Our Lady of Fatima University

Valenzuela City
College of Medical Laboratory Science
Mycology and Virology

Summary:
Novel Studies about Treatment
For HIV/AIDS

As a Requirement for the Subject

Mycology and Virology

Presented by:
Francis Cedrick J. Victorino
MD 3Y2 2

Submitted to:
Ana Blezilda Arca, RMT
Mycology and Virology Instructor

Aspidosperma subincanum II. Usefulness of

uleine and ribonucleic fragments in the
treatment of AIDS patient
The treatment for AIDS lies on the intake of chemicals that are made to
reduce viral load. AIDS/HIV suppresses the immune system but no study has
been made in using chemical treatment to stimulate the proliferation and
activity of lymphocytes. This type of treatment would benefit the patients
because some drugs are immunosuppressive, which add to the
immunosuppression stimulated by the pathogen. Means exist to induce
immune response, either by inducing nitric oxide production by lymphocytes
and other cells, or else by promoting proliferation of lymphocytes. Uleine is a
substance present in plants that has the capacity to induce synthesis of nitric
oxide which can be use as an adjuvant for immunodepressed patients.
Nucleic acid oligomers, on the other hand, have been proven to inhibit Shope
fibroma and vaccinia viruses thus traced to stimulate lymphocyte and
platelets multiplication. Also, Para Immuno containing propolis, royal jelly
and pollen is offered to clinician because it can stimulate the immune
system. These supplements would be useful to aid the immune system of
immunocompromised patients to protect the body from various
immunosuppressive activities of several pathogens and some drugs. This
study has been authenticated by administering the drugs during a year to
AIDS patient.
All mentioned protocols are proven effective. The uleine induces nitric
oxide production, ribonucleotides stimulate lymphocyte multiplication and
Para immune boosts the immune system. However, application of uleine
alone to non-treated patients, whether at high or low concentration, shows a
remarkable result.

Dolutegravir for the treatment of HIV-2

infection
Drug therapies are limited for HIV-2 because of that HIV-2 has lack of
susceptibility to HIV-1 non-nucleosidase reverse transcriptase inhibitors and
limited susceptibility to several HIV-1 protease inhibitors. This is a major
problem for HIV-2 patients with past antiretroviral failure. Phenotypic studies
have shown that HIV-2 is susceptible to inhibition by HIV-1 integrase

inhibitors like Dolutegravir. It demonstrates potent antiviral activity and low

cross-resistance in vitro to most raltegravir-resistant HIV mutants.
From 297 individuals listed at the Spanish HIV-2 register (2013), 196
were males and 212 were immigrants from Africa. At the time of diagnosis,
61% had undetectable plasma HIV-2 RNA.

Engineered DNA modifying enzymes:

Components of a future strategy to cure
HIV/AIDS
A routine cure HIV infection is still a distant aim. However, a latest
example of HIV suppression in patients who received CCR5-negative bone
marrow cells after full-body irradiation has increased new hopes for cure for
AIDS. This study reviewed new HIV treatment techniques that utilize genome
engineering to target HIV infection. This study gives new ways to fight the
infection alone or in combination with pre-existing established treatments,
promise to give rise to in transforming HIV to a curable disease.
Genetic therapies against HIV are already established. For instance, T
cell gene modification may cause transitory effect, thus the strategy applied
for functional use. On the other hand, HSPCs gene alteration may cause
repopulation of the patients hematopoietic system with genetically modified
cells, including HIV host cells.

Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cells

transplantation and genetic modification of
CCR5 m303/m303 mutant patient for
HIV/AIDS
HIV and AIDS are some of the biggest challenges worldwide because of
the mere fact that, even today, there is still no cure for the virus. Some
approaches are studies for HIV and AIDS treatment, one of which is in the
category of CCR5 gene. CCR5 is a chemokine receptor that aids the entry of
HIV to T-helper cells and macrophages. Presently, various polymorphisms by
CCR5 have known to produce protein that has no function, as a result HIV
cannot enter the immune cells thus making the body resistant to HIV/AIDS.
Examples of mutations that can lead to resistance to HIV or AIDS are
D32/D32 and m303/m303. Currently, a new approach has been developed,

which is the Hematopoietic Stem Cell transplantation (HSCT) that can

remove co-receptor antagonist and highly-active-anti retroviral therapy drugs
adversities.
In this hypothetical study, the researchers expect that autologous
HSCT could be an effective treatment; and m303/m303 will be the only gene
and cell therapy targets for treatment of HIV/AIDS

Prevention, treatment and future challenges

of HIV/AIDS: A decade of INDEPTH research
INDEPTH, which stands for the International Network for the
Demographic Evaluation of Population and their Health, is a growing network
of 48 health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSS) across Africa,
Asia, and the Pacific region. For the past three decades, HIV/AIDS has been
one of major health problems worldwide. In the present, HIV has taken the
lives of 36 million individuals, and 35 million are currently living with the
virus. Last 2012, 1.6 million people died of AIDS-related causes, and 2.3
million were recently infected with the virus. In this paper, they discuss the
main themes of the studies in terms of the prevention and treatment of
HIV/AIDS. Part one of these studies focuses on the efficacy of HIV prevention
strategies and describes new technology that can offer future prevention.
Part two talks about treatment for AIDS, focusing the success of antiretroviral therapy. And part three lays out under-researched areas about HIV.
The study concluded that the continuous use of condom is highly
protective against HIV infection. Though women are knowledgeable about
condom, they are unable to use them because of their partners refusal.
Infection with sexually-transmitted diseases is related to HIV infection; hence
treatment for STDs can help prevent transmission of HIV. The study also
found out that vertical transmission is 2.7 times higher in infant breastfed for
more than 6 months that in those breastfed for less than 6 months. The
study also discovered that male circumcision is the most promising
intervention for protection against HIV infection.