Prof. K.A.

Narh

ME-315-002: Spring 2015

11.2
Given: E = 72 GPa; Le = 3 m

Homework #12 Solution

40 mm

b b
t ? o i
2

50 mm

(a) Area of circle = area of square

d
4

2
o

di2 bo2 bi2

bi2 bo2

d
4

2
o

50 mm

di2
1

2
2
bi bo2 d o2 di2 502 502 402 42.35 mm
4
4

b b 50 42.35
t o i
3.83 mm
2
2
(b)
Circular bar
I

64

Pcr

4
o

di4

2 EI
L2e

64

50

404 181.13 109 m4

2 72 109 181.13 109

14.30 kN

Square bar
I

1 4 4
1
bo bi 504 42.354 252.80 109 m 4

12
12

Pcr

2 EI
L2e

2 72 109 252.80 109

19.96 kN

11.12
15 mm

(a) Pcr is proportional to I:

Pcr

EI
2

L2e

We have
R4
Is

30 mm

Ih

R
4
R
4
2

30 mm

15 R 4 15
I s (Note: use and R = radius; r = radius of gyration)

16
4
16

1
100% 6.25%
16
(b) Substituting the given data:

Thus, reduction in Pcr is:

15 0.015
37.276 109 m 4
64
2
9
9
2 EI h 110 10 37.276 10
Pcr

17.99 kN
2
L2e
1.5
4

Ih

11.13
Pall

Pcr

all cr 15 MPa
fs
fs

(a) Pcr 2 100 200 kN

3
Pcr L2 200 10 2
I 2 2
7.369 106 mm 4
E 11104

A=bh
3

1 3 a4
bh
7.369 106 a 96.97 mm
12
12

Ix=h b/12

Check:
We have:

P
100 103

10.63 MPa 15 MPa

A 0.09697 2

Thus, a cross section of 97mm97 mm is acceptable

(b)
Pcr 2 200 400 kN
2
400 103 2
6
4
I

2 11109

14.738 10 mm

a4
14.738 106 a 115.32 mm
12
P
200 103

15.04 MPa 15 MPa
A 0.11532 2
I

Dimension is not acceptable

Therefore we use 15 MPa to calculate a
a2 A

200 103
a 115.5 mm
15 106

all
Use a cross section of 116116 mm

11.18
Assumptions:
Column ends:
(a) Assume fixed-free (top end propped mean end is free to move)). A
(b) Neglect weight of beam
(c) Deflection of beam AC equals the vertical
displacement of the column BD prior to buckling.

Lb

Lb
2

C
Lc

If we assume a fixed-free ended column (more realistic), then

D

Le = KL=2Lc

Pcr

2 EI c

2 Lc

(a) Fixed-free Column

2 EI c
4 L2c

FBD of whole beam:

For convenience, we generalize the situation as shown:

Q
x

Let Q equal the reaction force from the column:

That is,

RA

Q Pcr

RC

Taking moments at points A and C in turn:

L2
L
a
M A 0 : -RC L p 2 Qa 0 RC p 2 Q L
L2
L
b
M

0
:
R
L

p
Qb 0 RA p Q
C
A
2
2
L
Moment Equations
For 0 x a (see Figure on the right):

M1

M x 1

x
0
2
pL Qb
x2

p
,

2
L
2

RA x M ( x)1 p

V x

px

x
RA

M 1 b
x
Q L

Now, we place the origin at C:

For 0 x b (see Figure on the right):
x 2
RC x M ( x) 2 p
0
2
M 2 a
x2
pL Qa
M2

p
,
x

L
2
Q L
2

V x

px

M( x )2

RC

Using Castiglianos Theorem, the midsection deflection is given by

vB

a
b
a
b
M M1
M M 2
M M
1 L Qb
x2 b
1 L Qa
x 2 a
dx 1
dx 2
dx
xdx
p
x p xdx
p
x p

EI Q
EI Q
EI Q
EI 0 2 L
2L
EI 0 2 L
2 L
0
0

After integration, we obtain

a

1
vB
EI

2 3
pLx3 px 4 b
1
b x

6
8
L
L
3
EI

2
3
pLx3 px4 a
a x

8 L
L 3 0
6

or

vB

pab
24 EI

3 3 3 Qa 2b 2

2
2
4
a

a b 3EIL2 a 8

Upon substituting a =b =L/2, we obtain

vB

5 pL4
QL3

384 EI 48EI

Finally, with Q= -Pcr, we obtain:

2 EI 3
L

5 pL4 4 L
5 pL4 2 L
L 5 pL3
vB

384 EI
48EI
384 EI 192 192 2 EI

11.21
Given: Pin-jointed structure (end conditions: of
BC is pinned-pinned),
A =5.4x10-5 m2
I = 3.91x10-9 m4
E = 210 GPa
Tensile failure stress tf = 42 MPa,
Compressive Failure stress cf = 63 MPa
From the free-body diagram for the truss shown on the right, we calculate the reactions in AB and BC (BC is
A
compression bar):
6
5
For bar AB: RAB P 2 1.41P tf A 42 10 5.4 10 2268 N
R AB
or

P = 1604 N
R BC 45
P
1605
B
.

30
MPa

42
MPa,
No
failure
C
A 5.4 105
For bar BC:
P
This is a compression bar, and we must first determine whether or not the Euler formula applies. Hence, we
must first calculate L/r (the slenderness ratio):
A
r
0.00851 m and
I
2.5
L r
294
0.00851

The Euler formula applies in this range:

Thus,
2
9
9
2 EI 210 10 3.9 10
RBC Pcr 2
1297 N
2
L
2.5
Next we calculate the Euler critical stress cr

cr

Pcr
1297

24 MPa
A 5.4 105

Conclusion: Bar BC fails as a column.

Hence BC fails before AB.
P

11.35
2
Given: v a0 1 4 x
2

0.5L
L

Hence,

8a0 x
8a
; v 20
2
L
L

0.5 L

The displacement, u, experienced by a column is given by Equation (10.29):

L

1
2
v dx

20

P
x

The work done by the load P, and the strain energy gained U are given by Equations (11.21) and (11.22):
2

L
L
1 dv
M2
EI d 2v
W Pu( x )dx P dx and U
dx

dx
2 dx
2 EI
2 dx 2
0
0
0
0

Potential Energy function is thus given by

L

EI
1
2
2
v dx P v dx
2
2
0

For the deflected column, the boundary conditions are: v( L / 2 ) v( L / 2 ) 0

Hence, the limits of integration are from -L/2 to L/2:

L
2

L
2

EI
2
v dx
2

L
2

L
2

2
2
2
2
1
EI
1
EI 8a0
1 8a x
2
2
2

P
v
dx

2
v
dx

2
P
v
dx

dx

L 2
0 2
0 2
0 2 L2
0 2 P L02 dx

32 EIa02 32 Pa02

L3
12 L
Thus, employing Rayleigh-Ritz method:

64 EIa0 64 Pa0

0
a0
L3
12 L
Pcr

12 EI
L2