PERMANENT MAGNET DC MOTOR

Diploma in Electrical Engineering (Industrial Electronic)

Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universti Malaysia Pahang,2600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Group5
PermanentMagnetDCMotor

Abstract - The permanent magnet dc motor

(PMDC) have two types: the brushed/commutator
and the brushless dc motor have many
similarities; they both have permanent magnets
on the rotor and require alternating stator
currents to produce constant torque. The
difference in these two types are the position of
permanent magnets. PMDC is a rotating
machines that operate by magnetic force using
direct current. The magnets in the dc motor
maintain their own persistent magnectic fields.
For constructions, we have show the detail
diagram of dc motor. Some of the operation of
PMDC and equivalent circuit also include in the
report. Several application in industry are discuss
in this report.

Commutator
motor
uses
a
rotating
amature/rotor winding with a stationary field
of permanent magnet.

I. BASIC CONSTRUCTION PMDC

The permanent magnets of the PMDC motor
are supported by a cylindrical steel stator
which also serves as a return path for the
magnetic flux. The rotor serves as an armature.
It has winding slots, commutator segments and
brushes as in conventional dc machines.
There are three types of permanent magnets
used
for
such
motors.
[1] Alnico magnets used in motors having
ratings in the range of 1kW to 150kW.
[2] Ceramic(ferrite) magnets They are much
economical in fractional kilowatt motors
[3] Rare-earth magnets made of samarium
cobalt and neodymium iron cobalt

Brushless motor has reverse construction a

rotating field permanent magnet and a
stationary amature winding that is externally
commutated by an electronic control.

II. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

In PMDC motor, a fixed magnetic
field generated by the permanent magnets
interacts with the perpendicular field
induced by the currents in the rotor
windings, thus creating a mechanical
torque.
As the rotor turns in response to this
torque, the angle between the stator and
rotor fields is reduced, so that the torque
would be nullified within a rotation of 90
electrical degrees.
To sustain the torque acting on the
rotor, permanent-magnet DC motors
incorporate a commutator, fixed to the
rotor shaft.
The commutator switches the supply
current to the stator so as to maintain a
constant angle = 90, between two fields.
Because the current is continually
switched between windings as the rotor
turns, the current in each stator winding is
actually alternating, at a frequency
proportional to the number of motor
magnetic poles and the speed.

electronic switch circuit is used for switching

the current in the stator winding.
III. MOTOR LOSSES
The main source of motor losses are

or copper losses. If we increase the speed the

copper losses are very small compared to the
hysteresis and eddy current losses or iron
losses.
Hysteresis losses in an electromagnetic are
caused by magnetic flux reverse (from positive
to negative or negative to positive).
Eddy current losses are caused simultaneously
by the time rate of change of current.
IV. APPLICATION OF PMDC

The basic principle of operation of Permanent

Magnet DC motor and the Brushless DC
motor is one as same. In PMDC, commutator
is used whereas in brushless DC motor power

I2 R

A mobile robot: PMDC motor have

been proven most suitable for position
control machine tool,robotic and
electric bike.
Laser printer: a polygon mirror
coupled directly to motor shaft and it
speed is control very accurately.
PMDC motor so suitable in this
condition.
Hard disk drive: brushless dc motor
which are smaller and more efficient
have been developed for this
application.

V. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES PMDC

Advantages

Motor do not require an external field

circuit.
No field circuit copper losses
Smaller than corresponding shunt dc
motor
Cheaper and economical

Disadvantages

Cannot produce as high flux density

more than lower induced torque
PMDC motors run the risk of
demagnetization
Not possible to control the speed of
the PMDC motor by varying the field
current or flux
CONCLUSION

In the conclusion, we can conclude that the

PMDC are used in many industrial application.

Well-known engineering criteria have been

used to determine the application characteristic
of permanent magnets. Permanent magnet
motors offer several advantages like decreased
installation space for higher power. These
advantages apply for several field and are
intensively used in machine tool, compressor,
cryo, and energy generator.
REFERENCE
[1]http://www.completepowerelectronics.com/
permanent-magnet-dc-pmdc-motor/
[2] http://www.electrical4u.com/torqueequation-of-dc-motor/
[3] Pragasen Pillay and Ramu Krishnan,
Application Characteristics of Permanent
Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC
Motors for Servo Drives Member, IEEE