arclvarttatgcs
anclclisaclvantages
E-WORK
Disadvantages
Theworkplace
T h ew o r k i n g d a y
Commuting
T e c hn o l o g y
E f fi c i e n c y
Costs
Motivation
Family
WORIflNGAT HOME
m'
Theadvantages
anddisadvantages
--l
*,4p
'
***agglf
t-,t-.
f r o m d i f f e r e n ti n d u s t r i e as b o u tt h e i r e x p e r i e n c eosf t e l e w o r l c i n g .
A s y o u w i l l s e e t, h e r ew a s q u i t ea w i d e v a r i e t yo f o p i n i o n s .
f
and
mppf
nernr nonnle
6
7
WORI<ING.'
' Y o u d o n ' t h a v et o s i t i n t r a f f i c j a m s o r w a l l <t o w o r l <i n t h e r a i n . 0 r l i s t e nt o p e o p l et a l l < i n g
l o u d l yo n t h e i r m o b i l e so n t h e t r a i n . '
' l t h i n l <f i n a n c i a l l y o u m i s so u t o n p e r k sl i l < es u b s i d i s erde f r e s h m e n tosr t r a v e l . '
' L i f e i s d e f i n i t e l yc h e a p e fro r t h e e m p l o y e e . Y osua v eo n t h i n g sl i l < et r a n s p o r ta n d s m a r t
l e i s u r et i m e . '
' S h a r i n gi d e a sa n d p r o b l e m sw i t h y o u r c o l l e a g u ecsa n m a l < ey o u m o r e p r o d u c t i v ei n s o m e
rn
fv
11
I2
13
j o b s .A n d t h e g o s s i pc a n b e r e a l l yi n s p i r i n g ! '
\Qnano
n r n h o a p r o b l e mR
. o o m sc a n b e c o m ea n u n p l e a s a nmt i x o f h o m ea n d o f f i c e . '
vPquL
uqrr
vL
*#ry
qM,
ffiffi,.t:i ;, I
#i
iif:i'.;:i'1';,'
ffiw
#Mw
w
ffi
.sM'
A"
15
c om f o r t a b l e . '
' l t c a n b e d i f f i c u l tt o g e t d o w nt o w o r l <Y
. o u h a v et o b e v e r ys e l f - d i s c i p l i n e d . '
' l f y o u h a v ea t e c h n i c apl r o b l e my, o u ' r eo n y o u r o w n . T h e r e ' ns o I T e x p e r tt o c a l l o n . '
16
14
'There is no gettingaway from the family.When you worl<in an officeyou get a chanceto
pqa2ntr
" "'eP
"%,",.^4
W h a t d o p e o p l er e a l l yt h i n l <a b o u tw o r l < i n g
f r o m h o m e ?W e i n t e r v i e w ead c r o s ss e c t i o no f p e o p l e
E-WOR
Vocabulary
6
F,'ir-rd
rvorclsarncluhrascsin tlie tert lvhich nrealnthc szrme:rs:
;t
b
c
cl
e
f
g
li
r el i tr
cpleuesof czrrsand lorriesunable to move foru'arcl
benefitsnot includeclin your salary
p e o p l erv l roc a r' t s to pw o rk i rrg
( ) t r lo f t l l t c : r r r crlr ol o r r g errr s e f t r l
infonnal exchangeof newsanclinforrnatior-r
s l :rrt
trying to nrakc peoplework l-rarcier
I reave
rro'reve-ry:$J,[il:;',i.:H;il1;tili]"
or.r
trrew:rv
towork
h
8 Are the sentences
in 7 tnre fory617 If not, cl-range
them so thattheyare.
I Work rvith :r pzrrtneranclperforrnthe following roleplayabout the aclvzrnt:rges
of workir-rgat home or
in the office. Use tl'rephrarses
in tl-rebox to help yotr.
SpeakerA: You are a nlz-urzrger
il vour conrpany.You zrrer-regotiartilrg
with tire unions to introcluce
e-workin ye111
comp:lny.Convinceyour partnerof the:rclvantages
of workingat hone.
SpeakerB: Yotr are arlrniolr represent:rtive
in speerker
A's company.The ilran:lgelnentwantsto
introcltrceworking fronr honre but you are :rgarir-rst
it. Convince your partnerof the aclvantages
of office
work.
lf peopleworked from home, ... Most peoplefind / would find that ...
Fromthe worker's/ company'spoint of view it would mean ... At the moment, people haveto ...
There'llbe all sortsof problemsif ... I agreewith that, but ... That'snot necessarily
true, becauseif ...
E-WORK
l,
'i::
d Pcoplewoulclneeclgood conrputers...
e Our qtralityof life would inrprove...
f If I nevers:rwllry colleagues,
...
'l'l'rere'd
g
be problernswith this plan ...
i' i.,: ! i . :
LANGUAGELINKS
Phrase Bank: Explaining things
It's not really about working at home.
Then you are supposedto persuadeyour friends.
T h e i d e a i st o . . .
I doubt it reallyworks.
It soundsmore attractivethan it really is.
You can do as little or as much as vou want.
T h e b a s i ct o o l s a r e . . .
Vocabulary
Teleworking
'fhe
desk
flexibility
home
local
office
Grammar
(futurereference)
Conditionals
Yotr carruse if + past+ wouldlcouldto talk :rbout
hypotheticalor imagineclsituationsin the ftrture.'l'his
'secor-rcl
is often called the
Look at these
conclitior-ral'.
exarnples:
Condition
Consequence
lf I knew the answer, I'd tell you.
lf we got the order,
we'd haye yearsof
worR.
Conpare thesetwo sentences:
. lf the factoryshuts,over200 peoplewill losetheir iobs.
(Tl'respeakerthinks the situationis likely to happer-rir-r
tl re[ r r t r r r e. )
. If the factoryshut, over200 peoplewould losetheir iobs.
(The speakerthinks tl'resituationis unlikely or
irr-rprobable
in the future.)
Practice
1
Match the partsof tl-refollowing conditionalsenter-rces.
a If we wor k ecflr om h o me ,...
b If I spentlesstirre travelling,...
c Tl-recompanywotrlclsavenoney ...
Practice
2
DaviclerndSarahare a couDlewho live in Lonclonu,itl-r
their two yolrngchildren.Reacltheir conversation
and
complete it trsingthe verb in bracketsin the appropriate
tense.
Sarah Why don't we rnoveout of the city ir-rtothe
country?I'rn fed up lr,ith living here. It's so
stressftrl.
D avi d l f w e ta)
(live) in the cotrntry,it
(take)
aboutten ninutes for
tbr
you to get boredwith it.
(get)a
Sarah No it woulcln't.We (c)
nice big house- somewherewith a garden.T'he
(go)to a little village
kids (d)
(forget)about
school,anclr,r,e(")
all the streetviolence,trafficanclpollution.
David Btrt they (f)
(like) living in the
(n-riss)
city, anclthey (g)
their
(move)
friends.Also,if we (h)
into the country,we (i)
(spend)
all our tin'rein the car travellir-rg
in and out to work.
(ask)
Sarah Not necessarily.
If y611(t)
(let)
your comp:rny,they (k)
yotr work fronr home someof the time, anclrnine
would, too.
(have)to be
David I don't think so.I (l)
ir-rcontact with people in n-ryjob. Anyway, if I
(tr,)
(be)i n the houseall day,
(go)uazy.
I (n)
Sarah Don't be so lregative.If you (o)
(spend)rrloretirne at home, we (p)
(see)ilroreof you, and we could
do more thir-rgs
like going for walksand playing
(have)a better
tennis.Yotr(q)
qualityof life.
David I'm sorry.I just don't think you'rebeing realistic.It
(')
(be) a clrean.
(b.) lessselfish,yott'd
S a r a h l f y o r r( s)
at leasttl-rinkabout it.
(give)it
David Okay,I pronriseI (t)
somethought if that'swhat you want.
E_woRKE
Practice
3
Practice
5
Write conditionalsentences
usingthe prompts.
iJ",,'irir.;;;;i;;r d;;,:i;;,",i,.gy,;
g
D
l'l
H. drivesan expensive
car becausehe can affordit.
Practice
4
Cive adviceby cornpletingthe sentences.
a
b
i:,:jE-WORK
job
do
wl-rat would
you
if
choose
you
could
W-haf"b wovldyoude i{ yeueevldqhqo-te?
worrld
b live you
abroad you
where if
to
had
go
treat
were
people boss
if
the
you
I'row
you
didn't
language stucly would
English yolr
if
learn
would
what
you
salary
if
irr-rportant
Practice
6
Respondto the sentencesusing tl'reprompts.Decide if the
i s realor i rrragi rrary.
si l trati orr
a Are you going to tell the bossabout it? (lf / tell / she /
sackme)
No way.Xf t fofdher aboy.!.i!,.2lreld..qac?^e,......
....
b Do you thir-rkhe is goir-rgto get tlie job? (Unless/ get
nervous/ interview/ not have/ problems)
Yes,I think so.
Are you going to ir-rviteSarahto the party?(lf / invite /
Dave / haveto invite Sarahtoo)
I don' t haveany cl roi ce.
d Are you going to invite Su to tlie party?(If / invite / Su
/ haveto invite Dave too)
N o, I can' t.
and Janewould be upset.
I've got an awful l'readache
but we haven'tgot any
aspirin.(If / take i aspirin / you l feel better.)
Ol r dear.
In this job you haven'tgot er-roughtirne to take r-rpa
hobby. (If / have / tirne / do somegardening)
Yes,it'sa sharne.
He almosthad a accidentagainon Friday.(Unless/
stop/ driving like a maniac / kill himself)
W hat, agai rr?
Can you give rne his mobile number? (lf / know I giveI
it / you)
N o, I can' tI' rn afrai d.
i , ,.
i r':I
Discussion
with a partneror your teacher.
1 Look at the quote aboveand discussthe qr-restions
a Does tl'reresult of the CreativeCroup sllrveysurpriseyou?
b What do you think the otl'rerreasonsare?Compare your ideaswitl'rthe articleon page 141.
in 2 in order.
3 Put the linesof the conversation
Then listenagainand check.
Neil Klein
E fnir lookslike a very nice place,Satoshi.
E t'11try the unagi,then.
Soundsgood.
I Ot
"y
Ll What's that?
I Y.r, I reallylike the decor.Er, could you order
for both of us, Satoshi?
E H-, I'm sureit is.Actually,do you think I
could have a steak?
I Xo, no, let'shavesone sake.
Satoshi Tanaka
E n"a then I think you should try someunagi.
I It" eel - erilled and servedor-ra bed of rice. It's delicior-rs.
E Y.r, I thought you wor-rldlike it.
E W.li, I'm afraidthey don't servesteakhere.
E F it'r.. Would you like somesake,or would you prefersomebeer?
I Of course.I think we could havesomemiso soupto startwith. They do it verywell here.
@ nignt. Sakeit is,then.
2 0 W O R K I N GL U N C H
.'-,,
Starters
r tvna
fish
meat
vegetable
pie
nf
;att
.ili.l
ll::a::
.=,,
Onionbh4;i
ricedish
pastadish
:j lii
i r.ll
t .rl
Sa osn
.;i '
.,.ir,rlt's
.jll
madewith
madefrom
,.i.r
'.r:l
Main courgeg
tl
irrlili
vegetables
:,,l.,
servedwith
Chi"k"r, Ivladrar
e9gs
fruit
Ve1etableMiryanr
- -^t-.J
d Sdldu
potatoes
a sauce
with garlic
with spices
with herbs
i n o l i v eo i l
cooked
zrvisitor.Sotnctiures
b Inragineyou are entertarining
bttt vott u:'tt'
you czlntranslatethe nanresof clisl-res,
how tl-reyarrecookecl.Act otrt a
alsohaveto erplarir-r
r,vithzrperrtneranclexplaitrn'h:rteach dish
conversa.rtidn
on the rigl-rtto I'relpyotr.
consistsof. L.lsethe pl'rrarses
r . ' : .i ,
WHO DOESWHAT?
1 ff' ,, t.,, Coniplete the seconclpart of Neil anclS:rtoshi's
convers:rtion
witl-rthe phrasesin the box.
'fhen
listenanclchcck!or1r2urswers.
job title
reportto
for
responsible
i t i s i r r c ' l r a r goeF
b J e f f i sr r r l b o s s .
c' Wlrirt cloeslre clol
3 Act otrt conversartions
like the one in I trsingthe pronrptsbelolv.LJscyour owrr icleas,if yotr like.
iiji who you met
, Job title
Responsibilities
i Chairman/President
long-termstrategyand
planning
,ii:.i:
i.ii
i{, r,r,Arbright
i iii
i
l
, ,woRKrN
GN C H
LU
I
M a n a q i n q D i r e c t o r l JohnAtherstone
::
i)
i
:i Directorof Marketing/
policyandthe i Headof Asian
marketing
i SisiAlbright
r Vice-President
Marketing worldwidesalesforce : SalesDepartment ;
DOWN TO BUSINESS
1 ff -;r.+,:I
l,isten to Neil Klcin talking to Jeff Segraniwhen he rettrnreclto head office, anclansri,crthc
qucstions.
a Wasthe trip a success?
b Wliat cloyotr think liappeneclu,henthey got clor,r'n
to business?
2 S ;.*,* Now listcr-rto the converszrtion
behveenNeil anclSatoshi.What cloyotr think Ncil clicl
wrong?
3
Reaclthe infonlzrtiotrbelowetbotttcloingbtrsiness
in Jap:ur.Doesthis confinn your icleasin 2?
T h eH a r dS e l l
A hard sell is ofJenseenas offensivein Japan.Japanese
businesspeople
may think that you are trying
to convincethem becauseyour product is no good.It is betterto usea low-keysalespitch and give
them objectiveinformation.Japaneseare not accustomedto aggressive
Americantechniques
that usea
persuasive'winning'argument.
If you are not completelyhonestabout your product,your credibilitywill be
damagedand what you say will loseinffuence.Don't say that yours is tthe best on the market'.It is better
to say,'Wesold two million units last year.As you know,our closestcompetitorsold lessthan a million.'At
the sametime, be carefulnot to criticisecompetingproducts.In fact, the Japanesewill respectyou if you
mentionthe assetsof the competition.
Act otrt the conversatiortbetween Neil and Satoshi.but tliis tin're Neil shotrlclfollow the aclvicein
the text.
5 Do yotr harve:rny sinrilar cxpericnce of cloing business lvith cliffcrent ctrlturcs? What othe r clifferences
in the lvaty,sf cloing bttsitiess clo you ktrow abotrt?
M:tc,
1 Discussin groups.What operatingsystenrcloyou haveotr vottrwork conrpttter- Winclorvs,
l,intrx or son]eother? Do you find it easyto trse?Havc ]'ou r.llryerperict'tceof other oper:rtirtgsystems?
2 Reerd
the articlebclow.Why :lresonrecotnpaniesch:urgingto Lintrx?Wh;rt:rrethc trtainIT issues
that companiesarc concerneclabout?
O n eo f t h e w o r l d ' sl a r g e s tI T c o m p a n i e bs e l i e v etsh a t L i n u x
will take 20"/" of the marl<etfor desktopcomputersin large
i n s t i t u t i o n sw i t h i n 5 y e a r s .S i e m e n sB u s i n e s sS y s t e m st,h e
$ 6 b i l l i o n g l o b a l I T c o m p a n ys, a y t h a t a d e s k t o pr u n n i n g
Linux can be as effectiveas one usingWindows,but at a
s i g n i f i c a n t l yl o w e r c o s t . L i n u x i s a n 0 S w h i c h i n i t s m o s t
basic format is free. Users can also modify the program
c o d e a n d a d a p t i t t o t h e i r n e e d s- t h i s i s n o t p o s s i b l ew i t h
commercialsoftware.
Senior program manager Duncan McNutt says that
Siemenshas beenencouragedto investigatethe viability of
Linux by customerswho are annoyedby Microsoft'spricing
a n d l i c e n s i n gp o l i c i e s .H o w e v e rt,h, e r i s k s a r e h i g h - w h i l e
lower IT costs are important, maintainingproductivityis
even more critical. Just one day of productivitylost to a
s hen it is multiplied
t e c h n o l o g yp r o b l e mc a n b e d i s a s t r o u w
b y 1 0 , 0 0 0 o r m o r ew o r k e r s .
For this reason/they testedthe softwarewith secretaries
. i e m e n sb e l i e v et w o d a y s
a n d m a n a g e r sa, n d n o t I T p e o p l e S
o f t r a i n i n ga r e a l l t h a t i s n e e d e df o r t h e c h a n g et o L i n u x .
This is the same as the standardtime budgetfor upgrading
to a new versionof Windows/MSOffice.McNutt saysthat
Linux will save 20"/oto 30"/" in administrationcosts,507o
i n h a r d w a r ec o s t s ,a n d 8 0 7 o i n l i c e n s i n gf e e s . L i n u x a l s o
savesmoneyon hardwarebecauseit needsfewer resources
and can run on lesspowerfulcomputers.
A n d i t ' s n o t j u s t a b o u t s a v i n g m o n e y .W h i l e L i n u x
will save B07o over Microsoft's licensingfees,many large
customersare evenmore unhappyabout beingin a position
where Microsoftcan dictatetermsto them. Many European
i n s t i t u t i o n sa r e a n g r yt h a t M i c r o s o f t ' sl i c e n s i n gm e a n st h e y
cannot afford both upgradesand support on their current
budgets.In any case,they would prefer to use their IT
spendingto helpencouragea localtech industry,ratherthan
s u p p o r ta U . S .m o n o p o l y . T h e raer e n o w s e v e r ael x a m p l e so f
this at city governmentlevelin Germanyand France.
Source:www.linux.com
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
LINUX
D
The Head of Research& Development
You are very keen on Linux and know a lot about it. In fact, many of the specialisedscientificprograms
you usefor your work are only availablein Linux, and you are convincedthat it is a more secureand
stablesystem.You don't think that staffwill find it difficult to change to the new softwarebecausethe
new versionsare very similar to Windows. You are also part of a group on the Internet which is very
critical of Microsoft.You don't like Bill Gatesand asa questionof principle you think peopleshould use
open-sourcesoftwarebecauseit is better.
5 A companyin Australiadecidedto use Linux. Readthe article below.What happened?Why do you
think the situation createdby the new softwarewas unacceptable'from a businesspoint of view'?
cAsE
sruDY
L'NUX
L
01 INTRODUCTIONS
04 ASKING QUESTIONS
Across
2 website
3 list
5 e-mail
7 mouse
9 intranet
l0 l i n k
l l connection
14 virus
l6 browse
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
Down
I attachment
4 screen
6 download
8 online
lZ cl i ck
l3 si te
l5 su rf
02 WOMAN AT WORK
i
k
05 COMPANY HISTORIES
a
b
c
d
e
f
,g
b
h
i
j
03 TELEPHONE
TALK
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
InterAir / help?
Yes,please/ like / information / flight / Munich
Yes/ know / flight number?
The flight number?/ sure/ know / leavesMunich I 1,770
yes lIA345
Yes/ tell / time / getsin?
arrival/ 19l0
1910/know I deIayT
No / flight / on time
R.ight/ thank / much
welcome / goodbye
ADDTt.NAL MATERTAL
-[
become
launch
expand
produce
found
achieve
negotiate
bry
provide
increase
,,:jttidffi
02 WOMAN AT WORK
For
o Peoplehavean alternativesourceof information to TV, newspapers
and radio.
o ,Amore 'human'face for organisations.
o { good way of sharinginformation and ideasin an organisation.
e { good way to get feedbackon ideasand developments- readerscan make
commentsand suggestions.
o An opportunityfor the writer - showsthey havetalent and helpscareerprospects.
. Sometimeswriterscan make a living through advertising.
03 TELEPHONETALK
Speaker B
Situation I
You work for ADH Graphics.A potentialclient phonesyou. Listen to what the
customerwantsand completethe phone contact form below with the necessary
intbrmation.
05 COMPANY HISTORIES
Bill Gatesdidn't found Oracle, he
founded Microsoft.
The Wall StreetCrash didn't start
a worldwideeconomicboom, it
startedan economic depression.
The six Europeanstatesdidn't sign
the Treatyof Madrid, they signed
the Treatyof Rome.
The elevenmember statesof the
EuropeanUnion didn't adoptthe
pound asa common currency,they
adoptedthe euro.
Henry Ford didn't manufacture
the first mass-produced
electronic
components,he manufacturedcars.
Napsterdidn't have problemsover
peopledownloadingbooks,it had
problemsovermusic.
P H T I H EC S f I T A * TF B R M
OO(D Graphics
CALL I}ITTIATf,$ BY:
CALL HAt'lSLERr
ADDRES$:
COHTACT:
F0$ITI0ilr
NATUREOF BU$IilE$S:
PURPOSH9F f,ALL;
G0MMEHTST
ASTIOSI
TEOUIREB:
BY lS'fiOM:
IIATHAl'10TIME;.
Situation 2
You work as the Marketing Manager in the marketingdepartmentof a clothes,
manufacturet,Lewis & Co. You are looking for someoneto print somelabels
for your new rangeof jeans.The labelshave to be printed on quality card in h.vo
colours.They alsohaveto be cut to the shapeof the companylogo. You want
10,000labels.PhoneADH Graphicsfor an estimate.
ADDITIONALMATERIAL
{}.I HOTELS
,i:r;.i:
CORRESPONDENCE
'-l :
. r r J , : , t , i , :r , r , t i r t i l : , : rr i t i i t : 1 . :
'
D e a rM r H o l m b r o o k ,
D e a rM r H o l m b r o o k ,
T h a n ky o u f o r y o u r o r d e r .I j u s t w i s h
to confirm that we have received
y o u r o r d e r d e t a i l sa n d w e h a v e
startedto processthem. lf your item
W e a p o l o g i s ef o r t h e d e l a Yb, u t w e
haveworked out the shiPPingcosts
o f y o u r m o d i f i e do r d e r .l t w i l l b e a n
extra f6.99.
To activatethis transactionwe will
n e e dt o r e - t a k ey o u r c a r dd e t a i l s
i s n o t i n s t o c ko r i f t h e r e a r e a n y
d i s p a t c hp r o b l e m sw e w i l l c o n t a c t
you within the next 24136hrs.Please
contactus if you have not received
y o u r o r d e r w i t h i n 7 d a y sa t o r d e r s @
ot h a t w e c a n
c i c l o s c i c l o n e . c os m
resolvethe issue.
T h a n ky o u o n c ea g a i n .
Bestwishes,
heam)
C i c l o s C i c l o n( D
e e s p a t cT
Bestwishes,
D i e g oM a r t i n
D e a rM r H o l m b r o o k ,
Pleasedo not worry.We will sort the
p r o b l e mo u t f o r y o u , a n d Y o u ro r d e r
. n c ea g a i n ,
w i l l b e w i t h y o u s h o r t l yO
D e a rM r H o l m b r o o k ,
R e g a r d i n gt h e m o d i f i c a t i o ni,t w i l l
n o t b e a p r o b l e m .T h e t o t a l a m o u n t
f o r y o u r o r d e rw i l l b e f B 4 . B 5 .
I l o o k f o r w a r d t o h e a r i n gf r o m y o u .
Bestwishes,
p l e a s ea c c e p to u r a p o l o g i e s .
Bestwishes,
D i e g oM a r t i n
D i e g oM a r t i n
i.'{TSPIRITOF ENTERPRISE
:
,.
'i:'
Speaker B: Look :rt thc itrfomatiotr in the tablc. Work rvith )'ottr partuerto
over the
complete the rnissing infon-natiort :rrtclfincl out how Irtclitexhas ch:rr-rgecl
last four veelrs.
Inditex
Shopsworldwide
2,244
439
47,046
64
wherethe groupoperates
Countries
sales
7oof international
now
55%
Class,Pull& Bear,
eight- Zara,Kiddy's
C h a i n si n g r o u p
MassimoDutti,Bershka
Oysho,ZaraHome
Stradivarius,
Iu r n o v e r
5 , 5 6 9m i l l i o n
1 , 0 0 2m i l l i o n
Net profits
Headquarters
MATERTAL
ADDTt.NAL
E
Arteixo,LaCorufra
pay
*3 TELEPHONE
TALK
S# STRESSED
TO THE LIMIT
,,'.i:t$'fffTf,
ffiI,ff,
SpeakerA
Situation I
Yor-rwork astl-rePublicationsOfficer in the marketingdepartn'rentof Miki-char-r
FashionAccessories.
Yotrare cllrrentlyproducingyour new companybrochure.
This is a 3?-page,full colour brochure on high quality paper.You need 10,000
copies.Phor-re
ADH Graphicsfor an estirnate.The only problern is that the
brochureneedsto be readyin ten days.Can they do it?
Situation 2
You work for ADH Crerphics.A potentialclient phonesyou. Listen to what the
cttstomerwantsand completetl-rephone contactform below with the necessary
inforrrration.
ffiATH:
ffiALi-3ruTT$AYf,ffi
ffiY:
fli-$ilf'CTr
*nowrss.
#I}NTA#T:
$}SSITISN;
#Y',#$4SfVt:
SATfiAH* TIlVlflr
## WOMAN AT WORK
':,;.iir[itff
ffi li,ilfiiiiit*.T:$$
SpeakerA
Your partnerhasthe missinginformation. Complete tl'recl'rartby askingquestions
like tl-reonesin exercise2 on page 15.
iil lrt"rn"
Janice
Delia
.ij tobtitle
, "r|:
Directorof RetailSales
rypeor company
chainof clothingstores
iii wort
ing hours
'*ii Responsibilities
'rllj
ili'w..t
45
;i
.nd/Lateeveningwork
tit
i'ii nlouenjoys
iii rr.au"t
ili Horiouv,
internalclients.Peoplesheworkswith.
i Satisfying
i"Not o{ten.Tripsto differentstores.3 tradefairsa year.
'li
ADDTIoNAL
MATERTAt
E
TELEPHONETALK
. '
'l'hc
I\IR TRAVEL
,
Student A
1 Reaclthe article.
of the
2 Finclanclunclerlincin the articlefive exettrtples
passive.
3 Match thc five rvorclsanclphrascsin bold in the article
to five of thc clefinitionsbelou'.Ask yottr partnerlvhicl'r
u,orclsnratch the othcr five clefinitions.
for
:l conrpenszrte
n'ithoutjolts
b percentagcof u,orkingpoptrlzttion
c
SpeakerA: Buver
Ncgotiater,i'itlivorrrp:rrtnerto gct the bestclealpossiblc.
You get points for each categoryof tlie cleal- price, clttatrtih.,
ort:i price
eurcl
so on. Fbr er:rnrple,if votretgree
clclir,'cn'tinre,
o f (r ctu os ,\ iouget 2 poin ts ,o r 3 p o i n tsi f th e p ri c c i s 5 .5 .
'lb
Aclclvorrrpointsfor each categort'to gct vottr scorc. be et
ncgotiator)'ou hrtrrcto get at lcastten points.
strccessful
Points
Price
6.5
5.5
Quantity
200
150
100
units
Delivery
WCEKS
Payment
30
60
90
days
Guarantee
12
1B
months
tlseful language
Let'stalk about (,price'1
'l'hat's
nir' bestoffer.
Okar',I can go n'ith that.
It'sa dcall
I can't go an\'higher/1orver.
I can't clo that.
Can you help ure on this?
CORRESPONDENCE
A: S-A-C,car I help -votr?
CoulclI
Morctti fiorn StenrHy{1x11lics.
B : Ycs,this is F-,len:i
spenrk
to )ohn Bircl,pleasc?
here at the
A: Oh, hello, Fllena.I'm afr:riclfohn isr-r't
nronrent.Car-rI take a nressarge?
A D D I T I O N AM
L ATERIAL
f
g
rnotir.,:rtingfactors
nroneypaiclto pcopleuho clon'thavejol>s
shortage
Sl(ills
linl<ed
to jobinsecurity
A c c o r d i n gt o a s u r v e yw h i c hw a s c a r r i e do u t b y t h e
C o n f e d e r a t i oonf I n d u s t r ya, l m o s tt w o t h i r d so f t h e
c o u n t r y ' sc o m p a n i eas r e e x p e r i e n c i nags h o r t a g eo f s k i l l e d
w o r k e r s .I t i s a p r o b l e mw h i c h p a r t i c u l a r l ya f f e c t st h e
e l e c t r o n i cisn d u s t r y .
T h e c o m p a n i ecsl a i m e dt h a t t h e y p r o v i d e dt r a i n i n gf o r
their worl<force,but that this on its own was not sufficient
to covertheir staffingneeds.
In an attemptto mal<eup for this lack of skilled
w o r k e r s n, e a r l yh a l f o f t h e 6 7 0 f i r m sw h i c hw e r ec o n t a c t e d
saidthat they had increasedtheir useof temporarystaff,
and overa quarter intendedto do the samein the next year.
a
for the Confederation,
Accordingto a spol<esman
r e s u l to f t h i s s l < i l l s h o r t a g ei s a n i n c r e a s ei n f e e l i n g so f j o b
insecurita
y m o n ga t h i r d o f e m p l o y e e s . ' Iits i n c r e a s i n g l y
d i f f i c u l tt o p r o v i d ep e o p l ew i t h j o b s f o r l i f e , ' h es a i d .
Althoughover 607o of firms said staff were paid based
o n t h e i r s k i l l sa n d l e v e lo f c o m p e t e n c teh, e C o n f e d e r a t i o n
n o t e dt h a t w h i l es a l a r i e sa t m a n a g e m e nl te v e lw e r e
i n d i v i d u a l l cy o
, n d i t i o n fso r c l e r i c a l
f r e q u e n t l yn e g o t i a t e d
s e r eu s u a l l ya g r e e da t a c o m p a n y a n d m a n u a lw o r l < e rw
w i d el e v e l .
06 CORRESPONDENCE
SpeakerB: Choosea problem from tl-retable and tell SpeakerA. Begin l've got a
prohlem...SpeakerA will offera solutionand then tell you abouta problem.React
nsing one of the solutionsbelow. SayDon't worry,l'll ...
B l've got a problem,the batteryin my mobile'sfl.at.
A Don't worry,l'll lendyou mine.
Problems
Solutions
I can't understand
thesefigures.
My computerkeepscrashing.
I can't get an answerfrom the taxi service.
I needto speakto you urgently.
The printeris not workingproperly.
I don't know how to usethis program.
Our e-mailsystemisn'tworking.
1 4 H I R I N GA N D F I R I N G
4
Student B
I Readthe article.
2 Find ar-rdunderline in the article five examplesof the passive.
3 Matcl'rthe five wordsar-rcl
phrasesin bold in the article to five of the defir'ritions
below.Ask your partnerwhich wordsmatch the other five definitions.
a compensatefor
b percer-rtage
of workir-rgpopulationwithout jobs
c employeeswith training and abilitiesto do tecl-rnicaltasks
d peoplewho are unemployedfor a long time .. ....
e wl'ratemployeescan legallyexpectfrom their ernployers
f n'rotivating
factors.....
g noney paid to peoplewho clon'thave jobs
h all the peoplewho work in a country or for a company
i the nurnber of ernployeesa cornpanyrequiresto do its work
j workerswho have contractslirnited to a period of tirne
4 Which cottntrydo you think the article is about?Could it be your country?
Wliy? Why not? Explain your reasonsto your partner.
general
Unions
threat
stril<e
T h e w h o l eo f t h e c o u n t r yw i l l b e b r o u g h t o a h a l t i f p l a n s
for a generalstrike go ahead.Thethreatenedstrike has been
called by the unionsin reactionto the government's
attempts
to cut unemploymentbenefits.With the proposedchanges
unemployed
workerswill haveto take one of the first three
'acceptable'job offerswhich are put to them, if the place
of work is within 30 km of their homes.If they refuse,they
will losetheir benefits.Also,anyonewho is sackedfrom their
j o b b u t a p p e a l i n ga g a i n s t h e d e c i s i o nw i l l l o s et h e i r s a l a r y
e n t i t l e m e ndt u r i n gt h e p e r i o do f t h e a p p e a l .
The two main unions,eachwith overa million members,
say that the reforms are a direct attacl<on workers' rights.
Theysay the changeswill be especiallynegativefor those
ADDTT.NAL
MATERTA'
L
i.;,,i:,
CORRESPON
DENCE
SpeakerB: Yotr arreJohn Bircl.You unclerstancl
rvhy Eler-ra
Moretti is angry.Her company is onc ofyorrr best customers.
Your production department let yon dowl. They promised
to meet the clelivery clate but there was a transport strike ancl
sone colnponcnts didn't arrive. Apologise as ntuch elsyou
calt for rvhertharppcr-recl
:rltcl iltvent excusesfor everythir-rg.
Offer to pa1'for a l-roliclaly
weekencl in Lonclol for Elen:r, but
clon't n'rakearnypronrisesyou caln'tkeep.
SpeakerB
You were just about to send this e-nail to a colleague,when
they ring you. Answer their questions.
ftc)s
( } h f f i . # ! * ! '
D.h!
Reelv
AlolvArl
fo&ild
&.F
Mlrrb(ret
:i,rl:rl
$i:a'+;ls
lltil :
li,iiu$*flu+*.r::til
An n ua I sales meeti ng
.::::;;.
TIME
BE SLOPPY
A good hour or two can be gainedeveryfew weel<sif you
k e e py o u r d e s ki n a m e s s F
. r i d a ya f t e r n o o n as n d M o n d a y
m o r n i n g sa r e p e r f e c t i m e st o s e t a s i d ef o r c l e a n i n gu p y o u r
w o r l <a r e a .( 2 8 m i n u t e st o a n h o u r o n c e a w e e l ( )
THECOMPUTER
L o a dy o u r c o m p u t e rw i t h u n n e c e s s a rpyr o g r a m st h a t m a k e
y o u r m a c h i n er u n m o r e s l o w l yW
. h i l ey o u / r ew a i t i n gf o r t h e
Y o u ' r e o n f l i g h t 8 A 4 4 3 6 2 a t 1 9 5 5o n t h e 2 1 s t
D e c e m b e rf r o m L o n d o n H e a t h r o w t e r m i n a l 2 . Y o u ' l l
b e m e t b y a t a x i w h i c h w i l l t a k e y o u t o t h e f a c t o r yt o
m e e t M r F u e n t e s .l t ' s a b o u t 4 0 k i l o m e t r e sf r o m t h e
airport.
Y o u ' v eg o t o n e h o u r w i t h M r F u e n t e s T
. hen you leave
t o g e t t o t h e h o t e l f o r t h e m e e t i n g .Y o u ' l l n e e d t o g o
a c r o s sc o u n t r y .A v i s h a v e e i t h e r a R a n g eR o v e r3 . 6 o r
J e e p G r a n d C h e r o k e e ,w h i c h e v e ry o u p r e f e r .A n a r m e d
g u i d e w i l l a c c o m p a n yy o u . D o n ' t f o r g e t t h a t y o u ' l l
n e e d t o c a r r yy o u r p a s s p o r ta n d i n t e r n a t i o n a ld r i v i n g
l i c e n c ea t a l l t i m e s .
T h e h o t e l i s T h e L o d g e .l t ' s i n t h e m i d d l e o f t h e f o r e s t ,
t w e n t y m i l e sf r o m t h e n e a r e s tt o w n , a n d h a s 5 s t a r s .
A l l t h e r o o m s ( i n c l u d i n gt h e m e e t i n g r o o m ) h a v e b e e n
booked for the whole week.
T H EI N T E R N E T
B e v e r yc a r e f u lm i s u s i n gt h e c o m p a n yP C t o s u r f t h e N e t
for personalenjoyment.Your bossl<nows
the Internetis
a b i g w a s t eo f t i m e a n d i s w a t c h i n gf o r p e o p l ew h o a r e
d o i n gw e b s e a r c h efso r M P 3 s a n d g a m e s . T h e
b e s tw a y i s
t o u s ei t f o r a l l r e s e a r c hI .f y o u n e e da p h o n en u m b e rf o r a
c l i e n ta c r o s st o w n ,u s et h e I n t e r n e t o f i n d i t . M o s t p e o p l e
j u s t r e a c hf o r a p h o n eb o o l <w, h i c h i s f a s t e rt h a n u s i n gt h e
I n t e r n e t (. r o u g h l y9 t o 3 3 m i n u t e sa d a y )
0 F F J CC
E0 N V E R S A T T 0 N S
Enter businessconversations
aroundthe officethat are
t a l < i n gp l a c ei n t h e o p e n Y
. o ud o n ' t h a v et o b e a p a r t o f t h e
c o n v e r s a t i ovne r y m u c h .T h e i m p o r t a n t h i n g i s t o b e t h e r e
p h y s i c a l l yJ.u s t l i s t e na n d n o d y o u r h e a dw h e na p p r o p r i a t e .
( 2 3 m i n u t e st o 1 . 3 h o u r s )
MEETINGS
Go to everymeetingyou can get into.You'dbe surprised
a t h o w m a n yp e o p l em i s st h e o p p o r t u n i t yt o w a s t et i m e b y
a v o i d i n gm e e t i n g s0. n c ey o u ' r ei n a m e e t i n gi,t ' s a l l a b o u t
p l a n n i n gy o u r w e e l < e n od r, t h i n l < i n a
g b o u tt h e f o o t b a l lg a m e
you watchedthe night before.(Accordingto OfficeStudies
Internationalthe averagemeetingtal<es42 minutesand
m e e t i n g sh a p p e ne v e r y5 h o u r s .C o u n to n 2 - 3 m e e t i n g sa
weel<.
)
A d a p t e df r o m ' W a s t i n gt i m e a t w o r k ' b y G a l e nB l a c k
S o u r c ew
: ww.vgg.com
TETEPHONE
TALK
ADDTt.NAL
MATERTAL
*6 CORRESPONDENCE
#R WOMAN AT WORK
fi
iiuii:i -iilill
fi-l$prootems
..-.-i
,i
.,"
"
1
.
,d
l can'tunderstand
thesefigures.
My computerkeepscrashing.
We didn'tget yourfax.
Thisreporthaslotsof errorsin it.
| can'tremember
hisphonenumber.
I needto speakto you urgently.
I haven'tbookedmy flightto Berlin.
Theprinteris not workingproperly.
I don't know how to usethisprogram
I needthreecopiesof thisproposal.
I don't knowanythingaboutthiscompany.
Solutions
l ' l lg e ty o u a n a s p i r i n .
l'll explainthemto you.
l'll callthe lTtechnician.
l'll sendit to you again.
l'll go throughit and correctthem.
l'll lookit up for you.
l'll phoneyou thisafternoon.
l'll reserve
the ticketsfor you this morning.
I'llchangethe ink cartridge.
l'll showyou how it works.
l'll printthemout for you.
on the Internet.
l'll lookfor information
l'llfax the detailsto you instead.
l'lltakeyou to the airport.
..::..1
fili:i;uiliririi'i+iii.l*liii:irli:iiiii,rali\+r..iiil:rl::ili!rrir:ri:'
rrrll :rr.i:+n.l'irlii.ritllirr.,rr'i,i"i1
'r? oFFlcEGosstP
i. il,lilllili*, i$I$1i{1qi+ltiil:
idrHill$qifi
C O M P A NNYO T I C E
.
M a x i m u mt i m e a t c o f f e em a c h i n e : f o um
r inutes.
'
gos
s
ip'
o
r
A ll
d i s c u s s i oonf n o n -w o rl re
( l a te dmattersi s prohi bi ted.
CASE STUDY4
COMPANY STRUCTURE
Against
o Most people don't have interestir-rg
tl-ringsto say- rnostblogsare not
very good.
r Most peopleare not very good at
expressir-rg
their ideasclearlyin
writir-rg.
r Peoplewitl'rsornethingto saydor-r't
usuallyhavetime to write and
peoplewith tl-retirne have notl-ring
to say.
r { blog is easyto startbut difficult
and tin-re-consurning
to n-rair-rtair-r.
A blog whicl-ris not updatedgivesa
verybaclimpression.
r It isr-r'talw:rysa good idea to let
peopleto saywhat they tl'rink- it
can createan irnageof confusion
and conflictingmessages.
Cornpaniesare not clenocracies!
SffiE.COMMERCE
for
Wher-ryou buy sornethir-rg
yourselfwith yor-rrown rnoney,
you're interesteclin quality :rr-rd
pri ce.
Wl-renyou buy sorlething for
someoneelsewith your own
money,you'reinterestedin price.
When you btry son'rethingfor
else'smoney,
yourselfwith sor-neone
you're interestedin quality.
Wl-renyou buy somethingfor
solrleoneelsewith solneoneelse's
noney, who cares!
ADDITIONA'
'O"*':L
X8 E.COMMERCE
itjriir,i?,$j,t1;3,9x,rjs:sff
:ri
Sorre expertsdid trot either lgree or disagree.In some casesthey did not answerand in othersthey gavea different answer.
Agree
At leastone devastating
attackwill collapse
the Internetin the next10 years.
660/o
Manufacturers
will usecomputingdevices
in appliances,
As a result,therewill be more
cars,phonesand evenclothes.
government
and business
surveillance.
Theauthorities
will arrestmorepeopleusingthisevidence.
59%
15Yo
ln ten years,moststudents
will spendat leastpartof their"schooldays"in virtualclasses.
57%
18o/o
Tele-work
and home-schooling
will grow and the barriers
betweenwork and leisure
will be lessclear.Everyday
family
lifewill changeasa result.
56%
17o/o
TheInternetwill makepeoplemorecreative.
with othersto makemoremusic,art,and literature.
Theywill collaborate
Theirwork will circulated
freelyonlineandwill commandthe attentionof a wide public.
54o/o
All media,including
audio,video,print,andvoice.will streamin and out of the homeor officeviathe Internet.
Computers
that controlvideogames,audio,andvideowill becomethe centreof the livingroom.Theywill linkto
networkeddevices
aroundthe house,replacing
s centralplacein the home.
the television
53%
19o/o
52%
20o/o
Thenumberof dangerous
fanaticsin politics,
in religionand in groupswhichbelievein usingviolence
will increase
as
theirnetworksgrow online.
50%
23%
Onlinemedicalresources
problems
will helpsolvehealthcare
suchas risingcosts,poorcustomer
service
and lackof
access
to medicalcare.
4\o/o
22%
T h e s i z e opf e o p l e s s o c ni aelt w o r k s w g
i l rl o w . P e o p l e w ihl la v e a m u c h w i d e r r a n g ei no f o r m a t i o n a b o u t j o b
opportunities,!ersonal
services,
commoninterests,
and products.
42%
29o/o
People
will votein elections
Morepeoplewill participate
onlinewithoutproblems
of security.
in elections
asa result.
39%
30%
HOTELS
city
chain
Amsterdam
price city
chain
408
CrownePlaza
10(
329
BestWestern
| /6
1BB
330
CrownePlaza
Accorhotels
qaA
New-york HiltonInternational457
1q7
CrownePlaza
268
t>t
BestWestern
260
420
394
HiltonInternational? q 7
381
rafls
Accorhotels
260
361
BestWestern
l+6
254
ADDTT.NAL
MATERTAL
'
1To/o
476
238 , London
494 :
Geneva
price
Accorhotels
Frankf
urt
11o/o
H.WORK
Hiltonlnternational2 7 2
Disagree
'
Advantages Disadvantages
Theworkplace
11
Theworkingday
t7
Commuting
Technology
ll
Efficiency
Costs
lo
g
,
t5
Motivation
t0
1
b
t+
Family
4
I
CORRESPONDENCE
AIR TRAVEL
\cross
Down
1 clelivery
2 irrirnccliate
11'
6 prolnpt
3 expetrsive
B infonnal
4 s i g n a tu l e
9 h:urclrvriting
5 clctails
10 farx
7 c o u ri e r
l3 busincss
11 apologise
I5 cor r c s ponc lenc e1 2 re p l v
1 9 cliec k
1 4 In tc rn c t
ZI clec is ion
16 worriecl
22 lressage
17 phoning
24 arrnoyecl
1 B n ri s ta k e
28 u'elconre
20 that
29 clor,r,n
23 skills
30 confirn'r
2 5 o rc l e r
26 scncl
27 cost
S P I R I TO F E N T E R P R I S E
SpeakerB: Seller
Ncgotiateu,ith r,ottrpartncrto get the bestclcalpossible.
Yru gct pointsfor
ef the deal- 1>ricc,
eaclrcartegorlr
cpraptih,,
cleliveryti1re,alcl so o1. F-or
if 1'o11
zlgrceotl:r price of 6 ctrros,1''tt get 2 poittts,or 3 pointsif
cxetnrple,
the price is 6.5.Add I'ottrpointsfor eachcatcgorvto get rrottrscorc.To be a
negoti:rtor
succcssfitl
1'olrhetvcto get at le:lstten points.
Points
Price ,
5.5
6.5
Quantrty
100
150
200
un|tS
Defivery
WEEKS
Pavment
90
60
30
d:rr<
Guarantee
18
12
months
Llseftrllanguage
Let'stalk abotrt(price)
'l'l'rat's
n'rybestoffer.
Oka\,,I c:ltr go u,ith that.
It's a cle:rl!
T h e I n d i t e xg r o u pc o n s i s t so f a l m o s ta
WORKINGLUNCH
h u n d r e dc o m p a n i e ds e a l i n gw i t h t e x t i l e
d e s i g np, r o d u c t i o na n d d i s t r i b u t i o nI.t s
u n i q u em a n a g e m e nt e
t c h n i q u easn d i t s
(a) haveturned Inditex into one
successes
o f t h e w o r l d ' sl a r g e s tf a s h i o ng r o u p s .
The first Zara shop(b) openedin 1975
i n A C o r u f r ai n n o r t h e r nS p a i n .O v e rt h e
yearsthe group (c) has addedother chains
to the originalZara, eachcoveringa
differentmarketsector.In 1991 the group
( d ) c r e a t e dP u l l & B e a r a
, nd in 1995
( e ) a c q u i r e df O O y "o f M a s s i m oD u t t i .
Bershka(f) started its activity in 1998,
f o l l o w e db y t h e a c q u i s i t i o n
of Stradivarius
i n 1 9 9 9 . T w oy e a r sl a t e r I n d i t e x
( g ) l a u n c h e d0 y s h o a
, c h a i ns p e c i a l i s eidn
fashionablelingerieand underwear.
In the last four yearsthe numberof
s h o p si n t h e g r o u p( h ) h a sr e a c h e da
figure of overa three thousand,and the
group now has operationsin 64 countries
B a dt a b l e m a n n e r s .
D r e s s i n tgo o c a s u a l l y .
B u t w h a t e l s ec a n g o w r o n ga n d h o w d o y o u l < e e p
i t f r o m h a p p e n i n gH
? ere's
ua
x s ' t h a ta r e e a s i l y
a l o o k a t s o m eo t h e rc o m m o nb u s i n e s s - l u n c h ' f a p
preventabl
e:
. Choosing
. o r e x a m p l ei:n v i t i n ga p r o s p e c t i vcel i e n t
t h e w r o n g r e s t a u r a n tF
.
S a y i n gt h e w r o n gt h i n g .A t a n A m e r i c a nb u s i n e slsu n c h ,i t ' s c o n s i d e r e d
inappropriateto get down to businessbeforethe waiter has handedyou the
m e n u .I n o t h e rc o u n t r i e sy,o u d o n ' t t a l k b u s i n e sus n t i l t h e f i r s t g l a s so f w i n e
h a sb e e np o u r e da n d t h e h o s t o f f e r sa t o a s t .E l s e w h e r eo,r d e r i n gw i n e i s
by 25Y".
D e s p i t ei t s s i z e t, h e g r o u ps t i l l c o n t r o l s
A r t e i x o ,a v i l l a g ei n t h e n o r t h w e s t o f
S p a i n ,b u t i n 2 0 0 3 i t ( j ) f i n i s h e dw o r l <o n
' P l a t a f o r ma E u r a p a ' a n e wd i s t r i b u t i o n
,
centrein Zaragoza.
w h o i s a l l e r g i ct o s h e l l f i s h
t o a s e a f o o dr e s t a u r a n t .
of
S i t t i n ga t t h e w r o n gt a b l e .W h a t i f y o u c a n ' t d i s c u s tsh e d e a l b e c a u s e
all the noise?0r the quiet restaurantwhereyou haveto whisperfor fear of
is
beingoverheardby the peopleat the nexttable?The idealestablishment
w o r l d w i d eI.n t h e s a m ep e r i o ds, a l e s
(i) have increasedby 22"h and net profits
I can'tgo :ur)'higher/lou,er
I can't clothat.
Can votr help rne on this?
c o n s i d e r eidn a p p r o p r i a t e .
.
^DDrrroru^r
v^rExrH,E
a"?
{:-e%ffi.%-Y-L$ff3Y
f,#$wp&ruv $TffiL$ffgqjffiffi
Advantages
Disadvantages
Functional
- eachdepartment
focuseson its own work
Specialisation
- someoneis responsible
for the section'
Accountabrlity
theirsand others'roles
understand
Clarity* employees
By Product/
Activity
needs.
Clearfocuson marketsegmenthelpsmeetcustomers'
betweendivisions.
competition
Positive
profrt
canact asseparate
Bettercontrolaseachdivrsion
centre.
By
Geographical
Area
Servelocalneedsbetter.
competttton.
Positive
betweenfirm and local
communication
Moreeffective
customers.
Conflictbetweenlocaland centralmanagement.
andfunctionse.g.a differentsales
of resources
Duplication
forcefor eachproduct.
By Project
C a nm a k eo r g a n i s a t i o nbaolu n d a r i el es s sc l e a r .
way of
or cross-functronal
a multi-disciplinary
Facilitates
mayreportto
asemployees
linesof accountability
Confuses
worktng.
managers.
different
several
hierarchy.
Canflattena business'
to itscoreactivities
according
is organised
a business
Ensures
skills.
Makesbetteruseof employees'
HOTELS
Largest
Tallest
Most expensive room
Highest
Most northern
Most southern
Oldest
M G MG r a n d
RoseTower
MGMGrand
LhasaHotel
Ny-Alesund
Ushuaia
HoshiRyokan
LasVegas
UUDAI
LasVegas
Lhasa
Norway
Svalbard,
Argentina
Ushuaia,
Awazu.Japan.
6,276rooms
72 floors
$5,000room/night
12087feet abovesealevel
11 " 5 6 ' , E
78"55',N
54"48'S68"18'W
l t o p e n e di n 7 1 7.
WOMIIN AT WORK
SpeakerB
I 5.
Yotrr parhrerliersthe rttissingi;rfor1ratio1. Colrpletc the chart bt' asking cluestionslike tlie ones iti ercrcise 2 on page
Name
Janice
Jobtitle
Manager
Production
lypeoi company
softwarecompanY
W o r k i n gh o u r s
40-50hoursbut can be up to 75
Normally
Responsibilities
offices.
with international
Managingwebsite.Liaising
evening work
Weekend/Late
Most enjoys
to the
that makesa realdifference
Doingsomething
company.
Iravet
tripsto otheroffices.
Occasional
Holidays
3 weeks
A D D I T I O N AM
L ATERIAL
Delia
$J INTRODUCTIONS
.$ r"m'x
lil
.$ r"ma
Hello and welcome to BusinessThlk. If you've
ever had a meal in an Indian restaurantin
the UK, you've probably sarnpledthe subject
of this week's programme.'l'his rnonth we
are looking at the retail food trade ancl today
we examine the arnazing sllccessof one of
the fastest-growingbeer brar-rdsin the UK.
Cobra exportsto rrore than 45 countries
worldwide, and now with subsidiariesin India,
$X WOMAN AT WORK
$ "t.mx
A: Wl'rat's tl-rat?
B: Ol'r, it's a blog by a worr-ranwho's a top
manager in a big telecom company.
A: Wl'rat does she say?
B: It's abor-rtl-rerdaily routine. I wonder I'row
she can survive on five hours' sleep.
A: It's probably not true. People can invent
anything they like in blogs. What do you
think about people blogging?
B: It depends what you rnean by blog.
A: Well I'd say tl-ratn-rostpeople who are
normal don't have nuch to say that's of any
i r r t e r e st o a n y o n e e l s e .
B: Yes, you're probably right, but it depencls
on tl'retype of blog. Technical blogs can be
cuite usefr-rl.
A: What do you mean?
B: You have some problen'r with tl-re
cor-nputer,do a search on Google and fir'rd
the solution in some techie's blog.
A: Okay, br,rtthat's an example of a blog
A: H i E d d i e . H o w a r e y o u ?
B : Oh hello Jennie. I'rr fine. Ancl you?
A: Fir-rethanks. How's Fiona?
B : Oh, she'sokay. She'sgot a new job.
A: Really, that's goocl.
B : Well, yes, I strpposeso br-rtI'm worriecl
she'sworking too l-rard.
LrsrENrNG
scRrPrs
L
03 TELEPHONE TALK
$ r.os
A A: Yes?
B: Can I speakto DerekLaMotteplease?
A: Who?
B: DerekLaMotte.Is that ILM?
A: What number did you want?
B: 0837 621882.
A: No, I'm afraidyou've got the wrong
number.
.$ r.oe
from 901586759at
B You haveone message
'Hi,
it'sDavehere....
18.30on April l. ....
$ r.or
C C: This is the BetaGuidedirectoryservice.
Which city?
Donna speaking.
D: I'm in Portsmouth.Can you give me
the number of BudgetCar rental
please?
C: fust one moment.I havethree
numbers.
D: Oh. I needto call them to reporta
+
breakdown.
C: Okay.It mustbe this one.
D: I think the number...
E: The numberyou requireis 0453
678234.The numberyou requireis
0453 678234.
$ r.oa
D F: UKN Sptems.fanetspeaking.
G: Morning. My name'sPeterBland from
PressicSA. I arrangedto meet Derek
LaMotte atE factoryout here on the
Houghton IndustrialEstatebut I can't
find it. Could you giveme his mobile
numbersoI can askhim whereit is?
F: Err, yes.fust one moment.
G: It's probablyjust aroundthe corner.
F: It's 07663493782.
G: I'm sorry.Could you saythat againa bit
slower?
F: 07663493782.
G: Right. Got it. Thanks.
F: Bye.
G: Yeah.Goodbye.
@ r.os
E Remember,you havethe chanceto win
I'll
I1000.Ringnow on 0902386980.
repeatthat for you. If you know the answer,
phoneus now on 0902186980.
$ r.ro
A: InterAir, can I help you?
B: Yes,please.I'd like someinformationabout
a flight arrivingfrom Munich.
A: Yes.Do you know what the flight number
is?
B: The flight number?I'm not sure.I know it
leavesMunich at 1770.
A: Oh, yes,that's1A345.
B: Yes,that'sit. Could you tell me what time
it getsin?
A: Yes,the arrivaltime is 1910.
B: 1910.Do you know if there'sany delay?
A: No, the flight is on time.
B: Right, thank you verymuch.
LrsrENrNG
scRtPrs
E
A: You'rewelcome.Goodbye.
.@r.rr
readmy notesback?
A: Yes,go ahead.
B : You wantquotesfor print runsof 10,000,
20,000and J0,000of an A5 1O0-page
manualin blackand white.The cover
the
is in colourand you'll be presenting
materialon CD.
A: That'srigl'rt.
B : Would you like me to visit you with some
samples?
A: Yes,okay.
B : Would tomorrowmorning suit you?
A: No, I'm out of the office tomorrow.How
about Friday?About ten o'clock?
Friday...the l6th ... at ten.That'sfine. I'll
bring the estimateswith me and we can
the detailsthen.
discuss
Fine.
Oh, couldyou giveme the address?
Yes,it's 14,ClaphamRoad,London SWl4.
And your telephonenumber?
0207 8394216.
02078394216.Right. Oh, do you have
e-mail?
com.
Yes,it'sclarkson.bellstone@lineone.
Can I just checkthat?clarkson,dot,
bellstoneat lineone,dot,com.
A: Okay,then, Mr White. Seeyou on Friday.
B : Yes.Goodbye,then.
A: Goodbye.
@ r.r:
B A: Could I justcheckthat?You need50
unitsby Friday,and Mr fohanssoncan
contactyou on 943 694726.
B: Yes,that'scorrect.
A: Right,Mr Srnith.I'll givehim the
assoonashe'sfree.
message
.@r.rr
C A: ... and it reallyisn'tgoodenough.
B: Yes,Mr Wright. I understandwhat
you'resayingand I apologisefor the
error.As soonasMr Downs is back I'lI
askhim to get in contactwith you. I'm
reallysorryaboutthis.
A: Right, thank you. I realiseit's not your
faqlt.
@ r.ra
D A: Could I havethe SalesDepartment,
please?
B: One moment,please.fustputtingyou
through now.
,@r.rs
E A: ShonaghClark speaking.
B: Hello, I'm phoning about your letter
of lZth fune.
@ r.re
F A: This is JorgenBodehere.Could I
speakto fean Simmons,please?
B: Oh, I'm sorry,Mr Bode,but Ms
Simmonsisn't in the office right now.
Can I askher to call you back?Or I can
contacther on her mobileif it'surgent.
04 ASKING QUESTIONS
@ r.rs
ConversationI
A: Hello, do you mind if I join you?
B: Er, no, not at all.
A: How do you do?My name'sRick Van
Looy.
to meetyou. I'm Florent
B: Hi. Pleased
Rondele.
@ r.rr
A: Hello, could I speakto Mr White, please? A: Are you from aroundhere,then?
B: No, but my companyhasa storein town'
How can I help you?
B: Speaking.
Actually,Ilive in France.
A: Hello, Mr White. My nameis Clarkson,
A: So,whatdo you do, Florent?
from Bellstone& Smith, the elevator
B: I'm in marketing.I work for a retail
manufacturers.
company.We deal mainly in leisuregoods.
you.
heard
of
I've
B : Yes, I think
A: Do you mean sportsequipment?
A: I'm in charge of the customer support
B: Well, both sportsand casualwear.Clothes,
department. I'm phoning to ask for an
stufflike that. We have
shoes,accessories,
estimate. It's for a service manual we're
in
countries.
stores
several
preparing.
A: Soundslike a big operation.How many
B: Oh, yes.I don't think we'vedoneanything
storeshaveyou got?
for you before.
B: Nearly fifty in total.And what line of
A: No, that'sright. We're in the processof
areyou in, Rick?
business
updatingall our manuals.If the price is
A: Well, quite similar really.I'm a sales
right, it will mean quite a lot of work.
managerfor a largeDutch clothing firm,
B: I see.Well, could you giveme the details,
Fashion- do you know it?
Verweij
then?
A: Yes,it's for a manualof just over 100Pages. B: Yes,of course.Are you openinga store
here,then?
B: 100pages.Could you tell me what size?
A: Yes,we'relooking at possiblesitesat the
A: It's in 45. We wantto print 20,000.But
moment.
for 10.000and 30,000as
I'd like estimates
Rick,do
B: Hm. That can be a slowprocess.
well.
you fancysomethingto drink?
B: I see.Is it in colottr?
A: Erm, yeah,thanks.
A: No, it's in black and white. Mainly text.
B: Come on, then.There'sa tablefreeover
The coveris in colour,though.I can put it
there.
all
right?
Is
that
all on a CD for you.
,$ r.r*
Conversation 2
A: Excuse me, does this belong to you?
B: Oh, tl'rankyou very much.
A: It wason the floor.
B: Yes, I was looking for it just r-row.I wanted
to finish this crossword.I'm feeline a bit
groggy,actually.
Yes,it's a long flight.
Isn't it? Haveyou got the tir-r-re?
Yes,it's... erm ... justaftermidnigl'rt.
So,do we land soon?
Yes,in abouthalf an I'rour.
Oh, good.Do you know Bangkok?
Yes,I live tl'rere.Is this your first trip there?
Yes,it is actually.
On business,
I suppose?
Yes,I'rn visitinga supplier.
Oh, really?I wonderif I ...
't.?o
B:
A:
B:
A:
CASE STUDY:
INTERNETACCESS
$ r.'
We introduced our policy in 1997, when we
gave each employee accessto e-mail and the
Internet. It covered personal use, downloads,
the use of e-mail behveen colleaguesand what
would happen if guidelines were ignored.
We felt it was very important to have a policy
- if your employees don't know tl're rules, yotr
can't blame then'r for breakine tl'rern. The
policy is hvo pageslong and ii part of our
ernployee I'randbook. Each en-rployeesigns for
a copy during their induction and it is then
theirs to keep and refer to.
With the Internet, rather than ban personal
use we allow our employees to do what they
want, as long as they do it during a break.
We do allow personal e-mails, but not during
work time. The only thing completely banned
is internal, non work-related e-rnails. This
is becauseif an employee gets an external
messagethey could passit around internally
during their break to colleagueswho are still
working, and disrupt tl'rem.
We also won't tolerate anyone looking at
adult websitesand we ask employeesto be
careful with wl'rat they download. If you allow
your employees to accessthe h'rternet freely,
you have to protect your IT system against
viruses.
We have only had a problem once - one of
our key members of staff was sending personal
05 COMPANY HISTORIES
.$ r"ea
Nintendo is one of the best-known brands
in tl'reworld and the leader in interactive
vicleo entertainment - a rnulti-billion dollar
industry. The company has a hisiory wl-rich
datesback to the nineteenth century. In I889
Fusajiro Yamauchi founded a small company
to manufacture playing cards. The cornpany
continued this activity over the years ancl in
1953 it manufactured the first mass-oroduced
p l a s t i cp l a y i n g c a r d si n f a p a n .
In 1963 the company changed its name to
Nintendo Co. Ltd. and startedto manufacture
games as well as playir-rgcards.A couple of
yearslater in 1965, company bossHirosl'ri
Yamauchi I'rireda young engineer, Gunpei
Yokoi. Gunpei was later the engineer behind
many of the company's nost successful
products.
In 1975 Nirtendo formed a partnership
with Mitsubishi Electric to take advar.rtageof
their n'ricro-processortechnology. Tl'rrough or-rt
the 70s Nintendo was the leader in video
games for public arcades,but in 1983 it
developed the NES, the first console for
use at home. In another clever move. thev
negotiated deals with third-party cornpanies to
produce new garnes.This was easierand faster
than producing the games themselves.
In 1989Nintendo launched Game Boy
- tl're first console you could carry around ilr
your pocket. The package included Tetris one of the most addictive games of all time. In
1990 Nintendo salesrepresented l0% of the
trade deficit between Japan and the USA.
However, there were problems ahead and
in I994, Sony releasedthe Playstation.The
Playstationworked as a CD player as well as
a console and was a huge success.Nintendo
faced a major new competitor and as a result,
its salessuffered badly.
In 2001 Nintendo launched a new
console, the GameCube. Saleswere poor but
at the same time in the USA, their'GameBoy
Advanced' dominated tl-reI'randheld
market. With tl're disappointing salesof tl're
GarneCube and the successof GameBoy
Advanced, Nintendo decided to concentrate
on tl're portable market. ln 2004 they released
a new handheld console - the Nintendo DS
(Dual Screen). The DS was popular but again
had to compete against Sor-ryand its new
handheld, the PSP.
So, in 2006, things looked bad for .
Niniendo but once again, a brilliant
innovation saved them frorn disaster- thb
'Wii'.
'wand'
Its most brilliant feature is a
which allows players to physically rnove while
they play a game on screen - a completely new
concept becausethere are no cornplicated
$ r"a:
How old is the Internet? It's difficult to fix
a single date for the birth of any complex
technology. In tl-recaseof the Internet, people
suggestdifferent dates.Ii depends on what
tl'rey understand the h-rternetto be.
We know that in 1965, the Aclvanced
ResearchProjectsAgency (ARPA) ur-rderthe
US Department of Defence began work on a
systernto connect computers. Tl'rey called the
project ARPANET.
On SepternberZnd, 1969, in a laboratorl,
at tl-reUniversity of California, Professor
Leonard Kleinrock connected the first two
machines. At its sinplest level, the Internet
connects computers so for many people that
day the Internet was born. The r-rextmonth
they sent the first messageto a cornputer at
Stanford University. The rnessagewas'lo'.
They wanted to send the words'1og in'but
'g'the
wl'ren they typ"d
systemcrasl-red.So
appropriately, this first word was a phonetic
'hello'.
version of
By fanuary 1970 ARPANET connected
computers in four American universities,and
by the following year tl'rere were 23 in the
system,connecting different universitiesancl
researchinstitutes.ln 1973 Ray'lor-nlinson
sent tl're first e-mail via ARPANET. In the
sane year tl'reNet went internatioral,
connecting computers in England and
Norway.
The ARPANET was a single network,
but tl-renext step was to connect different
'internehvork'.
neh.rrorksar-rdto create an
In
1974 Bob Kahn and Vincent Cerf invented a
software tl'rat allowed nehvorks using different
operating systemsto connect to each other.
The sofhvare, called TCP/IP, became tl're
universal language of the Internet on fanuary
1st, i983. Many expertsargue that tl'risevent
was the real birth of the Internet becauseit
made it possibleto link different nehvorks ilt
one web.
More and rnore nehvorks joined the systenr
and the number of connecteclcomputers
increaseddramatically: frorn 10,000 in I984
t o 1 0 0 , 0 0 0i n 1 9 8 7 .B y t h e e a r l y 1 9 9 0 st h e
World Wide Web was the n'rostpopular
way of browsir-rgthe web, and the network
was accessibleto anyone in the world witl'r
a computer. ln 1992 the number of I'rosts
ieached 1,000,000.
In I993 two progranrners, Marc
Andreessenand Eric Bina,launched the first
version of Mosaic. This was the first graphicsbased browser of the type we all use today
and rnade possible wl'rat many people r-row
understand as the Internet - an easymeans to
browse websites,get inforrnation and spread
news.
LrsrENrNG
scRrPrs
q
S6 CORRESPONDENCE
$ r.a*
A: |FA Fabrics, can I help you?
B: Yes, I'm phoning frorn Natural Furnishirrgs
in Chelsea. Could I speak to Peter
S i m p s o n ,p l e a s e ?
A: I'm afraicl he's out of the office right r-row.
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Can I I'relpyou?
Well, I ser-rthim a text messageancl he
hasn't replied. It's really quite urgent.
Can you tell me what it's about?
It's a bit con'rplicatedto explain. I need a
copy of a certificate for crtstoms. Maybe he
didn'i get n'rymessage.Can I iust cl'reckhis
r.nobile - 07 6367 46784?
H a r r g o n . Y e s ,t h a t ' st h e r i g h t n r r m b e r .
Listen, why don't you send tl'redetails to
n-reby e-rnail and I'll send yott a copy of
the certificate as an attacl'red PDF.
Yes, that's a good idea. What's your e-mail
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
address?
|im, dot. Tl'rat's Jl-M, dot, J-F-A, at
lineone. dot. net. Lineone is all one word.
*
Can I just check that? |im, clot,)FA, at
lineone, dot, net.
Yes. that's right.
Don't worry. I'll deal with the e-n'rail
straight away. By the way, rny natne's
Cathy, Cathy Slater.You nust be |im.
Yes,|irn Kutz. Don't worry about the
certificate.You'lI have it by this afternoon.
Okay, thanks%r yorrr help.
You're welcor-t're.Bye.
,S t'as
A: Have we got a decision from f in-rabout the
Mason contract?
B: No, don't worry, I'11ring hirn about it tl'ris
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
afternoon.
I tried - there's no answer.
Well, I'll send him an e-n-rail,then.
You can't - our Intranet is down.
Never n-rind - I'll ser-rdhirn a fax.
I don't think they have one.
Well, in that case,I'll write him a letter
.$'r.ae
A: S-A-G, can I help you?
B: Yes,could I speakto fohn Bird?
A: I'n afraidhe'snot in the officeright now.
Canltakeamessage?
B: Ol'rdear!It'san urgentorder- we need
five hydraulicpumpsl:y 27 Jtrne.
A: )usta minute.Could you tell ne your
natr.te,please?
B: Yes,I'm sorry.It'sElenaMoretti from Stern
Hydraulicsin Switzerland.
A: Rigl'ri,I'll take down the detailsarrdget
fohn to contactyou. Did yotl sayfive units?
B: Yes,the referenceis SG 94371.
A: SG 94321- five r-rnits.
B: Yes,that'srigl'rt.But the importantthing is
the deliverydate- 22ltne.
A: I clon'tthink that will be a problern.
B: Good,it'sfor a new cttstomer.
scRrPrs
LrsrENrNG
E
$ t.:r
A: Could I speakto ElenaMoretti,please?
Is tl'rat|ohn?
B: Speaking.
A: Yes.Hello, Elena.I'm phoningbackabout
yorlr orcer.
your
e-n-rail.No problen'r.
*r 1 " ? 8
A: S-A-G, can I I'relp you?
B : Yes, this is Eler-raMoretti from Stern
Hydraulics. Could I speakto Jol'rnBird,
please?
isn't here
A: Oh, I'rello,Elena. I'rn afraid Jol-rr-r
at the moment. Can I take a message?
B : Yes,he sent tne an order confirmation
- the reference is DHOl060l - but tl're
delivery date is wrong.
A:
S7 HOTELS
$ r.eu
A: Hello. My connectingfligl'rt,1862l, was
delayedso I've missedthe flight to Caracas.
B: Yes,sir.I'm sorryaboutthat.You'rebooked
in on the next flight.
A: Right, but it's not until eleventonigl'rt,
right?
$'r.se
A: Good afternoon.
B: Good afternoon. Do you l-raveany roolns
available?
$ r.x'r
A: Roomservice.My name is Johan.Can I
I'relpyou?
B: Yes,this is roorn301.Could I I'ravean early
morningcall,please?
A: Certainly,sir.What time would you like
the call?
B: At half pastsix.
A: 6.30.No problem.Would you like
sentup to your room?
breakfast
B: No, thanks.I'll haveit in the dining roorr.
open for breakfast
A: Tl'redining room doest-t't
until 7.30.
B: Oh, ir-rthat caseI will haveit in rny room'
|r.rstcoffeeand a croissant.
Anythingelse?
A: Coffeeand a croissant.
all.
B: No, tl'rat's
A: Okay.Good night,sir.
B: Thank you. Good nigl'rt.
$ r"nx
a Yes, that was a long time ago. It was while I
was living in ltaly. I I'radthis apartment in
the centre of Milan ...
$ r.r+
a
CASE STUDY:
CRISTALMALVERN
$ r.rs
R: Mr fones,this is obviouslya tremendous
blow to Cristal Malvern. Is tl'rereanything
you can tell us aboutthe future of the
company?
l: It's a bit earlyto saybut obviouslythe fact
that the whole plant hasbeendestroyedis
a total disaster.
We are still waiting to see
if anythingcan be salvaged
but it doesn't
look like we will be able to startproduction
for a verylong time.
R: What aboutthe workforce?
l: That'sour major concernat the moment.
fu I say,we haven'tmadeany decisions
yet but I'm afraidsomesortof adjustment
plan will be necessary.
We will of course
do what we can to protectasmany jobsas
possible.
R: Are you worriedaboutthe ftrtureof the
brand?
09 SPIRITOF ENTERPRISE
@ r.:e
A: ... next on today's programme we talk to
David O'Brian abor,rthis new book on
entrepreneurial success"The Sky is the
Limit". So David, are entrepreneursborn
or created?
B: Well, I think they're basically born, but
obviously for an enterprise to be a success
there are certain key businessskills which
have to be learnt. Business studies cor.lrses
provide an opportuni$ for the potential
entrepreneur to get the skills without
taking any risks while they do it. In other
words, they can learn from the mistakes
and experience of others.
A: So yor: don't think the classic MBA course
does any harm?
B: No. not at all. but on the other hand an
MBA is probably more important when
you want to get a job working for someone
else and not set up your own business.
A: Tell us about some of tl're people you
feature in the book.
B: Well, Mike Clare, the founder of the
bed shop chain Dreams, and Michael
Welch, the entrepreneur behind car tyre
distributor Blackcircles.com,are both
good examples of people who started work
when they left school. They first picked
up knowledge and skills while they
worked for someone else,but each knew
that his real mission in life was to be an
entrepreneur - to set up a business, take
'
risks and make a lot of money.
10 STRESSED
TO THE TIMIT
r"r:
.S
Interview I
A: Accordingto statistics,
around75%of all
visitsto the doctorare the resultof workrelatedstress.Do you think you sufferfrom
stress?
That'sthe questionwe'reaskingin
the streets
of Edinburgh.Excuseme, I'm
from the radioprogrammeWorftToday.
We'redoing a surveyon stress.
Would you
mind answering
somequestions?
B: Eh, well, actually,I'm in a bit of a hurry,
but ...em ...go on, then.
A: Thank you.What'syour job?
B: I'm an accountant.
A: Do you sufferfrom stressin your work?
B: Eh, yes,I do, I think.
A: What syrnptomsdo you notice?
B: Em,I get a lot of headaches
and I sleep
very badly.
A: And whatcauses
your stress?
B: It'smy boss.He'sa real ...well, let'sjust
sayhe doesn'texactlyrnakelife easy.He
alwayswantsthingsdone for yesterday.
A: Thank you verymuch.
.$ r':e
Interview 2
A: ... and what do you do?
C: I workin a shop.
A: Do you sufferfrom stress?
C: No, not at work,I don't.I find beingat
home more stressful.
A: Why's that?
C: Well, I've got threechildrenand my
mother'sill. Sheliveswith us.And my
husband... well, he doesn'thelp much.
A: And do you haveany physicalsyrnptoms?
C: Well, I get a bit on edgeat times and tl'ren
I get this horrible rash on my neck.
A: So,stress
is a problemin your life.
C: Yes,definitely.
@ r.rs
Interview J
A: ... and you, sir. Do you sufferfrom stress?
LrsrENrNG
scRrPrs
E
Interview 4
A: Can I ask you if you strffer frorn stress?
E : W h o ? M e ? N o , n o t : t t a l l . I c l o n ' tr e a l l y
unclerstanclwhat it is, really.
A: Ar-rdwl-ratclo yotr do for a living?
E: I'rn a self-en'rployedarcl-ritect.I work for
r.nyself.
A: I see,ancl rvhat'syottr secret?
E : I'm sorry?
A: nean, how do you avoid getting stressed?
E : think it's all clown to a philosophy of life.
itrst take each clavas it cotnes. I clon't
worry about tl.rings.What I say is that if
you've got a piobletr, solve it. And if yor,r
can't becausethere's no solutiot't,there's uo
poir-rtil worrying becanseihat won't helpA: So, yon think avoiclingstressis to clo with
nental attitude, r'rotwhat yor.rclo?
E : Yes,that's basically it.
A . Well, tl'ranksvery r-nuch.
E : Not at all.
-$q
TOP JOBS
- * ,* . * *
t;
{.46 s
L I S T E N I N GS C R I P T S
* *,",.
*iJ u'+*
A: Goocl nrornirg. Coulcl I speakto Peter
D a v i s ,p l e a s e ?
B: Speaking.
A: Oh, hello, Mr f)avis. My natne is John
Lindsay.
B: Wl'rat can I clo for you, Mr Lindsay?
A: It's rnore a czrseof what I can clo for you
... Em, l-rowlong have you worked for
B l u e p r i n t I n t e r n a t i o n a l ,M r D a v i s ?
B: For about six years.Why clo you ask?
A: And before tl-ratyou worked for Navigate
for three years.
B: Yes, I joined them as a trainee ruartager
I left university.BLrt ... what is this
wl-rer-r
about?
A: And you were macle I'reaclof tl-re
L-rternatioral Division a year ago. How is it
going?
B: Very well, thank you. Now, could you tell
me what yott want, Mr LinclsaY?
A: I'd like to talk to yott abottt atr extremely
ir-rterestingcareer opportr-rnity.I work
for People Search, the managentent
consultants.We've been approacl'redby a
witl'r iust
client who's looking for sorr-reone
yoltr professionalprofile.
B: Oh, I see. So tl'rat'swhat it's about. Lisren,
DACK'
"H
tr CONVERSATIONGAMBITS
h, * n**
{b"/ c"u $
register.
c;***
u *'u"e
2
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J
.*e-,yrygq-.rg;:r1ii..,
$ *.mw
4
.$:"ms
A: Excr:se rne. Woulcl you n'rind if I had a
quick look at your newspaper?
B: Er, no, go ahead. I've fir'risl-red
with it.
A: There's jusi sometl-ringI want to cl'reckout.
B: No problem. Take your tirne.
A: Thanks. By the way, my name's Allan. I*r-r-r
here on a businesstrip.
B: Ol'r, right.
$ a.**
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
$ x"*r
B : I ' m S e a n ,S e a n O ' M a l l e y .
A: Pleasedto meet you, Sean. What would
you like io drink?
A beer,please.
Right. Two beers,please.
Right, sir.
So, Allan, where are yoll frorn?
Well, I was born in Litl-ruania,but I've
lived ir-rGernany most of ny life. Are you
from l-rere?
B: Yes,what do you think of Dublin?
A: Well, I've only just arrived toclayand it's
rny first visit, br-rtit seemsvery nice. Lots of
character.
B: Are you here on business?
A: Yes, that's right. I I'ravea rneetir-rg
tornorrow. I'n-r a bit nervous abor,rtit.
B: I'm sure it'll go all right. How long are you
staying?
A: Just a couple ofdays. I go back on
'fhursday
morning. I was just looking at
your paper to see how Bayern Mur-ricl'rdid
yesterday.Do you like football?
B: If it's a good match, but I'm not tl'ratkeen.
Actually, I prefer golf myself.
A: Do you mean yoLrplay golf?
B: TLrat'sright.
A: I play nyself. W'rat'syour handicap?
.S e"mm
B: Oh, well, Allan, it's gettir-rglate. I l-raveto
be off. Tl'ranks for tl're clrink, and good luck
witl'r your rneeting.
A: Right, it was nice talking to you.
B: It was nice to rneet you too. Cl-reerio.ther-r.
A: Bye.
CASE STUDY:
STAFFAPPRAISAL
$ x.m*
Presenter:Anglesey Sea Zoo is Wales' largest
nrarine aquarinrrr,attracting over 75,000
visitorsper year. Director and partner
Alison Lea-Wilson describesI'rowthe
conpany introcluced an appraisalsysten-r
tl'rat has proved to be a key motivator for its
25 staff.
Alison Lea-Wilson: When we startedour
appraisals a few years ago tl'rey were lrore
of an infonnal chat. As we grew, we
decided to introcluce hvice-yearlyformal
appraisals.We wanted to ensure that
er-nployees'workmatchecl the goals of
the business.We also wanted to provide
a chance to recognisegood perfornance
and deal with any issues.We based
tl'reperforn'ranceobjectiveson each
employee'sjob description. We talked to
staff so tl-rattlre objectives cor-rldbe agreed
in aclvanceand tl'reyknew what to expect.
That was very irnportant becausethe
rnajority of our perfornance objectives
aren't things wl-ricl-rare easyto neasure
like sales,for exanple, so we nse :r scoring
system.Each objective is rateclon a scale
of one to four anclbotl'r managersand
ernployeesfill in the form. Comparing tl're
two sets of ratings can be very useftrl for
identifuing differencesin expectationsand
perceptions.
'l'l're
process is formal. We invite staff to
tl'reirappraisalsin writing, and they get a
copy of the appraisal forrn to fill in before
the interview. Tl-re cornpleted forn-r is tl-ren
cliscussecl
clurir-rgthe appraisalitself. There
is an empl-rasison constructive feeclback,
but as well as talking abor,rtperformance,
we cliscusswhat kind of training rnight
I'relpen-rployees
achieve their goals.After
tl'reappraisal,tean leaderswrite a report
of the cliscussionand put action points and
timescalesagair-rst
each itern before giving
a copy to the employee.
We l-ravefound that a systen'rwl-rerestaff
can expresstl'reirviews and have issuesancl
problems aclclressedis defir'ritely good for
r-r-rotivation.It's also good to have a forn'ral
way of telling people when they've done
a good job. We know this becausewe
concluct anonymolls staff surveysto assess
the effectivenessof our :rppraisals.
,$ n.'rt
Conversation 2
A: Can I I'ravevour reference number and
passportplease?
Here you are.
Yott've just got one suitcaseto check ir-r.
Y e s ,t h i s o n e .
I'n-r afraid it's over fifteen kilos. You'll have
to pay excesshaggage.
It's only just over.
Actually it's seventeenkilos.
Are you sure? How much will it cost me?
It will be ten pounds, but vou have to pay
over there at the main desk.
Wl-rat,over there? There's a really long
qllelle. Can't I pay l-rere?
No, I'm sorry. But come straigl'rtto tl're
fror-rtwhen vou come back.
B: Okay.Thanks.
.$ *.ra
Book as early as possible- within three weeks
of the flight. Witl'r an early booking yolr car.r
choose the seatyou want. However, if you
book montl'rsin advance, you'll be too early
f o r a s e a ta s s i g r r n r e n t .
If you use a travel agent, make sure they
have a record of yor,rrseatir-rgpreferences
- aisle or window. Tell them you want to sit
close to the front. If yoLr sit at tl-refront, you'll
get on and off tl-replane faster.
Wl-rer-ryou receive your ticket ancl boarding
passor e-ticket confirmation, check the seat
assigrrnent. Mistakes I'rappen.If you have
tir-ne,crossreference with the airlir-reseating
chart.
If you are unable to confirn a seat,be sure
to get to the airport early - at least 45 to 60
minutes before the flight.
If you clo have an assignmentfor yor-rr
preferred seat,don't cl'reckin too late.
Tl-rosefew ninutes reading magazinesin
the newsstandcan translateinto hours of
discomfort in ttre air.
Finally, the gate check-in attendant can
be yor,rrbest friend. Ask politely if there is
a better seatavailable. Saying that you are
LrsrENrNG
scRrPrs
L
.$ e"l:
A: If I order 100ur-rits,
will you giveme a
priceof 5.5 eurosT
B: No, I'rn sorry.I can'tdo tl-rat.On 150units
I'll giveyou a priceof six euros.
A: Six euros.And wl'rataboutpayment?
B: Payrnentis within 60 clays.
A: If we paywithin 30 clays,
will you lowerthe
price?
B: I'll go downto 5.5eurosif you order200
units or rrore. That'srr-rybestoffer.
A: Well, whataboutthe gr-rarantee?
.$ x.ls
Speaker2
It's not often tl-ratqualificationsand
experience
totallymatchup to an advertised
LrsrENrNG
scRrPrs
E
e"l*
Speaker 3
'big
I'reacl'but,ot-tthe other
No one likes a
hand, don't be falsely modest eitl-rer.Basically,
your qualifications and experience tell tl'reir
own story so you're not going to impress
anyone by adclinga lot of ad jectiveslike
'excellent'
and'outstanding' to yor,rrCV.
Usually this will make an experienced
recnritnent pfficer suspicious.It doesn't hurt
to acknowleclgeone or two weaknesseseither
- areastl-ratyou would like to inprove ancl
you want a chance to develop. Above all, be
honest, because if you exaggerateor lie, in tl-re
end someone is goir-rgto catch yott ottt and
you'll end up looking stupid.
.$ *"rx
Speaker 4
People'smotivations interest en'rployers.If you
want to work for a specific company, tell thern
why, especiallyif you are changing jobs. Valicl
reasonswould be tl'rat you are frr,rstratedby the
limitations of your present post, or that you
car-r'tftrlfil tl-repotential of your backgrouncl
and eclucation.Don't whine, tl'rougl'r,and
don't blarne yorlr current employers:yott've
learnt a lot with them, but it's time to move
'lbll
on.
potential ernployersthat yotr have a
all you need is an opportunity
lot to offer, ar-rcl
to show it. If son-reonegives yor,ra break, they
won't be disappointed.
$ e.rm
A: Right, sl'rallwe make a start?My name
is Philin Rickett. I work in the htttnar.t
,"ro.,r"", departn'rentancl I'm responsible
for recruitment.
B: Right, pleasedto meet you.
A: Did you find r-rsall right?
B: Yes,the n'rapyou sent me was very clear.
A: Good. Now, this is just a preliminary
interview to check out some details. If
yon're successful,you'Il go on to a rnore
in-depth interview this afternoon. Is that all
rigl'rt?
B: Yes, I don't l-raveto be back at work ur-rtil
tomorrow morning so as long as I have
time to drive back this evening, that's fine.
A: Do your present en-rployersknow where
you are?
B: No. I asked for a clay'sunpaicl leave for
personal reasons.I didn't say why.
A: What don't you like about yollr current
nosition?
B: Actually, there are a lot of things I do like
about it, but no job is perfect. I tl'rink I am
T5 T I M E
$ a.r*r
A:
B:
A:
B:
Hello.
Hello, is that Don'ringo?
Yes,speaking.
Hi, this is |oe. Look, I need yor-rto tell n-re
gorr'rethingabor-rttl're new database.We're
worried becauseit's behind schedule.
What is the situation?
A: Well yes, I'm sorry about the delay but
there have been some problems with tl-re
application.
B: I appreciate tl'rat,br-rtthe system was
supposedto be online last October. Yotr
didn't meet the deacllineand it's now
Febnrary. My boss is getting a bit nervous.
And so arn I.
A: Okay, okay. But you modified tl're
requirenents and the old systen is not
B:
A;
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A'
B:
A:
$ z.zo
Good afternoon.The subiect
',. of mv
. ,,
- , - .;;
; ;'-.
"
Presenuuon rco:r) ls I ne lul'tn ol I Ime
Vanagement
.',Vh1isit amyth?
Well.tr'er"
efficie"n'tJ1.
Theyrecommend
ialing todo
,
sts.pnonnsmg.enc not an\\ enngme pnone
, . emc'enr'
-.
. - , ;';J:iilfiJ:,1seilre nme
t'utco
o"'"o
I,.,
d YflT^".1-'-""1l1ij,1lTl?
l*e to cover.Now lel s qo bacLto lool.at
,r
lhequeslionolhowwecanchange.....
g i.:r
Conversation3
E: Is everythingconfirmedfor your trip to San
Sebastian?
F: Yes,the plar-re
goesto Bilbao.I'rn goingto
take tl'retrain frorn there.
E: No, don't do tl'rat- it takesforever.The
busis mrrchfaster.
F: Is it?Well, I'll takethe bus,then.
T6 GETTINGTHINGSDONE
r$ e.a+
ConversationI
A: Oh,look or-rtside!
B: Wl'rat'sr-rp?
accrdent
B: And yorretpeclmelolru\l youwithmine?
A : I t s i u s la m i r j o r\ c r a t c hO. h . d o nt w o r r y .
l ll think
orsomething
else
$ z zz
A: Sandra,we needsomeoneto answerthe
phone from 2.00till 4.00 while Julia is off
sick.Could you do it?
Br Fron 2.00 to 4.00?It's not my houn.
A: I know,but you can takethe time later on.
B: It's not the time. I'll haveto get someone
to pick the kids up from school.Isn't there
anyoneelse?
A: No, there isn't.Look, I know it's
inconvenient,but I car't think of any other
.ollllion.
on for a corrpleof horrrs?
A: Not realty.Ir crearessucha bad
impre"rion
L .i : t e n . l dd o i l m y s e l f b uI tv e
gol to be somewhereelse.
B: I'm sureyou would, but it's not my
problem,is it?
A: No, it isn'! and obviouslyI can't forceyou
t o d o i t ,b u t . . .
B: But?
A: ... but on the otherhand,if you do it, I'll
seeit asa personalfavour.
B: I see.I don't reallyhavemuch choice,do
I? I hopeit'sjusttl'ristirne ...
A: Yes,in principle,fes. But you never
know.Yourcontractis up for renewalnext
rnonth.Enoughsaid?
B: Yeah,erroughsaid.
$ *"am
Conversation I
A : C o o d a f t e r n o o n ,s i r .
L I S T E N I N GS C R I P T S
.$ e.eu
Conversation 2
A : C o o d e v e r r i r r gs. i r .
B: Look, I'm not at all happy with tl-reroor-n
you've given rne. It's on the wrong side of *
the I'rotel. It faces on to the road and it's far
too noisy.
A: I'm sorry,sir. No one has ever said
anything before.
B: I can't believe that. Are you going to
change it?
A: I don't think I can, sir. We're a bit ftrll
tonight.
B: Look, I'm really tired, and the last tl'ring I
want to do is argue about rrry room. If you
don't change it, I'll tell rny company not to
use this hotel again.
A: I'm sorry.There's no other room available.
B: Oh, come on.
'l'here's
A:
notl'ring I can do.
B: Wl'rat about some sort of discount, then?
A: I'm afraid I'm not autl'rorised to offer a
discount on yorlr room.
B: So, I l-raveto pay the full price for a noisy
room. Brilliant!
A: Sir, if you want, I can call you a taxi ...
17 oFFTCEGOSSIP
.S a.sc
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A: Never!
B: Yes,this consultantchaptold him tl'rey
would haveto let somepeoplego.
A: But that's awful.
B: Yes,Prescottaskedl-rimhow manypeople
it involved.
Ar-rdwl-ratclid he say?
He said it depended on inclividual
perforrnance and attitude.
Does that include Maureen?
What do you mean?
Well, you know what they say about her
and Prescott.
Go on ...
I'm not saying who, but someone told n-re
he often seesthem in The Green Man
together.
B : That little pub on tl're Oxforcl Roacl?
A: That's right.
B : Well I never! The otl'rer day I'reasked
l-rerif sl'rewould stay behind to work on
something together. I heard him.
There you are, then. Tl-rere'sno smoke
witllout fire.
B : Listen, don't tell anyone I told you.
A: Now, come on, Quin, yott know rne better
than that.
B: Backto work,then.
A: Right. Catch you later.
B: Bye.
$;.:r
Conversation I
A: feff, have you fir'rishedlast month's
production figures?
B: No, Jane, I'm sorry.Can I give therrr to you
this afternoon?
A: It's no good being sorry.There's always
some excuse.If they're not on my desk by 4
o'clock, I'll have to speak to Mr Bradley.
B: Yes,fane. I'll start straight away.
{$ *.r:
Conversation 2
C: David, have you got a rninute? There's
something I want to discusswitl'r you ... in
n-ryoffice.
D: What's it about?
C: Ol'r, well, we're missing a laptop computer
frorn the store.
D: What has that got to do with me?
C: Well, yolr are the only other person with a
key to the store and ...
S a.ss
Conversation J
E: Marie, the figures you need are ready.
F: Tl'ranks, Pedro. Is everything okay?
E: Yes, no problerns.Would you like to look at
then-rwith rne?
F: Yes,but I'm a bit br-rsythis afternoon.
E : Me too. Er, do you know that new caf6
they've just opened? It's nice and quiet. We
can go through them there after work.
LrsrENrNG
scRrPrs
E
$ a.m
Conversation 4
G: Hi, Monica.
H: Oh, hello firn. How are things going?
G: Great. In fact, you can be the first to
congratulate me.
H: Yes, yor-rlook very pleased with yourself.
What's up?
G: I'rn the new head of the easternsalesteam.
H: Oh, really?What salaryare you on now,
tnena
C : S i x t y g r a r r da y e a r .
H: I can't believe it. Sixty thousar-rd!
G: And they're giving rrre a new company car.
H: Oh really? Congratulations, then. Tl're
drinks are on you. See you later.
G: Yes. Bye.
.$ a"xs
A: In this week's BusinessToday, we talk to
Karina Schmidt. Karina is the author of
a report by the h-rdustrial Society which
looks at workplace relations, and how
they've changed over the years.Karina, first
of all, welcorne to the programme.
B: Thank you, it's a pleasureto be I'rere.
A: h'r your report, you say that many
have abandoned
companies r-rowadays
some useful institutions which allowed for
social interaction.
B: Yes,these days there's lessopportunity to
gossipand socialise.For example, often the
tea trolley has been scrapped,and having a
chat in the tea break was an irnportant part
of the working day. The drink after work
at the pub around the corner is another
examDle.
A: And wl'ry do yor-rthink these tl'rings have
disappeared?
B: I think it's all part of tl'rerevolution in
human resollrces.Some of these traditions
have become unfashionable. Talking about
things not connected to work is now seen
as bad and as wasting time. Tl'rere are
even theories about removing chairs from
rneeting roorrrs,so tl'rat tl-remeetings are
more efficient and finish quickly.
A: And are we more efficient now, then?
B: Well, that's a good question, but in any
case, sornething I'rasbeen lost frorn the
workplace wl'ricl'r is very important. And
perhaps in the long term, with tl'resedrives
for efficiency, companies are making false
econonies.
A: In what way?
B: The clifferencebetween a good job and
. a bad job are the hunan, emotional
elements. h'r other worcls, hrppy ernployees
are productive employees.People enjoy
tl-resocial aspectsof work, the personal
interaction with colleagues,the friendsl'rips
A: And the gossip!
B: Ancl the gossip.Yes, in some ways gossip
is tl're glue that holds the organisation
together. Providing communal space such
as coffee areasor lunch rooms allows
employeesto share information and
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
1S E.COMMERCE
$ x.xru
I:
l:
I:
l:
P:
j:
I:
t:
P:
I:
J:
P:
l:
I:
P:
J:
P:
I:
r+r
3S E.WORK
$ e"xm
A: Have yor-rseen this?
B: What?
A: "Make money while you work irt home. No
skill recruired."
B: Ol'r, it's not really about working at home.
You sign up to a scheme where they say
they will pay yolr to reply to e-nails or
visit pageson the Internet. Then you are
supposed to persuade your friends and
family to clo it.
A: Oh, so it's like pyran-riclselling.
B : Yes, the more people you get to clo it, tl're
rrore rroney you make. The idea is to
sl'rowpotential advertisersthat tl'rey l-ravear-r
auclience.I doubt it really works. If it was
so easv.evervonewould do it.
A: That's a shame. I wouldn't n'rind workine
arthome if I hacl the opportunity.
B: I'n-rnot so sure. I wouldn't miss travellir-rg
in to work everydaybut if I was at houre,
I'cl miss the contact witl-rpeople I'rere.
A: Tl-rat'strue, but if you coulcl just come in a
couple of claysa week it would be okay. On
the otl-rerhand, nnless you l-raclsornewhere
quiet to work, it would be clifficult to get
anvthins done.
B : Do you think yotr'd be disciplined enor-rgl'r?
A: I clon't know. I lr,oulcl if it was nry own
LISTENING
SCRIPTS
.S e"xw
s e v e no ' c l o c k .
A: It sounds awful.
B: Yes, I was getting r,rpin tl-redark and
getting home in tl're dark. I never saw rny
job but rny
.husband or cl.rildren.I like nly
life was a r-rightmare.
A: And what is life like now?
B: Oh, I feel like tl'reluckiest person alive. I
now get up at 5.30. My mother stiLllooks
after the cl'rildren but I don't have the
80-mile drive to work along Highway l0l.
We've set up my workplace in one of the
bedrooms: I sit down in front of a camera,
pin on a microphone and I'm ready for
Interview I
A: The Internet and other new technologies
have changed the way we work and the
titles of our jobs. For example, instead of
'virtual
the secretary,meet Jill Spencer, a
is
a
virtual
assistant'.fill, what exactly
assistant?
B: Virtual assistants,or VAs, work from horne.
We offer servicesto businesseswhich don't
have sufficient work to justify en'rploying
someone full-tin're.
A: Why did you dgcide to be a virtual
assistant?
B: I retired from my job as a conference
organiser,but I wanted to earn some extra
money. I became a VA becauseit meant
I didn't have to leave my countrv home
down here in Cornwall.
A: Yes, it's a lovely place - I can understand
wl-ryyou didn't want to move away. So, how
did you start?
B: I I'rad a lot of contacts from rny previous
work. I began by providing things like
bookkeeping but now I offer a range of
servicesfor clients all over the UK.
A: It's going well, then.
B: Yes, I wasn't looking to earn a fantastic
amount of money. The biggestadvantage
is that you can do as little or as much as
you want. If it's a lovely sunny day, I can sit
out in the sarden and do the work in tl're
evenlng.
A: Wl'rat do you need to get started?
B : The basic tools are a computer with an
Internet connection , a fax machir-reand a
rnobile phone. Anyone with basic office
skills could do the job. Apart frorn tl'rat
it depends on the kind of servicesyou're
going to offer and what the clients want.
A: And what's in it for the comnanies?
B : C o m p a n i e sg e t a h u g e a m o u n t o r r t o f i t
becausethey only use a virtual assistant
when they need one. Also, they can
perhaps get someone with a higher
professionallevel than they could get
if they had to pay someone fr-rll-time.
There's also no problem of office hours.
A businessmancan be out of the office
all day, but l'risassistantis still available in
the evening if he needs to cliscussthings.
T t h i n k i t c o r r l d m a k e a b i g d i f f e r e r r c et o
everyone'slifestyle.
o$ a.+*
Interview2
A: Anna, what exactly do you do?
B: I'n a concierge at the Westin Hotel in
LrsrENrNG
scRrPrs
E
.$ x.ex
A: 4.30!
business.
A: How does it work at the I'rotel?
B: Guests still go r-rpto the concierge desk,
but instead of me in person, they see me
on a giant TV screen.They can only see
my head and shoulders,so I can wear my
slipperswhile I work.
worth a try.
A: And the guests?
B: They'rehappy.Apart from anytl'ringelse
theydon't haveto leavea tip!
}O WORKING LUNCH
.S *.e"t
A: This lookslike a verynice place,Satosl'ri.
B: Yes,I thoughtyou would like it.
A: Yes,I reallylike the d6cor.Er, could you
orderfor both of us, Satoshi?
B: Of course.I think we could havesome
misosoupto startwith. They do it very
well here.
A: Okay.Soundsgood.
B: And tl'renI think you shouldtry some
unagl.
A: What'sthat?
B : It'seel - grilledand servedon a bed of rice.
It'sdelicious.
A: Hm, I'm sureit is.Actually,do you think I
could havea steak?
B : Well, I'm afraidtheydon't servesteakhere.
A: I'11try the unagi,then.
B : Fine.Would you like somesake,or would
you prefersomebeer?
A: No, no, let'shavesomesake.
B : Right.Sakeit is,then.
I"ff
B: Right,I see.
.$ a"*x
C: So, any news froni Tokyo, Neil?
A: No, I'n afraid noi,leff. It looks like they're
not interested.
C : How did it go with Mr Thnaki?
A: Ol'r, I'rewas really nice. He took me to a
great restaurant. Actr,rally,everytl'ring went
okay until we got down to business.
\-: What I'rappened?
A: I don't know. I thought the sale was a sllre
thing, but he seemed to lose interest. I
don't know wl'ratI did wrong.
*$ x"+e
A : M m , t h a t w a sd e l i c i o u s .
B: I'm glad you enjoyed it. So, Neil, tell rne
about this digital cor-rtrolsoftware. Whr do
you think we should be interestecl?
A: Because it's easilythe best program for the
job on the market.
B: Tl-resystemwe use at the mornent u'ork
okay.Why should we change?
A: It's a cuestiot'tof costs.It could sa\.
trp to 70%.lf you look at the cotnp.:: ,t h e r e ' sl u s t n o c o n r p a r i s o u .
B: Can you give me some inforrnation abi'--:
your sales?
A: Er ... about two million dollars' worth
worldwide.
B : C o u l d I s e et h e d o c u m e n t a t i o n ?
A: Well, I'm afraid that's confidential, but
listen, if we can make a deal today,l can
offer vou an even better discount.
CASE STUDY 1
INTERNETACCESS
(un)authorised /(nn)'c:Oerarud/
adj.
(not) having official permissionfor
something
bfame lbletm/verb [T] to sayor think
that someoneor somethingis
responsiblefor an accident,problem
or bad situation
colfeague l'koli'^glnoun [count]
someonewho worksin the same
organizattonor department asyou
dismiss /drs'mrs/verb [T] to force
someoneto leavetheir job
il
t
ii
firewall /'fare(r),wc:l/
noun [count]
a computer programthat preventS
people fron'renteringa computer
systemillegally
gambling /'grembh4ladj.risking
money in the hope of winning more
if you are lucky
noun [count]
website /'web,sart/
the
Internet
where
a place on
is
available
about
infonr-ration
subject,
company,
a particular
universityetc
inappropriate /,me'preupriet/
adj. not
suitablein a particularsituation
induction hn'dnkJ(e)n/noun [count]
a period of training that introduces
people into an orgamzaion or
institution
CASE STUDY 2
CRYSTALMALVERN
ad (advertisement) lnd
(ed'vs:(r)trsment)/
noun [count] an
annoLlncementin a newspaper,on
television,on the Internet etc that is
designedto persuadepeople to buy
a product or service,go to an event,
or apply for a job
agreement /e'gri:ment/noun [count]
an arrangementor decisionabout
what to do, made by two or more
people,groups,or organizations
benefit l'benrfitlverb Il/T] to get an
advantage,or to give someonean
advantage
a bl essi ngi n di sgui se/e ' bl esr qr n
dts,garzlphrasesomethingthat
seemsto causeproblems,but that
you later reahzeis a good thing
blow hleul noun [count] an event
that makesyou feel very sad,
disappointed,or shocked
bottled /'bot(a)ldladj. containedin
bottles
brand lbrr:ndl noun [count] a product
or group of productsthat has its own
name and is madeby one particular
company
challenge I'tlr,lrnd3lnoun [count]
somethingthat needsa lot of skill,
energy,and determinationto deal
with or achieve
adj.
commercia| /ke'mg:(r)J(e)1/
relatingto the businessof buying
and sellinggoodsand services
consumer prod uct /kan,sju:ma(r)
'prodrrkt/noun
lcount] something
by households
intendedto be r-rsed
asthe ultimate consumer
demand ldt'mslndlnoun [uncount]
the amount of a product or service
that peoplewant, or the fact that
they want it
distribute /dr'strrbju:t/verb [T] to
supplygoodsfrom one central place
distribution /,drstrrbjuf(e)il noun
[uncount]the processof supplying
goodsfrom one centralplace
GLossAq
.ASE
sruDrES
estimated /'estrmerted/
adj. calcr_rlated recon stru cti o n /,ri:ken'strnkJ(e)n/
or guessedby r-rsing
tl'reinforr-nation
n o u n [u n c o unt]the process
of
tliat is available
building somethingagain
genuine /'dgenjurnladj.real and not
pretendeclor false
the initiative /r'nrJetrvi[singular]the
opportunityto take action before
otl-rerpeople clo
i nstallation /,rnsterle{(e)n/
noun
[count] btrildingor placethat
provideszrparticularserviceor is
trsedfor a particularinclustry
redundancy /n'dnndensi/noun
[count] a situationir-rwhich
sorneoneis told to leavetl'reirjob
becausetl-reyare lro lolrgerneeded
redundant /rr'drrndentladj. if someone
is rnaderedundant,they havebeer-r
tolcltl-ratthey must leavetheir job
becausetl-reyare no longer needed
renew kt'nju;lverb [T] to clo
somethir-rg
againafter a pause
insurance/rn'Juerens/
adj. relating
to an arrangementin which you
rumour /'ru:me(r)/noun [count]
regularlypay a colnpanyan arnount
sornethingthat peopleare saying
of r-noneyso that they will give you
that rnay,or may not be true
money if somethir-rg
tl'ratyou own is
salvage I'sa.lv:d3lverb[T] to save
dan-raged,
lost,or stolen,or if you die
thingsfrom a ship or btrildingthat
or are ill or injurecl
"
hasbeen damagedor destroyed
investment /rn'ves(t)ment/nou n
shareholder /'Jee(r),heulde(r)/
no u n
Iuncount]the processof spending
someonewho ownsshares
[count]
money in orclerto in-rprove
in zicorlpany
sometl-ring
or nake it more
successful
site /sart/noun [count] a placeuseclfor
a particularpurpose
livelihood /'larvlihud/noun Iuncount/
noun
countl somethingsuchasyour work spokesman /'speuksmen/
that providestl-renoney tl'rzrt
you
lcount] someonewhosejob is to
needto live
officiallyrepresentan organization
and to speakto journalists
mission / mrJ(e)n/[singular]an ain'r
noun [count]
tl'ratis very important to a personor
subsidy /'srrbsedi/
organizatior-r
an alrount of money that the
governmentor anotherorganization
modernise /'mode(r)natzlverb Il/T]
paysto help to reducetl-recostof a
to becomelessolcl-fashioned,
or
productor service
to nake somethingbecon'reless
old-fashioned,
triumph l'tratnmflnoun lcount] an
asa resultof new
rnethods,equipn-rent,
excitingvictory or sllccess
or ideas
negotiate /nr'geuJiert/
verb [l/T] to try
to reachan agreementby discussing
sornethingformally
owner /'eune(r)/noun [count]
someonewho ownsson'retl-ring
payout I'petautlnoun [count] an
amount of money tl-ratis paid to
viable /'vareb(e)l
I adj.able to be dorre,
or worth doing
workforce /'ws:(r)k,fc:(r)s/nou n
[s i n g u l a r]th e total numberof
peoplewho work in a particular
conpany, industry,or country
CASESTUDY3
STAFFAPPRAISAL
anonymous /e'nonrmes/
adj. done or
written by sor-neone
whosename is
not known
assessment/e'sesment/
noun [count]
tl'reprocessof thinking about
sometl-ring
careftrllyand rnakinga
j trdgen'rer-rt
about it
atmosphere /retmes,fie(r)/
noun
Isingular]the rnoodt]ratexistsir-ra
place and affectsthe peoplethere
attitude l' nfi ,t1u:dlnoun [uncount]
opir-rions
or feelingstl-ratyor-rshow
by your behavior-rr
basis/'bersrs/noun lcount] a particular
method or systemthat is usedfor
doing or organizir-rg
something
behave lblhewlverb [l] to do things
ir-rzrparticularway
conduct /ken'dnkt/verb [T] to do
son'rethingin an organizedway
delegate l'delegetlnoun [count]
someonewho is chosento represent
a group of otherpeopleat a meeting
detest ldt'testlverb[T] to hate
someoneor son'retl'ring
d i sadvanta g es /,drsed'vontrd3azl
noun [count] sornethingthat rlakes
sorrleoneor somethinglesseffectile.
successftrl.
or attractive
effectiveness /rrfektrvnes/no u n
[uncount] degreeto wl-ricl-r
son'rethingworkswell and produces
tl-reeffectthat wasintended
efficient /r'fiJ(e)ntladj. working well
and producinggooclresults,using
the availabletirne,money,supplies
etc. in tl'rernosteffectiveway
emphasi s/' emfesrs/
noun [count]
specialimportanceor attentionthat
is given to one thir-rgin particular
solTleone
.ASE
sruDrES
GLossARY
E
useless/'ju:sles/adj. r-roteffective
in achievingtl'repurposeit was
intendedto achieve
motivation /,meutrrve{(e)n/nou n
subord i nate /se'bc:(r)dmet/nou n
Iuncount]a feelingof enthusiasm
[count] someonewho haslesspower
about sometl'ring,or a detern-rination
or authoritythan someoneelse
to do something
teamwork /'ti:m,ws:(r)k/nou n
nonsense/'nons(e)ns/
noun Iuncount]
[uncount] work that yor,rdo together
ideas,behaviour,or statements
that
with other people
are not true or sensible
noun [count]
timescale /'tarm,skerl/
outstand i ng /aut'strendr4/
adj.
time
in
the periodof
which
extremelygood or impressive
somethinghappensor shouldbe
done
performance /pe(r)'fc:(r)mens/noun
trust ltrrctl noun [uncount]a feeling
Iuncount]the standardof success
that someoneor somethingachieves
that you trust someoneor something
perspective /pe(r)'spektrv/nou n
lcount] away of thinking about
sornething
prejudice /'pred5udrs/
noun [uncount]
an unreasonable
opinion or feeling,
especiallytl-refeelir-rgof not liking a
particulargroup of people
adj. not
uneconomic /,,Lni:ke'nomrk/
capableof making a profit
unfair /nn'fee(r)/adj. not fair, just , or
reasonable
CASE
sruDrEs
GLossAE
CASESTUDY4
COMPANY STRUCTURE
accounta bi Iity /e,kaunte'brleti/
noun [uncount] responsibility
for
somethingtl'rathashappened
accountable /e'kaunteb(e)1/
adj. in a
positionwhere people can criticize
you or askyou why something
happened
advantage /ed'vo:ntrd3/noun [count]
a good featureor quality that
somethinghas;somethingthat
makesone personor thing more
likely to succeedthan others
advice led'varclnoun [uncount]an
opinion that someonegivesyou
about the bestthing to do in a
particularsituation
advise led'vatzlverb[l/Tl to give your
opinion to someoneaboutthe best
thing to do in a particr-rlar
situation
approach ldpreutfl noun [count] a
way of dealingwith something
branch hrolntJl noun [count] a
shop or office representinga large
companyor organizationin a
particulararea
centralise /'sentrelarzlverb [T] to give
control of a country, organization,
or ir-rdustry
to one centralgroup of
people
centralised /'sentrelavdl adj. brought
togetherunder the control of one
central group of people
chain lt[em/noun [count] a group
of businesses
that all belong to the
samecompany
delivery /dr'hv(e)rilnoun [count] the
processof bringing goodsor letters
to a place
depot l'depeulnoun [count] a large
building where things are stored
until they are needed
diversify /dar'vs:(r)srfar/
verb Il/T]
to developadditionalproductsor
activities
division /dr'vr5(e)n/noun lcount]
or-reof the partsinto which a large
or ganrzatronis divided
cAsE
sruDrEs
GLossARY
E
geographical /,d3i:e'grrefik(e)Il
adj.
relatingto an areaor place,or to
geography
wa rehouse /'wee(r),haus/nou n
[count] a big building wherelarge
amountsof goodsare stored
operational /,ope'rerJ(e)nel/
adj.
relatingto the way somethingworks
policy /'polesi/noun [count] a setof
plansor actionsthat are agreedon
by a government,politic:rl party,
business,or other orgar-rization
profit l'profftl noun [uncount]
money that you get when you sell
sornethingfor a price that is higher
than the costof rnaking it or buying
it
project l'prod3ektlnoun [count]
an organizedattempt to achieve
something
promote lpre'meutlverb[T] to support
somethingor to help son-rething
to
develop
retail l'rilteilladj. relatingto the saleof
to thepublicfortheir
il""d:$r"ctly
role lreull noun lcount] the pr-rrpose
or influencethat someoneor
somethinghas
CASE STUDY5
LINUX
adapt le'dnptl verb [T] to make
somethingmore suitablefor a new
Llseor situation
afford le'fct(r)dlverb[T] to have
enor-rghmoney to pay for something
bilf ion I'b:Irjen/numberthe nr,rmber
1 ,0 00, 000, 000
budget I'btd3ttlverb [l] to careftrlly
plan the way you will spendyour
noney
compatible /kem'preteb(e)l/
adj. able
to be usedtogetherwith another
pieceof computerequipmentor
sofhvare
consequence /'konsrkwens/nou n
+
[count] a resultor effectof
something
nlore
version /'vsr(r)J(e)rV
noun lcount] a
form of somethingthat is different
fron'rother forms or fron'rthe
original
viability /,vare'brleti/
noun [uncount]
abilitvto work and succeed
Prograln
upgrade l"tp,gretdlnoun [count] a
piece of equipment or softwarethat
is designedto make_acomputer
license/'lars(e)ns/
noun [count] an
official document that givesyou
permissionto do or usesomething
cAsE
sruDrEs
GLossAE
t
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I'ublishersLirnited
A clivisionof h'lacn'riliarr
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