Page | 28

1.01
TH IN kS: A N ovel Tool for M ultiscale C FD C alculations of
H um an B lood C irculation
Dr. P. George Huang
Professor and Chair
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Wright State University
Dayton, OH 45435
Ph: +1 937 775 5043; Email: George.huang@wright.edu

A bstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is emerging as a tool for better assessment and management of cerebral
aneurysms. CFD calculations are often restricted to a small arterial zone and the solution is sensitive to boundary
conditions prescribed. A 1D simulation of the complete vessel network, THINkS (Total Human Intravascular NetworK
Simulation), is introduced to better describe the boundary conditions and to provide an overall flow information of the
complex vessel network.
As the governing equations for the blood flow in human vessel system can be casted in the same form as the gas dynamic
equations, the traditional shock capturing scheme can be modified to solve the hemodynamic equations. In this talk
we will discuss an in-house computer program - THINkS. THINkS consists of a simulation of 85 major arteries, 158
major veins, 43 arterial and 77 venous junctions. Blood flow in arterioles, capillaries and venules is modeled using
lumped parameter models, or the 0D models, which are modeled using the connection of a number of capacitors,
resistors and inductors to represent the real physics. The model used a simple 0D model for 20 one-artery-to-one-vein
micro circulations and 4 other 0D models for 7 complex arteries-to-veins micro circulations. Moreover, a 4-chamber 0D
model for the heart is used to allow blood to pump from superior vena cava I and inferior vena cava I veins, through
the pulmonary system, and discharge back to the ascending aorta artery. In addition to the 4 valves inside the heart,
there are also 15 venous valves used in the venous system.
THINkS calculations indicated usefulness of the model in predicting the trends of cerebral flow patterns. THINkS
solutions were validated with a number of in vivo experimental data and the agreement was excellent. A comparison
with experiments for the impact of incomplete circle of Willis (CoW) to the flow patterns was also made and the trend
shows an excellent agreement with reported data. THINkS allows for more accurate boundary conditions for 3D zonalbased CFD calculations. THINkS has been validated against available experimental data and shown to respond correctly
to the flow pattern change caused by the variation in CoW. It provides the detailed flow information of the entire
human body including cerebral vessel network. Our aim is to use THINkS to generate accurate flow assessments, guide
treatment plans, and more reliably predict risks associated with vascular lesions.

Page | 29

1.02
M easurem ent and Observation of Elem entary Transition B oiling
P rocess after Sudden C ontact of Liquid w ith H ot Surface
Yuichi MITSUTAKEa, Suhaimi ILLIASb, Koutarou TSUBAKIb,
Mohammad Nasim Hasanc, Masanori MONDEd
aInstitute
bDepartment
cDepartment
dReserch

of Ocean Energy, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga-shi, Saga Japan

of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga-shi, Saga Japan

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Cemeter for Hydrogen Industrial Use and Storagey,Kyusyu University, 744 Motooka,Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka Japan

A bstract
A Fast response surface temperature measurement technique has been developed to investigate transient transition
boiling phenomena after ethanol droplet impact on a nickel hot surface. Our motivation is to make clear the mechanism
of boiling transition between nucleate and film boiling which is closely related the recovery of wetting on the hot surface
being higher than the Leidenfrost temperature. In this study transient boiling phenomena during sudden contact of an
ethanol sessile droplet on a hot solid surface has been investigated to understand what governs whether the solid surface
keeps wet or not. The droplet impact boiling system is very simple and easier to observe but it includes the elementary
transition boiling process. Since the transient transition took place within a couple ten milliseconds, observation with
high speed video system and fast response surface temperature measurement technique are essential for better
understanding of the transition boiling phenomena.
The experiments were conducted for single and multiple droplet impacts. The multiple droplet impacts simulates liquid
and solid contact situations on a hot surface during spray or laminar jet quench. The nickel disk of 50 mm in diameter
and 5 mm in thickness was used as the hot surface. The hot surface was inclined from 0 deg (horizontal) to 40 deg. The
fast-response film thermocouple with a typical minimum response time of 80 microseconds was developed and fabricated
on the nickel disk at the depth of 3 micrometers from the surface. The temperature histories just beneath the surface
were recorded at the sampling frequency of 200 kHz. The boiling phenomena beneath a sessile droplet impacted on the
hot surface were observed by using a microscope equipped with the high speed video camera at the maximum frame
rate of 22.5 kfps. The surface temperature and surface heat flux were estimated with 1D inverse heat conduction
analysis. Histories of local surface temperature and local heat flux were compared with the boiling video image. The
experiments were done for different initial wall temperatures up to 250 oC, different liquid subcoolings from 33 to 53
K. The multiple impact frequency was changed from 280 to 840 Hz.
In case of the single droplet impact tests, the observation results showed that wetting situation was maintained for very
short time even though the surface temperature was beyond the liquid superheat limit temperature. We defined the
vapor film generation time as the characteristic boiling transition time scale from wetted nucleation boiling regime to
dry film boiling regime. The film generation time were measured for the extensive initial surface temperature range,
different subcoolings and different impact velocities. As the initial surface temperature increased, the film generation
time decreased to order of microsecond and film boiling situation seemed to be established via spontaneous nucleation
(vapor explosion) process. In case of the multiple droplets impact tests, film generation times were evaluated every
droplet impact during continuous cooling from the initial solid temperature. As long as the generation time was less
than 1 millisecond and much shorter than the impact period, stable film boiling was observed. Then the film generation
time increased with the droplet impact times and approached to the droplet impact period as the cooling time elapsed.
This region was recognized as the transition boiling region. After the generation time reached to the droplet impact
period and then stable wetted situation, namely nucleate boiling was observed. As compared with the single impact
tests, the generation time for the multiple impact became shorter than that for the single droplet impact at same initial
surface temperature and the lower limit surface temperature observed vapor film generation was reduced. This fact may
imply the effect of transient heat conduction on the wetting temperature shifts to higher wall superheat temperature
beyond liquid superheat limit temperature during quenching with jets or sprays.
Keywords: Fast-response temperature measurement; Transient transition boiling; Droplet; Wetting phenomenon
Page | 30

1.03
The A dvanced Technology and Future P rospect of OTEC in
Japan and the W orld - for Stable Energy & Sustainable W ater
R esource
Yasuyuki Ikegami, Saga University, Japan

A bstract
Europe and America and Korea have been promoted the practical use of the marine renewable energy forward on a
large scale project by the strong leadership of these governments while an energy problem and an environmental problem
of the 21st century on a global scale have been increasing in the acuteness and emergency degrees. The renewable ocean
energy (ROE) is strongly expected worldwide at practical use to be next to photovoltaic power generation, wind power
generation as enormous energy resources and a point of the job creation.. The activity of Japan on ROE has been
evaluated as world top-level at the laboratory level, by the way, Japan is delayed in the actual large proof R&D in the
sea area in the other countries more than ten years. Recently, Japan with a few resources has begun to be aimed at the
innovation of the ROE development full-scale as the sixth useful area in world, so-called exclusive economic zone (EEZ).
This year, the NEDO announced the technical road map toward 2030 of ROE including ocean thermal energy
conversion(OTEC) and the wave power generation.
Saga University has investigated on REO as only COE on REO in the whole country. Especially, OTEC has been
researched as aim at the practical use for about 40 years. OTEC is a system generating electricity with temperature
difference between warm sea water of the ocean surface and the cold sea water from depths 600m to 1,000m. The 30kW
OTEC device which Saga University has is evaluated on as the device that performance is the highest now in the world.
The characteristic of OTEC is stable and multi-purpose, not only the electricity but also seawater water conversion,
hydrogen production, lithium collection, the fishing ground reproduction is possible. Saga university has contributed to
the development of sustainable energy and water resources that these Japanese technology is asset to the project in
U.S.A., France, India, Taiwan now In this session, the current status and future prospect are presented on ROE, mainly
on OTEC.

Page | 31

1.04
C FD , In vivo and In vitro S tudies for B iofluid C irculations
Dr. Ing. Suh, Sang-Ho
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea

A bstract
Arterial diseases are being increased and the pathogenesis of hemodynamic mechanism of the development and
progression of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and aneurysm are being investigated. Development of clinical
diagnostic techniques has been so limited to define the pathobiological role of atherosclerosis. FSI (Fluid Structure
Interaction) and flow visualization is a good tool to analyze the vascular flow patterns. CFD, FSI and In vitro experiment
can helps to predict pathogenesis of the biofluid circulation problems and also applied to development of clinical
diagnostics technique. Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by inflammation and lipid accumulation in
the vascular wall, Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a syndrome characterized by repetitive episodic collapse of the
upper airway, and ureter obstruction occurs when urine flows in parallel in the bore and in the surrounding annulus of
a stent. The purpose of this study is to analyze flow patterns in the left coronary artery, upper airway, and ureter using
numerical and experimental techniques. Here we analyzed flow patterns and hemodynamic factors using numerical
techniques. We analyzed FSI (Fluid Structure Interaction) simulations in the left coronary artery, upper airway, and
ureter double J-stent 3D models which were carried out from CT scanned images and meshing done by CFD. The inflow
and outflow boundary conditions were applied from CT data for flow analysis. A Navier-Stokes governing equations
were discretized by finite volume method for numerical simulations. FSI analysis were performed of left coronary artery
to get the hemodynamic factors and flow visualization done by rapid prototype model, obstructive sleep apnea performed
flow characteristics in the upper airway to emerging concepts of ventilator control mechanisms in the normal sleep
apnea versus sleep disordered breathing, and ureter obstruction flow analysis of the effects of the ureteral wall
compliance, the pressure difference between the ureteral inlet and outlet. In the coronary RP model, Youngs modulus
and movement of coronary artery which affect hemodynamic and accordingly has an effect on atherosclerosis, and The
magnitude of the pressure gradient is regarded as the pressure effort required for breathing and extent the reduction of
pressure effort in the upper airway. These all results can be used to develop of clinical diagnostics techniques.

1.05
A new approach to anisotropy in w all-turbulent shear flow , and
w ith application to organised disturbances, w hen these are
present
P . K . Sen, Sriniv as V . V eerav alli, S. H eg d e and G anap at i Josh i
Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,
New Delhi 110-016, India

.
A B STR A C T
This paper takes a re-look at anisotropy in wall-turbulent shear flow, from the viewpoint of the primitive equations for
turbulence, i.e. without considering averages. The paper attempts to develop some simple rules for the anisotropic part,
and arrives at a logical definition of eddy viscosity and the turbulent shear stress tensor. The results are extended to
the constitutive equation for organised disturbances in turbulent shear flows, when such disturbances are present. The
model of Sen and Veeravalli (Sadhana 1998, 2000, 2007), for organised disturbances, seems to be vindicated.

Page | 32

1.06
A M icro Industry w ith C losed Energy and W ater C ycles for
Sustainable R ural D evelopm ent
Padma Vasudevan Sena, P.K. Sena, S. Hegdea, S.N. Singha, A. Mukhopadhyayb,
Prahalad Singhc, Philip Daviesd, R. Berryd, P. K. Deyd and Cyrus Engineere
aDepartment

of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India

bDepartment
cSchool

of Science and Technology, Delhi, India

of Desert Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

dAston
eIB

University, Birmingham, U.K.

Turbo Limited, New Delhi, India

A bstract
Sustainable development requires combining economic viability with energy and environment conservation and ensuring
social benefits. It is conceptualized that for designing a micro industry for sustainable rural industrialization, all these
aspects should be integrated right up front. The concept includes; (a) utilization of local produce for value addition in
a cluster of villages and enhancing income of the target population; (b) use of renewable energy and total utilization of
energy generated by co and trigeneration (combining electric power production with heat utilization for heating and
cooling); (c) conservation of water and complete recycling of effluents; (d) total utilization of all wastes for achieving
closure towards a zero waste system. Enhanced economic viability and sustainability is achieved by integration of
appropriate technologies into the industrial complex.
To prove the concept, a model Micro Industrial Complex (MIC) has been set up in a semi arid desert region in Rajasthan,
India at village Malunga in Jodhpur district. A biomass powered boiler and steam turbine system is used to generate
100-200 KVA of electric power and high energy steam for heating and cooling processes downstream. The unique feature
of the equipment is a 100-150 kW back-pressure steam turbine, utilizing 3-4 tph (tonnes per hour) steam, developed by
M/s IB Turbo. The biomass boiler raises steam at about 20 barg 3 tph, which is passed through a turbine to yield
about 150 kW of electrical power. The steam let out at a back pressure of 1-3 barg has high exergy and this is passed
on as thermal energy (about 2 MW), for use in various applications depending on the local produce and resources. The
biomass fuel requirement for the boiler is 0.5-0.75 tph depending on its calorific value. In the current model, the
electricity produced is used for running an oil expeller to extract castor oil and the castor cake is used as fuel in the
boiler. The steam is used in a Multi Effect Distillation (MED) unit for drinking water production and in a Vapour
Absorption Machine (VAM) for cooling, for banana ripening application. Additional steam is available for extraction
of herbs such as mint and processing local vegetables.
In this paper, we discuss the financial and economic viability of the system and show how the energy, water and
materials are completely recycled and how the benefits are directed to the weaker sections of the community.
Keywords: Trigeneration; Micro-industry; Sustainable development.

Page | 33

Page | 34

Page | 35

2.01
Experim ental Study on H eat Transfer and Friction Factor in
Lam inar Forced C onvection over Flat Tube in C hannel Flow
Tahseen Ahmad Tahseena,c, M.M. Rahmana,b,* and M. Ishaka
a Faculty

of Mechanical Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang

26600 Pekan, Pahang, MALAYSIA
Phone : +609-424-2246; Fax : +609-424-2202

bAutomotive

Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang

26600 Pekan, Pahang, MALAYSIA

c Department

of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering

Tikrit University, Tikrit, IRAQ

A bstract
The heat transfer and fluid flow over a flat tube in the channel with laminar forced convection is experimentally
investigated. The experiments were conducted at a flat tube in the flow direction, the five air velocity between 0.2
and1.0 m/s, and Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter (ReDh) was considered from 124.5 to 622.5. The
uniform heat flux supplies are at the surface of the tube are 354.9, 1016.3 and 1935.8 W/m 2 respectively. The
) for the flat tube increased with increase of ReDh
experimental results indicate that the average Nusselt numbers (
increased with an increase of heat flux supply at fixed ReDh. On the other
at fixed of the heat flux supply. The
relationship with ReDh in
hand, the friction factor decreased with increases of the front free stream velocity. The
ReDh correlation was found to be
= ( ) . The correlation achieved good
the power law, the
predictions of the measured data with the minimum root mean square value is 99.70%.
Keywords: Laminar forced convection; heat transfer; fluid flow; Reynolds number; heat flux; Nusselt number.

2.02
M H D Free C onvection and M ass Transfer Flow through a
V ertical Oscillatory P orous P late w ith H all, Ion -slip C urrents and
H eat Source in a R otating System
Md. Delowar Hossain, Md. Abdus Samad and Md. Mahmud Alam
Department of Mathematics,University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
*Mathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

A bstract
Unsteady MHD free convection and mass transfer flow through a vertical oscillatory porous plate with hall, ion-slip
currents and heat source in a rotating system are studied. The governing equations of the problem contain a system of
non-linear coupled partial differential equations. The coupled non-linear partial differential equations are solved by
explicit finite difference method and the numerical results have been calculated by Compaq Visual 6.6a. For good
accuracy, stability and convergence analysis have been analyzed. The results of this investigation are discussed for the
different values of the well-known parameters and are shown graphically.
Keywords: MHD flow, Hall current, Ion-slip current, Suction parameter, Heat source

parameter.

Page | 36

2.03
Tw o-phase frictional m ultiplier correlation for the prediction of
condensation pressure drop inside sm ooth horizontal tube
Md. Anowar Hossaina,, Hasan MM Afroza, Akio Miyarab
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur,

Bangladesh

bDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University, Saga shi 840-8502, Japan

A bstract
In the present work, a two-phase frictional multiplier ( v) correlation for the prediction of condensation pressure drop
inside smooth horizontal tube has been proposed incorporating the effect of mass velocity, tube geometry and surface
tension. Other existing correlations and the newly proposed correlation of two-phase frictional multiplier have been used
to predict the condensation pressure drop of R1234ze(E), R32, R410A, dimethyl ether (DME) and
R1234ze(E)/R32mixtures (30/70 and 45/55 weight %) inside a horizontal smooth tube. The predicted results have been
compared with the available experimental data which is done inside a water heated double tube heat exchanger. The
test section is a horizontally installed smooth tube with effective length of 3.6m and inner diameter of 4.35mm. The
experiment has been carried out under the conditions of mass flux varying from 147 to 403 kgm -2s-1 and the saturation
temperatures ranging between 30 and 45 C, over the vapor quality range 0.0065 to 0.9724. From the results of
comparison, proposed correlation shows better performance for all refrigerants. Proposed v correlation can predict all
the experimental data within 11%.
Keywords: Condensation; R1234ze(E); frictional multiplier; R1234ze(E)/R32 mixture.

2.04
G eom etric effect on m agnetohydrodynam ic convection in a half m oon shaped cavity filled w ith w ater having sem i-circular bottom
heater
Khan. Md. Rabbi, Towkir Ahmad, Satyajit Mojumder, Sourav Saha, Md. Zobayer
Hossain
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
Magneto-hydrodynamic convection has been gaining attention due to its wide range of application. In this paper
magneto-hydrodynamic convection in a half-moon (semi-circular) shaped cavity has been analysed. The cavity has two
semi-circular bottom heaters and effect of distance between this two heaters has been thoroughly investigated for two
different cases ( = 0.1, 0.4). Numerical simulation has been carried out for a wide range of Rayleigh number (Ra =
103 ~ 107) and for Hartmann number (Ha = 0 ~ 100) to understand the flow and thermal field. Galerkin weighted
residual method of finite element analysis has been adopted for numerical solution along with code validation and grid
independency test to ensure the numerical accuracy. It has been found that strengthening of magnetic field tries to
reduce the heat transfer rate, whereas increment of heater distance augments the heat transfer rate. Results analysed
on the basis of Nusselt number and average fluid temperatures are shown by related contours, plots and graphical
analysis. Therefore, higher heat transfer rate has been achieved for = 0.4.
Keywords: MHD convection; Bottom heater; Rayleigh Number; Hartmann Number; Magnetic Field.

Page | 37

2.05
The Enhancem ent of H eat Transfer in a C ircular Tube with
Insert and w ithout Insert by using the Finite Elem ent M ethod
Sabbir Hossaina, Ujjwal Kumar Debb, Kazi Afzalur Rahmana
aMechanical

Engneering Department, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology

bDepartment

of Mathematics, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology

A bstract
This paper presents a Finite Element based model of the heat transfer problem. The Enhancement of heat transfer with
mass in a tube has been investigated without insert and with insert i.e. combination of horizontally and vertically
arranged rectangular boxes of 5 mm thickness are being fitted perpendicular to the flow direction respectively at equal
distance from each other along the length. The combinations are composed of without insert, two inserts, four inserts,
six inserts, eight inserts and ten inserts. The purpose of using inserts is to scatter the fluid particles in the laminar flow
which increases the heat transfer. An 800 mm long pipe with 26 mm inner diameter and 5 mm thickness is considered
in our simulation. The simulations have been completed for both stationary and time dependent conditions with
Reynolds number 1600~2400. A constant heat flux is generated at the boundary layer of the tube close to the flowing
fluid around the boundary layer. We also have shown the comparisons of heat transfer rate among different combinations
of inserts to understand the heat transfer phenomenon for the computational domain.
Keywords: CFD Analysis, Mass transfer, FEM Analysis, Boundary heat flux, Boundary element

20.6
Effect of C orner R adius of a T - Junction M ini-Square C hannel on
Fluid Flow and H eat Transfer in the D eveloping R egion: A Three
D im ensional N um erical Sim ulation.
Abhik Majumdera, Sambit Majumderb
aNational

Institute of Technology, Agartala, 799055, India

bNational

Institute of Technology, Agartala, 799055, India

A bstract
In recent years, there is a trend of miniaturization of devices like heat exchangers, microfluidic devices, MEMS and
electronic chip devices. The study of fluid flow in these devices is of great significance nowadays. Due to small
dimensions, the entrance design is a matter of concern and importance. In this work, the effect of variation of corner
radius, on thermo- hydrodynamic characteristics of a three dimensional model of T-junction square mini-channel duct
of 2 mm sides is studied under constant heat flux applied (H2 type) on the horizontal part. The length of horizontal
section is 300 mm. The T junction is placed at the middle of 60 mm long vertical section. The numerical simulation
was done in general purpose CFD package FLUENT. The simulation is performed for two Reynolds number, one in
laminar flow range (Re 1000) and the other in turbulent flow range (Re 3200). It is observed that incorporation of fillets
at T-junction changed the nature of the fluid flow and heat transfer locally. Variations in velocity and Nusselt number
have been observed in both the laminar and turbulent flow regime. Within developing region local velocity is found to
be increasing with increase in corner radii towards downstream of the channel in laminar and turbulent flow. Whereas
the local Nusselt numbers are less as compared to base model for all heating conditions and corner radii, resulting in
local wall temperature rise. Hence, such incorporation of corner radii may accelerate the uniform flow velocity growth.
Vortices are observed to be diminishing near the junction with increase in corner radii.
Keywords:T junction; corner radius; heat transfer; fluid flow; local Nusselt number.

Page | 38

2.07
N atural convection of fluid w ith viscous dissipation and variable
viscosity from a heated vertical w avy surface
Nazma Parveen and Md. Abdul Alim
Department of Mathematics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
A numerical analysis used to simulate the effects of the viscous dissipation and variable viscosity on natural convection
heat transfer boundary layer flow along a vertical wavy surface has been investigated. A simple coordinate
transformation is employed to transform the wavy surface into a flat plate. The boundary layer equations and the
boundary conditions are discretized and solved numerically using by the finite difference scheme known as the Kellerbox method. Effects of the viscous dissipation and variable viscosity parameter on the skin friction coefficients, the local
Nusselt number, the streamlines as well as the isotherms are presented and discussed in detail. The results of this
investigation illustrate that the skin friction coefficient increases with an increase of the variable viscosity and viscous
dissipation parameter, while the local Nusselt number at the heated surface decreases with increasing variable viscosity
and viscous dissipation parameter.
Keywords: Viscous dissipation; variable viscosity; natural convection; uniform surface temperature; Keller-box method;
wavy surface

2.08
Effect of m agnetic field on natural convection in a C -shaped
cavity filled w ith ferrofluid
Satyajit Mojumder, Sourav Saha, Sumon Saha, M.A.H. Mamun
Department of Mechanical Engineering , Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology,Dhaka-1000.

A bstract
In this paper, natural convection heat transfer has been analyzed for a C-shaped cavity filled with ferrofluid. Cobaltkerosene ferrofluid is selected here for different solid volume fractions ( = 0 ~ 0.15). Galerkin weighted residual method
is applied to obtain the numerical solution. Simulations are carried out for a wide range of Rayleigh (Ra = 103 ~ 107)
and Hartmann (Ha = 0 ~ 100) numbers for both the ferrofluid and the plain fluid. From this work, it is found that
higher Rayleigh number enhances the heat transfer rate significantly, whereas presence of magnetic field tries to retard
convection. Moreover, addition of 15% solid volume fraction of nanoparticle can augment the heat transfer rate up to
52.65% at moderate Rayleigh number compared to the base fluid. By an optimization of these parameters, effective
heat transfer control equipment can be developed. Results are interpreted on the basis of streamline and isotherm
patterns, and average Nusselt number of the heated wall and average fluid temperature of the cavity.
Keywords: Ferrofluid; C-shaped cavity; Magnetic field; Natural convection.

Page | 39

2.09
Soret and D ufour effects in an M H D flow over a porous rotating
disk using H A M
Navid Freidoonimehra, Mohammad Mehdi Rashidib,c, Mohammad Shakhaoath
Khand, Mohammad Ferdowse
aYoung

Researchers & Elite Club, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

bMechanical
cMechanical

Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

Engineering Department, University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China
dDepartment

of Chemical Engineering, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, AUSTRALIA

eDepartment

of Mathematics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
The main concern of the present article is to study the steady MHD flow past a porous rotating disk using a semi
numerical/analytical method named Homotopy analysis method (HAM). The von-Karman transformations are
employed to transform the governing equations into system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The
results of the present study are compared with numerical quadrature solutions employing a shooting technique with
excellent correlation in an especial case. The effects of flow physical parameters such as magnetic interaction parameter,
suction parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Soret and Dufour number on the fluid velocity, temperature and
concentration distributions are presented graphically and discussed in details. Results show that the effect of increasing
Soret number or decreasing Dufour number tends to decrease the temperature distribution while enhances the
concentration distribution.
Keywords: Heat and mass transfer; MHD flow; Rotating disk; HAM; Soret effect; Dufour effect

2.10
Effect of fin and insert on the perform ance characteristics of
Open Loop P ulsating H eat Pipe (OLP H P )
M Lutfor Rahmana , Fariha Mira*, Sumaiya Nawrina, R A Sultana, and
Mohammad Alib
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, MIST, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh

bDepartment

of Mechanical Engg., BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh

A bstract
The pulsating heat pipe, a serpentine tube of capillary dimension with many turns, has great impact on todays
successful thermal management. It is an ascending technology to satisfy present requirement of increasing thermal
performance. Focusing on this, an experiment has been done on the open loop pulsating heat pipes (OLPHP) to observe
their performance characteristics by using two types of working fluid by varying inclination angles. The experiment is
performed on 2.5 mm inner diameter and 3 mm outer diameter OLPHP with an insert of copper wire of 1 mm diameter
and fins are added on the condensation section. This investigation is done using methanol and ethanol with 50% filling
ratio in OLPHP with 8 loops. In this experiment the effects on the performance of using fins with insert with two
different fluids (methanol and ethanol) and the variation of inclination angles are investigated. The results show that
the performance characteristics in all the circumstances are better for setup with fin and insert than the normal setup.
As higher thermal resistance indicates better performance, so we can say that setup with methanol performs better than
ethanol. This performance is best at 45 inclination angle. It can be seen that, higher the inclination angle, better the
performance and this performance is best at 45 inclination angle for this experiment.
Keywords: Open loop closed end pulsating heat pipe; evaporation; condensation; inclination angle; thermal conductance.

Page | 40

2.11
Experim ental investigation on heat transfer characteristics of an
Open Loop P ulsating H eat Pipe(OLP H P ) w ith fin
Md Lutfor Rahmana, Pijush Kanti Sahaa,*, Fariha Mira, Asfia Tanjim Totinia,
Sumaiya Nawrina and Mohammad Alib
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, MIST, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh

bDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh

A bstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation of an open loop pulsating heat pipe of 2 mm inner diameter and 2.5
mm outer di0061meter with fin in condenser section to study the heat transfer performance. The setup is an open loop
closed end pulsating heat pipe creating a total of 8 loops with total length of 25 cm. The performance characterization
will be done for methanol as working fluid with 50% filling ratio. The evaporator section is 5 cm in length and the
condensation section is of 8 cm with an adiabatic section of 12 cm. The evaporator section is heated by electrical input
using Ni-Chrome wire and the condenser section is cooled by fan. The effects of fin in PHP for open loop will be analyzed
for heat transfer characteristics and the results are compared with that of without fin keeping constant the other
parameters. The results explore the possibility of using the open loop pulsating heat pipe as an integrated structure to
achieve higher thermal conductance to the host substrate. Effect of gravity, pressure differential in the system,
temperature, heat input etc. may have influence in this fact due to which 45 inclined position of finned structure
shows the best performance.
Keywords: Open loop closed end pulsating heat pipe; evaporation; condensation; inclination angle; thermal conductance.

2.12
Study of Therm al C onductivity and M echanical P roperty of
Insulating Firebrick P roduced by Local C lay and P etroleum C oal
D ust A s R aw M aterials
Md. Hamidur Rahmana,*, Md.Tariqul Islama, Tamzid Ibn Minhaja, M.A.K.
Azada, Md.Mehedi Hasana and A.A.Md. Rezaul Haquea
aDepartment

of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh

A bstract
Thermal insulation is one of the major requirements for various industrial applications. In this study the evaluation of
thermal conductivity and mechanical property of an insulating refractory was carried out at elevated temperature. As
additive, coal dust and 4-5wt% water were mixed with local clay. After forming the bricks by conventional uniaxial
pressing method, the samples were first air dried for 2 hours at ambient temperature of 30C, then oven dried for 8-10
hours at 110C and finally fired in furnace for 6 hours at 1050C. The combustion of fully combustible coal incorporated
extra porosity in the final products resulting in enhanced thermal insulation. As experimental variables, three different
sets of coal particle size range (coarse: 100-500 m, medium 20-100 m, fine: less than 20m) and four different coal
percentages were used. The results thus obtained showed that increased fineness of coal dust for a fixed coal percentage
improved crushing strength and porosity and decreased thermal conductivity. In contrast, for a fixed coal particle size
range, crushing strength and thermal conductivity decrease and the percentage of porosity increases with the increase
of coal percentage.
Keywords: Thermal Insulation; Fireclay; Coal dust; Insulating Refractory; Porosity; Thermal Conductivity.

Page | 41

2.13
Effect of fin and insert on the perform ance characteristics of close
loop pulsating heat pipe (C LP H P )
M Lutfor Rahman1, Sumaiya Nawrin1,, Rasel A Sultan1, Fariha Mir1,
Mohammad Ali2
1Military

Institute of Science and Technology, Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh

2Bangladesh

University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
The pulsating heat pipe, a serpentine tube of capillary dimension with many turns, has great impact on todays
successful thermal management. It is an ascending technology to satisfy present requirement of increasing thermal
performance. Focusing on this, an experiment has been done on the close loop pulsating heat pipes (CLPHP) to observe
their performance characteristics by using two working fluids with varying inclination angles of 0 (vertical), 30 and
45. The experiment is performed on 2.5 mm inner diameter and 3 mm outer diameter CLPHP with an insert of copper
wire of 1 mm diameter and fins are added on the condensation section where the evaporation section is 50 mm, adiabatic
section is 120 mm and condensation section is 80 mm.This investigation is done using ethanol and methanol with 50%
filling ratio in CLPHP with 8 loops. Methanol shows better performance at 45inclination than ethanol due to their
physiochemical properties at different conditions.In this experiment the effects on the performance of using fins with
insert and the variation of inclination angles are investigated. The results show the better performance characteristics
and enhancement of heat transfer in the present experimental set-up because of using fin and insert.
Keywords: Pulsating heat pipe; Thermal performance; Close loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP); Insert of Copper wire;
fin on condensation section

2.14
A n experim ental investigation on the effect of fin in the
perform ance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe (C LP H P )
M Lutfor Rahman1, Rasel A Sultan1,, T Islam1, Noor M Hasan1, Mohammad Ali2
1Military

Institute of Science and Technology, Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh

2Bangladesh

University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
Pulsating heat pipes (PHP) have created a newer arena and promising possibilities as passive devices for heat transfer
applications, especially suited for thermal management of electronics. A closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) made
of copper with 2 mm ID and 2.5 mm OD with fin in the condenser section is used in the present work to evaluate the
heat transfer performances where the evaporation section is 50 mm, adiabatic section is 120 mm and condensation
section is 80 mm. The attempt is to analyze and compare the effects on the heat transfer performances of CLPHP with
finned and un-finned condenser section with inclination angle of 0 (vertical), 30 and 45. Methanol is used as working
fluid with 50% filling ratio in CLPHP with 8 loops during the experimentation. The experimental results indicate a
strong influence of gravity and thermo physical properties of the working fluid on the performance of the CLPHP
studied with different orientation and heat load. The results demonstrate the effect of fin used in condenser section, the
input heat flux, inclination angle orientation and physiochemical properties of the working fluid on the thermal
performance of the device. The finned CLPHP at 45 inclination exhibits the considerable enhancement of heat transfer
compared with that of CLPHP without fin.
Keywords: Electronic Cooling;
performance

Pulsating heat pipe (PHP);

Close loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP); Thermal

Page | 42

2.15
Effect of W aste H eat R ecovery on D rying C haracteristics of
Sliced G inger in a N atural C onvection D ryer
Jnyana R. Patia , Santosh K. Hottaa, , P. Mahantab
a Centre
b Department

for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati- 781039

of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati- 781039

A bstract
In the present work, quality drying characteristics of sliced ginger were studied utilizing the concept of waste heat
recovery in a biomass operated natural convection dryer with sensible heat storage material (SHSM) and phase change
material (PCM). Ginger slices (2 and 4 mm thickness) were dried from initial moisture content (MC) 88-90 % (w.b.) to
final moisture content 11-12% (w.b.) with hot air maintained at temperature 600C, air velocity 0.2 m/sec, atmospheric
average relative humidity 74% and ambient temperature 250C It was observed that the biomass consumption and
melting time of PCM were significantly reduced due to the use of waste heat. The optimum drying time was found to
be 5.5 h for 2 mm thick ginger slices. Color, texture and aroma were found better in treated sample.
Keywords: Waste heat recovery; Natural convection dryer; Phase change material; Quality drying

2.16
G round source heat pum p system controlled by refrigerant
average density
Koutaro Tsubakia*, Yuichi Mitsutakea
aSaga

University, Honjo 1, Saga, 840-8502, Japan.

A bstract
A ground source heat exists in a ground shallower than about 100 m in depth. The ground source heat was applied for
heat pump for air conditioning and snow melting, etc. However it is not popular in South area of Japan. We focus on
the ground source heat application in warm region, especially for air cooling. The ground temperature at isothermal
layer, about under 5m depth, is constant at about 18 C in Saga, Japan. This temperature is lower than the temperature
required for air cooling. Then a heat pipe with ground source heat can be used instead of a heat pump with atmosphere
heat source, usually used for air cooling. Heat pipe could operate with smaller energy consumption than heat pump.
Nevertheless the cycle operated like heat pipe is not used for ground heat source application. The novel ground source
heat application cycle, which could operate as heat pump and heat pipe, suit for an air cooling was investigated in this
research. The cycle operation condition is controlled by the average density. The cycle simulation of this cycle is
investigated. From the calculation results, heat transfer rate and exergy loss of cycle changed with refrigerant average
density. And also the best density condition was changed with the heat source temperature. Heat pipe operation could
operate as 1.32 times (R410A) and 1.34 times (R407C) higher the heat transfer rate per unit the total irreversible loss
compared with heat pump operation (P = 0.1 MPa). And heat pump operation (P = 0.1 MPa) could increase a heat
transfer rate 1.23 times (R410A) and 1.29 times (R407C) compared with heat pipe operation.
Keywords: Ground source heat; Heat pump; Heat pipe; Air conditioning

Page | 43

2.17
Therm al D iffusion Effect on U nsteady V iscous M H D M icropolar
Fluid Flow through an Infinite V ertical P late w ith H all and Ion slip C urrent
Nisat Nowroz Anikaa, Md. Mainul Hoqueb, Sheikh Imamul Hossainc
and Md. Mahmud Alamc
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia

b*Department

of Chemical Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia

cMathematics

Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

A bstract
An analysis is carried out to study the effect of Hall and Ion-slip current and heat transfer characteristics over an
infinite vertical plate for micropolar fluid in the presence of magnetic field. The governing boundary layer equation first
transformed into non-dimensional form and resulting non-linear system of partial differential equations are then solved
numerically by using the robust implicit finite difference technique. Also the unconditional stability and convergence
test has been carried out to establish the effect of shear stresses, couple stress, Nusselt number and Sherwood number
on the flow field. Finally, the effects of various parameters are separately discussed and shown graphically.
Keywords: Micropolar fluid; Hall current; Ion-slip current ; Thermal diffusion.

2.18
Effects of geom etric param eters on the flow characteristics for
turbulent flow in a w avy finned -tube heat exchanger: CFD
m odeling
Arafat A. Bhuiyan1,3, , M.Ruhul Amin2 and A K M Sadrul Islam3
1Faculty

of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC-3122, Australia.

2Department

of Mechanical Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana,MT 59717-3800, USA

3Department

of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh.nt

A bstract
In this study, the effects of thermal and hydraulic characteristics of wavy fin and tube heat exchanger are investigated.
Simulation has been carried out by a commercial computational fluid dynamics code, ANSYS CFX12.0. The main
objective of this study is to investigate the flow characteristics in turbulent flow. Results are predicted for the turbulent
flow regime (2100Re7000) and compared with authors previous work for laminar (400Re1200) and transitional
(1300Re2000) flow regime. Regarding turbulence, the k- model was used to predict the turbulent flow characteristics
with 5% turbulence intensity. Predicted results were compared with the experimental data for the purpose of validation
and the discrepancy is found within 10% in error range. Parametric study was conducted for different pitches and wavy
angles. Flow characteristics obtained for the turbulent range is in line with the pattern observed in laminar and
transitional ranges. This study demonstrates a clear understanding and relationship of among different flow ranges and
the effects of different geometric parameters on the performance of heat exchanger.
Keywords: Wavy fin tube heat exchanger, CFD modelling, Friction factor, Colburn factor, Efficiency index, Reynolds
number.

Page | 44

2.19
Experim ental investigation of transient heat transfer on a solid
surface, w ith fire retardant fabric under hot air im pinging jet
A.K.M. Nazrul Islama, , Md. Ashraful Islama, Manabendra Sahab
aDepartment
bCentre

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

for Energy Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia

A bstract

This paper represents an experimental investigation of the transient heat transfer on a solid base plate (mimic to skin)
covered by fire retardant fabric (Kevlar 49), under hot air jet impingement. The study was carried out by a fabricated
attachment with an axial flow wind tunnel for horizontal hot air jet impingement. The hot air jet was impinged on a
vertical base plate at different velocities and temperatures. A set of experimental conditions was considered to
understand the various heat transfer phenomenon. The hot air jet temperatures were 115 and 125 oC respectively and
jet velocities were 12, 15, and 19 ms-1 respectively at the exit point of the nozzle. The surface temperatures of the solid
base plate are used to calculate the heat flux, local heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt numbers. The maximum heat
transfer is found on base plate, whilst the maximum decrease of heat flux is observed on fire retardant fabric. This
experimental model can enhance the understanding and insights of the heat transfer process through permeable fabric.
Keywords: Heat transfer; jet impingement; fire retarding fabric; Nusselt number.

2.20
N atural C onvection Flow and H eat Transfer in an Enclosure
C ontaining Staggered A rrangem ent of B lockages
Draco Iyia and Reaz Hasanb
aDepartment
bDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom

of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University at Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom

A bstract
The work reported in this paper is a numerical study of airflow and heat transfer for low turbulence buoyancy-driven
flow in a rectangular cavity partially filled with solid objects. The two vertical walls were maintained at constant
temperatures giving a temperature differential of 42.2 C resulting in a characteristic Rayleigh number of 1.45109. Two
different types of blockage arrangements were considered for analysis, and these consist of In-line and Staggered
arrangements of 126 and 123 objects. In all cases, steady state flow and wall heat transfer data at the mid-height
and mid-width of the cavity are presented. The flow domain displayed a stable core region and the average core
temperature was found to be strongly influenced by different stacking arrangement of solid objects. In general, the
staggered arrangement resulted in lower heat transfer through the surfaces which is linked with the suppression of
turbulence within the boundary layers close to the surfaces.
Keywords: Low turbulenc, Natural convection, Heat transfer, CFD, Product stacking and arrangement

Page | 45

2.21
Therm al and hydraulic perform ance analysis of rectangular fin
arrays w ith perforation size and num ber
Mehedi Ehteshum, Mohammad Ali, Md. Quamrul Islam, Muhsia Tabassum
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract

Enhancement of heat removal and reduction of fin size become a major concern in designing heat exchanger equipment.
The present paper reports an experimental analysis to investigate the turbulent heat transfer performance of rectangular
fin arrays, both solid and circular perforations along the length of the fins. The size and number of circular perforation
have been varied. Tests have been conducted in a horizontal wind tunnel equipped with forced draft fan. The data are
obtained by varying flow velocities while maintaining constant heat input and taken over a period of time. The Reynolds
number is varied between 6104 through 25104. The heat loss due to radiation and convection is taken into account
during calculation. Thermal performances and effectiveness of perforation and equivalent surface solid fin arrays have
been evaluated and compared. Results show remarkable heat transfer enhancement, lower thermal resistances, pressure
drop and higher efficiencies, effectiveness for perforated fins with increasing number of perforations in addition to the
considerable reduction in weight in comparison with solid fin arrays.
Keywords: Perforated fins; Turbulent flow; Fin effectiveness; Heat transfer; Heat transfer enhancement; Perforation
size; Perforation number;

2.22
A nalysis of H eat Transfer in C hannel Flow Subject to Sine -B um p
H eating
Umera Sarjanaa, M. Zakir Hossainb, AKM Monjur Morsheda
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka.

bDepartment

of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada.

umera.sarjana@gmail.coma zakir92@yahoo.comb mmmsumon@gmail.coma

A bstract
Convection in a channel subject to a distributed sinusoidal bump like heating applied at the lower wall has been studied.
It is found that small wave number heating provides large plumes whereas large wave number heating provides a
uniform temperature distribution at the upper part of the channel. Heat transfer is more efficient at low Reynolds
number with small wave number heating.
Keywords: Convection; Heating; Reynolds number; sinusoidal bump;

Page | 46

2.23
Effect of a D C Field on Tem perature D istribution in a Thin FG M
M etal Line Subjected to D istributed Local H eating Sources
Abhishek Kumar Ghosh, Md. Rejaul Haque and S. Reaz Ahmed
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka- 1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
The effect of a direct-current field on the temperature distribution in a thin, non-uniform functionally graded metal line
subjected to distributed local heat sources is investigated. The material properties of the metal line are assumed to vary
over the span following a linear functional relationship. Bump-like heat sources of different profiles are considered to
simulate the condition of distributed local heating of the metal line. The governing differential equations associated
with the electrical and thermal problems are derived in terms of variable thermal and electrical conductivity of the
material. The solution of the coupled boundary-value problem is then obtained using a finite-difference computational
scheme. The temperature distributions in the FGM line are determined for different environmental conditions as a
function of intensity of the DC field.
Keywords: Functionally-graded metal line; distributed heat source; temperature distribution; direct-current field.

2.24
D ean-Taylor Flow w ith C onvective H eat Transfer through a
C oiled D uct w ith Strong C urvature
Rabindra Nath Mondala , Raju Royb and Md. Zohurul Islamb
a
b

Department of Mathematics, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, jessore University of Science and Technology , Jessore-7408, Bangladesh.

A bstract
The present study addresses numerical prediction of Dean-Taylor flow through a coiled rectangular duct of curvature
0.5. Spectral method is used as a basic tool to solve the system of non-linear partial differential equation. The emerging
parameters controlling the flow characteristics are the rotation parameter i.e. , (incorporating Coriolis force), Grashof
number , Prandtl number , aspect ratio , and pressure-driven parameter i.e. Dean number Dn (incorporating
centrifugal force). The flow structures are examined for the effects of rotation parameter and pressure-driven parameter.
We investigated unsteady flow characteristics for two cases of the duct rotation, Case I: Positive rotation and Case II:
Negative rotation. For positive rotation, we investigate the unsteady flow for the Dean numbers Dn = 1000 and 2000
over the Taylor number , and it is found that the chaotic flow turns into steady-state flow through periodic or multiperiodic flows, if Tr is increased in the positive direction. For negative rotation, however, unsteady flow characteristics
are investigated over the Taylor number , and it is found that the unsteady flow undergoes through various flow
instabilities, if Tr is increased in the negative direction. Contours of secondary flow patterns and temperature profiles
are obtained at several values of Tr, and it is found that the unsteady flow consists of two-, three-, four-, five-, six-,
seven- and eight-vortex solutions. Convective heat transfer is also investigated, and it is found that the chaotic flow
enhances heat transfer more significantly than the steady-state or periodic solutions.

Page | 47

2.25
M H D free convection fluid flow through parallel plates with hall
current in a rotating system
Rina Perven, Md. Mahmud Alam
Mathematics Discuipline,Science, Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

A bstract
An attempt has been made to study the influence of inclined magnetic field with hall current of a viscous incompressible
electrically conducting free convection fluid flow through the parallel plates in a rotating system. The channel is rotating
with uniform angular velocity about an axis normal to the plates. For numerical solution, the problems have been
transferred into dimensionless form and then the explicit finite difference technique has been used. The stability
conditions and convergence criteria of the explicit finite difference scheme are established for finding the restriction of
the values of various parameters to get more accuracy. The effects of Rotation parameter R , Hall parameter m ,
Magnetic parameter ( M

and Angle of inclination on primary and secondary velocities have been shown in

graphical representations. Finally the effects of these parameters have been analyzed by the figures of local shear stress
and average current density at the moving plates of channel.
Keywords: Hartmann number; Rotating system; MHD free convection; Inclined magnetic field; Finite difference
technique

2.26
Effects of viscous dissipation on natural convection flow over a
sphere w ith tem perature dependent therm al conductivity in
presence of heat generation
Md. Raihanul Haquea, Md. M. Alama, Mohammad Mokaddes Alib, Rehayet Karimc,
a Department

of Mathematics, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur-1700,Bangladesh

b Department
c Department

of Mathematics, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Tech. University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

of Mathematics, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong-4349, Bangladesh

A bstract
In this paper, the steady two-dimensional laminar incompressible flow over a sphere in the presence of viscous dissipation
and heat generation is considered. Thermal conductivity is assumed as a linear function of temperature. The governing
equations are solved numerically by numerical solution strategy as per requirement and suitability. The obtained self
similar equations are then solved numerically by an implicit, tri-diagonal, finite-difference method with Keller Box
scheme. Favorable comparison with previously published work is performed. Computations are performed for a wide
range of the governing flow parameters such as thermal conductivity variation parameter , heat generation parameter
Q, Prandtl number Pr and Eckert number Ec. The computational findings for the dimensionless velocity, temperature
profiles as well as for the skin-friction coefficient and heat transfer rate are presented in tabular form and graphically.
Keywords: Variable thermal conductivity; Heat generation; Eckert number

Page | 48

Page | 49

3.01
Transient A nalysis of 3-Lobe B earings C onsidering Surface
R oughness Effect For A G as Turbine
Nabarun Biswasa,Prasun Chakrabortib
a*Department

of NIT Agartala,Jirania,Tripura-799046,India

bDepartment

of NIT Agartala,Jirania,Tripura-799046,India

A bstract
The performance of a 3-lobe bearing is investigated by means of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics
analysis. Surface roughness effects were included in the computation of unsteady transient analysis of 3-lobe bearing,
taking into account gravity. Each of the lobes is placed at a distance of 120 degree. In this paper K-Epsilon turbulence
model is used. The 3-lobe bearing is designed in Gambit software, the journal is modeled as a moving wall with an
absolute rotational speed of 6000 rpm. Design parameters like L/D ratio, total pressure distribution, surface roughness
and lubricant flow properties like turbulent viscosity and velocity magnitude are considered for the analysis The flow
is simulated using Ansys Fluent software.
Keywords: 3-lobe; viscosity; pressure; wall shear stress; surface roughness.

3.02
Experim ental investigation on the perform ance of N A C A 4412
aerofoil w ith curved leading edge planform
M. Nazmul Haquea*, Mohammad Alia , Ismat Araa
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

A bstract
Aircraft wings are the lifting surfaces with the chosen aerofoil sections. The efficiency as well as the performance of an
aircraft mostly depends on the aerodynamic characteristics e.g. lift, drag, lift to drag ratio, etc of wings. Besides many
factors, the effects of wing shape are also crucial to aircraft performance. This paper represents the experimental
investigation to explore better aerodynamic performance by incorporating curvature at the leading edge of a wing. A
wooden model with straight leading and trailing edge i.e. rectangular planform and another model with curved leading
edge and straight trailing edge are prepared with NACA 4412 aerofoil in equal length (span) and surface area. Both the
models are tested in a closed circuit wind tunnel at air speed of 85.35 kph (0.07 Mach) i.e. at Reynolds number 1.82 x
105. The static pressure at different angles of attack (-4, 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 & 24) are measured from both
upper and lower surfaces of the wing models through different pressure tapings by using a multi-tube water manometer.
From the static pressure distribution, lift coefficient, drag coefficient and lift to drag ratio of both the models are
analyzed. After analyzing the data, it is found that the curved leading edge wing planform is having higher lift coefficient
and lower drag coefficient than the rectangular wing planform. Thus, the curved leading edge planform is having higher
lift to drag ratio than the rectangular planform.
Keywords: Aerofoil; aerodynamic performance ; coefficient of lift; coefficient of drag; lift to drag ratio; Reynolds
number.

Page | 50

3.03
Experim ental Study of U nsteady Flow in a Shock Tube for
N eedle-Free D rug D elivery
Guang Zhang1, Yun Sung Kim2, Gyu Wan Kim3, Toshiaki Setoguchi4 and Heuy
Dong Kim1,2,3*
1. 2. 3.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Korea

Zhang1@anuis.andong.ac.kr1, kimhd@andong.ac.kr1*
4.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan

setoguci@me.saga-u.ac.jp

A bstract
Recently, the needle-free delivery system has been widely used in medical fields due to its convenience in delivering
drug particles into human body without any external needles. In order to penetrate through the outer layer of the skin,
drug particles need to obtain enough momentum, which is achieved by accelerating drug particles in a Contoured Shock
Tube (CST). The CST consists of a micro shock tube with two diaphragms and an expanded supersonic nozzle. In the
present study, experimental studies were carried out by pressure measurement. Six high sensitive pressure transducers
were used for recording pressure changes as the shock wave moved through different locations along walls in the test
section. From which, data on shock wave propagation could be obtained. Different diaphragm pressure ratios were
conducted to demonstrate effects of initial diaphragm pressure ratios on shock wave propagation. Shilieren visualization
was also performed to observe shock wave propagation and shock wave structure in the present experimental shock
tube model. The characteristic of the internal flow and shock wave system have been studied and analyzed in details
in the present shock tube model.
Keywords: Shock tube, Supersonic nozzle, Needle-free drug delivery, Shock wave propagation, Unsteady flow.

3.04
A n Em pirical M odel for A nnular Flow in G as W ells
Aziz Rahman
Assistant Professor, Department of Process Engineering, St Johns, NL, Canada
E-mail: marahman@mun.ca

A bstract
In annular flow of a natural gas well, liquid may be present in entrained droplets as well as in the film near to the well
wall. A number of models have been proposed over the past 50 years to predict film thickness in pipes with vertical
two-phase annular flow. Earlier models are based on correlations from the limited range of experimental data. The
proposed modified film thickness model developed from a range of experimental data. The experimental data covers
conditions of superficial liquid velocities ranging from 0.610-3 to 0.39 m/s; superficial gas velocities ranging from 13.4
to 110.6 m/s; and diameters ranging from 12 to 51 mm. The proposed model is compared with the available experimental
data in the literature. Model predictions are in good agreement with the available experimental data set. The modified
film thickness model helps to explain the fundamentals of annular flow, which in turn is beneficial to the natural gas
production industry as it further develops the understanding of production mechanics.
Keywords: annular flow; two phase flow; flim thickness; pressure gradeint; entranment; gas well;

Page | 51

3.05
W inglet Type D ielectric B arrier D ischarge P lasm a A ctuators:
P erform ance Characterization and N um erical C om parison
A.N.M. Mominul Islam Mukuta, Hiroshi Mizunumab, Obara Hiromichib and
Takehiko Segawac
aDhaka

University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh

bTokyo

cNational

Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan

Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan

A bstract
Winglet type dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator (PA) with two exposed electrodes have been investigated
experimentally in a quiescent air and numerically modeled. Three arrangement of electrode positions are used: leading
edge type (here after L PA), middle edge type (here after M PA), and trailing edge type (here after T PA) to investigate
the effect of electrode position on induced flow. When the electrodes are located at the leading edge of the winglet PA,
the stream wise flow is effectively enhanced on the covered electrode; on the other hand when the electrodes are located
at the trailing edge, the friction loss is minimized for the near-wall high shear flow over the winglet and thus the highest
momentum integral is obtained for the downstream jet-like flow. As all three type of PAs have two exposed electrodes,
hence two separate jet flows are induced which are unified to a single jet after the winglet trailing edge. The electrode
location also influences the unification velocity at downstream. The longer distance between trailing edge and embedded
electrode reduces the downstream unified velocity. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique has been implemented
to investigate the flow field. Simulation results are found to be consistent and in good agreement with experimental
data.
Keywords: dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator; velocity profile; flow control; PIV; jet; CFD

3.06
U ltra C om pact H eat Exchanger W ith G eom etry Induced W all
Jet
A K M M. Morshed Morshed (Bangladesh), Fazlul Bari (Bangladesh), Aashique
Alam Rezwan Rezwan (Bangladesh)
A bstract:
Heat Exchanger (HX) is common but crucial equipment found in almost every engineering application which comes in
different types, sizes and shapes. Performance of the HX is directly related with the overall system performance.
Compactness of the HX is a good indication of its performance, usually the higher the compactness the higher the
effectiveness. Increasing compactness of the HX by reducing the channel dimension is fairly a simple but highly effective
technique. Although heat exchanger comprising of very small channel can achieve very high heat flux, its pumping
requirement for circulating liquid increases very sharply. The pumping requirement can be reduced by increasing the
number of channels either by vertical or horizontal stacking; the flow velocity through each channel is reduced for the
same total mass flow rate of the liquid. In this study a novel technique called geometry induced wall jet is proposed to
further enhance the performance of this heat exchanger comprising of small channels. The cross-flow from the wall jet
disrupts the boundary layer of the channel flow enhancing the heat removal capacity of the heat exchanger. A CFD
model has been developed using commercially available software package FLUENT to evaluate the overall thermal
performance of this new design heat exchanger. A parametric study of the flow rates and the effect of the jet locations
have been performed. Significant reduction in thermal resistance has been observed for proposed design.
Keywords: Heat Exchanger, Wall Jet, Heat Transfer Enhancemen
Page | 52

3.07
N um erical Study of Sub-N ozzle Flow s for the W eft Transm ission
in an A ir Jet Loom
Jin Hyeon Kim1, Toshiaki Setoguchi2 and Heuy Dong Kim1*
1.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Korea

Kimjh1@anuis.andong.ac.kr1, kimhd@andong.ac.kr1*
2.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan

setoguci@me.saga-u.ac.jp

Corresponding author: Prof. Kim, Heuy Dong (kimhd@andong.ac.kr)

A bstract
The air jet loom is widely applied in the textile industry due to its high productivity, convenient controllability, high
filling insertion rate, low noise and low vibration levels. High-Speed air jet weaves the weft yarn, and transports it
through the weft passage. In the present study, a computational fluid dynamics method is applied to solve the
incompressible NavierStokes equations with one-equation Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. Which is used to solve
the flow filed in a weft passage. The aim of this analysis is to determine the distribution of the flow velocity along the
weft passage. Results revealed the strong relationship between air jet velocity and forces on the weft.
Key words: Air Jet Weft Insertion, Main Nozzle, Sub Nozzle, Air Jet Loom, Profile Reed

3.08
A study on m ultistage centrifugal pum p perform ance
characteristics for variable speed drive system
Rakibuzzamana, Sang-Ho Suha , Kim Kyung-Wuka, Hyung-Ho Kima, Min Tae
Chob, In Sik Yoonb
aDept.of
bDooch

mechanical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 156-743, South Korea

Co., 295 Sagok-ri, Jangan-Myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445-942, South Korea

A bstract
Nowadays centrifugal pumps are being widely used in the commercial, industrial and power plant applications and most
of pumps operated by constant speed drive system. Therefore, pump consumes a huge energy of each nations total
energy. But it could be operated in variable speed drive system which would be provided energy saving. The purpose
of this study is to investigate the pump performance characteristics of the multistage centrifugal pump with the variable
drive system. For this study an experimental set up of the system was constructed to achieve the centrifugal pump
performances such as H-Q, -Q, P-Q curves and operating points which interact between performance and system
curves. In the variable speed drive system, a vector controlled inverter driving (variable voltage variable frequency) was
installed in the experimental system. A numerical investigation also applied for getting the pump performances for the
validation and reliability of the pump design development and also the pressure and velocity effects in internal flows of
the pump are analyzed. For the numerical analysis, the Navier-Stokes equations were discretized by the finite volume
method and two equations transport turbulence (SST) model accounts for three dimensional steady flows. In the
experiment system, we also carried out system head performance of the three pumps in parallel to compare with one
pump system head for its validation. In order to get the energy saving rate using the inverter control variable speed
drive system instead of the constant speed drive system, it is necessary to identify the specific duty cycle of the pump
operation cycle and operating system curve of the pump. Hopefully, this paper will be useful as a guide for identifying
a method of implementing a variable speed drive system with inverter control in the variable flow and pressure system.
Keywords: Multistage centrifugal pump; Variable speed drive system; Inverter; Performance analysis; System curve;
SST turbulence model;

Page | 53

Page | 54

4.01
V elocity and tem perature distributions of lam inar and transition
boundary layer flow s along a heated vertical flat plate
Mohammad Zoynal Abedina,*, Mohammed Moinul Islama, Mashud Ranaa, Jinho
Leeb
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh

bSchool

of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea

A bstract
Time-developing direct numerical simulation (DNS) has been performed for the laminar and transition boundary layer
flows in the natural-convection and mixed-convection with aiding and opposing flows both in air and water along a
heated vertical flat plate. The results reveal that the velocity profile of water in the laminar natural-convection boundary
layer shows lower peak value compared to that in air and the temperature profile in water within the boundary layer
becomes ambient at a shorter distance perpendicular to the heated wall compared to that in air due to the effects of
higher Prandtl number of water. For laminar mixed-convection boundary layer, the velocity profile of water exhibits
lower values throughout the boundary layer compared to that in air. In the case of opposing flows both in air and water,
the velocity profiles show a sharp drop to a constant negative value in the outer boundary layer region. Furthermore,
for transitional natural-convection boundary layer in air, the magnitude of the velocity profile increases with an increase
in Grashof number due to the increasing trend in the boundary layer thickness. It is also found that the predicted heat
transfer rates in the natural-convection boundary layer both in air and water correspond quantitatively well with the
existing observations.
Keywords: Laminar flow; Transitional flow; Boundary layer, Freestream velocity, Prandtl number, Natural convection,
Mixed convection.

4.02
M odified N orrisR eynolds OneEquation M odel
M. M. Rahman1, A. K. M. Sadrul Islam2, M. J. Lampinen1 and T. Siikonen1
1Aalto

University School of Engineering, P.O. Box 14400, FI00076 AALTO, Finland

2Department

of Mechanical & Chemical Engineering,

Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh

1E-mail:

Mizanur.Rahman@aalto.fi

A bstract
A modified version of NorrisReynolds (NR) kequation turbulence model is proposed to account for the distinct effects
of lowReynolds number (LRN) and wall proximity. The turbulent kinetic energy k and the dissipation rate are
evaluated using the ktransport equation in conjunction with the Bradshaw and other empirical relations. The eddy
viscosity formulation maintains the positivity of normal Reynolds stresses and preserves the anisotropic characteristics
of turbulence in the sense that they are sensitized to rotational and nonequilibrium flows. The modified NR (MNR)
model is validated against welldocumented flow cases yielding predictions in good agreement with the direct numerical
simulation (DNS) and experimental data. Comparisons indicate that the MNR model offers some improvement over
the original NR model and competitiveness with the SpalartAllmaras oneequation model.
Keywords: Oneequation model, turbulence anisotropy, twolayer model, nonequilibrium flow.
Page | 55

4.03
U nsteady M H D C asson Fluid Flow through a P arallel P late w ith
H all C urrent
Md. Afikuzzaman, M. Ferdows and Md. Mahmud Alam
Mathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
**Mathematics Department, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
Unsteady MHD Casson fluid flow through a parallel plate with hall current is investigated. The uniform magnetic field
is applied perpendicular to the plates and the fluid motion is subjected to a uniform suction and injection. The lower
plate is stationary and the upper plate is moving. Explicit Finite Difference technique has been used to solve the
momentum and energy equations. The effect of pressure gradient, the Hall parameter and other parameters describing
in the equations are shown graphically. Effect of decaying parameter with different Casson number on primary velocity,
secondary velocity and temperature distributions are illustrated in the form of the graph.
Keywords: MHD; Heat Transfer; Hall Current; Finite Difference Techniques.

4.04
U nsteady M H D viscous incom pressible B ingham fluid flow w ith
hall current
Afroja Parvin*, Tanni Alam Dola** and Md. Mahmud Alam **
*The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
**Department Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology(BUET), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
***Mathematics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

A bstract
An electrically conducting viscous incompressible Bingham fluid bounded by two parallel non-conducting plates has
been investigated in the presence of Hall current. The fluid motion is uniform at the upper plate and the uniform
magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the plate. The lower plate is fixed while upper plate moves with a constant
velocity. The governing equations have been non-dimensionalzed by using usual transformations. The obtained
governing non-linear coupled partial differential equations have been solved by using explicit finite difference technique.
The numerical solutions are obtained for momentum and energy equations. The influence of various interesting
parameters on the flow has been analyzed and discussed through graph in details. The values of Local Nusselt number,
Average Nusselt number, local Skin- Friction, Average Skin- Friction for different physical parameters are also
illustrated in the form of graph.
Keywords: MHD Flow; Hall parameter; Explicit finite difference technique; Stability analysis

Page | 56

4.05
P hysics of supersonic m ixing in parallel and non -parallel stream s
passing over base thickness
Mohammad Ali , TAGMZN Jubery, Sanchita Amin, M Quamrul Islam
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engg. and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
The mixing flow field of two-parallel and non parallel gaseous streams has been studied numerically. The streams are
of air and hydrogen and come into contact after passing over a finite thickness base. The two gas streams are delivered
from a high-pressure reservoir and entering into the domain with atmospheric pressure. The two-dimensional unsteady
Navier-Stokes equations, energy, mass diffusion and species continuity equations are numerically simulated to analyze
the mixing layer in supersonic flow field. An explicit Harten-Yee Non-MUSCL Modified flux-type TVD (total variation
diminishing) scheme is used to solve the system of equations. An algebraic turbulence model is used to calculate the
eddy viscosity coefficient. Keeping constant the inlet pressure and velocity of the streams, the merging angle is varied
to observe the physics of flow fields, mixing of two-streams and mixing efficiency. The results show that the increase of
merging angle causes stronger interactions between two streams, high momentum exchange and eventually enhancement
of mixing between two streams.
Keywords: Supersonic combustor, mixing, shear layers, merging angle;

4.06
N um erical investigation of effect of M ach num ber over backw ard
facing step
Konica Sarker a * , Mohammad Ali b , Quamrul Islam b
a
b

Bangladesh Power Development Board, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
A numerical study has been carried out to investigate the flow field characteristics of a transonic compressible flow over
a flat plate with backward facing step. The study has been performed by solving Two-Dimensional Navier-Stokes
equations. The system of governing equations has been solved, using an explicit Harten-Yee Non- MUSCL Modified
flux type TVD scheme and a zero-equation algebraic turbulence model to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient. The
results presented in this paper are computed for fixed step height, h=7.5 mm and for different Mach numbers, M= 0.8,
1.0 1nd 1.2. The details on pressure, temperature and velocity field, together with recirculation length, expansion shock,
reattached shock, interaction of shock wave are reported. The variations of flow field characteristics due to change of
Mach number are also presented.
Keywords:Mach number; backward step;recirculation;

Page | 57

Page | 58

5.01

Effects of Therm al D iffusion on V iscoelastic Fluid

Flow through a V ertical Flat P late
Sheikh Imamul Hossain and Md. Mahmud Alam1
Mathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

A bstract
Viscoelastic fluid flow through a semi-infinite vertical rigid plate with diffusion-thermo and thermal-diffusion has been
studied. To obtain the non-dimensional, coupled non-linear momentum, energy and concentration equations, the usual
transformations have been used. The obtained non-dimensional equations have been solved by implicit finite difference
technique. The stability and convergence analysis have been analyzed. From the above analysis, parameters restriction
have been obtained to calculate the converge results. The effects of the various parameters entering into the problem
on the velocity, temperature and concentration are shown graphically. Finally, a qualitative comparison with the
published results is shown in tabular form.

Keywords: Viscoelastic fluid, diffusion-thermo, thermal-diffusion, implicit finite difference method;

5.02
A erodynam ic study of FIFA -approved footballs
Firoz Alam, Harun Chowdhury*, Israt Mustary and Bavin Loganathan
School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia

A bstract
The game of football is worlds most viewed, played and loved sport. Due to increasing technological advancements and
demand for performance, the ball manufacturers have been developing new designs progressively since its inception over
100 years ago. A traditional spherical football made of 32 leather panels stitched together in 1970s has become 14
synthetic curved panels thermally bonded without stitches in 2006 and more recently 8 panels thermally bonded in
2010, and again some new designed balls in 2013. Despite being most popular game in the world, no data is available
on aerodynamic properties of recently FIFA approved Adidas Cafusa (thermally bonded 32 panels), Nike Maxim
(stitched 32 panels), Umbro Neo 2 Pro (stitched 14 panels, and Mitre Ultimax (stitched 26 panels) footballs. Hence the
primary objectives of this study are to evaluate aerodynamic performance of these recently introduced balls and compare
their aerodynamic properties. The aerodynamic forces and moments are measured experimentally for a range of wind
speeds in wind tunnel. A field trial using professional players has also been undertaken. The aerodynamic forces and
their non-dimensional coefficients were determined and compared. The players perception was also discussed.
Keywords: football; FIFA; drag; wind tunnel; field trial; flow visualisation.

Page | 59

5.03
B io-inspired design: aerodynam ics of boxfish
Andrei Kozlov, Harun Chowdhury*, Israt Mustary and Bavin Loganathan and
Firoz Alam
School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia

A bstract
This paper investigates the aerodynamic behavior of a boxfish using both experimental and computational methods. A
scaled up model boxfish was manufactured and tested in RMIT Industrial Wind Tunnel under a range of Reynolds
numbers and yaw angles. The drag, lift and side forces and their corresponding moments were measured simultaneously.
A CAD model of the boxfish was used in CFX FLUENT Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling. The CFD
modeling data were validated using the experimental findings. The results indicate that the drag coefficient of a boxfish
is around 0.10 which is significantly lower than current drag coefficient of a passenger car. Hence, a boxfish shape can
be adapted for achieving low drag and energy efficient motor vehicle design.
Keywords:0020 Passenger car; aerodynamic drag; box fish; wind tunnel; yaw angle; CFD.

5.04
N um erical investigation on the delay of bo undary layer
separation by suction for N A C A 4412
R. Azima , M. M. Hasana and Mohammad Alib
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET),Dhaka-1000.

bProfessor,Department

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET),Dhaka-1000.

A bstract
Transition flow over airfoils at the higher angle of attack shows a lot of unsteady phenomena such as local separation
regions, boundary layer transition, turbulence and shock boundary layer interaction. These phenomena are associated
with high energy loss and adversely effects the aerodynamic loads in the form of lift loss and drag increase. Controlling
the flow through separation delay by suction at different slots, by flaps, by introducing bumps and sophisticated high
lifting devices can mitigate the aerodynamic losses. This paper focuses on the delay of boundary layer separation of 2D
NACA 4412 by suction using CFD analysis. Picking out the right suction position augments the aerodynamic
performance. So a slot with a width of 2% of the chord length is placed at five different locations starting from 48% to
70% of the chord length. The main part of the paper is related to the selection of a suction position and outcome of
different suction pressures at a definite slot. Suction with the lower pressure at a definite position moves the separation
of boundary layer in the vicinity of trailing edge of the airfoil most. By suing suction at suction pressure 65kPa on 68%
of the chord length of the airfoil with a constant angle 20 with the upper surface of the airfoil, AOA=130 and M=0.6,
it is possible to move the transition to turbulent flow about 91% of the chord length of the airfoil near the trailing edge
where it is found at 43% of the chord length of the airfoil without suction. So the laminar region is extended and the
lift increases. Along with this, at low angle of attack, the lift to drag ratio after suction increases about 2.24 times
compared to that of without suction.
Keywords: Flow control ; Laminar flow ; Turbulent flow ; Lift and drag force ; Boundary layer separation ; Pressure
co-efficient

Page | 60

5.05
Stability of disturbance w aves in developing shear flow s: A review
of adhoc m ethods
P. K. Sen, S. Hegde and A. R. Paul
Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology,
New Delhi 110-016, India.

A bstract
This paper attempts to induce some formalism in the study of stability of developing shear flows, by use of so called
`ad-hoc' methods wherein all terms upto and inclusive of a particular order are lumped together in the same equation.
The classical example of stability of a developing shear flow is the stability problem of boundary-layer flow over a flatplate including the non-parallel effects. Other examples are free shear flows; also, problems involving flow over alternate
rigid and porous panels with suction, or suction from one plate and injection from the opposite plate. The quick method
for stability analysis is to use the local Orr-Sommerfeld solution, using the quasi-parallel approximation. This is
sometimes augmented by inclusion of some non-parallel terms, perhaps in an ad-hoc manner, and so called `improved
solutions' are obtained. The present paper attempts to establish a formal framework for these methods so that these
methods are no more termed `ad-hoc'.

5.06
Stability of flow past alternate rigid and porous panels in
B oundary layer flow and in channel flow
R. Paula, P. K. Sena and S. Hegdea
aDepartment

of Applied Mechanics, IIT Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.

A bstract
Propagation of two-dimensional small amplitude Tollmien-Schlichting(TS) waves has been investigated over a rigid
panel followed by a porous panel in the presence of cross-flow. In the present work two problems have been solved, viz.,
(i) boundary layer flow over alternate rigid-porous panels in which suction is applied through the porous panel; and (ii)
flow past an alternate rigid porous channel in which cross flow is applied through the porous panel. Thus in case of the
channel, there is injection through one wall and there is equal suction through the other wall.
Detailed two-dimensional analyses have been done for the disturbance waves using both the quasi-parallel (QP)
approximation, and more accurately, using the non-parallel (NP) approach. The non-parallel approach has been carried
out over the developing mean-flow region of the porous panel, following the rigid-porous junction.
Numerical solutions have been obtained by finite difference procedures. In some of the cases results have been validated
with the available literature. Finally, the jumps in the amplitude of the disturbance waves across the rigid-porous
junction were calculated using the theory of Sen et al. (JFM 2009).
The important outcome from this work is in optimizing the length of the porous panel, following the rigid-porous
junction. It is seen that, as compared to the length required to approach the asymptotic mean flow state to within 99%,
only a very short porous panel length is sufficient to stabilize the disturbances.
Hence, it is foreseen that alternate long rigid panels, with in-between short porous panels, could be a very effective way
of stabilizing the disturbances, and thus delaying laminar to turbulent transition.
Keywords: Tollmien-Schlichting(TS); quasi-parallel; non-parallel; amplitude jump

Page | 61

5.07
Stability of w eak confined wake behind a cylinder in fully
developed turbulent channel flow
T Vijaya Kumar, P.K. Sen, S.V Veeravalli and Munendra Kumar
A bstract
The motivation for study of instability of turbulent wake flow in a confined turbulent channel was multifold. First,
instability of wake flows has not been studied much. Second, confined wakes are found to retain their mean velocity
profile for a considerable downstream distance, which is also found to be so in the present study. Third, wakes have
two points of inflection, one each on either side of the centre line. The basic aim of the present study was to investigate
the correlation between the turbulence in the wake region and the inflection points in the wake region using stability
theory. The wake behind a cylinder of diameter d in a turbulent channel with half width h, is a weak confined wake
when d/h = 0.1. This wake is also within a turbulent environment. This is actually the case of study in the present
problem. Experimental results are obtained by introducing organized disturbances in the wake and tracking these
downstream. Theoretical results are obtained by solving the stability equation by numerical methods.

5.08
C om putational Investigation of A erodynam ic H ysteresis for
Transonic Flow over a Supercritical A irfoil
M. Rizwanur Rahman, A.B.M. Toufique Hasan*, and M. Itmam Labib
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
* toufiquehasan@me.buet.ac.bd

A bstract:
This paper numerically investigates the aerodynamic hysteresis for transonic flow over super critical airfoil RAE-2822
of a chord length of 0.61m. In the present study, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) with SpalartAllmaras turbulence model has been applied. The free stream transonic Mach number is kept as 0.729 and the angle of
attack was increased from -5 degree to + 18 degree and then again decreased to -5 degree. The computations are carried
out until fully developed flow is obtained and the fully developed solution obtained at a specific angle of attack is used
as the initial condition for the computations of the next angle of attack. After successive computations, hysteresis loop
is observed in the range of 7 degree to 11 degree. For the same angle of attack in the loop, the ascending branch exhibits
higher lift and drag coefficients but lower unsteadiness while the descending brunch shows lower coefficients of lift and
drag but higher unsteadiness and flow separation with associated strong vortex structure in the wake. The incoming
stream is much attached in the ascending branch compared to that of the descending branch. The hysteresis is closely
related to the laminar boundary layer separation and transitions on airfoil. The memory of the flow is responsible for
this hysteresis.
.

Page | 62

5.09
P assive C ontrol of Shock Oscillation around a B iconvex C ircular
A rc A irfoil in a C hannel
Md. Abdul Hamid and A.B.M. Toufique Hasan*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
*toufiquehasan@me.buet.ac.bd

A bstract
A strong normal shock wave, generated on an airfoil, is responsible not only for limiting the aerodynamic performance
but also for shock induced boundary layer separation. This shock induced boundary layer separation results
aerodynamics instabilities (buffet), high cycle fatigue failure (HCF), nonsynchronous vibration (NSV), flutter and so
on. In the present study, a numerical computation has been performed to control the unsteady shock oscillation over a
12% biconvex circular arc airfoil in a two dimensional channel. Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations with k-
shear stress transport (SST) two equation turbulence model has been applied for computational analysis. To control
the shock oscillation over a biconvex circular arc airfoil (referred as base airfoil), the geometry of the base airfoil has
been modified by incorporating a cavity with two openings on both upper and lower surface of the airfoil. The cavity
has been incorporated in such a manner that the mean position (along chord length) of the cavity is placed where the
RMS of static pressure fluctuation on airfoil surface (for base airfoil) is maximum. The length and depth of the cavities
are kept 10% and 2% of the chord length respectively to avoid the structural failure. The behavior of the shock wave
oscillation has been studied for a particular pressure ratio (defined as the ratio of back pressure to inlet total pressure)
of 0.69. The present study investigates the shock wave characteristics over (a) airfoil with no cavity (base airfoil) (b)
airfoil with cavity with 40% opening (40% of cavity length is open) and (c) airfoil with cavity with 60 % opening. The
results show, incorporating cavities on airfoil surfaces not only affect the flow field but also change its behavior in a
great extent. For pressure ratio 0.69, the flow field becomes steady for airfoil with cavities (both 40% and 60%) while
for base airfoil the flow field was unsteady. The results also show that incorporating a cavity on airfoil surfaces changes
the type of shock wave from normal to shock wave. For base airfoil the maximum shock mach number (M s) varies
ranging from 1.24 to 1.3 while for airfoil with cavities with 40% and 60% opening, M s become 1.24 and 1.23 respectively.

Page | 63

Page | 64

6.01
N atural C onvection H eat Transfer In A n A rch Enclosure Filled
W ith A N anofluid
Manoj Kr. Trivenia, Dipak Senb, RajSekhar Panuaa,b
National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura-799046, India

A bstract

This paper provides a numerical analysis of laminar natural convection in an arch enclosure filled with Al2O3-water
based nanofluid with different volume fractions. The heat transfer surfaces such as side walls of the enclosure are
maintained at constant temperatures while the bottom and curve walls are kept adiabatic. Two-dimensional steadystate governing equations along with the Boussinesq approximation have been solved using the finite volume method
(FVM). The problem is solved for volume faction () = 0 9%, curvature ratio (CR) = 1 1.5 and Rayleigh number
(Ra) = 1104 to 1106. From the analysis, it is found that the both fluid flow and heat transfer are affected by these
pertinent parameters. The enhancement in heat transfer rate has been observed for a volume fraction up to 5% and
beyond that it starts decreasing as the concentration constantly increasing compared to the base fluid of water. Also,
the heat transfer rate increases with the increase of curvature ratio and Rayleigh number. A good agreement has been
found between the present work and experimental & numerical results from the literature.
Keywords: Natural convection; arch enclosure; nanofluid; curvature ratio; Nusselt number

6.02
A nalysis of H eat Transfer and Entropy G eneration of TiO 2 -W ater
N anofluid Flow in a P ipe under Transitio n
Goutam Saha and Manosh C. Paul*
Systems, Power and Energy Research Division, School of Engineering,
University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK

A bstract
Single and multi-phase numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the heat transfer and entropy generation
behaviour of transitional flow of TiO2H2O nanofluid in a circular pipe. Results reveal that the small diameter of
nanoparticles has the highest heat transfer rate for = 6% and the TiO2-water nanofluid shows higher heat transfer
rate using multi-phase model compared to that of the single phase model. Also no optimal Reynolds has been observed
which could minimise the total entropy generation. New correlations are proposed to calculate the average Nusselt
number using a nonlinear regression analysis with a standard deviation of error of less than 0.5%.
Keywords: Nanofluid; heat transfer; entropy generation; single phase model; multi-phase model;

Page | 65

6.03
C ooling perform ance investigation of electronic's coolin g system
using A l 2 O 3 -H 2 O nanofluid
M.R. Sohel (Malaysia), R. Saidur (Malaysia), S.S. Khaleduzzaman (Malaysia)
A bstract
The nanofluid as a coolant is an innovative idea applied to the electronic device cooling system. In this study, the
thermal performances of a minichannel heat sink are experimentally investigated for cooling of electronics using
nanofluid coolant instead of conventional coolant. The Al2O3-H2O nanofluid including the volume fraction ranging
from 0.05 vol.% to 0.2 vol.% was used as a coolant. The effects of different flow rates of the coolant on the overall
thermal performances are also investigated. The flow rate was ranged from 0.50 L/min to 1.25 L/min. The coolant was
passed through a custom made copper minichannel heat sink consisting of the channel height of 0.8 mm and the channel
width of 0.5 mm. The experimental results showed the higher improvement of the cooling performances using nanofluid
instead of pure distilled water. The heat transfer coefficient was successfully amended. Also the nanofluid significantly
lowered the heat sink base temperature compared to the distilled water.
Keywords:heat transfer, nanofluid, entropy, minichannel, heat sink.

6.04
N atural C onvection Flow of C u -H 2 O N anofluid along a V ertical
W avy Surface w ith U niform H eat Flux
Farjana Habibaa, Md.Mamun Mollab, M.A. Hakim Khanc
aDepartment

of Natural Science, Stamford University Bangladesh, Siddeswari Road, Dhaka-1217, Bangladesh

bDepartment
cDepartment

of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

of Mathematics, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology(BUET), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
A numerical study on natural convection flow of Cu-Water nanofluid along a vertical wavy surface with uniform heat
flux has been carried out. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into parabolic partial differential
equations by applying a suitable set of variables. The resulting nonlinear system of equations are then mapped into a
regular rectangular computational domain and solved numerically by using an implicit finite difference method.
Numerical results are thoroughly discussed in terms of velocity and temperature distributions, surface temperature
distribution, skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number coefficient for selected key parameters such as solid volume
fraction of nanofluid ( ) and amplitude ( ) of surface waviness. In addition, velocity vectors, streamlines and isotherms
are plotted to visualize momentum and thermal flow pattern within the boundary layer region.
Keywords: Natural convection; Nanofluid; Uniform heat flux; Vertical wavy Surface; Finite difference method

Page | 66

6.05
Effect of tilt angle on pure m ixed convection flow in trapezoidal
cavities filled w ith w ater -A l2O3 nanofluid
Mahmudul Hasan Hasib , Md. Saddam Hossen, Sumon Saha
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
A numerical study is carried out to investigate the effect of tilt angle of the cavity on mixed convection heat transfer
inside two different lid-driven trapezoidal cavities; one having heated wall on short base and another having heated
wall on long base. In this investigation, the top wall is maintained at isothermal cold temperature, which is moving in
its own plane at a constant speed while a constant high temperature is provided at the bottom surface of the cavity.
The cavity is assumed to be filled with water-Al2O3 nanofluid. The governing NavierStokes and thermal energy
equations and boundary conditions are non-dimensionalised and are solved using Galerkin finite element method.
Attention is paid in the present study on the pure mixed convection regime at Richardson number, Ri = 1 where the
natural and the forced convection are equally dominated. Parametric investigations are carried out by taking base wall
tilt angle from 0o to 45o with a step of 15o and also varying Reynolds numbers from 0.1 to a maximum order of 104
with the corresponding Grashof numbers varying from 0.01 to a maximum order of 108 for Ri = 1. Simulations are
carried out by considering both plain fluid (water) and nanofluid with 10% solid-volume fraction of nanoparticles. Flow
and heat transfer characteristics are explained using streamline and isotherm contours, and the variation of average
Nusselt number of the heated wall and average fluid temperature of the cavity are analysed for different tilt angles.
Keywords:mixed convection; nanofluid; Richardson number; trapezoidal cavity; Nusselt number.

6.06
Enhancem ent of H eat Transfer P erform ance in N uclear Fuel R od
B undles using N anofluids and Surface R oughness Technique
Kang Liu1, Titan C. Paul1, Leo A. Carrilho1,2, Jamil A. Khan1,*
1Department
2Currently

of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA

affiliated with Westinghouse Electric Company, 5801 Bluff Road, Hopkins, SC 29061, USA

A bstract
The experimental investigations were carried out of a pressurized water nuclear reactor (PWR) with enhanced surface
using different concentration (0.5 and 2.0 vol%) of ZnO/DI-water based nanofluids as a coolant. There were two
simulated nuclear fuel rods with two different types of modified outer surface roughness. The fuel rod surfaces modified
were termed as two-dimensional surface roughness (square transverse ribbed surface) and three-dimensional surface
roughness (diamond shaped blocks). The experimental setup consisted of a flow loop with a nuclear fuel rod section
that was heated by electrical current. The variation in temperature of nuclear fuel rod was measured along the length
of a specified section. Heat transfer coefficient was calculated by measuring heat flux and temperature differences
between surface and bulk fluid. The experimental results were compared with the coolant as a DI-water data. The
maximum heat transfer coefficient enhancement achieved compared to DI-water was 33% at = 1.15 105 for fuel
rod with three-dimensional surface roughness using 2.0 vol% nanofluids.
Keywords: Nanofluids; Fuel Rod; Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR); Three Dimensional Surface Roughness;
Convective Heat transfer Coefficient; Reynolds Number.

Page | 67

6.07
M H D C onvective Stagnation Flow of N anofluid over a Shrinking
Surface w ith Therm al R adiation, H eat G eneration and C hem ical
R eaction
Mohammad Wahiduzzamana,*, Md. Shakhaoath Khanb and Ifsana Karimb
aMathematics Discipline,

Science Engineering and Technology School,Khulna University, Khulna-9208, BANGLADESH bDepartment of Chemical
Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, AUSTRALIA.

A bstract
The present study numerically investigates the phenomena of the steady two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)
stagnation-point and heat-mass transfer flow of a nanofluid past a shrinking sheet with the influence of thermal
radiation, heat generation and chemical reaction. The effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are well-thoughtout instantaneously. A similarity solution is presented which depends on the magnetic parameter (M) , Grashof number
(Gr ) , modified Grashof number (Gm ) , heat generation parameter (Q) , radiation parameter(R), Brownian motion
number(Nb ) , thermophoresis number (Nt ) , Prandtl number(Pr ) , Lewis number (Le), Chemical reaction parameter
()and the ratio of the rate constants of the shrinking velocity to the free stream velocity (). A shooting technique is
employed to solve this similarity model numerically. The results of the present analysis is going to observe the velocity,
temperature, concentration, the wall shear stress, the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number at the different
situation and dependency of different parameters. A comparative study is also being shown between the previously
published results and the present results for the accuracy and interesting findings of the present research.
Keywords: Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation-point flow, Heat transfer, Nanofluid, Shrinking sheet.

6.08
V iscosity m easurem ent of m ethanol based SiO 2 nanofluids
R.M. Mostafizura, R. Saidura, A.R. Abdul Azizb, M.H.U. Bhuiyana
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

bDepartment

of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

A bstract
This work studied about the viscosity of methanol based nanofluids with SiO 2 nanoparticles at various volume fractions
and temperatures in order to investigate the enhancement in heat transfer. SiO2 nanoparticles of 5~15nm sizes are
suspended into methanol base fluid at four different concentrations which are 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 vol% and the
nanofluids preparation were completed through sonication using ultrasonic homogenizer. The viscosity of prepared
nanofluids was measured by LVDV III ultra-programmable viscometer at four different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 C).
The measurement uncertainty is about 2.98% for pure methanol. The results show that, the viscosity increased with
increasing volume concentration while the viscosity decreased with increasing temperature and increases is observed to
be 11.3% over the basefluid at 0.15 vol% and 20 C. Therefore, this study reveals that the viscosity enhancement
depends on both volume fraction and temperature.
Keywords: Nanofluid; Volume concentration; Viscosity; Temperature

Page | 68

6.09
Stability of A l2O3 -w ater N anofluid for Electronics C ooling
System
S.S. Khaleduzzamana, M.R. Sohela, R. Saidura,b J. Selvarajb
aDepartment
bUM

of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R & D, University of Malaya, 59990 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

A bstract
For stability of nanofluid need to study, before going to passed it through the electronic device. Because need to more
stability of nanofluid and avoid the sedimentation and clogging substance of nanofluid. Stability effect on rectangular
shape minichannel heat sink is experimentally investigated for electronics cooling using nanofluids as coolants instead
of water. Al2O3-water nanofluids with 0.10 to 0.25 vol. % of nanoparticle was used as coolants. From experiment result,
final particle cluster size, microstructure, zeta potential, sedimentation, Transmission Electron microscope and photo
capture method analyze for stability purpose. Shown the 0.10 vol. % was better performance on electronic cooling
system respect of stability.
Keywords: Stability; Minichannel; Nanofluid

6.10
C onvective perform ance of 0.1 % volum e fraction of TiO 2 /w ater
nanofluid in an electronic heat sink
S.S. Khaleduzzamana, M.R. Sohela, R. Saidura,b J. Selvarajb
aDepartment
bUM

of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R & D, University of Malaya, 59990 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

A bstract
Heat dissipation is critical issue in modern electronic component due to rise heat flux and decrease the feature size. This
present work TiO2/water nanofluids of only one volume fraction 0.1% are prepare by dispersing the nanoparticle in
distil water. Fluid pass through a thin channelled copper water block of overall dimension (949420) mm with flow
rate of 1.0, 1.25, 1.50 l/min used for the analysis. The base temperature of water block was minimum for nanofluid
compare with water. The heat transfer coefficient found maximum improved 18.91 % compare with water.
Keywords: Nanofluid, water block, heat transfer coefficient

Page | 69

6.11
N atural C onvection and Entropy G eneration in a N anofluid Filled Sem i-C ircular Enclosure w ith H eat Flux Source
Ali Al-Zamilya, M. Ruhul Aminb
aDepartment
bDeptarment

of Mechanical Engineering, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq

of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Monatna State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA

A bstract
The effect of present of nanoparticles on natural convection and entropy generation in a semi-circular enclosure with
present heat flux is investigated numerically in the present work. The enclosure is filled with nanofluids (Cu-water).
The heat flux is supplied partly in the center of the base wall, and the other parts of base wall of the enclosure are
assumed adiabatic. The center of the circular arc (-45+45) is assumed at constant cold temperature and the other
parts of the circular arc are adiabatic. Finite element method based on the variational formulation is employed to solve
momentum and energy as well as post-processing streamfunctions. The results are based on visualization of isotherms,
streamfunction and entropy generation. Comparison with previously published work is performed and the results are
found to be in a good agreement. The influence of pertinent parameters such as Rayleigh number (104 Ra107) and
solid volume fraction of nanoparticles (00.15 step 0.05) on the flow, temperature, and entropy generation are
examined in the present paper. The results show that the heat transfer rate increases with an increase of the Rayleigh
number and the nanoparticles volume fraction. The system irreversibility increases as nanoparticles fraction increase.
Keywords: Nanofluid; Natural Convection; Entropy Generation.

6.12
Therm ophysical properties of A lum inium oxide -w ater nanofluid:
A review
Shafi Noor (Bangladesh), M. Monjurul Ehsan (Bangladesh), A.K.M. Sadrul
Islam (Bangladesh)
A bstract
Heat transfer enhancement using nanofluid has been an active area of research over the past few years and these studies
were carried out numerically and experimentally in both laminar and turbulent flow. However this enhancement is due
to change in the thermophysical properties of nanofluid. Despite of presence of numerous studies on the properties of
nanofluid in the literature, it has been observed that there are disproportionateness among the experimental results and
the empirical correlation proposed by different researchers. A small change in the properties can affect greatly the
results of heat transfer rate in case of numerical study considering a single phase flow. Therefore the present study
summarizes recent researches carried out for thermophysical properties such as density, specific heat, thermal
conductivity and viscosity of Al2O3-water nanofluid which involve the corresponding effect of temperature, volume
fraction and diameter on the properties as well.
Keywords: nanofluid, aluminium oxide, thermophysical propertiy, viscosity, thermal conductivity, volume fraction

Page | 70

6.13
Experim ental investigation on the therm al conductivity of ZnO W ater nanofluid w ith SD S (surfactant
I.M. Shahrul (Malaysia), R. Saidur (Malaysia), N.D. Azema (Malaysia), I.M.
Mahbubul (Malaysia)
A bstract
Nowadays, improving the efficiency of thermal equipment and system with reducing emission of heat is one of the
scientific challenges in this modern globe. Nanofluid is a new engineering medium in which nanoparticles (with diameter
of less than 100nm) dispersed in a base fluid. Thermal conductivity is the key thermophysical properties of the fluids
for which fluids are used as a medium of thermal transport. In this paper, original investigation has done on the stability
and thermal conductivity of ZnO-DW (ZnO nanoparticles dispersed in distilled water) nanofluid with SDS (Sodium
Dodecyl Sulfate) as surfactant. The nanofluids were prepared by the two step method using an ultrasonic homogenizer
machine. Stability of the nanofluids has been checked by photo capturing method and zeta sizer machine. Thermal
conductivity have been measured at different volume concentrations (i.e. 0.02 to 0.1 vol.%) of ZnO in DW and various
temperature ranges (i.e. from 10 C to 50 C). It is found that, stability and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids
were increased for adding SDS compared to without surfactants. Beside this, the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids
increases with the increase of volume concentration of ZnO nanoparticles and temperature. Compared to DW, the
highest improvement in thermal conductivity of the nanofluids with SDS has found approximately from 7 to 35% for
volume concentration changed from 0.02 to 0.1% at 50 C. In addition, the lowest increment was found approximately
5% for 0.02 vol% of nanoparticles at the temperature of 10 C. Therefore, the improvement in stability and thermal
conductivity of the nanofluids will have great opportunity to improve the performance of the thermal equipment and
systems.
Keywords: Nanofluid, Thermal Conductivity, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, ZnO-water

6.14
Effects of C ircular R iblets R ough M icrochannel on Friction and
Fluid Flow using LB M
M.A.Tahera, L.K.Sahab, Y.W Leea
aDeparment

of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.

bDeparment

of Applied Mathematics, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

A bstract
Simulation of fluid flow and friction in a circular shaped ribbed microchannel using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
(LBM) has been studied in the present paper. In micro-flows, the local density variation is still relatively small, but the
total density changes, therefore, in order to account this density variation and its effect on the kinematic viscosity , a
new relaxation time is used. The roughness geometry is modeled as a series of circular riblets with a relative roughness
() height up to a maximum 10% of the channel height. To analyze the roughness effects, the friction coefficients in
terms of Poiseuille number, Pn, has been discussed. Actually, the friction factor properties of riblets, depending on the
particular geometry, are analyzed in the slip flow regime at Knudsen number, Kn, ranging from 0.01 to 0.10 with other
controlling parameters. The velocity profiles in terms streamlines near the riblets are demonstrated to be responsible
for the roughness effect. Finally the results have been compared with previous published works and it is found to be in
good agreement.
Keywords: Lattice-Boltzmann, Friction factor, Knudsen number, Reynolds number, Surface Roughness;
Page | 71

6.15
Effect of nanoparticles concentration and their sizes on surface
tension of nanofluids
M.H.U. Bhuiyana, R. Saidura,b, M.A. Amalinaa, R.M. Mostafizura, AKMS Islamc
a Department

of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
b Nanocombicat,

NANOCAT, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh.

A bstract
Nanofluids, a colloidal mixture consisting of nano-sized particles dispersed in a fluid medium with amended thermophysical properties play a critical role in the heat transfer performance of a thermal system. Surface tension is the
surface energy per unit area or the force per unit length dominates the transportation of the liquid and shows a
significant role in heat transfer. However, a few numbers of studies demonstrated about the effect of surface tension of
nanofluids. Thus, the present experimental study investigates the effect of nanoparticles concentration as well as the
influence of variation of nanoparticles along with their sizes. The nanofluids are prepared by dispersing Al 2O3(13nm
and 50 nm),TiO2 (21nm) and SiO2 (5~15nm and 10~20nm) nanoparticles in Distilled Water (DW).The traditional DuNoy ring method was used to measure the value of the surface tension of nanofluids by an automatic surface
tensiometer (DCAT 11EC). The results show that the surface tension of the nanofluids increases with increase in
concentration and nanoparticle sizes. Besides,TiO2-DW nanofluids exhibit higher surface tension than Al2O3-DW and
SiO2-DW nanofluids respectively. All in all, the results indicate surface tension of the nanofluids enhances from 2.62 %
to 4.82% in comparison with the base fluids for concentration variation of 0.05 Vol % to 0.25 Vol % at 25 C.
Keywords: Nanofluid; Volume concentration; Viscosity; Temperature.

6.16
A nalysis of M H D Jeffery-H am el Flow w ith N anoparticle by
H erm ite- P ad A pproxim ation
Md. S. Alama* , M.A.H. Khanb
aDepartment
bDepartment

of Mathematics, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

of Mathematics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
The combined effects of nanoparticle and magnetic field on the nonlinear Jeffery-Hamel flow are analyzed in the present
study. The basic governing equations are solved into series solution using a semi-numerical analytical technique called
Hermite- Pad approximation. The velocity profiles are presented in divergent channel for various values of nanoparticle
solid volume fraction, Hartmann number, Reynolds number and channel angle. The dominating singularity behavior of
the problem is analysed numerically and graphically. The critical relationship between the parameters is studied to
observe the instability of the problems for nanofluid.The relationship between the velocity profiles and the parameters
of the flow with the effect of nanoparticle solid volume fraction and Hartmann number are also performed qualitatively.
Keywords: Jeffery-Hamel flow; magnetohydrodynamic; nanofluid; dominating singularity; Hermite- Pad approximation.

Page | 72

6.17
M ixed C onvection H eat Transfer inside a Square C avity Filled
w ith C u-w ater N anofluid
Mohammad Nasim Hasan , Khondokar Samiuzzaman, S. Hayatul Haque, Sumon
Saha, Md. Quamrul Islam
Department of Mechanocal Engineering, Bangladeah University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladeah

A bstract
In the present study, mixed convection heat transfer inside a square cavity filled with Cu-water nanofluid has been
investigated numerically. The bottom wall of the cavity is maintained at a constant high temperature while the vertical
sidewalls are assumed to be at a constant low temperature. The top wall of the cavity is insulated and moving at a
constant velocity. Galerkin finite element method has been employed to solve the continuity, momentum and energy
balance equations for the present problem. Analysis of thermal and flow fields inside the cavity has been analysed in
terms of isotherms, streamlines and heatlines for a wide range of the Richardson number and solid volume fraction of
the nanoparticle. Particular attention was paid to the case of pure mixed convection case with the Richardson No being
equal to 1 for various combinations of natural convection and forced convection effects. The heat transfer performance
of the system has been analysed in terms of average Nusselt number over the heated wall for various parameters. The
present study shows that the distribution of streamline, isothermal lines and heatlines are very sensitive to Richardson
number. The present study also shows that larger heat transfer rates can be achieved with nanofluid than the base fluid
for all conditions.
Keywords: Heat transfer; Nanofluid; Mixed Convection; Heatlines

6.18
M olecular dynam ics study of effect of different w etting conditions
on evaporation and rapid boiling of ultra -thin argon layer over
platinum surface
S.M. Shavik , Mohammad Nasim Hasan, A.K.M. Monjur Morshed, M. Quamrul
Islam
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
Molecular dynamics simulations have been conducted to reveal the effect of solid-liquid interfacial wettability on the
boiling phenomena of the thin liquid argon film placed over solid platinum wall. The three phase molecular system is
comprised of solid platinum wall, liquid argon and argon vapor. Initially the three phase system is thermally equilibrated
at 90K and after the attainment of equilibrium the temperature of solid platinum wall is suddenly increased which
resembles ultrafast pulse heating. Two different degree of superheat have been considered to characterize the boiling
phenomena, namely, evaporation for low degree of superheat and rapid or explosive boiling for high degree of superheat
in which temperature of the wall was far above the critical temperature of argon. The solid-liquid interfacial wettability
is varied to observe its effect on boiling and thus simulations are run for hydrophilic, hydrophobic and neutral surfaces.
The simulation results show that surface wettability has a significant role on both cases of boiling phenomena. The
nucleation of bubbles and formation of vapor films occurs more quickly for increased solid-liquid interfacial wettability.
The study shows that hydrophilic surface is the most favorable surface condition for bubble nucleation.
Keywords: Molecular dynamics simulation; Surface wetting; Evaporation; Explosive boiling

Page | 73

Page | 74

7.01
U nsteady Flow through a R otating C urved C hannel w ith
R ectangular C ross-Section
Md. Zohurul Islama,*, Rabindra Nath Mondalb
aDept.

of Mathematics and Statistics, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh
bDepartment

of Mathematics, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

A bstract
A numerical study is presented for the fully developed two-dimensional thermal flow of viscous incompressible fluid
through a rotating curved rectangular duct of constant curvature . In this paper, a spectral-based computational
algorithm is employed as the principal tool for the simulations, while a Chebyshev polynomial, collocation method as
secondary tools. Numerical calculations are carried out over a wide range of the Taylor number and the Dean number
for the Grashof number . The outer wall of the duct is heated while the inner wall is cooled. Unsteady flow structures
are examined for the effects of rotation parameter and pressure-driven parameter, and it is found that the unsteady
flow undergoes in the scenario Chaotic multi-periodic periodic steady-state, if Tr is increased in the positive direction.
Contours of secondary flow patterns, temperature profiles and axial flow distribution are also obtained at several values
of Tr, and it is found that there exist two- and multi-vortex solutions. It is also found that the temperature distribution
is consistent with the secondary and axial vortices, and convective heat transfer is significantly enhanced as the
secondary vortices become stronger.
Keywords: Curved rectangular duct; secondary flow; unsteady solutions; Dean number and time evolution.

7.02
Experim ental Study on Tem perature Separation in V ortex
C ham ber
Shigeru Matsuoa,, Yuhi Matsunob, Yusuke Fukushimab, Mohammad Mamunc,
Tokitada Hashimotoa, Toshiaki Setoguchid, Heuy Dong Kime
aDepartment

of Advanced Technology Fusion, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan

Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan

cDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
dInstitute

eSchool

of Ocean Energy, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan

of Mechanical Engineering, Andong National University, 388 Song Cheon Dong, Andong 760-749, Korea

A bstract
It is known in the previous researches that the swirl flow in circular pipe causes the temperature separation. Recently,
it is shown that the temperature separation occurs in a chamber composed by cylindrical vortex chamber, tangential
pipe, the central rod and discharge collector. In this device, high and low temperature regions occur in a cavity on the
circumference of the chamber and center in vortex chamber, respectively. The highest temperature was observed in the
bottom of the cavity. Therefore, it is expected that this device can be used as a heat source in the engineering field. In
recent researches, the mechanism of temperature separation in the vortex chamber has been investigated experimentally
and numerically by some researchers. However, there are few researches for the effect of configuration and position of
the cavity on the temperature separation. In the present study, the effects of configuration of vortex chamber including
a cavity and cavity position on temperature separation in the vortex chamber were investigated experimentally.
Keywords: Vortex chamber ; temperature separation ; cavity flow ; compressible flow ; oscillation.

Page | 75

7.03
D esign and Optim ization of C om pact H eat Exchangers to be
R etrofitted into a V ehicle for H eat R ecovery from a D iesel
Engine
S Bari, S N Hossain
Barbara Hardy Institute, School of Engineering, University of South Australia,
Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia.

A bstract
Higher depletion rate and increasing price of fossil fuels have motivated many researchers to harness energy from the
waste heat from internal combustion engines, and thus improve the overall efficiency. Among the waste heat recovery
methods, the bottoming Rankine cycle is the most promising. In this technique, the recovered heat is used to produce
additional power using turbine. In order to maximise the additional power production, an effective heat exchanger
design is necessary. The main focus of the current research was to design heat exchangers which needed to be pancakeshaped to be retrofitted into a vehicle. The heat exchanges chosen were shell and U-tube type. CFD simulations were
carried out to optimize the design of the heat exchangers and calculate the additional power that could be achievable
by using this optimized pancake-shaped heat exchangers.
Keywords: Engine, heat recovery, heat exchanger, CFD

7.04
Sim ulation of im provem ents to in -cylinder m ixing of biodiesel
w ith air by incorporating guide vanes into the air intake system
S. Bari*, P. J. G. Johansen, A. J. T. Alherz
Barbara Hardy Institute, School of Engineering, University of South Australia,
Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia.

A bstract
Engine manufacturers and consumers around the world are concerned for the fuel efficiency and ecological footprint of
their engines, and this concern has motivated increased production and usage of alternative fuels. Biodiesel is renewable
and behaves similarly to diesel in an engine. Further, the emission of carbon dioxide from burning biodiesel in engines
is offset by the consumption of carbon dioxide by the plant producing biodiesel feed stock. Biodiesel does, however,
have an undesirable higher viscosity, larger and heavier molecules which lead to slower atomisation and less mixing
with air, resulting lower combustion efficiency. To mitigate these problems, this paper proposes a guide vane swirl and
tumble device (GVSTD) to be installed within the intake port for the purpose of increasing the turbulence of the air
flow into the cylinder and to aid the atomisation and mixing of the biodiesel molecules with air.
Keywords: Guide vanes; Biodiesel; Compression ignition engine; Air-fuel mixing

Page | 76

7.05
P erform ance Study on Effect of R otating V aneless D iffuser due to
B lade Trim m ing by 10% to its vane leng th of Im peller in a
C entrifugal C om pressor Stage
Seralathan Sivamani (India), Roy Chowdhury D G (India)

A bstract
In the stationary vaneless diffuser, the sidewalls are stationary. A simplest and effective way of reducing the shear losses
on the stationary vaneless diffuser sidewalls, with probable improved efficiency and flow range of low-to-medium specific
speed stages, is the use of a rotating diffuser. In the rotating vaneless diffuser, the dynamic head and the path length
of the flow causing the shear losses are a function of the magnitude and direction of the relative velocity in the diffuser,
which is much smaller and more radial than the absolute velocity. A particular type of rotating vanless diffuser, forced
rotating vaneless diffuser, in which the diffuser rotates at the speed equals that of the impeller, which is created by
blade cutback. Blade cutback involves blade trimming but leaving shroud and hub disk as it is. The extending impeller
disks forms a rotating vaneless diffuser. The experimental investigations by Govardhan et al [1] and Lindner [2] reported
advantages of the rotating vaneless diffuser with the small cutback rate in achieving an additional static pressure
recovery. Recently, Seralathan et al. [3] studied the effect of blade cutback on a centrifugal compressor stage by trimming
the blades by 5% with respect to its vane length. Matching peak efficiency was obtained at design flow coefficient for
BCB05 as well as SVD. This paper is a part of the series of investigations conducted to understand the fluid mechanics
behind this concept. The objective is to study computationally the effect of blade cutback on the flow diffusion along
with the performance characteristics and flow parameters of a centrifugal compressor stage involving rotating vaneless
diffuser. The comparative studies are carried out involving a shrouded impeller having blade cutback by 10% to its
vane length (BCB10) and another shrouded impeller (SVD), both with stationary vaneless diffusers in the downstream.
ANSYS ICEMCFD 13.0 is used for computational domain modeling and grid generation. Unstructured tetrahedral
elements with flat prism shaped cells in the near wall zones are used to obtain a finer resolution in the boundary layer.
Numerical investigations are carried out using ANSYS CFX 13.0. The turbulence was modeled using k- model. Flow
through various diffuser configurations (BCB10 and SVD) are analyzed at design and above design conditions. Results
are presented for efficiency, energy coefficient, static pressure recovery coefficient, stagnation pressure loss coefficient,
absolute velocity, meridional velocity, flow angle, tangential velocity, static pressure and stagnation pressure. The
matching peak efficiency is achieved at design flow coefficient for both SVD and BCB10 and slightly lesser efficiencies
for off-design conditions with above design flow coefficients. The performance characteristics of BCB10 are lesser in
terms of energy coefficient, specific work, as well as static pressure rise. Losses in BCB10 are higher than the SVD which
is also reflected with higher stagnation pressure loss coefficient. This shows that the larger cutback have a detrimental
effect on the performances with increased losses and reduced static pressure rise which is due to the adverse effect
caused by the change in blade tip geometry at exit. References [1] Govardhan, M., Moorthy, B.S.N., Gopalakrishnan,
G., 1978, A Preliminary Report on the Rotating Vaneless Diffuser for a Centrifugal Impeller. Proceedings of the First
International Conference on Centrifugal Compressor, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India. [2] Linder, P., 1983,
Aerodynamic Tests on Centrifugal Process Compressors Influence of Diffuser Diameter Ratio, Axial Stage Pitch and
Impeller Cutback. ASME Journal of Engineering for Power, Vol. 105, pp. 910 919. [3] Seralathan, S., Roy Chowdhury,
D.G., 2013, Computational Study on the Effect of Blade Cutback on the Performance of the Centrifugal Compressor,
Procedia Technology, Vol. 10, pp. 400-408.
Keywords: centrifugal impeller, extended shroud, blade cutback, rotating vaneless diffuser, stationary vaneless diffuser

Page | 77

7.06
M odeling the Energy Extraction from In -stream W ater by M ulti
Stage B lade System of C ross Flow M icro H ydro Turbine
Shahidul, M. I, Syed Tarmizi,S.S, Abdullah Yassin, Al Khalid Othman, Hushairi
Zen, Ting Ching Hung, and Lee Man Djun
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.Malaysia

A bstract
This paper aims to present energy extraction behavior of multi stage Micro Hydro Turbine (MHT), particularly when
it operates in a low velocity In-Stream water body. Development a MHT with multi stage blade (runner) for water
velocity ranges from 0.5 m/s to 1.0 m/s is the novelty of this research. Findings of literature review on MHT and
simulation results of ANSYS CFD software are the basis of designing this research project. The vital parameters involved
in designing the turbine were blade area, blade stage, blades position against water flow direction, spacing between
blades, blade materials; and other technical factors associated with turbine operations. The study revealed that the
turbine had started to extract energy at water velocity 0.3 m/s at 35 RPM turbine speed. At water inlet velocity 1.1
m/s, the velocity drop across blade was 25.6% and the energy extraction efficiency was 48.3%. The findings
demonstrated that the energy extraction capacity of turbine blade had been greatly influenced by the blade stages and
water velocity. The study concludes that the developed turbine is useful in low velocity In-stream water body for energy
extraction and would be able to contribute to achieve energy and environmental sustainability.
Keywords: Water Velocity; Energy Extraction; Turbine Speed; Multi Stage; Turbine Performance

7.07
N um erical Study on the Effect of Subcooling in V apour
C om pression R efrigeration System U sing A lternative
R efrigerantse
Ranendra Roy (India), Bijan Kumar Mandal (india)

A bstract
Ozone depletion potential (ODP) and the global warming potential (GWP) play significant roles for selecting alternative
to CFC and HCFC refrigerants. The discovery of ozone depletion properties of CFC and HCFC refrigerants leads to
gradual phase out these refrigerants through Montreal protocol and Kyoto protocol. It has also been decided that the
production and use of these refrigerants will finally be stopped by the end of 2030 throughout the world. So, it is
necessary to find out environment friendly alternative to these refrigerants. Different researchers have suggested few
HFC and HC refrigerants as suitable alternatives to CFC and HCFC refrigerants for the use in refrigeration and air
conditioning industries. So, an attempt has been made to simulate vapour compression refrigeration system with these
environment friendly refrigerants. A software based simulation of vapour compression refrigeration system has been
carried out in this work using R152a, R404A, R507 and R600a as refrigerants. A computational simulation model is
developed using CoolPack software and simulation is carried out for analyzing the performances of the vapour
compression refrigeration system. The condenser temperature is varied from of 25C to 45C and evaporator
temperature is varied from 0C to -20C during the simulation. Effect of compressor isentropic efficiency and degree of
subcooling is also taken into consideration in the present work. The parameters that are computed in this study are
compressor power, coefficient of performance (COP) and mass flow rate of refrigerants. Effect of sub-cooling on these
computed parameters has also been studied. It is observed from the results that refrigerants R152a and R600a give
better performance than other two refrigerants under investigation in all aspects. It is observed that compressor power
Page | 78

is less while refrigerant R152a is used, whereas, that is high for refrigerant R404A. The compressor power for refrigerant
R152a is 26.5% lower than that of refrigerant R404A. Compressor power required for refrigerant R600a is almost similar
to R152a and it is only 6.6% higher than R152a. Refrigerants R152a and R600a give better COP than other two
refrigerants. Refrigerant R152a gives the highest COP among the all. The difference in achieved COP between R152a
and R600a is found to be 1.6%. The mass flow rate of refrigerant is also low when R152a and R600a are used as
refrigerants. Mass flow rate is minimum with refrigerant R600a to get the same cooling effect and it is 3% lower from
that with refrigerant R152a. The investigated parameters are also improved when subcooling is done. It is seen that
when sub-cooling is done, mass flow rate of refrigerant, compressor power and COP of the system are improved.
Keywords: Alternative Refrigerants, R152a, R600a, COP, Sub-cooling, GWP, ODP

7.08
N um erical Sim ulation of H eat Transfer C oe fficient on Turbine
B lade using Interm ittency Factor Equation
Most. Nasrin Akhtera, Mohammad Ali b, Ken-ichi Funazaki
aDepartment
bDepartment

of Mathematics, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh Unversity of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

cDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan

A bstract
This paper deals with the numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer coefficient on a gas turbine blade. The
mathematical model of flow is based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations completed with the
formulation of transition model by using an intermittency transport equation. An intermittency based transition model,
which is critical for invoking transition onset according to Abu-Ghannam and Shaw correlation, is implemented into
the proven Reynolds-Averaged N-S (RANS) solver. The intermittent behavior of the transitional flow is incorporated
into the computation by modifying the eddy viscosity , obtained from a turbulence model. Wilcox [4] low Reynolds
turbulence model is employed to calculate the eddy viscosity and others turbulent quantities. This model is designated
for the prediction of flow transition under the influence of freestream turbulence (FST). The current model is applied
to prediction of a modern high pressure turbine experiment, and detail comparisons of the computational results with
the experimental data are presented. The model has been shown to be capable of predicting the high pressure turbine
flow transition under a variety of Reynolds number and free stream turbulence conditions.
Keywords: Boundary Layer; Bypass Transition; Turbulence model; Numerical Prediction; Intermittency Factor; Heat
transfer; Turbine blade; Eddy viscosity; Freestream turbulence.

Page | 79

Page | 80

8.01
N um erical m odeling of B iom ass co -com bustion w ith pulverized
coal in a sm all scale furnace
Arafat A. Bhuiyan and Jamal Naser

A bstract
Co-combustion of Biomass is a promising greenhouse gases (GHG) abatement technology. This study presents a
numerical modeling of co-combustion of coal and Biomass firing under air and oxy-fuel conditions in a small scale
furnace. Co-firing conditions are varied with the Biomass sharing considering 20%, 40% on mass basis. Level of
confidence is achieved by comparing the model-predicted peak radiative heat flux against the experimental data. Results
are presented comparing the flame temperature distribution, species concentration for different cases. Unburned Carbon
in ash (CIA) is predicted for different cases and reasonable agreement has been obtained. An improved burnout was
observed in oxy-fuel cases. No significant change in CO2 concentrations with the increase of biomass contribution to
the total fuel input proves that biomass is CO2-neutral energy source.
Keywords: Co-combustion, Biomass, Oxy-fuel, Carbon in ash (CIA), Recycled Ratio (RR), Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD).

8.02
M odeling of slagging in industrial furnace: a com prehensive
review
Arafat A. Bhuiyan and Jamal Naser
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology (FSET)
Swinburne University of Technology, VIC-3122, Australia

A bstract
Slagging is a significant phenomenon related to ash handling and discharge in coal based power generation industries.
The slag generally forms at high temperature on radiative refractory lined wall of the boiler. The progression of slagging
arises over an extensive range of flue gas and surface temperatures and is dependent both on the characteristics of the
ash and on the related design and operation conditions of the combustor. Proper understanding of the fundamentals of
slagging is an important step for improvement of furnace design and ash related issues. Literatures review indicates
insufficient progress in experimental as well as numerical context. Modeling may provide detailed investigations
overcoming the limitation in experiment. This paper presents a short overview of the existing models and tools developed
for the prediction of slagging behavior of the fuel ash in combustion applications. This article provides an extensive
review of the fundamental aspects and emerging trends in numerical modeling of slag formation in industrial furnace.
The attempts in modeling published so far are reviewed, grouped and summarized which will guide the researchers to
further investigations.
Keywords: CFD, Coal combustion, Slagging, Fouling, Webber number, Slag thickness, Combustor, Ash handling.

Page | 81

8.03
Study of the effect of C om pression R atio of a V ariable
C om pression R atio D iesel Engine fuelled w ith Jatropha oil blend
w ith diesel
Biswajit De (India), Raj SeKhar Panua (India)

A bstract
Biodiesel have proven to be most promising of various alternate fuels used in diesel engine to reduced exhaust emissions
maintaining the performance characteristics. The emission & performance characteristics are also affected by various
working parameters like compression ratio, injection pressure and injection timing. In the present study optimum
compression ratio for variable compression ratio diesel engine fuelled with Jatropha oil blends with diesel (20%) has
been determined at 203 bars injector opening pressure , 23 CA BTDC injection timing and at 1500 rev/min rated
speed. The test results revealed that compression ratio 19 exhibited better performance and lower emissions compared
to mineral diesel fuel and hence, is considered as optimum compression ratio.
Keywords: Variable compression ratio engine; optimum; blend; emissions; performance;

8.04
Flam eless C ool C om bustion in M ulti-phase C onfiguration
Tanvir Farouk
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA

A bstract
Cool flames are commonly associated with engine-knock phenomenon in spark ignition engines and autoignition in diesel
engines, and results from low temperature partial oxidation of the fuel air mixture that eventually leads to hot flame
ignition. However, the possibility of a cool flame supporting quasi-steady combustion of a fuel droplet has never been
speculated, let alone been experimentally observed. Recent microgravity droplet combustion onboard the International
Space Station (ISS) under the Flame Extinguishment (FLEX) Experiment Program showed anomalous combustion of
n-heptane droplets; high temperature combustion followed by radiative visible extinction and a transition to a second
stage burn characterized by loss of visible flame emission. In the second stage the droplet regression continues eventually
resulting in extinction diameters characteristic of diffusive extinction. Experimental examples of the two stage burning
and extinction characteristics of isolated n-heptane droplets under microgravity conditions are presented and analyzed
numerically. Predictions show that the second stage combustion occurs as a result of chemical kinetics associated with
classical premixed Cool Flame phenomena. In contrast to the kinetic interactions responsible for premixed cool flame
properties, those important to cool flame droplet burning are characteristically associated with the temperature range
between the turnover temperature and the hot ignition. Initiation of and continuing second stage combustion involves
a dynamic balance of heat generation from diffusively controlled chemical reaction and heat loss from radiation and
diffusion. Within the noted temperature range, increasing reaction temperature leads to decreased chemical reaction
rate and vice versa. As a result, changes of heat loss rate are dynamically balanced by heat release from chemical
reaction rate as the droplet continue to burn and regress in size. Factors leading to initiation of the second stage
burning phenomena are also investigated. The chemical kinetics dictating the second stage combustion and extinction
process is also discussed.
Keywords: Droplet Combustion; Multi-stage Combustion; Cool Flames

Page | 82

Page | 83

9.01
N on-Equilibrium C ondensing Flow w ith Sw irl in a Supersonic
N ozzle
Toshiaki Setoguchia, Shigeru Matsuob,, Mohammad Mamunc, Yusuke Fukushimad,
Norimasa Shiomie, Yuhi Matsunod, Heuy Dong Kimf
aInstitute
bDepartment

of Ocean Energy, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan

of Advanced Technology Fusion, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan

cDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan

fSchool

of Mechanical Engineering, Andong National University, 388 Song Cheon Dong, Andong 760-749, Korea

A bstract
Recently, by combining a swirl flow with non-equilibrium condensation phenomena of condensate gas generated in a
supersonic flow, a separating and extracting techniques of condensate gas have been developed. This technique can
reduce the size of the device itself without the use of chemicals, significant benefits. However, for performance of the
separation and extraction and operating principle, there are many unresolved problems and it is necessary to research
further in order to improve the efficiency of the equipment. In the present study, by using a non-equilibrium
condensation phenomenon of moist air occurred in the supersonic flow in the annular nozzle with a swirl, the possibility
of separation of the condensable gas was examined numerically. As a result, with an increase of swirl number, the
condensate occurred in the vicinity of the circumference of the annular nozzle compared with the case of no swirl.
Keywords: Compressible Flow ; non-equilibrium condensation ; supersonic nozzle ; swirl ; simulation

9.02
Effects of baffles on flow distribution in an electrostatic
precipitator (ESP ) of a coal based pow er plant
A.S.M. Sayema, M.M.K. Khana, M.G. Rasula, M.T.O. Amanullahb, N.M.S.
Hassana
aCQUniversity,Rockhampton,Qld-4702,
bDeakin

Australia

University,Melborne,Qld-4702, Australia

A bstract
Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) are the most reliable and industrially used control devices to capture fine particles for
reducing exhaust emission. Its efficiency is 99% or more. However, capturing submicron particles which are hazardous
is still a problem as it involves complex flow phenomena and ESP design limitations. In this study, the effect of baffles
on flow distribution inside the ESP is investigated computationally. Baffles are expected to increase the residence time
of flue gas which helps to collect more particles into the collector plates, and hence increase the collection efficiency of
an ESP. Besides, the placement of a baffle is likely to cause swirling of flue gas and hence sub-micron particles move
towards the collector plate due to eccentric and electrostatic force. Therefore, the effects of position, shape and thickness
of the baffles on collection efficiency which are also important for ESP design are reported in this study. The fluid flow
distribution has been modelled using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fluent and the result and outcome
are presented and discussed. The result shows that baffles have significant influence on fluid flow pattern and the
efficiency of ESP.
Keywords: ESP; Flow distribution; residual time; baffles.

Page | 84

9.03
Therm odynam ic M odeling of B iogas fuelled A utom otive Engines
Abhishek Samanta1, P. C. Roy2,
1Department

of Mechanical Engineering, Budge Budge Institute of Technology, Kolkata 700137, India

2Department

of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India

A bstract
Gaseous fuels are getting more importance than that of the liquid fuel due to its clean burning because of homogeneous
mixture and large flammability limit. Among the many different types of alternative fuels, biogas from anaerobic
digestion of biomass appears to be one of the most promising options. In the present work, a single zone, thermodynamic
model of biogas fuelled engine has been developed based on geometrical property, variation of specific heats of gas
mixture (air-fuel mixture and combustion products) and chemical equilibrium. Heat transfer loss has been calculated
using heat transfer coefficient which is function of pressure, velocity of burned gas, combustion chamber diameter,
temperature, along with crank angle. The results from this model have been successfully validated with the experimental
results. The effect of spark timing on the engine performance has been optimized and performance parameters have
been presented and discussed.
Keywords003A Alternative fuel; Biogas engine;Gas-mixture model; Engine performance.

9.04
P rospect of U nderground C oal G asification in B angladesh
Mojibul Sajjada, Mohammad G. Rasulb
a Researcher,
b Associate

School Of Science and Engineering, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton-4702,Australia

professor, School of Science and Engineering, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton-4702,Australia

A bstract
Main source of energy fuel in Bangladesh is natural gas and day by day it is trimming the proven reserves. There are
provisions of potential renewable energy resources like the solar, wind, tidal etc.; but the initiatives are very slow. Coal
reserves and their prospects could not assure the nation as there are proven coal reserves of about 4,750 Mt (equivalent
to 975 GM3 of gas, which is around 3 times greater than the present gas reserve in Bangladesh). Those coal reserves
are discovered in the North-Western part of Bangladesh at the depth ranging 200-1100 m. The special feature of the
coal seams are found in the same geological formation and thickness is high (on average 38-64m).One of the major
issues, is the minable amount of the resources in conventional mining method. Barapukuria coal mine is under operation
since 2005 and running a 250 MW coal fired power plant. But the mining method is not yet proven as suitable one, due
to jointed layer thick coal seam (51 m) with faulty overburden and wider aquifer zone. The underground mining
environment is hazardous including high temperature, suffocative humidity and releasing of unpredictable carboneus
gases from the coal faces which make the life expectancy of this mine questionable. The geographical position and
climatic conditions of Bangladesh, especially the monsoon rain extends several weeks to months which are major setback
for economic viability of the open striping mining. The policy makers still could not finalize the national coal policy. In
this stage the government is stepping up for construction of coal fired power stations run by imported coal. A group of
skilled and dedicated entrepreneur is seeking the pathways for exploiting unminable coals within a safe engineering
framework and bringing the global Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) projects under the same umbrella. India,
Pakistan, Indonesia, Japan even the Vietnam has already joined the cohort. But why not Bangladesh, though they have
huge amount of coal reserves which are not minable in conventional methods. This paper presents a review on
development of this technology, investigates the geology and formation of the deposits and seeks suitability of the
gasification methods as a sustainable engineering model considering social, environmental & economic issues, which may
be helpful for fore stepping towards unconventional coal extraction activity for combating energy crisis.
K ey w ord s : Hazardous Coal Mining, Subsidence, Aquifar, Underground Coal Gasification. FEM in ABAQUS, CFD
in ANSYS environment.

Page | 85

Page | 86

10.1
Free convection fluid flow in the presence of a m agnetic field w ith
therm ally stratified high porosity m edium
Abdullah Ahmed Foisal and Mahmud Alam
Mathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

A bstract
MHD free convection over an inclined plate in a thermally stratified high porous medium in the presence of a magnetic
field has been studied. The dimensionless momentum and temperature equations have been solved numerically by
explicit finite difference technique with the help of a computer programming language Compaq Visual Fortran 6.6a.
The obtained results of these studies have been discussed for the different values of well known parameters with different
time steps. Also, the stability conditions and convergence criteria of the explicit finite difference scheme has been
analyzed for finding the restriction of the values of various parameters to get more accuracy. The effects of various
governing parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature, local and average shear stress and Nusselt number has been
investigated and presented graphically.
Keywords: MHD flow; free convection; thermal stratification; porous medium

10.2
C FD A nalysis of a R eal P lant Fluidized B ed C om bustor based on
C o-firing
Hemant Kumar*, S.K. Mohapatraa, Ravi Inder Singhb
*Department of Mechanical Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala -147002, India
aDepartment
bDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala-147004, India

of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333031, India

A bstract
In this paper computational analysis of a real plant Bubbling Fluidized Bed (BFB) incinerator has been done, using
FLUENT 6.3, CFD code. Keeping in mind the biomass potential in agricultural state like Punjab, India, various
corporate sectors initiated the use of these renewable energy sources such as rice husk, paddy rejects and sugarcane
baggase etc. in sharing with conventional fuels such as coal. The study has been done at Captive Power Plant (CPP)
of Ambuja Cement Limited, Ropar, Punjab, India. The boiler, with 45TPH capacity, based on Fluidized Bed
Combustion (FBC) system which is a prevalent biomass conversion technology uses coal and biomass (70% coal and
30% biomass) as fuels.
During field study the required data for combustion analysis has been collected with thorough understanding of the
FBC system based on co-firing. In this combustor f-grade coal is being used with a 30% share of biomass in mixed form
which is supplied from four overfeed ports. Standard k two-phase turbulence model has been used to describe the
gassolids flow in the BFB. The analysis of combustion is done by Non-Pre Mixed (NPM) approach in species model.
In this paper temperature contours inside the furnace and mass fractions of O 2 and CO2 have been obtained by CFD
tool. The temperatures along the biomass ports show a higher range due to instantaneous burning of biomass in
suspension in the form of flame. Temperature in the vicinity of bed was found up to 1200K and at the exit of the
furnace was found around 1140K. The O2 concentration was found higher over the bed due to the presence of primary
air used for fluidization, however the CO2 concentration was found more near biomass flame due to instantaneous
combustion.
Keywords: CFD; biomass; Fluidized bed; combustion; co-firing
Page | 87

10.3
Sim ilarity Solution of H eat and M ass Transfer Flow over an
Inclined Stretching Sheet w ith V iscous D issipation and C onstant
H eat Flux in P resence of M agnetic Field
Mohammad Alia,*, Md. Abdul Alimb, Mohammad Shah Alamc
a,cChittagong

University of Engineering & Technology, Department of Mathematics, Chittagong -4349, Bangladesh

bBangladesh

University of Engineering & Technology, Department of Mathematics, Dhaka -1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
The present analysis of this paper is to examine the similarity solution of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) free convection
heat and mass transfer flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting and viscous fluid over an inclined stretching
sheet with viscous dissipation and constant heat flux. So the present work is focused of the impact of the flow parameters
on the velocity, temperature, and concentration are computed, discussed and have been graphically represented in
figures and also the shearing stress, and rate of concentration shown in table 1 for various values of different parameters.
The results presented graphically illustrate that velocity field decrease due to increasing of magnetic parameter, Prandtl
number, Grashof number, and Eckert number whereas negligible increasing effects for Soret number, Schmidt number
and noticeable increasing effect for angle of inclination but there is no effect for modified Grashof number. The
temperature field decreases up to certain interval then increases in the presence of Magnetic parameter and reverse
trend arise for Prandtl number but the temperature field increases for the remaining entering parameters. It is interesting
to note that in a certain interval of , the concentration profile is decreased and then increased but reverse trend arises
in the case of Prandtl number and angle of inclination. By considering the hot plate the numerical results for the skin
friction and the local Sherwood number are compared with the results reported by the other author when the magnetic
field and modified Grashof number are absent. The present results in this paper are in good agreement with the work
of the previous author.
Keywords: MHD; heat and mass transfer; stretching sheet: angle of inclination; viscosity;

10.4
Finite D ifference Solution of the D iffusion Equation and
C alculation of the In terdiffusion C oefficient using the Sauer Freise and H all M ethods in B inary System s
Tanvir Ahmed, Irina V. Belova and Graeme E. Murch
Centre for Mass and Thermal Transport in Engineering Materials, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
University of Newcastle, Callaghan, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia

A bstract
The study of concentration dependent diffusion is important in the field of alloys and semiconductors. It is a key issue
to calculate accurate interdiffusion coefficients using experimentally obtained concentration profiles. The BoltzmannMatano (BM) method is often used for determining diffusion coefficients. But this technique has some shortcomings in
calculating an accurate interdiffusion coefficient. Because of this, the Sauer and Freise (SF) method (which is a clever
modification of the BM method) is more useful for calculating the interdiffusion coefficient. The Hall Method (HM) was
specifically designed for determining the interdiffusion coefficient at the low and high concentration limits. In the present
study, concentration profiles have been numerically generated as a solution to the interdiffusion problem in a binary
system when the interdiffusion coefficient is dependent on concentration. This has been done using an explicit finite
difference method. A comparative study of the HM, BM and SF methods has been performed using the generated
concentration profiles. This allows for a direct comparison between the SF, BM and HM techniques. Present results
clearly indicate that the HM technique can only be applicable when the interdiffusion coefficient is constant
(independent of concentration) or almost constant at the low concentration regions. In all other cases the SF method
gives the best agreement with the input interdiffusion function.
Keywords: Diffusion Equation; Hall method; Sauer-Freise Method; Finite Difference Method
Page | 88

10.5
N um erical study of the w etting and m obility of liquid droplets on
horizontal and inclined flat and m icrogrooved surfaces
Nazia Farhat, Saif Khan Alen, Md. Ashiqur Rahman
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
Designing hydrophobic surfaces with controllable wettability has attracted much interest in the recent times. The
present study seeks to simulate the static and dynamic wetting behavior of liquid droplets on horizontal flat and
microgrooved surfaces and compare the findings with experimentally obtained data. Using an open-source software, a
3D drop-shape model is developed to numerically analyze the shape of liquid droplets and anisotropic wetting for a wide
range of parametric space. The effects of droplet volume, variation in the microgroove geometry and wettability gradient
along the parallel and perpendicular directions of the microgrooved surfaces etc. on the drop shape and apparent contact
angle are examined. Simulation and analysis are extended to analyze the wetting behavior of V-grooved geometry and
are compared with the findings on rectangular microgrooved surfaces. For creating wettability gradient along the parallel
direction of the grooves, periodic PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) coating is considered and increased hydrophobicity of
the surface is observed with significant increase in the parallel contact angle for this case. The simulated results manifest
considerable differences in the wetting pattern of the microgrooved and flat surfaces and are found out to be in good
agreement with the experimental findings.
Keywords: Wettability; Microgrooved surface; Drop shape modelling; Water retention; Anisotropic wetting.

10.6
N um erical analysis of prim ary co nversion efficiency of oscillating
w ater colum ns w ith m ultiple cham bers
Pallav Koirala, Shuichi Nagata, Yasutaka Imai,Tengen Murakami, Toshiaki
Setoguchi
aInstitute

of Ocean Energy, Saga University, Saga Shi, 840-8502, Japan

A bstract
The authors investigate the primary conversion efficiency of Oscillating Water Columns (OWCs) with multiple water
chambers and air chambers. Two-dimensional frequency-domain numerical models to estimate the primary conversion
efficiency of a two-chamber OWC with two air chambers and a two chamber OWC with one air chamber are developed.
The numerical results are compared with that of a conventional one chamber OWC with equivalent total chamber
width and front opening. The wave induced force is calculated using the boundary element method based on the velocity
potential theory. Assuming air to be an ideal gas, the air flow is calculated using an equation of state and the equations
of conservation of mass and energy. Boundary integral equations are formulated to calculate the air pressure in the air
chambers, the reflection coefficient and the primary conversion efficiency of each of the chambers as well as the combined
efficiency. In addition, the behaviour of these physical quantities with the variation of the nozzle ratio, the relative
water depth, the depth of the curtain wall and the width of the front-chamber are investigated using the calculated
results.
Keywords: Boundary element; velocity potential; primary conversion efficiency; reflection coefficient.

Page | 89

Page | 90

11.1
Tim ber drying by solar kilns: a perform ance com parison
Mahmudul Hasana, T.A.G. Langrisha
aDrying

and Process Technology Group, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

A bstract

The predictive wood drying for the two different greenhouse-type solar-kiln designs (Oxford and Boral kilns) has been
described in this paper. The dimensions of the original Boral kiln have been scaled down in order to describe the relative
kilns performances on the basis of same load capacity. Climatic boundary conditions for the summer season, 2013
(January and February) of Brisbane in Australia were used for this comparative study. The performance between the
two designs was compared over a typical drying period of 50 days. The performance for the Oxford design was generally
predicted to be superior to that for the Boral kiln throughout the selected season.
Keywords: Timber drying; solar kiln; predictive performance.

11.2
P rospect of M oringa seed oil as a sustainable biodiesel fuel in
A ustralia: A review
A. K. Azad1 , M. G. Rasul1, M. M. K. Khan1, Subhash C. Sharma1, Rubayat
Islam2
1School
2Department

of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
of Mechanical Engineering,Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
Moringa oleifera is one of the most widely cultivated crops in tropical and sub-tropical areas in the world. The common
name is drumstick which contains 6 to10 seeds. The matured seeds yield 38 - 40% of colourless and odorless vegetable
oil. The oil contains concentrated oleic acid which has the potential to be used as a biodiesel. The study reviewed the
prospect of moringa oleifera seed oil as a source of alternative transport fuel in Australia. The distributions, habitat,
growth, production, oil extraction and biodiesel conversion techniques are briefly discussed. The literatures available on
engine performance test and emission studies are also summarized for better understanding of the prospect of the
moringa oleifera as a sustainable and alternative source of transport fuel. A review of the literatures indicates that
moringa oleifera oil could be one of the prospective sources of biodiesel in Australia. Further studies are recommended
on issues such as engine combustion characteristics, emission parameters, environmental impact and economic analysis
of the species before it can be considered for commercial application.
Keywords: Biodiesel; Moringa oil; Transterification reaction; Alternative fuel; Transport fuel.

Page | 91

11.3
Therm al sim ulation and energy consum ption analysis of tw o
houses in St. Johns, N ew foundland
Tasnova Alam Jeshaa, M. Tariq Iqbalb
a,bFaculty

of Engineering, Memorial University

St. John's, NL A1B3X5, Canada

A bstract
In this paper simulation results of two typical houses in St. Johns are presented using BEOpt (Building Energy
optimization) software. Simulation is done using one-year weather data, typical thermostat settings and occupation of
two houses. BEopt provides capabilities to evaluate residential building designs and identify cost-optimal solution at
various levels of whole-house energy savings along the path to zero net energy. It was noticed that the annual energy
consumption determined using simulation in BEopt is almost same as the actual energy consumption, logged with a
sampling time of 2 minutes for both the houses. This simulation, analysis and a comparison is necessary to validate the
thermal model of houses. The developed model of the houses could be used to design a renewable energy system or
study human behaviour impact on the house energy consumption. Simulation results and a detailed analysis of the
logged data are presented in the paper.
Keywords: Energy analysis; Energy saving; House power consumption; Building simulation; BEopt

11.4
Effect of C om pression R atio on the P erform ance, C om bustion
A nd Em ission From A D iesel Engine U sing P alm B iodiesel
Ambarish Datta (India), Gaurav Paul (India), Bijan Kumar Mandal (India)
A bstract
The ever increasing green house gas concentration and projected shortage of fossils fuel necessitate the finding of an
alternative to replace the conventional diesel fuel. The most promising alternative to diesel is biodiesel due to the
closeness of thermo-physical properties of it and diesel. The biodiesel can be available as it can be easily produced from
different vegetable oils through a chemical reaction called transesterification. However, some constrains are still there
to use it in an unmodified diesel engine. The experimental works are most acceptable and these provide the actual
results correctly. But, it is not always possible to set up the experimental test rig under all condition. Furthermore,
these consume more time and cost. From this perspective, the authors have tried to numerically simulate an unmodified
conventional diesel engine fueled with palm stearin methyl ester and petro-diesel at three compressions ratios of 16, 17
and 18. For the above said purpose, performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder, naturally
aspirated, water cooled, direct injection, four stroke diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm have been simulated
using Diesel-RK. The simulation results show that, from the energetic point of view of the engine, brake thermal
efficiency decreases and brake specific fuel consumption increases with the use of palm stearin methyl ester at same
operating condition. While using the palm stearin methyl ester, increase in compression ratio increases the thermal
efficiency due to better air-fuel mixing. Whereas increase in compression ratio results in the decrease of the brake specific
fuel consumption of the engine. Form the combustion characteristics it has been observed that the higher compression
ratio results in higher in cylinder pressure and higher heat release rate as well as lower ignition delay. The NOx and
CO2 emission are increased at higher compression ratio due to the higher pressure and temperature. On the other hand,
the specific PM emission and smoke opacity are less at higher compression ratio because of complete combustion of the
fuel.
Keywords: Performance, Combustion, Emission, Biodiesel
Page | 92

11.5
N um erical Investigation on the Effects of EG R on C I Engine
C haracteristics U sing Soyabean B iodiesel
Ambarish Dattaa,, Gaurav Paulb, Bijan Kumar Mandalc
aResearch
bPG

Scholar, Department of Mechnical Engineering, IIEST, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India

Scholar, Department of Mechnical Engineering, IIEST, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India

cProfessor,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIEST, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India

A bstract
In this work an attempt has been made to numerically investigate the effect of soyabean biodiesels on an unmodified
CI engine and then to study and reduce the NOx emission by the introduction of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
technique at the rates of 10% and 20% . Compared to no EGR condition for the neat biodiesel, the NO x emission is
reduced by 44% and 70% with 10% and 20% EGR respectively. But the increase in the EGR rate deteriorates the
engine performance and increases the emissions, other than NOx. Thus, EGR helps in reducing NOx emission but its
rate of introduction has to be bounded by a limit.
Keywords: Biodiesel; EGR; NOx Emission; BSFC; Brake Thermal Efficiency

11.6
Oil Extraction from P ine Seed (P olyalthia longifolia) by Solvent
Extraction M ethod and its Property A nalysis
M.N.Islama*, M. A. Saburb, M. E. Hoquec
a*Associate

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh

bStudent,
cProfessor,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi-6204, Banglades
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh

A bstract
The present study represents the conversion of biomass solid waste in the form of pine seed into bio-oil by solvent
extraction method. Hexane is used as solvent in this process which forms miscella (mixture of solvent and oil). Solvent
is recovered by distillation from miscella. The oil obtained was analyzed for their properties as an alternative fuel and
was compared with petroleum product and other biomass derived oil. The fuel properties compared were higher calorific
value, density and viscosity.
Keywords: Pine seed, bio-oil, solvent extraction.

Page | 93

11.7
Effect of Exhaust G as R ecirculation (EG R ) on the P erform ance
and Em ission C haracteristics in D ies el Engine
Manish Choudharya Achin kumar Chowdhurib Bijan kumar Mandalc,
aPG

Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering IIEST Shibpur-711103 West Bengal, India

bAssociate

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering IIEST Shibpur-711103 West Bengal, India

cProfessor,

Department of Mechanical Engineering IIEST Shibpur -711103 West Bengal, India

A bstract
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is the one of the technique of reducing the oxides of nitrogen in the exhaust from
internal combustion engine. This paper investigates the effect of EGR on the performance of a diesel engine in terms of
brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency, as well as emissions of carbon dioxide (CO 2), carbon
monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Experiments have been conducted on a double cylinder,
water cooled, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine with diesel as fuel at a constant speed of 1600 rpm using 0% to
10% exhaust gas recirculation. The analysis of experimental data shows that there is a significant reduction in NOx
emission with the use of EGR technique. However, it has been also observed that emissions of CO, CO 2 and HC are
increasing to some extend with EGR. The BSFC increases with the increase of EGR rate. A marginal decrease in brake
thermal efficiency has also been noticed when EGR technique is used.
Keywords: BSFC; EGR; Brake Thermal Efficiency; NOx Emission

11.8
P erform ance of an Electricity -G enerating C ooking Stove w ith
P ressurized K erosene Burner
Md Ehsana,, Manabendra Sarkera, Rifath Mahmuda, Paul H Rileyb
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

bDepartment

of Electrical Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

A bstract
A clean-burning cooking stove that also generates electricity (The Score-StoveTM) was modified to enable evaluations
to take place in 3 regions of Bangladesh. Using the principle of thermo-acoustics to generate electricity it can supply
power for applications such as - LED lighting, mobile phone charging and radios particularly in rural areas without grid
electricity. After assessing the needs of the rural communities through a survey, tea-stalls and small restaurants owners
were identified as people with the most potential of using the Stove in Bangladesh. The Bangladesh University of
Engineering and Technology ((BUET) modified a Score-Stove to use both wood and a pressurised kerosene burner of a
design that is widely used for cooking in rural areas of Bangladesh. The design was adapted to meet performance needs
such as: heating rate, cooking efficiency, energy distribution, electric power generation, exhaust emissions and time
taken to boil water using standardised water boiling tests. Performance was also compared with conventional (nonelectrically generating) stoves that use a pressurised kerosene burner. A stove suitable to be demonstrated was developed
to obtain feedback from some end-users for evaluation. Effects of the technical changes to the stove required for field
trials and laboratory experimental results are presented. Technical deficiencies are documented and recommendations
for improvements and future research in order to obtain wider end-user acceptance are made.
Keywords: Score-Stove; Thermo-acoustics; Clean cooking stove; Small-scale power; Kerosene burner
Page | 94

11.9
B iofuel: A n A ustralian P erspective in A bating the Fossil Fuel
V ulnerability
M. A. Hazrata,, M. G. Rasula, M. M. K. Khana
aSchool

of Engineering & Technology, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia

A bstract
The fossil fuels are now considered as one of the most environmentally unsustainable energy resources though they are
the major energy source for transport sectors and other industries. Increased demand of fuel consumption can lead to
the threat of energy supply instability and the consequences of energy uses and emission on both environment and
economy are significant concerns of most of the countries. This article reviews the vulnerability of Australian fuel supply
chain and a brief description on how biofuels can turn into significant alternative resources of fossil fuel. It has been
observed that the prospective applications of biofuel can assist in abating both the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
and fossil fuel vulnerabilities. Currently, Australia imports about 37% of the total crude oil demand managing a diverse
supply chain system. The local refining capacities are not utilized properly. No more technically advanced projects are
under consideration to achieve self-sufficiency to make the best use of domestic crudes in order to reduce the fuel
imports. Though Australia possesses abundant facility of producing nonedible biofuel feedstocks, high costs for feedstock
processing has caused shut down of 68% of the existing biofuel refineries. But, biofuels can reduce over 60% of the GHG
emissions caused by the same amount of fossil fuels. Though the Government has granted an excise of flat tax on
biofuels until 2021 to promote the commercial growth in this sector, the lack of infrastructure investment from the
Government has been slowed the progress of this industry since its inception. Establishment of regional biofuels refineries
can reduce both the distribution transport cost and import load of the fossil fuels. Being alternative resources, biofuel
production can effectively make the best use of deserted or unused lands, creating employment opportunities and
reducing both fossil fuel market instability and environment pollutions.
Keywords: Biofuel; Fuel Policy; Alternative Fuel; GHG Emission; Fossil Fuel; Low Carbon Emission; Clean Energy
Regulation

11.10
P roduction of B iodiesel U sing A lkaline B ased C atalysts From
W aste C ooking Oil: A C ase Study
Md. Tofajjal Hossain Chowdhury (Bangladesh), Dr. Md. Ehsan (Bangladesh)
A bstract:
Waste cooking oil (WCO) is typically cheaper than diesel so its use as biodiesel can reduce the cost of diesel run
operation. Air-conditioned fast food restaurants (FFR) in Bangladesh generate lot of WCO, but due to frequent load
shedding they also burn lot of diesel for captive power generation. Recycling part of the waste oils in the form of
biodiesel can reduce the need of diesel fuel and increase profitability of the establishment. The techno-economic
feasibility of such operation in case of a FFR in Dhaka has been investigated. CH3OH (methanol) and NaOH (sodium
hydroxide, base catalyst) are mostly used in this process because of their lowest costs, higher reaction rates and higher
yields. With content of free fatty acids (FFAs) lower than 2.5%, WCO can directly undergo base catalyzed
transesterification reaction in order to convert it to biodiesel. The yield for WCO biodiesel production in this study is
assumed in the range of 80-90% according to previous research. In addition, the single-stage transesterification (SST)
process is the cheapest and the easiest than those of the other different methods. The cost of chemicals will further
minimize by recycling of CH3OH and NaOH in this SST process. The possible CH3OH and NaOH recoveries are fully
depended on the amounts of their uses in the reactions. The best use of methanol in the reactions is either in molar
ratio (6:1 or 5:1). In case of 5:1 molar ratio, the possible recovery of CH3OH (excess methanol) and NaOH is about in
the range of 35-40% and 80-90% respectively. It is found from the study that a techno-economic model could be
developed with recovery units for minimizing the cost of the production of biodiesel (B5) to run a diesel generator plant
successfully with an extra monthly savings equivalent to 4% of the diesel cost for standby power.
Keywords: Waste Cooking Oil; biodiesel; B5; Transesterification; Cost effectiveness; NaOH catalyst; methanol and
NaOH recovery
Page | 95

11.11
Therm o-gravim etric and K inetic A nalysis of D ifferent V arieties of
R ice H usk
Md. Ahiduzzamana and A.K.M. Sadrul Islamb
aBangabandhu

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

bIslamic

University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh

A bstract
Rice husk is source of renewable biomass and it contributes to supply solid and gaseous fuel through the process of
thermo-chemical conversion. A clear understanding is required about the kinetic parameters of rice husk for design and
operation of industrial systems. A significant difference is observed in kinetic parameters of rice husk for different
varieties which indicates that design parameters for industrial processes of rice husk would be different.
Keywords: Rice husk, Thermogravimetric analysis, Kinetic analysis, Decomposition rate, Activation energy, Frequency
factor.

11.12
B iogas from M esophilic A naerobic D igestion of C ow D ung U sing
Silica G el as C atalyst
Bodius Salam, Sumana Biswas, Md Sanaul Rabbi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chittagong-4349, Bangladesh

A bstract
Biogas originates from bacteria in the process of biological breakdown of organic material under anaerobic conditions.
A research work was conducted to investigate the production ability of biogas from mesophilic anaerobic digestions of
cow dung (CD) using silica gel as catalyst. Two laboratory scale digesters were constructed to digest cow dung, where
one set-up was used for digestion of cow dung without catalyst and the other set-up was used for digestion with catalyst.
The digesters were made of glass conical flask of 1-liter capacity each. Cow dung was used 390 gm and water was used
310 gm in each experiment. In the slurry, total solid content was maintained 8% (wt.) for all the observations. The
digesters were fed on batch basis. The digesters were operated at ambient temperatures of 27 31oC. The total gas
yield was obtained about 27.3 L/kg CD for digestion without catalyst and about 30.5 L/kg of CD for digestion with
catalyst. The retention time was about 76 days for both the digestions. The gas yields were compared with the previous
work of mesophilic digestions of cow dung without catalyst of operating temperatures 18 28oC.
Keywords: Biogas; anaerobic; mesophilic; cow dung; catalyst.

Page | 96

11.13
R ecent D evelopm ents on Internal C om bustion Engin e
P erform ance and Em issions Fuelled W ith B iodiesel-D iesel-Ethanol
B len ds
M. Mofijur, M.G. Rasul, J. Hyde
School of Engineering & Technology, Central Queensland University, Queensland 4701, Australia

A bstract
Ever increasing drift of energy consumption due to growth of population, transportation and luxurious lifestyle has
motivated researchers to carry out research on biofuel as a sustainable alternative fuel for diesel engine. Biofuel such as
biodiesel and ethanol, produced from renewable feedstocks, are the most appropriate alternative of petroleum
fuels. However, direct using of ethanol in diesel fuel face some technical problem especially in cold weather, due to low
cetane number, lower flash point and poor solubility. Biodiesel can be blended with both ethanol and diesel fuel
and biodieselalcoholdiesel blends can be used in diesel engines. The aim of this review paper is to discuss the effect
of mixed blends of biodiesel alcohol and diesel on engine performance and emission parameters of a diesel engine.
Most of the researchers reported that adding ethanol into biodiesel-diesel blend in diesel engines significantly reduce
HC, PM, NOx and smoke emissions but slightly increase fuel consumption. The study concluded that biodiesel-dieselethanol blend can be used as a substitute of petro-diesel fuel to reduce dependency on fossil fuel as well as the exhaust
emissions of the engine.
Keywords: Global energy consumption; emission; diesel engine; ethanol; biodiesel

11.14
Effect of B iodiesel-D iesel B lending on P hysico-C hem ical
P roperties of B iodiesel Fuel
M. Mofijura, H.H. Masjukib, M.A. Kalamb, M.G. Rasula, A.E. Atabanic, M.A.
Hazrata
a School

of Engineering & Technology, Central Queensland University, Queensland 4701, Australia

b Department

of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

c Department

of Mechanical University, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey

A bstract
The aim of this paper is to study the physical and chemical properties of Moringa oleifera biodiesel and its blends of
10%-90% by volume with petro-diesel according to the American society for testing and materials (ASTM D6751)
standards and European standards (EN 14214). It was found that when Moringa biodiesel is blended with diesel fuel,
all its fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity (KV), density (D), calorific value (CV), flash point (FP), cloud point
(CP), pour point (PP), and cold filter plugging point (CFPP). For example, B10 reduce the viscosity of B100 from 5.05
mm2/s to 3.54 mm2/s (1.4:1). Then developed empirical models of properties are show high regression value (R2) between
properties and MOME-diesel blend. It is believed that the results obtained and empirical model proposed in this study
will help the researchers to predict the properties of biodiesel-diesel blend which are important parameters to design
the fuel system of biodiesel engine.
Keywords: Fossil fuel; Moringa oleifera; Biodiesel production; Characterization; Blending.

Page | 97

11.15
C om parison of Oil Y ield by Solvent Extraction in C onventional
and M odified Soxhlet A pparatus from Seeds of P ongam ia pinnata
Dipti Yadav (India), Pinakeswar Mahanata (India), A Shrivastava (India),
Pankaj Kalita (India), Lepakshi Barbora (India), Lata Rangan (India)

A bstract
In the present paper a comparative study of process parameters on oil yield from non-edible plant oil seeds was made
using a conventional soxhlet apparatus and a modified soxhlet apparatus. The conventional soxhlet apparatus was
modified to enhance its performance in oil extraction. Pongamia pinnata oil seeds were taken for the analysis in both
the setups. It was observed that oil yield was more and the process time was less in the modified soxhlet apparatus in
comparison to the conventional soxhlet apparatus. Effect of seed to solvent ratio, extraction time, particle size, moisture,
solvent type etc. on plant oil yield was studied with the modified setup. The improved set up gave the best results in
terms of oil yield (31%).
Keywords: soxhlet, moisture, extraction, oil

11.16
Technical and econom ic feasibility of solar pum p irrigat ions for
eco-friendly environm ent
M. Ayub Hossaina,*, M. Shoeb Hassana, M. Abdul Mottalibb, Sultan Ahmmedc
aFarm

Machinery and Postharvest Process Engineering Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur- 2000, Bangladesh

bNatural

Resources Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh

A bstract
This paper presents the technical and economic suitability of solar pump irrigations of rice and no-rice crops. Four
submersible solar pumps (1050 Wp) were installed in different locations of Bangladesh for irrigating rice, wheat and
vegetables. The solar pump was used for drip irrigation and furrow irrigation for cultivation of brinjal and tomato
during 2010-13. Water savings by drip irrigation over furrow irrigation for brinjal and tomato were 53.25% and 56.16%,
respectively. For cultivation of wheat about 430 mm water was required and the yield was 3.00 t/ha. Water required
for boro rice cultivation in Magura was 1024 mm and in Barisal it was 1481 mm. Cultivations of solar irrigated wheat
(BCR 2.31), tomato (BCR 2.22) and brinjal (BCR 2.34) were economically profitable but boro rice was not economically
profitable (BCR 0.31). Diesel engine operated irrigation pump emits carbon dioxide but solar pump is an environment
friendly irrigation technology.
Keywords: Solar pump; PV panel;drip irrigation; tomato, brinjal; rice

Page | 98

11.17
Electrodeposition and C haracterization of C opper Oxide Thin
Film s for Solar C ell A pplications
Abu Sadat Md. Sayem Rahman (Bangladesh), Md Anisul Islam (Bangladesh),
Kazi Md. Shorowordi (Bangladesh)
A bstract
Copper oxide thin films are being considered in thin film solar cells for its unique photovoltaic properties.
Electrodeposition is one of the cheapest processes to deposit copper oxide thin films. In this study, copper oxide was
electrodeposited on the copper substrate and gold plated glass substrate in an electrolyte bath containing 0.2M
CuSO4.5H2O, 3M lactic acid and NaOH. A potentiostat/galvanostat with silver chloride electrode (Ag/AgCl) as a
reference electrode was used for elctrodeposition. During deposition, the bath temperature and pH were maintained
600C and 12-12.5 respectively. Copper oxide was deposited at different potentials and deposition time. The films
deposited at different electrodeposition conditions were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and
Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The optical band gap was determined from the films deposited on gold
plated glass substrate using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy. From visual inspection it was found that copper oxide
film was black and adherent on copper substrate. In gold coated glass substrate copper oxide film was also black but
bonding between the substrate and copper oxide film was not so strong. The SEM study reveal that the films become
more compact and grain sizes of copper oxide films decreases at more negative potentials in deposition potential range.
EDS analysis shows that percentage of oxygen in the copper oxide films increases with more negative potentials at the
deposition potential range. It was found that with increase of time more adherent and uniform film thickness occurs.
The variation of the thickness of copper oxide films with different deposition parameters was analyzed. The optical
band gap which represents the optical properties is also correlated with the deposition parameters
Keywords: Copper oxide, Electrodeposition, Solar cell, Optical band gap

Page | 99

Page | 100

12.1
A n experim ental study of a cyclonic vertical axis w ind turbine for
dom estic scale pow er generation
Bavin Loganathan, Harun Chowdhury*, Israt Mustary and Firoz Alam
School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia

A bstract
The primary objective of this paper is to investigate a cyclonic domestic scale vertical axis wind turbine with semicircular
shaped blades under a range of wind speeds. A 16-bladed rotor was initially designed and its torques and angular speeds
were measured over a range of wind speeds using a wind tunnel. Additionally, a cowling device was developed to enhance
the turbine efficiency by directing the air flow from the rear blades into the atmosphere. Another 8-bladed rotor was
also manufactured to investigate the effect of blade number on the maximum power generation. The aerodynamic
performance of the cowling device was also investigated. Maximum power curves as a function of wind speeds were
established for each configuration. The results indicated that the 16-bladed wind turbine can be used for domestic scale
wind power generation. The results show that the cowling device has positive effect to increase the rotor speed to a
significant amount. With the use of the cowling device, the average rotor speed increased by about 26% for the 16bladed rotor compared to the baseline configuration. A significant increase (about 40%) of rotor speed was also found
for the 8-bladed rotor with the cowling device. The results also indicated that the cowling device can be used to increase
the power output of this cyclonic type vertical axis wind turbine especially with a reduce number of blades.
Keywords: vertical axis wind turbine; wind tunnel; experimental study; power; torque; rotor.

12.2
A djacent w ake effect of a v ertical axis w ind turbine
Israt Mustary, Harun Chowdhury*, Bavin Loganathan and Firoz Alam
School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia

A bstract
The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of turbine placement and surrounding structures. Using
Urban Green Energys UGE-4K vertical axis wind turbine and the ANSYS computational fluid dynamics package
(CFX), a dynamic fluid analysis was undertaken looking at the wake of the turbine through a variety of different inlet
speeds and rotational frequencies to determine suitable flow recovery for optimal placement of subsequent turbines. The
results showed that the wake interference is minimal at around 5 times the diameter of the turbine downstream. Results
also show that flow recovery was a lot slower to the right of the turbine especially along a line 15 from the centre of
the turbine to the right as this is coincident with the vortices generated from the turbines rotation.
Keywords: wake effect; vertical axis wind turbine; optimal turbine placement; CFD modelling.

Page | 101

12.3
P erform ance of a D iesel Engine run w ith M ustard -K erosene
blends
S. M. Ameer Uddina*, A. K. Azadb, M. M. Alamc and J. U Ahamedd
a,c

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, BUET, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

bSchool

of engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University,Rockhampton, QLD-4701, Australia

dDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering,CUET,Chittagong,Bangladesh

E-mail: ameer.cuet01@gmail.coma*, sumonbd.ameer@gmail.coma*, a.k.azad@cqu.edu.aub

A bstract
Increasing oil prices and global warming activates the research and development of substitute energy resources to
maintain economic development. The methyl esters of vegetable oil, known as biodiesel are becoming popular because
of their low ecological effect and potential as a green substitute for compression ignition engine. Diesel engines are more
efficient and cost-effective than other engines. Vegetable oils can be used in the diesel engine by pure form or by transesterified form. In this paper pure mustard oil blending with kerosene at different proportion like m20, m30, m40, m50
and M100 (pure mustard) has been used in different load condition in 4 stroke single cylinder diesel engine mounted on
a hydraulic dynamometer bed. Physical properties of different blend like heating value, density, viscosity, flash point
and fire point has been determined before engine testing. The engine data was taken applying load from 6 kg to 15 kg
at constant rpm 2000.From this study we find that, among the blends m20 and m30 has the minimum bsfc 257.94
gm/kw-hr at 12.5 kg load & 269.67gm/kw-hr at 12.5 kg load condition respectively. Hence m20 can be considered as
suitable blend for mustard blending with kerosene for diesel engine .
Keywords: Bio-diesel, Blend of bio-diesel, Mustard, bsfc, bhp.

12.4
Solar adsorption cooling and hot w ater supply for clim atic
condition of D haka
Rifat Ara Roufa,*, K. C. Amanul Alamb, M. A. Hakim Khanc
aSchool

of Engineering and Computer Science, Independent University, Bangladesh, Plot-16, Block-B, Aftabuddin Ahmed Road, Bashundhara R/A,
Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh,

bDepartment

of Electronics and Communication Engineering, East-West University, A/2, Jahurul Islam Avenue, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar,
Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh,
cDepartment

of Mathematics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

A bstract
For the climatic condition of a tropical country like Bangladesh, solar heat driven adsorption cooling seems to have
great prospect. Installation cost is one of the foremost drawbacks of such a system. Although, once installed, system
maintenance and operation cost is negligible. Besides, the solar unit can not only support as a cooler for adsorption
space cooling purpose during summer season but also as a source of hot water supply for domestic use during the winter
season. A conventional two bed basic adsorption chiller, driven by solar heat run by silica gel-water pair as adsorbent
and adsorbate respectively, has been investigated for the climatic condition of Dhaka 23 4 6 N (latitude), and 90 2 3 E
(longitude). 30 enhanced compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) collectors each of area 2.415 m2 along with a hot
water storage tank of volume 2.197 liters is optimum for considered climatic condition. With such a unit 30.27C
continuous water supply during the peak hours can be assured, with the storage of 44.77C of hot water in the month
of January.

Keywords: Solar heat; storage tank; hot water supply.

Page | 102

12.5
P erform ance Test of D ouble -stage R ankine C ycle experim ental
plant for OTEC
Eisuke Kusudaa,*, Takafumi Morisakib, Yasuyuki Ikegamib
aDept.of
bInstitute

Mechanical Engineering Saga University, 1, Honjo-machi, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan

of Ocean Energy Saga University(IOES), 1-48, Hirao, Yamashiro-cho, Imari-shi, Saga 849-4256, Japan

A bstract
Ocean thermal energy conversion has gained focus generating stable electric power while providing additional benefit.
By some research, it is shown that using a double-stage Rankine cycle is theoretically more efficient than a single-stage
Rankine cycle. Moreover, several studies have been made on the experimental study of a double-stage Rankine cycle.
But the comparison of theoretical result with experimental result has never been studied so far. In this research, it was
demonstrated a double-stage Rankine cycle experimental plant, and attempted to compare experimental result with
theoretical result.
Keywords: Ocean thermal energy conversion, Double-stgae Rankine cycle, Entropy generation rate, Working fluid flow
rate distribution ratio ;

12.6
Effect of Tem perature on B iogas P roduction from R ice Straw and
R ice H usk
Mrs. Manjula Das Ghataka, Prof. Pinak Mahantab
aResearch

Scholar Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781036, India

bProfessor,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781036, India

A bstract
The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of temperature on anaerobic digestion of two very common
lignocellulosic biomasses such as rice husk and rice straw. Rice husk and rice straw are abundant in south East Asia.
They are not effectively used for any fruitful purpose rather they are disposed of in the open environment polluting the
atmosphere and causing serious health problem. In this paper the rice husk and rice straw were first characterized to
see their potentiality for biogas production and then pretreated to make the biogas production achievable. The anaerobic
digestion was considered at three different operating temperatures, namely, 45C, 50C and 55C, respectively. Effect
of temperature on kinetic rate constant was also studied. It was observed from the investigation that biogas production
increases with increase in temperature. The kinetic rate constant plays a significant role to indicate the digestion process.
Keywords:Lignocellulosic biomasses; anaerobic digestion; kinetic rate constant; biogas production.

Page | 103

12.7
Energy Y ield of Torrefied R ice H usk at A tm ospheric C ondition
Md. Ahiduzzamana* and A.K.M. Sadrul Islamb
aBangabandhu

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

bIslamic

University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh

A bstract
Torrefaction is a thermal treatment for lignocellulosic waste biomass at low temperature, which has been found to be
effective not only for improving the quality of biomass solid fuels, in terms of higher energy density, longer shelf life
and hydrophobic in nature, but also to make them useful as a feedstock for further decomposition such as gasification
and liquefaction. In this study, torrefaction of rice husk is carried out in a fixed bed reactor under atmospheric condition
at a temperature range of 200 to 300C, in order to clarify the effect of air on torrefaction of rice husk.
Keywords: Torrefaction, Rice husk, Mass yield, Calorific value ratio, Energy yield.

12.8
On the im plem entation of tw o-diode m odel for photovoltaic therm al system s
Mohammad Waliullaha, M. Zakir Hossainb, Sumon Sahaa
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

bDepartment

of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada

A bstract
Photovoltaic (PV) cells are known for poor efficiency within the range of only 6-15%, depending on the type of cells.
As a result, those can convert only a small part of the absorbed solar energy into electricity, the rest is wasted as heat,
which also contributes to rise in cell temperature. This heating up is undesirable for PV cells because it further decreases
the electrical conversion efficiency. One viable solution to this problem is the combination of PV cells with integrated
thermal collectors, known as photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors. This combination usually improves the PV module
efficiency compared to stand-alone PV modules, because the fluid circulating underneath the PV cells removes the heat
from the cells and cools them. Among the studies concerning PVT, Delisle [1] provided a good mathematical model,
where the electrical output was calculated simply by considering a linear dependence of PV efficiency with cell
temperature. In the current study, following the Delisles approach [1], a simple model configuration consisting of
transpired collector absorber plate of corrugated type mounted underneath the PV cells is analyzed. The resulting
mathematical system is solved numerically using multivariate Newtons method. To calculate the model output more
accurately, a sophisticated model known as two-diode model is incorporated. This model provides current-voltage
characteristics with maximum power point (MPP) tracker, and considers nonlinear temperature effect. The comparison
of the model outputs with experimental data reveals that two-diode model behaves differently for different sets of data
at different conditions.
Keywords:Photovoltaics; solar thermal; photovoltaic/thermal; two-diode model

Page | 104

12.9
The P roduction of Ethanol from M icro -A lgae Spirulina
Md. Nahian Bin Hossain, Joyanta Kumar Basu, Dr. Mohammad Mamun
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)

A bstract
This study ascertained the technical potential of producing bio fuel from naturally occurring micro algae spirulina. The
algae are grown by BCSIR and the collected algae are examined. The growing environment contains nitrates, phosphates
and carbon dioxide that come from atmosphere. The overall research work consisted of manual and mechanical drying
of algae, grinding and subj0065cting the algal matter to acid hydrolysis to extract carbohydrates to form an algal sugar
solution. Fermentation of that solution was performed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce ethanol. The presents
of ethanol in the solution assures the ultimate desired destination of the work. An average of 15.2 g/L of reducing sugar
was extracted in the hydrolysate showing that microalgae have significant usable carbohydrates after hydrolysis to
conduct this research work. Ethanol percentage varies with the variation of hydrolysis time, concentration of sulfuric
acid and fermentation time. The average value of ethanol percentage varies between 0.85-1.0 percent among the
samples. Although the ethanol percentage is not economical for this algae but the main task of establishing the process
of bio fuel production from micro algae comes to a successful end. This process gives the assurance and defined way of
bio fuel production from other carbohydrate enriched micro algae.
Keywords: Biofuel; Algae; Spirulina; Ethanol; Microalgae.

12.10
Sim ulation and Optim ization of Solar D esalination P lant U sing
A spen P lus Sim ulation Softw are
Mojibul Sajjad a, Mohammad G. Rasul
a

Researcher, School of Science & Engineering, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton,Queensland,Australia

b Associate

Professor,, School of Science & Engineering, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton,Queensland,Australia

A bstract
Of the total global water, 94% is salt water from the oceans and the remaining 6% is fresh. The shortage of fresh water
is a problem that has continued to challenge third world countries, and over time has become increasingly evident in
developed nations around the globe. With a combination of contributing issues such as overpopulation and changes in
weath0065r and climatic conditions, the demand for alternate approaches to fresh potable water supply has increased
dramatically. The paper develops a computational model to simulate the performance of a small scale solar desalination
plant. The model is validated with experimental results found in the literature. The validated model is used to optimize
the functional parameters of a desalination plant and in turn, enhance the recovery rate and product quality of the
system. The model is suitable for brackish and seawater desalting applications specific to the climatic conditions of
coastal Queensland, Australia. Aspen Plus is the process simulation software that was used for the modelling. The
outcomes of the study is a validated process simulation model of a small scale solar desalination plant, optimization of
this model for better utilization of current technologies and methods of improving performance, efficiency and recovery
and reducing operational limitations.
Keywords: Solar desalination plant, Aspen Plus software, Simulation, Optimisation
.
Page | 105

12.11
Interactions betw een liquid -w ater and gas-diffusion layers in
polym er-electrolyte fuel cells
Prodip K. Dasa,*, Anthony D. Santamariab, Adam Z. Weberc
aSchool

of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
bDepartment

cEnvironmental

of Mechanical Engineering, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA

Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

A bstract
Over the past few decades, a significant amount of research on polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) has been conducted
to improve performance and durability while reducing the cost of fuel cell systems. However, the cost associated with
the platinum (Pt) catalyst remains a barrier to their commercialization and PEFC durability standards have yet to be
established. An effective path toward reducing PEFC cost is making the catalyst layers (CLs) thinner thus reducing
expensive Pt content. The limit of thin CLs is high gas-transport resistance and the performance of these CLs is sensitive
to the operating temperature due to their inherent low water uptake capacity, which results in higher sensitivity to
liquid-water flooding and reduced durability. Therefore, reducing PEFCs cost by decreasing Pt content and improving
PEFCs performance and durability by managing liquid-water are still challenging and open topics of research. An
overlooked aspect nowadays of PEFC water management is the gas-diffusion layer (GDL). While it is known that
GDLs properties can impact performance, typically it is not seen as a critical component. In this work, we present data
showing the importance of GDLs in terms of water removal and management while also exploring the interactions
between liquid-water and GDL surfaces. The critical interface of GDL and gas-flow-channel in the presence of liquidwater was examined through systematic studies of adhesion forces as a function of water-injection rate for various GDLs
of varying thickness. GDL properties (breakthrough pressure and adhesion force) were measured experimentally under
a host of test conditions. Specifically, the effects of GDL hydrophobic (PTFE) content, thickness, and water-injection
rate were examined to identify trends that may be beneficial to the design of liquid-water management strategies and
next-generation GDL materials for PEFCs.
Keywords: Polymer-electrolyte fuel cells; Liquid-water; Water-management; Gas-diffusion layers

12.12
A n aerodynam ic study of a dom estic scale horizontal axis w ind
turbine w ith varied tip configurations
Abdulkadir Ali, Harun Chowdhury*, Bavin Loganathan and Firoz Alam
School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia

A bstract
This paper primarily aims to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of a small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
(HAWT) with different blade tip configurations to enhance power generation efficiency. To understand the flow
behavior at the tip and to reduce the induced drag due to tip vortex, three different blade configurations (upwind
winglet, downwind winglet and blade without a winglet) were designed, manufactured and tested under a range of wind
speeds and yaw angles. The results show that the winglet has significant effect on the aerodynamic performance of the
wind turbine blade used for domestic scale wind generator. The results indicated an increase of lift-to-drag ratio with
the upwind winglet by around 26% compared to a straight blade with no winglet whereas the downwind winglet results
in a decrease of lift-to-drag ratio about 27%.
Keywords: horizontal axis wind turbine; winglets; wind tunnel; aerodynamic loads
Page | 106

12.13
Third generation biofuel from A lgae
Firoz Alam, Saleh Mobin and Harun Chowdhury*
School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia

A bstract
The use of liquid fossil fuel as an energy source has long been considered unsustainable and most importantly the liquid
fossil fuel will be diminished by the middle of this century. In addition, the fossil fuel is directly related to environmental
degradation and greenhouse emission. Biofuel produced from plants, animals or algae products can offer an alternative
to reduce our dependency on fossil fuel and assist to maintain healthy global environment. Micro-algae is becoming
popular candidate for biofuel production due to their high lipid contents, ease of cultivation and rapid growth rate. This
paper reviews the current stateof-the-art of biofuel from algae as a renewable energy source.
Keywords: Biofuel, microalgae, biodiesel, bioethanol, renewable energy.

Page | 107

Page | 108

13.1
P reparation of a C lam p Sleeve Spare P arts for C rim ping M achine
U sing Low C arbon Steel M aterial by H eat Treatm ent P rocess
Md. Arefin Kowsera, Muhammad Hurmutul Islamb
aAssociate

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur,
Country: Bangladesh, Email: nadimduet@yahoo.com

bPost-Graduate

student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur
Country: Bangladesh, Email: hurmutulislam@yahoo.com

A bstract
In Metered Dose Inhaler plant of pharmaceutical industries of Bangladesh, clamp sleeve spare part used in crimping
machine collected from foreign countries. The clamp sleeve presses the crimping tong containing aluminium can to
crimp the body with head. Due to the continuous action of the clamp sleeve to the crimping tong the inner surface of
the clamp sleeve get corroded. The clamp sleeve is replaced when crimping appearance fails to meet compliance. In this
Research an experimental work relating to improve the mechanical properties of locally available low carbon steel
material by heat treatment process have been carried out to replace the spare parts of clamp sleeve which is collected
from foreign countries. The mechanical properties have been studied on before and after heat treatment. After heat
treatment, it is found that hardness, impact and compressive strength of heat treated specimen has been developed
drastically as compared to that of before heat treatment. Finally, the properties of improved material has been
determined and used to the machine functional area to check the performance of the clamp sleeve. After consecutive
operation of the machine it can be concluded that the improved clamp sleeve meets the user requirement with
compliance of smooth crimping quality and locally available low carbon steel material can be used for the preparation
of clamp sleeve spare parts of crimping machine for pharmaceutical industry using the proper heat treatment process
which might be helpful to save huge cost and time rather than collected from foreign countries.
Keywords: Crimping Machine, Clamp Sleeve, Pack Carburizing, Quenching, Tempering, Hardness

13.2
A pplication of the spray quenching to T6 heat treatm ent of thick
A 6061 hollow cylinders
Hisayoshi Soejimaa, Yuichi Mitsutakeb, Suhaimi Illiasa, Koutarou Tsubakia and
Masanori Mondec
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University, 1 Hojo-machi, Saga-shi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan

bInstitute
cInternational

of Ocean Engergy, Saga University, 1 Hojo-machi, Saga-shi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan

Research Center for Hydrogen Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0935, Japan

A bstract
Aluminum allay A6061 is commonly applied T6 heat treatment and ultimate tensile strength above 300 MPa is obtained
by solid solution strengthening. The T6 treatment consists of solution treatment, water quenching and artificial aging.
Lower cooling rate during quenching is very important because impurity phase deposition in solution phase due to
longer quenching delay results in growth of grains in the aging process and less strengthening. The quenching delay
time strongly depends on boiling transition from film boiling to nucleate boiling as well as heat capacity of the solid.
Stable wetted situation hardly occurs in the film boiling region and film boiling heat transfer coefficient is one or two
digit lower than that of the nucleate boiling heat transfer. In this research, dip (bath) and spray quenches were applied
to thick A6061 hollow cylinders to get comparable spray cooling rate with the conventional dip quenching. Temperature
histories in the cylinder were measured during quenching and inside temperature distribution was estimated with inverse
Page | 109

heat conduction analysis. After the T6 treatment, tensile test pieces were cut away from the cylinder and effectiveness
of the spray quench was accessed. The spray quenching tests were done for water temperature of 10-22 oC and the
maximum total spray flow rate of 20 L/min with four or eight spray nozzles around the cylinder. For the dip quenching,
test piece was soaked into well stirred water pool at a fixed temperature of 18 oC. From the spray quench tests, the
quenching delay time was difficult to keep within the allowable maximum delay time requested from existing
metallurgical studies. It was found that higher water flow rate or larger number of nozzle arrangement will be required
to obtain comparable cooling rate with the dip quenching result. However, each tensile test showed that the strength
of spray quenched materials is almost equivalent to that of dip quenching and satisfied the minimum tensile strength
of A6061-T6 regulated by JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) B 8270.
Keywords: Heat Treatment of Aluminum alloy, Quenching, Spray Cooling, Transient Transient Boiling, Strength of
Material

13.3
C haracteristics of transient heat transfer and w etting phenom ena
during lam inar jet quenching on rotating cylinder
Shinya Tsuboyamaa, aTomofumi Higashia, Yuichi Mitsutakeb, Suhaimi bin Illiasa,
Aloke Kumar Mazumderc, Koutaro Tsubakia and Masanori Monded
aGraduate

school of Science and Technology, Saga Univerdity, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan

bInstitute
cDepartment
dInternational

of Ocean Engergy, Saga Univerdity, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Research Center for Hydrogen Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0935, Japan

A bstract
Hot strip leaving from finishing roll is quenched from about 850 to 500 degC by array of laminar jets on cooling table
(Run-Out-Table). Cooling temperature control of the hot strip is important to obtain better mechanical strength and
grain size. However, the cooling process includes unstable transition boiling region as well as moving boundary problem
due to relative movement between the hot strip and the jets. To improve quality of hot strip deeper understanding
about laminar jet quenching process on the moving hot surface should be elucidated. In this study, single laminar jet
quenching tests on a rotating hollow hot cylinder mounted horizontally have been conducted to understand
characteristics of transient heat transfer and wetting phenomena. The experiments were done for 18-8 stainless steel
(SUS304) hollow cylinder (O.D. 136mm, I.D. 116mm, W 150mm) under rotational speed ranged from 15 to 60 rpm,
cooling water temperature ranged from 10 to 60 oC (corresponding degree of subcooling 40-90 K) and flow rate ranged
from 6 to 23 L/min. Surface temperature and surface heat flux on the rotating cylinder were estimated from two sheath
thermocouples embedded at two depths from the outer surface with one dimensional inverse heat conduction analysis.
Visual observations over the top surface were done with two normal speed video cameras which were synchronized with
rotating cylinder temperature recording. The observation results show that unstable wetted area was gradually growing
from the stagnation area and finally the wetted area became continuous around the circumference of the cylinder. It
was found that the growth and shape of the wetted area were strongly affected by the liquid temperature and the liquid
flow rate. Wetted front which is the boundary between wetted and dry areas repeated advance and recession. Since the
wetting area propagated faster in the rotational direction, the shape of the wetted area was asymmetry on the hot
surface. The liquid film flow was completely splashed out due to violent nucleate boiling on the wetted front line. The
characteristics of local transient heat transfer were evaluated with boiling curves taken around the stagnation point.
The boiling curves indicated shift to much higher wall superheat as compared with a steady state pool boiling curve
and those were categorized into three regions such as 1) single phase heat transfer, boiling heat transfer and 3) transition
boiling by inspecting gradient of the boiling curves and the observation of the boiling situations. The transition boiling
region disappeared and the single phase heat transfer became dominant for higher subcooling and higher flow rate
conditions.
Keywords: Lamilar jet; Transient transition boiling; Wetting phenomenon;Quenching

Page | 110

13.4
D esign and analysis of feedstock m ixing m echanism for m icro
m etal injection m oulding
A. A. Abdullahi, I. A. Choudhury, A. Hossain, M. Azuddin
Manufacturing Systems Integration, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

A bstract
The need for homogeneous metal powder and binder mixing is paramount in injection moulding process as it affect
product quality significantly. However available commercial feedstocks may not be suitable especially for production of
micro parts with high aspect ratio. Therefore, this research proposes a new mixer design that incorporate mixing and
granulation of the feedstock for components production at micro level. Also metal powder/ binder flow in the mixing
chamber is investigated. The design specifications and simulation were based on powder loading, powder size and shape,
binder formulation, sequence of material addition, mixing time, temperature and shear rate with finite element analysis.
The simulation results show a favourable and visible design anticipation of the mixing mechanism and mixed feedstock.
Conclusively development of this design will enhance micro metal moulding productivity and improve production cycle
time.
Keywords: feedstock; design; mixing mechanism; micro parts; micro metal; injection moulding; flow analysis

13.5
Therm al Investigation of V ortex G enerated G reen C oolant on
Surface Texture for D rilling P rocess
Anayet U. Patwaria, M. A. Habiba, Md. S.I. Chowdhurya, Rana Md. Hassnain
Akrama
aDept.

Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Bangladesh

A bstract
High material removal rate, better surface finish and low tool wear are the major needs in different machining processes.
Moreover, in order to fulfill those requirements researchers need to focus not only on the quality but also on the
ecofriendly nature of machining. Now-a-days, environmental safety takes the foremost priority to industries and people
in general. For this reason, this paper attempts in effectively applying vortex generated green coolant for CNC drilling
process utilizing an eco-friendly system. In this study, vortex generated cold air were used as green coolant for CNC
drilling process and compared with standard liquid coolant and dry condition. In order to investigate the effectiveness
of the green coolant different machining conditions were used to get a better surface finish. It has been observed that
the vortex generate green coolant shows better surface finish for different range of cutting conditions with respect to
both standard liquid coolant and dry condition. At the same time, this process is environment friendly and economic
as well.
Keywords: CNC Drilling; Vortex tube; Coolant; Surface roughness

Page | 111

13.6
Effect of Quenching M edium on H ardness of C arburized Low
C arbon Steel for M anufacturing of Spindle U sed in Spinning M ill
Md. Arefin Kowser*, Md. Abdul Motalleb**
*Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur,
Country: Bangladesh
Email: nadimduet@yahoo.com
** Post-Graduate student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur
Country: Bangladesh
Email: abdul.motalleb@gmail.com

A bstract
Heating or cooling of a metal can change its microstructure, which causes variations in the mechanical and physical
properties and affects the behavior of the metal in processing and operation. By using the heat treatment, metal
properties can be improved for the application in engineering fields. There are different spare parts used for different
purposes collected from foreign countries in Spinning Mills available machine in Bangladesh. Spindle is an important
part of spinning mills. The locally available raw materials are low carbon steel from which spindle can be made through
property development by heat treatment. But to achieve the desire hardness and strength it is difficult to get the spindle
without bending in heat treatment due to the length of spindle is too high to its diameter. Time and temperature of
carburizing, quenching is the very sensitive issue to get a sound job with desire properties. In this research, quenching
temperature, time and medium was considering in heat treatment process. Finally the spindle was prepared through
heat treatment with desired properties comprising in a practical field of spinning mill. All the process was explained
clearly for the preparation of spindle for spinning mill from locally available low carbon steel.
Keywords: Spindle, Pack Carburizing, Quenching, Tempering, Martensite, Rockwell Hardness Test, Microstructure;

Page | 112

Page | 113

14.1
C haracterization of C arbon Fiber R einforced Epoxy C om posites
M odified w ith N anoclay and C arbon N anotubes
Md Ekramul Islam, Tanjheel H. Mahdi, Mahesh V. Hosur, Shaik Jeelani
Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tuskegee Univerity, Tuskegee, Alabama-36088, USA

A bstract
Fiber reinforced polymer composites show significantly superior performance over many traditional metallic materials
because of their superior strength to weight ratio and higher stiffness. Enhancement of properties of FRP composites
can be possible by the modification of matrix properties. Significant development in the use of nanoparticles for
modification of epoxy matrix has led to improved mechanical properties of the FRP composites. In this study, carbon
fiber reinforced epoxy composites were modified with 2 wt.% Montmorillonite nanoclay and 0.3 wt.% multi-walled
carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). 3 point bending test, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and low velocity impact
test (LVI) were conducted for characterizing modified samples. Results obtained from these experiments were compared
with unmodified carbon/epoxy composites. Reinforcement with nanoparticles was found to significantly improve the
mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites.
Keywords: Polymer composites; nanoparticles; MWCNTs, Nanoclya; Mechancial characterization

14.2
Strain energy release rate and m ode -I delam ination grow th in
carbon-graphene/epoxy hybrid nanocom posites
David A. Hawkins Jr.a and Anwarul Haquea*
aThe

University of Alabama, 245 7th Avenue, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA

A bstract
The influence of graphene reinforcement in strain energy release rate (GIC) and Mode-I delamination growth in carbongraphene/epoxy (CG-Ep) hybrid nanocomposites have been studied using the double cantilever beam (DCB) test. The
specimens of carbon/epoxy (C-Ep) and CG-Ep nanocomposites were manufactured using vacuum assisted manual layup method. DCB tests were conducted in a displacement controlled mode to achieve stable delamination growth under
static loading. At the onset of delamination growth, the load (Pcr) and the total opening displacement (cr) were
recorded. The total compliance of the DCB specimen was obtained using, C = /P. Pcr and cr are recorded as a
function of the delamination length (a). Plots of critical loads and compliances as a function of the delamination size
were used in computing GIC, the Mode-I critical strain energy release rate. The delaminated zone was studied through
fractographic examinations and surface roughness measurement. The results show improved GIC of CG-Ep
nanocomposites in comparison to traditional C-Ep composites. The fractured surface of CG-Ep shows undulated surface
with increased roughness which possibly contributed in crack deflection mechanisms.
Keywords: Strain energy release rate; delamination growth; nanocomposites; graphene nanoparticles; double cantilever
beam;

Page | 114

14.3
P ressure distributions and forces on hexagonal cylinder
Kapil Ghosha, Md. Quamrul Islama, Mohammad Alia
a

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology(BUET),Dhaka-1000,Bangladesh

A bstract
In this research work, an experimental investigation of wind effect on hexagonal cylinder was carried out. The study
was performed on the single cylinder. The test was conducted in an open circuit wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of
4.22 x 104 based on the face width of the cylinder across the flow direction in a uniform flow velocity of 13.5 m/s. The
test was carried out at various angles of attack from 0 to 50 at a step of 10. The surface static pressures at the
different locations of the cylinder were measured with the help of inclined multi-manometers. The wind velocity was
kept constant at 13.5 m/s. The pressure coefficients were calculated from the measured values of the surface static
pressure distribution on the cylinder. Later the drag and lift coefficients were obtained from the pressure coefficients by
the numerical integration method. The results will enable the engineers and architects to design buildings more
efficiently. Since the results will be expressed in the non-dimensional form they may be applied for the prototype
building.
Keywords: Drag coefficient; Lift coefficient; Hexagonal cylinder; Pressure distribution; Wind load.

14.4
D ecolorization of M ethyl Orange U sing M ill Scale by P hoto Fenton R eaction
Sanjidah Akter Urmi, ASW Kurny & Fahmida Gulshan*
Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
Dhaka, Bangladesh

A bstract
The textile dyeing industries generate large amount of effluents, sewage sludge and solid waste materials everyday which
are being directly discharged into the surrounding channel, agricultural fields, irrigation channels, surface water and
these finally enter into river. The presence of dyes in surface and subsurface water is making them not only aesthetically
objectionable but also causes many water borne diseases. Various options have been being employed to treat such
wastes. These include chemical treatment such as chlorination and ozonation, electrochemical treatment, physical
treatment such as adsorption by activated carbon and membranes, biological treatment and advanced oxidation
processes (AOPs). AOPs have attracted wide interests in wastewater treatment. AOPs are based on the generation of
hydroxyl radicals in water, which are highly reactive and next on Selective oxidants being able to oxidize organic
compounds particularly unsaturated organic compounds such as azo dyes. Among AOPs, two of the most important
processes to generate hydroxyl radicals are using the photo-Fenton and photoferioxalate (Fe2+/H2O2/UV and
Fe2+/OA/UV) systems. In the present study, the aqueous solution of Methyl Orange (MO), a model organic dye has
been subjected to photocatalytic degradation by UV irradiation in presence of mill scale (iron oxide, solid waste
generated in steel plants) containing different concentrations of H2O2 employing photo-Fenton process. The effect of
various parameters such as initial mill scale amount, initial hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) concentration & initial dye
concentration on decolorization process has been studied. The experiments were carried out by varying amount of mill
scale (0.01-0.3 g/100 mL), initial concentration of dye (0.01-0.10 mM/100 mL) and hydrogen peroxide concentration
(1-4 mL/100 mL). The optimum mill scale content was found to be 50 mg/100 mL. The degradation rate decreased
with increasing dye concentration.
Keywords: Photo-fenton, Photocatalytic degradation, Methyl Orange.
Page | 115

14.5
Scoping e-portfolios to engineering and IC T education
Firoz Alam, Harun Chowdhury*, Alex Kootsookos and Roger Hadgraft
School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia

A bstract
E-portfolios are progressively becoming a key means for students to integrate their learning across the entire length of
their program. However, the application of e-portfolios in engineering and ICT programs has been generally isolated to
a few courses in each program, if at all. This paper summarises the use of e-portfolios to document student learning.
Other aspects of the paper include the need for connections to curriculum mapping tools, e-portfolio software platforms,
integration of outcomes through the curriculum, professional placements in industry, final year projects, etc.
Keywords: e-portfolio; standards; accreditation; program learning outcomes; competencies.

14.6
Experim ental investigation on friction coefficient of com posite
m aterials sliding against SS 201 and SS 301 counterfaces
Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzamana, Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhuryb,
Md. Mostafizur Rahmanb, Md. Arefin Kowserb and Biplov Kumar Royb
aFaculty
bDepartment

of Manufacturing Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Malaysia

of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology (DUET), Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh

A bstract
In this research, friction coefficients of composite materials such as gear fiber reinforced plastic (gear fiber) and glass
fiber reinforced plastic (glass fiber) are investigated and compared. In the experiments, gear fiber and glass fiber slide
against different austenitic stainless steels such as stainless steel 201 (SS 201) and stainless steel 301 (SS 301).
Experiments are carried out at low loads 2, 4 and 6 N, low sliding velocities 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 m/s and relative humidity
70%. The obtained results reveal that in general, friction coefficient of gear fiber and glass fiber increases with the
increase in normal load and sliding velocity. Results show that friction coefficient of glass fiber-SS 201 pair is the highest
and gear fiber-SS 301 pair is the lowest within the observed range of normal load and sliding velocity. On the other
hand, it is found that friction coefficient of glass fiber-SS 301 pair is slightly higher than that of gear fiber-SS 201 pair.
During the running-in process, friction coefficient of gear fiber and glass fiber steadily increases with the increase in
rubbing time and after certain duration of rubbing, it remains constant regardless of the counterface material. The
obtained results reveal that for the observed range, the influence of normal load on the frictional properties of gear fibe
and glass fiber is greater than that of sliding velocity. At identical operating conditions, the magnitudes of friction
coefficient of gear fiber and glass fiber are different depending on normal load, sliding velocity and counterface material.
Keywords: Friction coefficient; gear fiber; glass fiber; SS 201; SS 301; normal load; sliding velocity; running-in process

Page | 116

14.7
A Study on Therm o-C atalytic D egradation for P roduction of
C lean Transport Fuel and R educing P lastic W astes
M. A. Hazrata,, M. G. Rasula, M. M. K. Khana
aSchool

of Engineering & Technology, Central Queensland University

North Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia

A bstract
Both the landfilling and incineration processes of plastic waste management system are identified as sources of pollutant
gas emitters. Reprocessing is also uneconomical in comparison to the virgin plastic products in terms of commercial
values due to polymeric contamination. This article studies the thermo-catalytic conversion processes waste plastics.
The reaction conditions and the quantification of types of catalysts used for the conversion processes influenced the
quality of the resultant hydrocarbons. Obtaining higher yield of conversion and transport grade fuel require more
investigation to adapt this technical process as one of the effective alternative resources for fuel production. Thermocatalytic process resolves the problem of halogen contents in the PVC type plastics by converting them into residues
with the use of NaHCO3 and AgNO3 which capture chlorine type products from the gaseous hydrocarbons. Addition
of catalysts in the convenient reactor reduces the requirement of higher temperature operations like thermal cracking
processes and produces more liquefied products. It has been observed that, the aromatic plastic contents should be
observed during the conversion process to obtain fuels based on allowable aromatic contents according to the fuel
standards and emission regulations implemented in respective regions. The temperature of the process need to be
controlled as per the boiling points of the mixture contents to avoid formation of vapor in the reactor which could
causes sticky adherence to the reactor walls. A continuous liquid fractionating distillation process can reduce the
formation of light gases in the yield. It was also found that the mixture of LDPE, HDPE, PP and PS yield 87.19% fuel
with 20 wt% ZnO catalyst at 200 400 C in a steel reactor. These fuels can be used directly in the automotive engines
or can be retreated in the refineries to divide into gasoline and diesel fuels as per carbon chains. Since the plastic
feedstocks do not contain any sulfur components the produced fuel can be treated as clean enough. Thus the fuels
produced from this process can be considered as one of the potential alternative resources of fuel production resulting
into an effective reduction of plastic wastes in a country.
Keywords: plastic waste management; alternative fuel; pyrolysis; catalytic cracking; thermocatalytic cracking;
incineration; plastic recycling

14.8
Selection of Softw are for M echanical Engineering U ndergraduates
C.T. Cheah (Australia), C. S. Yin (Australia), T Halim (Australia), Aaron
Blicblau (Australia)
A bstract
With the growing complexity of engineering problems and advancement of computer hardware, computational skills
have become a necessary tool for engineers. Despite the importance of computational skills, not all the subjects in
mechanical engineering curriculum at our university are integrated with computational skills. In some subjects where
computati have a long learning curve and not used consistently throughout the curriculum. The current software
packages that are being used are one of the best in their respective categories. Even though these software packages are
robust, they are not user-friendly, time consuming and are more suitable for postgraduate research level rather than
undergraduate studies.
Keywords: Software packages, computational analysis, student learning

Page | 117

Page | 118

15.1
C haracteristics of pulsatile blood flow through 3 -D geom etry of
arterial stenosis
Khairuzzaman Mamuna, Most. Nasrin Akhtera , Md. Sirazul Hoque Mollaha
Md. Abu Naim Sheikha, Mohammad Alib
aDepartment
bDepartment

of Mathematics, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh.

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

A bstract
A numerical simulation is carried out to demonstrate the significant changes of flow behaviour for two different severities
of arterial stenosis. Two stenosis level of 65% and 85% are considered by area. The blood is considered as flowing fluid
and assumed to be incompressible, homogeneous and Newtonian, while artery is assumed to be a rigid wall. The transient
analysis is performed using ANSYS-14.5. The flow pattern, wall shear stress (WSS), pressure contours, and Centre-line
velocity distribution are observed at early-systole, peak-systole and diastole for better understanding of arterial disease.
Wall Share Stress distribution shows that as severity increases, sharing of flow also increases for all cases. Thus
maximum stress is exerted in throat region at peak systole. The pressure distribution demonstrates that at all cases
85% stenotic artery creates more force than 65% stenotic artery at their pre-stenotic region. Interestingly, a recirculation
region is visible at the post stenotic region in 85% stenotic artery for all cases and recirculation region increases with
the decrease of the inlet flow velocity. Analysis indicates that the significant flow changes happen in the post stenotic
region.
Keywords: Stenosis; pulsatile flow; recirculation region; wall shear stress.

15.2
Effect of R eynolds N um ber on the P rogression of A ortic
A neurysm
Somnath Chakrabarti (India), Anup Kumar Guchait (India)

A bstract
An aneurysm is a localized, permanent enlargement (dilation) of the blood vessels more than 1.5 times of the normal
size. It is a cardiovascular health disease that occurs when the aorta becomes weak. The gravity of aneurysm and the
risk of rupture depend on a complex interplay between hemodynamic stresses and biochemical reactions occurring inside
the arterial wall which are affected by blood flow patterns. The Reynolds number (Re) of the flow may be considered
to be one of the important factors which can affect the flow patterns in aneurismal artery. So, the flow characteristic
of the blood passing through an aneurismal artery may have some significant effects on the initiation and progression
of the disease. Therefore, in this work, effects of important hemodynamic parameters like streamline contour,
recirculating bubbles, wall shear stress (WSS) and maximum wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) in the configuration of
aneurismal artery have been investigated with the variation of Re ranging from 100 to 400, for an aspect ratio of 2.5
and dilation of 2.5. CFD software GAMBIT 2.3.16 and FLUENT 6.3.26 have been used to predict the flow
characteristics of blood passing through rigid, axisymmetric aortic aneurismal artery. The flow has been assumed to be
steady, two dimensional and laminar. The fluid has been considered to be Newtonian and incompressible. From the
study, it has been revealed that the size of the recirculating bubble is increasing with Re. This condition may promote
thrombus formation inside the aneurysm cavity. Regarding the WSS, it is observed that the WSS decreases rapidly to
zero at the separation point, and maintained a negative value along the aneurysm. Then, the WSS rises sharply to a
peak value at the reattachment point. It is also noted that the magnitudes of negative WSS decreases and of peak WSS
Page | 119

increases with Re. A maximum WSSG has been also found at the distal end, which increases with Re. The elevated
level of WSS may lead to damage of endothelium layer of the distal aneurysm wall. Due to low WSS, the platelets may
lead to a prolonged contact with the wall, promoting adhesion to the wall. From this research, it may be concluded
that the flow characteristic of the blood passing through an aneurismal artery have some significant impacts on the
disease aneurysm. If aneurysm grows without treatment, the bulge progresses and finally, the rupture of the artery may
occur. A ruptured aneurysm can lead to uncontrolled bleeding, causing the possible death of the victim.
Keywords: Aortic aneurysm, Computational fluid dynamics, Streamline contour, Wall shear stress, Wall shear stress
gradient

15.3
Study of P hysiological Flow Through an A bdom inal A ortic
A neurysm
Md. Sohel Ranaa, Md. Fazlay Rubbya, A.B.M. Toufique Hasana,*, A.K.M. Sadrul
Islamb
a Department
b

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic Institute of Technology (IUT), Boad Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh
*toufiquehasan@me.buet.ac.bd

A bstract
Pulsatile flow in an axisymmetric rigid-walled model of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has been analyzed
numerically. Physiologically realistic waveform which include Reynolds number between 97 to 407 is used as pulsatile
inflow. A finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations for two dimensional, unsteady, laminar flow of
an incompressible fluid. Comparisons with previously published work were performed and found to be in excellent
agreement. The flow pattern is analyzed by streamline, axial velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), Wall shear stress
gradient, wall pressure, and pressure gradient. Results are observed at five different times, such as maximum systolic
acceleration (point A), maximum systolic velocity (point B), maximum systolic deceleration (point C), minimum systolic
velocity (point D) and maximum diastolic velocity (point E). At point D and point E vortex is generated near the
centre of aneurysm. Centre of vortex moves towards the downstream as the percentage of dilation increases. Wall shear
stress (WSS) becomes maximum at point B, and static pressure becomes maximum at point C. Results showed that
the percentage increase of aneurysm size increases the maximum value of time average wall shear stress (TAWSS), time
average pressure (TAP), time average wall shear stress gradient (TAWSSG), time average pressure gradient (TAPG),
Oscillating shear index (OSI) becomes higher. These results have significant implications in clinical applications.

Page | 120

15.4
H em odynam ics of P hysiological B lood Flow through a D ouble
Stenosed A rtery
Md. Fazlay Rubby, Md. Sohel Rana and A.B.M. Toufique Hasan*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
*toufiquehasan@me.buet.ac.bd

A B STR A C T
A numerical analysis of physiological blood flow in a rigid artery has been performed to observe the variation in flow
pattern and hemodynamic parameters under the influence of double stenoses. A finite volume method has been employed
to solve the governing equations for the two dimensional, unsteady, laminar flow of an incompressible and Newtonian
fluid. The dynamics of flow feature have been studied by wall pressure, streamline contour, wall shear stress and axial
velocity distribution for all models. Besides, for unsteadiness of velocity profile time average wall pressure and time
average wall shear stress have been studied. The interspacing distance between two stenosis and the degree of stenosis
severity have been varied. The pulsatile flow pattern used in the investigation has a Reynolds number range of 177 to
742. Flow parameters have been observed in five distinguished point in the velocity profile. It is observed that maximum
pressure loss occurs at the point of maximum systolic velocity and minimum pressure loss occurs at minimum systolic
velocity. Pressure loss increases with increasing stenosis severity and at low stenosis severity pressure loss increases with
increasing inter spacing distance. Wall shear stress becomes maximum at maximum systolic velocity and does not
change significantly with the change of interspacing distance at the region of first stenosis. But wall shear stress strongly
influenced by the change of stenosis severity. It is found that axial velocity magnitude becomes maximum at maximum
systolic velocity and maximum systolic de-acceleration. It is also found that axial velocity increases with increasing
stenosis severity. Time average wall shear stress and time average wall pressure shows no significant change with
increasing interspacing distance. But they tends to increase with increasing stenosis severity. Streamline contour shows
that comparatively more vortex created at maximum systolic velocity and maximum systolic de-acceleration.

15.5
Flow C haracteristics in an Eccentric A rterial Stenosis w ith
V ariable P ulsatile Flow W ave Form s
Md. Rezwanul Haquea, A.B.M Toufique Hasana,*, and A.K.M. Sadrul Islamb
a Department
b

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic Institute of Technology (IUT), Boad Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh
*toufiquehasan@me.buet.ac.bd

A bstract
A numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the effect of variation of pulsation on the flow behavior through an
arterial stenosis. A semicircular eccentric stenosis is considered which is more relevant in cardiovascular system rather
than symmetric one. The degree of stenosis has been considered as 50%. The Reynolds number is varied from 200 to
970 during the pulsation while the Womersley number has been kept constant at 7.1 for the time period of 0.7s. Results
show significant variation of flow behavior due to the variation of pulsatile flow wave forms. Moreover vortex rings are
developed asymmetrically and the post stenotic areas are severely affected by the vortex rings and a significant variation
of wall shear stress has been observed.
Key words: Pulsatile flow, Stenosis, Wall shear stress.

Page | 121

15.6
Effect of pulse period on the developm ent of secondary flow
through a S-shaped curved channel
Arif Abdullah Rokoni, A.B.M. Toufique Hasan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
A three-dimensional computational analysis has been carried out to investigate the pulsatile flow through a S-shaped
curved channel which is relevant in biological systems. The numerical study is performed using Reynolds-averaged
Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation. Validation for the present study was performed using unsteady pulsatile conditions
through a simple 90o bend channel. Then the analysis has been extended for a S-shaped curved pipe channel at Reynolds
number of 600 and the time period of pulsation was varied from 5s to 25s. The temporal and spatial distribution of flow
variables such as secondary flow vectors, strength of secondary flow, axial velocity distribution and wall shear stress
have been analysed. The secondary flow streamline patterns at different planes for different time periods have
distinguished the effect of time period on the secondary flow. Two counter rotating vortices, in addition to the initial
vortex have been found in the second bend for different time periods of pulsatile cycle. Fluctuation of wall shear stress
has been observed for different time periods and the position of maximum fluctuation has also been identified. Time
average wall shear stress has been found to decrease with time periods from 5s to 25s.
Keywords:Pulsatile flow; secondary flow; vortex; CFD.

15.7
B lood Flow D ynam ics in C erebral A neurysm - A C FD Sim ulation
Shamiul Sarkar Shishir (Bangladesh), Md. Abdul Karim Miah (Bangladesh), A K
M Sadrul Islam (Bangladesh), A B M Toufique Hasan (Bangladesh)

A bstract
In the present study, the dynamics of blood flow in saccular cerebral aneurysms is investigated. The aneurysm is
considered to be located at an arterial bend in human vascular system. The flow field is analyzed computationally by
three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for laminar flow of incompressible Newtonian fluid. Circular and elliptical
necks of different sizes along with different dimensions of aneurysm dome are studied. The vascular wall is considered
rigid for simplicity. Hemodynamic parameters such as streamlines, velocity, vortices, wall shear stress and so on are
considered for characterization of flow field. Results showed that the vortex location, stagnation zones and so on are
varied significantly with the geometrical parameter of the aneurysm.
Keywords: Aneurysm, Blood Flow, CFD.

Page | 122

Page | 123

16.1
A com putational fluid -structure interaction technique to observe
the quenching characteristics of a steel part
Pratik Sarker, Uttam K. Chakravarty
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, USA

A bstract
It is a common practice for steel parts to be subjected to industrial quenching processes for improving certain material
properties. Machine components made of steel are widely used in heavily loaded mechanisms where they have to
withstand high dynamic torsional, compressive, and repetitive reverse stresses. Subsequently, they need to be quenched
to have better strength to resist failure. However, quenching generates some residual stress and deformation in the steel
part which depend more on the microstructures and properties of steel governed by rapid temperature fluctuations in
quenching. Therefore, to simulate the realistic quenching process computationally; a three-dimensional fluid-structure
interaction model is developed for a steel part having temperature-varying properties with two liquid quenchants. The
time-varying nodal temperature distribution in the part is observed and the critical regions are identified. The behavior
of the residual stress and deformation are analyzed at a particular point and along particular pathways in the part. The
convergence of the model is checked and validation of the model is done.
Keywords: Quenching, temperature-varying properties, fluid-structure interaction, temperature distribution, residual
stress, deformation.

16.2
P rocessing and M echanical C haracterization of G raded and N on graded N anoclay C om posites
Shoumya Nandy Shuvoa, Kazi Md. Shorowordib
aPostgraduate
bAssistant

Student, BUET, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Professor, BUET, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
In this research, nanoclay reinforced polyester nanocomposites were developed with a semi-commercial process. Two
types of nanoclays viz. graded and non-graded nanoclay were used as reinforcements. Each of the nanoclay was added
1 wt. % in polyester separately and the effects of the addition of nanoclay on the polyester were studied by mechanical
characterization. Tensile and flexural strength were measured by using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Hardness
of the developed nanocomposites was measured by a Shore Hardness Tester. The fracture surfaces were investigated by
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It is found that the modulus and strength of graded nanoclay reinforced
nanocomposite is higher than that of the unreinforced polyester and non-graded nanoclay reinforced nanocomposite.
The flexural strength is also found to be higher in the graded nanoclay composites as compared to the unreinforced
polyester and non-graded nanoclay reinforced nanocomposite. The hardness of unreinforced polyester and both the
nanocomposites are almost same. The fracture morphology of the unreinforced polyester and reinforced nanocomposites
and its correlation with mechanical properties are also discussed.
Keywords: Nanocomposite; Nanoclay; Tensile property; Flexural strength; Fracture morphology.

Page | 124

16.3
P rocessing and Perform ance Evaluation of A m ine Functionalized
G raphene N anoplatelet (G N P ) R einforced Epoxy C om posite
Md Mahmudur R. Chowdhurya, Mohammad K. Hossaina, *, Mahesh Hosurb,
Shaik Jeelanib, Nydeia W Boldenc.
aDepartment
bDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA

of Materials science and Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA

cAir

Force Research Laboratory Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542

A bstract
A systematic study has been conducted on the processing and characterizing the epoxy polymer composite with
enhanced properties through the optimization of the graphene nanoplatelet (GNP). This extensive research has been
focused on the reinforcing effect of the GNP and amine functionalization effect of the GNP on mechanical, viscoelastic,
and thermal properties of the epoxy resin-EPON 828 composite. Amine functionalized GNPs were infused in EPON 828
at different loadings including 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 wt% as reinforcing agent. GNPs were infused into Epon 828
resin using a mechanical stirrer followed by a high intensity ultrasonic liquid processor for better dispersion. After the
sonication, the mixture was placed in a three roll milling processor for 3 successive cycles at 140 rpm, with the gap
spacings incrementally reduced from 20 to 5 m, to obtain the uniform dispersion and proper exfoliation of GNP
throughout the resin. Epikure 3223 curing agent was then added to the modified resin and mixed using a high-speed
mechanical stirrer. The reinforcing effect of the amine functioanalized GNP on the epoxy was characterized through
mechanical, viscoelastic, and thermal analyses. The mechanical properties were determined through flexure test
according to the ASTM standard. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed to analyze the viscoelastic and
thermal performances of the composite. In all cases, the 0.4 wt% GNP infused epoxy nanocomposite exhibited the best
properties. The 0.4 wt% GNP-loaded epoxy sample showed 20% and 40% improvement in flexure strength and modulus,
respectively. Moreover, 16% improvement in the storage modulus and 37% decrease in the coefficient of thermal
expansion were observed for the GNP reinforcement. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) micrographs exhibit smooth
fracture surface for the neat sample, whereas the roughness of surface increases due to the GNP incorporation. This is
the indication of the change in the crack propagation.
Keywords: Graphene Nanoplatele; Mechanical properties; Viscoelastic properties; Amino functionalized; DMA; TMA.

Page | 125

16.4
P hysical, M echanical and Therm al P roperties of Jute and
B am boo Fiber R einforced U nidirectional Epoxy C om posites
Subhankar Biswasa,b, Sweety Shahinura,c*, Mahbub Hasana and Qumrul Ahsana,d
aDepartment

of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

bDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive,
Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
cBangladesh

dDepartment

Jute Research Institute, Mania Mia Avenue, Dhaka, Bangladesh

of Engineering Materials, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian
Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

A bstract
A detailed investigation of physical, mechanical and thermal properties of jute and bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy resin
unidirectional void free composites was carried out. The composites were prepared by using vacuum technique. Scanning
electron microscopic analysis, tensile and flexural testing and thermogravimetric analysis were performed in order to
evaluate surface morphology, mechanical properties and thermal behavior of the unidirectional composites respectively.
The relationship between theoretical and experimental values was figured out using rules of mixture. The analytical
results showed good agreement with the experimental results. Comparing jute and bamboo fiber reinforced unidirectional
composites, it is observed that bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites showed good results in terms of tensile
strength, while jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites had higher Youngs modulus values. Bamboo fiber reinforced
epoxy composites showed good flexure strength in the longitudinal distribution. On the other hand, jute fiber reinforced
epoxy composited had better flexural strength with transverse fiber distribution in the composites. Fiber distribution
was not uniform for both bamboo and jute fiber reinforced unidirectional epoxy composites. Scanning electron
microscopic analysis showed that morphological changes took place depending on the fiber orientation in epoxy
composites. It is also observed from thermogravimetric analysis that jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites had better
thermal behavior compared to bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites.
Keywords: Natural Fiber; Unidirectional Composites; Tensile Properties; Flexural Properties; SEM; TGA

16.5
Tem perature D ependent M echanical B ehavior of a Locally
R estrained G raphite -A lum inum Lam inated P late under B i-axial
Loading
Partha Modak, S. Reaz Ahmed
Department ofMechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University ofEngineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
Temperature-dependent mechanical behavior of a locally restrained metal-matrix composite plate is investigated under
uniform bi-axial compression. Thin rectangular plates of angle-ply and cross-ply laminate composed of GraphiteAluminum composite are considered for the analysis. The plates are assumed to be locally restrained at their corner
regions. Temperature-dependent me-chanical properties of the metal-matrix composite are used in the displacementpotential analysis of the elastic response. Results of deformed shapes as well as stress distributions are demonstrated as
a function of temperature and fiber-orientation of the laminate. ~c 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords: Mechanical behavior; Gr-Al laminate; bi-axial loading; temperature; fiber orientation; displacement potential
Page | 126

16.6
The Effect of N anoparticles and A lternative M onom er on the
Exotherm ic Tem perature of P M M A B one C em ent
Morshed Khandaker and Zhaotong Meng
University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma 73034, USA

A bstract
Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement produce exothermic reaction during its polymerization process, which
damage the surrounding bone tissue during orthopedic surgery. Nanoparticles additives (magnesium oxide,
hydroxyapatite, chitosan, barium sulfate and silica) and alternative monomers (glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) trimethaxysilyl propyl methacrylate (3MPMA)), can be incorporated with the PMMA beads and methyl methacrylate
(MMA) monomers, respectively, to reduce the exothermic temperature. A comparative study of the addition of these
additives and monomer at different concentration on exothermic temperature of PMMA is not known and significant
for designing improved PMMA cement for orthopedic applications. The goal of this study is two folds: (1) to evaluate
the effect of the inclusion of the above additives with PMMA on the exothermic temperature of PMMA, (2) to evaluate
the effect of the inclusion of the above alternative monomers on the exothermic temperature of PMMA. A commercial
bone cement was used in this study as PMMA cement. Two wt% and six wt% of the above nanoparticle were mixed
with PMMA beads. Two and six wt% of the above alterative monomers were mixed with MMA monomers. Bead and
monomer ratio of 2:1 was maintained to prepare the cement samples. A 4-channel thermocouple was used to determine
the temperature changes of the samples in an insulated acrylic mold during the curing period. This study found
maximum curing temperature on the 2 wt% Magnesium oxide added PMMA specimen was significantly lower than
other samples. Addition of 3MPMA and GMA to MMA decreased the maximum curing temperatures and curing time
of specimens compared to other samples.
Keywords: PMMA; Bone cement; Exothermic Temperature; Additives; Nanoparticles, Orthopedics.

Page | 127

Page | 128

17.1
D esign and Fabrication of a P roposed Ocean W ave Energy
C onversion System w ith the A nalysis of Structural Stability
Md. Arefin Kowser*a, Md. Tarequl Islama, Tapan Bihari Chakmaa, Md. Giyas
Uddina
*a

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh

A bstract
In this paper, the design of a newly proposed ocean wave energy conversion system as well as the fabrication of
experimental set-up of proposed system has been presented. This design is focused on the velocity of wave which will
be able to capture energy from wave as a thrust force and this force will be used to the conversion of electrical energy
as per design presented. Velocity, Frequency, intensity of wave has been varied so the intensity of force also varied that
make a bad effect in the structure of the system. A simulation based structural analysis and determination of factor of
safety also presented.
Keywords: Renewable Energ; Ocean Wave; Stability of structural; Energy Conversion;

17.2
P erform ance analysis of a solar flat plate collector used for w inter
air condition ing by C om putational Fluid D ynam ics (C FD )
sim ulation
Adib Bin Rashida
aDepartment

of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering

Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Dhaka, Bangladesh

A bstract
Simulation is an important tool for design and operation control. For the designer of a solar heating system, simulation
makes it possible to find the optimum design and operating parameters. Solar flat plate collectors are commonly used
for domestic and industrial purposes and have the largest commercial application amongst the various solar collectors.
This is mainly due to simple design as well as low maintenance cost. Here the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
tool has been used to simulate the solar collector for better understanding of the heat transfer capability of solar air
heater. 3D model of the collector involving air inlet, absorber plate, and glass cover plate is modelled and assembled
by Solidworks and the unstructured grid was created in ANSYS Workbench meshing tool. The results were obtained
by using ANSYS FLUENT software. The objective of this work is to compare experimentally measured work done with
the work done by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool with respect to flow and temperature distribution
inside the solar collector. Its found a good similarity between the measured results.
Keywords: Solar air heater, flat plate collector, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), ANSYS FLUENT

Page | 129

17.3
A utom atic prevention m odel for vehicle fuel theft
Rubayat Islama, Muntasir Alama, Irfan Ahmeda and A.K. Azadb
aDepartment

bSchool

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 100, Bangladesh

of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia

A bstract
The discovery of automobile vehicles is the blessing to human being from engineering and science. The uses of automobile
are increasing day-by-day as a transport vehicle. The majority of the transport vehicles are powered by traditional
petroleum fuel such as gasoline, octane, diesel etc. The price of these transport fuels are also increasing worldwide and
the high oil price becomes a factor of concern for civilization. From this point of view, advanced security system should
be ensured for the fuel safety. The objective of this article is to describe the automatic prevention of fuel theft. An
experimental study has been made by suing ultrasonic sensor to measure the fuel flow rate by measuring the distance
of fuel level with respect to time. When the fuel flow rate or fuel consumption rate becomes more than usual rate or
fuel level falls drastically then the sensor is activated and sends a signal. After receiving the signal the GSM module
sends a message to a specific number instantly by indicating that something is unusual so that one can immediately go
into inspection. It has been found that it is a very low cost technology and it can also be implemented not only for
vehicles but also in those sectors where liquid petroleum fuels are used such as power plant industries.
Keywords: Ultrasonic sensor; transport vehicle; transport fuel; fuel theft; GSM module.

17.4
Effect of Tem perature on Torsional M odulus of R igidity of
N eoprene R ubber by M eans of a To rsion Tester
Tawsif Ahmed, Dr. Md. Abdus Salam Akanda
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

A bstract
In todays world of modern science and technology, there has been an enormous global interest on developing scientific
methods to unveil the properties associated with various rubber materials that can be easily found around us. The main
objective has been to accomplish substantial expertise in accessing these materials with a view to understanding their
practical usability as engineering materials in various purposes. This paper, however, illustrates various findings
obtained while pursuing a strong study on neoprene rubber. Neoprene rubber was taken as a strip and considered as a
wire with two ends fixed on support was allowed to twist under torsion. Thereby, apparent modulus of rigidity was
obtained by mathematical manipulation. However, the same procedure was followed for different neoprene rubber with
different ash content. For different ash content similar graphs were drawn which clearly demonstrates the variation of
torsional rigidity with temperature. Furthermore calculation of apparent modulus of rigidity of neoprene rubber with
different ash content led to some concrete findings regarding the behavior of neoprene rubber under different
temperature.
Keywords: Neoprene rubber; torsion tester; modulus of elasticity; ASTM;

Page | 130

17.5
Study on M H D Free C onvection and M ass Transfer Flow past a
V ertical Flat P late
S. Mondal1, M. Z. Islam2, S. F Ahmmed3
1,3
2

Mathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Mathematics and Statistics Dept., Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh

A bstract
In this paper, we discuss two dimension free convection and mass transfer flow of an incompressible, viscous and
electrically conducting fluid past a continuously moving vertical flat plate in the presence of heat source, thermal
diffusion, large suction and under the influence of uniform magnetic field applied normal to the flow is studied
numerically and analytically. In this study we make the governing equations dimensionless by appropriate co-ordinate
transformation. We also consider the effect of heat source parameter and soret number for the above mentioned problem.
Then these dimensionless momentum, energy and concentration equations are solved numerically by using explicit finite
difference technique with the help of a computer programming language Compaq Visual FORTRAN 6.6. The obtained
results of this study have been discussed for the different values of the well know parameter with different time step.
Also the steady case of these problems has been solved analytically. The usual similarity transformations are introduced
to solve the steady momentum, energy and concentration equations. To obtain the solutions of the problem, the ordinary
differential equations are solved using perturbation technique. The expressions for velocity field, temperature
distribution, concentration field, skin friction, rate of heat and mass transfer have been obtained by using Mathematical
programming. The results are discussed in detailed with the help of graphs and tables to observe the effect of different
parameters.
Keywords: MHD, Free Convection, Mass Transfer, Thermal Diffusion.

17.6
Electricity G eneration B ased On B iom ass R esidue: Scope,
R elevance A nd A pplications
Imrul Reza Shishira, Abul Kalam Azadb, Tanjim Ahmedc
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology

bSchool
cDepartment

of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University

of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology.

A bstract
Biomass is one of the prospective sources of renewable energy to produce electricity in different countries in the world.
Bangladesh has more potential for biomass resources for electricity generation. For this reason, it can be considered as
one of the prospective country for bio-energy generation. The objective of this work is to analyze the feasibility of
recovering energy from the major sources of biomass residue in Bangladesh. The agricultural crop residues, industrial
crop wastes and city green wastes etc. is investigated and discussed in this paper. The concept will be contributed
substantially to harness solid waste management system. The review found that the technique can give a new pathway
for waste management and reduce the major disposal problem of biomass residue. The productive use of the waste can
supply the required energy to meet the growing energy demand in Bangladesh.
Keywords: Biomass; waste management; electricity generation; Bio-energy

Page | 131

17.7
Investigation of Stress State near The C rack Tip of C entral
C racks of C opper by N um erical A nalysis
Md. Mahiuddina, Md. Arefin Kowsera*
aAssistant

Professor, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1700, Bangladesh

a*Associate

Professor, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1700, Bangladesh

A bstract
This paper based on fracture problem which is solved by Computer-aided engineering (CAE) system. Main objective of
the numerical simulation is to investigate the stress fields near the crack tip of copper material through determination
of stress intensity factors for different crack lengths. The existence of cracks and defects inside the material of the
structural members is necessary to calculate, since they can lead to an undesired formation of macroscopic cracks. The
danger of macroscopic cracks in terms of the brittle fracture is the possibility of their instability. Thus may occur a
sudden and uncontrollable particle separation of the material through a fracture with the speed nearly propagation of
the elastic waves in the material without need to supply an energy to the process from the outside. The geometrical
model is thick plate (plane strain condition) with symmetric central crack. To compare the results obtained by
numerical method have been calculated by analytical approach also. The results were made the same calculations for
the plane stress conditions of this problem to compare with that of the plane strain condition. This condition simulates
same problem but the plate in this case is taken as thin. Results pattern of the stress intensity factors were identical as
results obtained for plane strain conditions. But the critical value of stress intensity factor is for the plane stress
conditions greater than the value of plain strain condition. If critical value of the stress intensity factor is known for
the used material and the calculated stress intensity factors then can be said whether the crack will be grow or not.
This approach can lead to design very quality, safety and reliable products for end users. From the obtained results, it
can be observed that the numerical results give very close data with the analytical results. Thus the numerical approach
can be used for the solving of a global crack problem with very high accuracy of results. The deviation of numerical
results with the analytical results is obtained within the range of 3.78%.
Keywords: ANSYS; CAE; crack; stress intensity factor; fracture mechanics.

17.8
Finite D ifference Solution of C hem ically R eacting U nsteady
M H D B oundary Layer Flow having Soret and D ufour Effect
Bibhuti Roy, Ariful Islam*
*Mathematics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

A bstract
An electrically conducting, viscous, incompressible boundary layer flow of a continuously moving vertical plate in a
chemically reactive medium has been investigated in the presence of transverse magnetic field, chemical reaction,
thermal radiation and Dufour and Soret effect with suction. The governing equations have been non-dimensionalzed by
using usual transformations and obtained coupled non-linear partial differential equations have been solved by explicit
finite difference technique. The effcts of various parameters on the flow and heat transfer is analyzed and discussed
through graph in detail. The values of local Skin friction, average Skin friction, local Nusselt number, average Nusselt
number and the Sherwood number for different parameters are also elucidated in the form of graph.
Keywords: MHD Flow; Thermal Radiation; Soret and Dufour effect; Chemical Reaction; Explicit Finite Difference
Method; Explicit finite difference technique.

Page | 132

17.9
N um erical Investigation on M H D Fluid Flow in the P resence of
C hem ical R eaction w ith Soret and D ofour Effects over a V ertical
P late in a R otating System
Md. Mizanur Rahman1*, Md. Shakhaoath Khan2 and Md Rafiqul Islam3
1Department

of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
Email*: mizan_iu@yahoo.com

Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Newcastle,Callaghan, NSW 2308, AUSTRALIA
3 Mathematics

Email: mdshakhaoath.khan@uon.edu.au
Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
Email3: mrislam_66@yahoo.com

A bstract
The MHD free convection fluid flow over a vertical porous flat plate in a rotating system is investigated numerically in
the presence of radiation, chemical reaction, heat generation with Soret and Dofour effect. The governing equations of
the problem contain a system of partial differential equations. An explicit finite difference technique is used to solve the
obtained non-similar, coupled, non-linear partial differential non-dimensional equations. Numerical results are performed
to examine the various physical parameters on the velocities, temperature and concentration within the boundary layer
and shown graphically. Finally, a qualitative comparison with previous published work is shown in tabular form.
Keywords:Rotating System; Chemical Reaction; Soret and Dofour Effect; Heat generation; Finite Difference Method

17.10
Fabrication and P erform ance Test of C ontinuous Flow dow n
D raught G asifier for W ood G asification System
Md. Arefin Kowser*a, Md. Alim Badshaa, Nayeem Md. Lutful Huqa, Md. Khaled
Khalila, Hasan Mohammad Mostofa Afroza, Zulfikar Hossaina
*a

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh

A bstract
Saw dusts are used as fuel for cooking, electricity generation, and other purposes, but in most of these applications the
maximum energy loss occurs due to inefficient burning process. To utilize maximum energy, saw dusts should be burned
properly. Fluidized bed rice husk gasification is one of the systems where saw dusts are burned properly for the utilization
of maximum energy. In the present work, a down draught rice husk gasifier is fabricated, where; the fluidized bed
reactor is constructed to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reaction. In fluidized bed reactor, gas is passed
through a solid material at high velocity to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid. Using
the saw dust gasifier a continuous flow gas is produced which ensures a continuous supply of usable form of energy. In
this method once the processes is started it can be kept running as long as needed. The burnt solid waste is removed
automatically after a certain period. As it gives efficient energy conversion it leaves a less environmental impact. Thus
the system has made the burning process a user and environment friendly one. Gasification tests were made with
varying air flow rate and fuel feed rate. The typical wall temperature of gasification process was about 400-450C. The
average temperature of producer gas was about 600-800C. The highest heating value of producer gas was 3.9MJ/m3
to 4.5MJ/m3 with the volume flow rate. The models of gasifier are based on the mass energy conservation equation and
include the energy exchange between solid and gaseous phases. Different gasification sub processes are in corporate
Drying, Pyrolysis, Combustion, Oxidation, reduction and hydrocarbon reforming the model was validated
experimentally in a small scale gasifier by comparing the experimental temperature field, saw dust burning sates and
fuel/air reaction with predicted results. A good agreement between experimental and estimated results was achieved.
Page | 133

The maximum efficiency was obtained with the smaller particle size and lower air velocity. It was a consequence of the
higher fuel/air ratio in the gasifier and so the production of a gas with a higher calorific value. The model can be used
as a tool to study the influence of process parameter, air flow velocity, gasifier geometry, composition and inlet
temperature of the gasifying agent propagation velocity (flame front velocity) and its efficiency.
Keywords: Biomass; Gasification; Down draught; Propagation velocity; Saw dust; fluidized bed reactor.

17.11
Study of 3D H eat Transfer through a Solar C ollector: Effect of
Solid V olum e Fraction
Rehena Nasrin*, Salma Parvin and M.A. Alim
Department of Mathematics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka - 1000, Bangladesh
*E-mail: raity11@gmail.com

A bstract
A three-dimensional heat transfer model is developed in which direct sunlight is incident on transparent glass cover of
a flat plate solar collector (FPSC). Due to renewable and nonpolluting nature of solar energy it is often used in
applications such as electricity generation, thermal heating and chemical processing. Flat-plate type solar collectors
are the most cost effective. Water/copper nanofluid is used as the heat transfer medium. The governing partial
differential equations are solved using finite element method with Galerkins weighted residual technique. In order to
evaluate the fluid flow and temperature profiles within the collector, the mass, momentum and energy balance equations
are solved numerically. Average Nusselt number (Nu), average temperature (av), collector efficiency (), outlet
temperature (T) for both nanofluid and base fluid through the collector are presented as function of the parameter
mentioned above. It is observed that the highest rates of heat transfer and thermal efficiency are obtained at 2% solid
volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles. Heat transfer rate and collector efficiency using nanofluid become higher than that
of using pure water.
K ey w ord s: Flat plate solar collector, finite element method, nanofluid, collector efficiency and rate of heat transfer.

17.12
Effect of Therm al G rashof N um ber on H eat and M ass Transfer in
a P arallel P late R eactor C hannel w ith H eated C ylinders
Salma Parvin, Rehena Nasrin and M.A. Alim
Department of Mathematics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
*E-mail: salpar@math.buet.ac.bd

A bstract
A numerical study has been carried out for laminar double-diffusive mixed convection in a parallel plate reactor channel
with four heated cylinders. An external air flow enters from the left inlet and exits from the right. After entering the
reactor, the fluid passes four heated cylinder. The developed mathematical model is governed by the two-dimensional
continuity, momentum, energy and concentration equations. The governing equations, written in non-dimensional form
are solved by using Galerkin finite element method with triangular grid discretization system. The Reynolds number is
fixed at 100 and the working fluid is considered as air. Numerical simulations are carried out for different combinations
of the thermal Grashof numbers and results are presented in terms of streamlines, temperature and concentration
distributions. The results indicate that the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers at the heat and contaminant sources
strongly depend on the mentioned parameter.
Keywords: Double diffusive mixed convection; parallel plate reactor; finite element method.

Page | 134

17.13
M H D R adiative B oundary Layer Flow of a N anofluid past a
R otating Stretching Sheet
Mohammad Wahiduzzamana,*, Md. Sharif Uddinb, Pallab Biswasc
aAssistant

Professor, Mathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

bAssociate

Professor, Mathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

cMathematics

Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

A bstract
Radiative heat transfer in a nanofluid with the influence of magnetic field over a rotating stretching surface are
investigated numerically. The steady laminar boundary layer flow is considered in this study. The governing boundary
layer equations are formulated and transformed into nonlinear ordinary coupled differential equations by using similarity
variables. The governing equations are solved numerically using the Nactsheim-Swigert Shooting iteration technique
together with the Runge-Kutta six order iteration schemes with the help of a computer programming language Compaq
Visual Fortran 6.6a. The simulation results are presented graphically to illustrate influence of well known parameters
on the velocity, temperature and concentration distributions as well as Skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt and Sherwood
number at the sheet.
Keywords: Radiative heat transfer; Nanofluid, Rotating stretching surface; Nactsheim-Swigert Shooting iteration;
Runge-Kutta six order iteration schemes.

17.14
Energy and exergy analysis of a coal based therm al pow er plant
A.K.M. Nazrul Islam, Farhana Alam, Md. Ashraful Islam
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

A bstract
This paper addresses the energetic and exergetic efficiencies and losses in different components and the overall system
of a 250 MW coal based thermal power plant. The plant is operated under Bangladesh Power Development Board
(BPDB), which is located at Barapukuria, Bangladesh and consists of 2 units (2 x 125 MW). The analyses have been
carried out by considering design data for different designed and loading conditions of the plant. The overall energy
efficiencies of the plant are 35.48%, 56.77%, 70.96% and 75.67% and the overall exergy efficiencies were 44.25%, 33.31%,
30.78 % and 30.21% for 50%, 80%, 100% and 106% loading conditions respectively for the design data. However, the
overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the power plant during operation are 39.2%, 46.6% and 27.9 %, 27.2% for 57%
and 67% loading conditions respectively, which are lower than the design value. The distribution of the exergy losses in
power plant components has been assessed to locate the process irreversibility. The comparison between the energy
losses and the exergy losses of the individual components of the plant shows that the maximum energy losses (~49.92%)
occur in the condenser, whereas the maximum exergy losses (~68.27%) occur in the boiler. Exergy analysis can be
particularly effective in identifying ways to optimize the performance of existing operations and designing the plant
while energy balance gives heat transfer between the system and its surrounding.
Keywords: Energy efficiency; exergy destruction; coal base power plant; thermal power plant.

Page | 135

17.15
C ontrol of P roduction and Process U sing Optim al C ontrol
Technique
M. H. A. Biswas*, Mithun Mondal
Mathematics Discipline, Science Engineering and Technology School,
Khulna University, Khulna- 9208, Bangladesh.

A bstract
Sustainable and efficient control management is the key to the production and process in industrial engineering. The
maintenance of process performance ensuring the quality products after a long time operation of the system is desirable
in any industry. Appropriate model design and control strategy is the crucial concern in such management of the
process. In this paper we study a mathematical model controlling the production and process arising in industrial
engineering. We analyze the model using the optimal control technique in the form of maximum principle to control
the quality products in the operation processes. We show that introduction of state constraint can be of advantageous
for obtaining good products during the longer operation process. We investigate the model numerically using some
known nonlinear optimal control solvers and the simulation results are well illustrated. We compare the model to
illustrate the significant effect of introducing state constraint to the dynamics of the model.
Keywords: Optimal control; state constraint; production and process; industrial engineering; numerical application.

17.16
P ow er generation w ith vertical axis w ind turbine, in respect of
B angladesh
Sanjib Kumar Nandi
Bachelor of Science in Electrical & Electronic Engineering, American International University- Bangladesh (AIUB),
Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh

A bstract
Power crisis is one of the major problems in Bangladesh which is increasing day by day. In such situation renewable
sources could be the best possible solution. But the power of the renewable sources varies with day time and climate.
Electrical energy plays a vital role in development of civilization. The advancement of a country is measured in terms
of per capital consumption of electrical energy. It is quite impossible to solve over all power crisis but possible to control
load demand by using compact fluorescent lamp, transferring holiday, transfer from peak to off-peak hour only through
proper planning by load management, encouraging Independent Power Producers, reducing transmission loss, more
utilization of renewable energy sources. So, vertical axis wind turbine can play a vital role against this power crisis.
This system is very much cost effective in the long run and also very much environmental friendly.
Keywords: Energy Crisis; Power; Renewable Energy; Wind Power; Vertical axes wind turbine; Wind Speed.

Page | 136

17.17
M H D effect on free convection flow in porous m edia filled
equilateral triangular cavity w ith heat generation
R. Chowdhurya,b,*, S. Parvinb, M. A. H. Khanb
aDepartment
bDepartment

of Natural Science, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh.

of Mathematics, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

A bstract
Unsteady-state free convection heat transfer in an equilateral triangular cavity, filled with a fluid-saturated porous
medium and with heat generation in presence of magnetic field has been considered in this study. The horizontal wall
of the cavity is heated at a constant temperature, the left inclined wall is non-isothermal and the right inclined wall is
differentially cold. The governing equations are solved numerically by finite element method. The effect of MHD and
heat generation on the streamlines and isotherms are investigated for the fluid of Prandtl number (Pr = 0.7) and
Rayleigh number (Ra = 105). The average temperature of the cavity and the rate of heat transfer of the bottom surface
of the cavity are also presented.
.
Keywords: Porous medium; Free convection flow; Magnetic field; Heat generation; Equilateral triangular cavity

17.18
A Sim ulant M eth od to A nalyze the Effects of D ifferent A dd -on
D evices on V ehicles A erodynam ics
Tawsif Ahmed
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

A bstract
At the recent time peoples increasing need for speed along with fuel crisis has created an interest for vehicle
aerodynamics among automotive engineers. The redesign of car frames and bodies to reduce the total weight, and the
modification of car bodies to improve the overall aerodynamic characteristics for improved cruising conditions, reliability
of navigation and lower energy consumption have become the major concern for todays automotive engineers. This
simple work aims to obtain the flow structure around a passenger car with different add-on devices using the
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A model of general passenger car was developed using SolidWorks and the
simulation has been performed in ANSYS Fluent for the evaluation of drag coefficient and lift coefficient. Result shows
that the addition of those add-on devices are reducing both drag and lift coefficient reasonably. Hence, the drag and
lift force on a car can be reduced by using proper add-on devices on vehicle and thus fuel economy, traction and stability
of a passenger car can be improved significantly.
(ICTE 2014).
Keywords: Drag, lift, aerodynamics; fuel economy; add-on devices; CFD; traction; simulation;

Page | 137

17.19
N um erical Study of the P erform ance of Three and Four B laded
Savonius W ind Turbine
Md. Azimur Rahman1, Wasi Uddin Ahmed2, Muhammad Junayed Hasan Zahed3,
Dr Mohammad Mamun4
Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology
Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
The aim of this paper is to present a numerical study of three and four bladed Savoius rotor with different overlap
ratios. The models with 0%, 20%, and 30% overlap having the same blade diameter and height are used for the
comparison. The CFD simulations were first used to validate with the experimental results. Then the same procedure
was repeated to find the static torque characteristics, power coefficients and the flow field around the rotor blades to
analyse the aerodynamic performance of the rotor. The dimensionless parameter torque coefficient of the wind turbine
as a function of the wind velocity and the rotors angle of rotation and power coefficient vs tip speed ratio was
plotted to compare between models. The pressure contour and velocity contour were used to analyse the flow field
around the rotor. In this analysis authors have found that the torque co-efficient of the rotors decreases with the increase
in blade number and with the increase in blade overlap ratio the negative torque co-efficient is reduced.
Keywords: Savonius;Wind Turbine; VAWT; CFD; FLUENT

17.20
A Study on M achine V ision Technology A n A utom ated A id for
Industrial P roduct Inspection
Md. Saidur Rahmana, J. U. Ahamedb*
aM.

Sc. In Management Technology, Institute of Appropriate Technology, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka,
Bangladesh

b*Department

of Mechanical Engineeirng, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chiittagong-4349,Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Email: jamal293@yahoo.com

A bstract
An efficient integration of automated systems into high speed, complex manufacturing processes is todays main demand
and it is possible by the development of modern automation technologies. This article presents a study of machine
vision technology using image processing and an application of software based automatic industrial product inspection
system. The background of visual inspection technology and related works before describing the system are discussed
in thisarticle. The developed vision inspection system with a camera that was integrated into a station has a capability
to inspect a product of wooden piece. The description of the algorithms used to perform the image processing and the
inspection system are discussed. A microcontroller based control circuit unit is used in this research work, which can
communicate with computer system through serial communication protocol.
Keywords: Automation; Edge Detection; Machine Vision; Product Inspection.

Page | 138

17.21
A nalysis of Effects of Surface R oughness on M uffler Perform ance
Erfanul Alama, Farhan Arafinb, M Ashiqur Rahmana,b
aRoom

-318 , Ahsanullah Hall, BUET, Dhaka-1211 , Bangladesh

b70/a 2nd

lane , Kalabagan, Dhaka-1415, Bangladesh

A bstract
Internal combustion engines are typically equipped with an exhaust muffler to suppress the acoustic pulse generated by
the combustion process. A high intensity pressure wave generated by combustion in the engine cylinder propagates
along the exhaust pipe and radiates from the exhaust pipe producing undesirable loud noise. Hence, mufflers are
important parts of engine system which are commonly used to minimize sound transmissions caused by exhaust gases.
In our study, a reactive muffler which attenuates the noise of a diesel engine is investigated. This paper deals with a
practical approach to design, develop and test muffler with different surface roughness of the muffler material. The
variation in performance characteristics, i.e. noise reduction capability of the muffler with five different surface
roughnesses is measured experimentally and the results have been compared with the smooth surface to study the
effects.
Keywords: Automotive muffler; Reactive silencer; Surface roughness; Noise reduction

17.22
U nderstanding of H ost-P athogen Interaction of H IV Infections
U sing M athem atical M odelling
S. K. Sahani A. Islam, P. Gain and M. H. A Biswas,
Mathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

A bstract
The most urgent public health problem today is to devise effective strategies to minimize the destruction caused by the
AIDS epidemic. We have discussed the concepts and methodologies in developing HIV modelling. Here we are not
discussing about any invention of HIV modelling rather we focused in bringing the awareness to medical epidemiologists
and public health providers of how to use mathematical model in epidemiology. We discuss the mathematical
representation of HIV model and shown the shown if the basic reproduction number R 0 1 , then HIV infection is cleared
from the T-cell population. Whereas if

R0 1

the HIV infection persists. Within the parameter values, the chronic

infection equilibrium W can be stable and periodic solution may exist. Our aim was to make an understanding between
the mathematical model of HIV and the real life situation.
*

Keywords: Mathematical modelling; Host-pathogen; HIV; CD4+ T cells; Stability analysis.

Page | 139

17.23
Study of D ifferent types of V egetable Oils as fuel sources and
their perform ance analysis
Anup Sahaa, Ekramul Haque Ehitea, Tanvir Hassana, M.M. Alamb
aBangladesh
b Professor,

University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
In this research, Vegetable oils derived from Sesame Seed and Rice Bran are used and experimented upon. Using
Kerosene as the solvent in varying proportions (30%, 50%, 70% by volume) with the pure vegetables oils, different
blends of Sesame and Rice Bran Oils were produced. The important characteristic properties were found by
experimentation, and compared with those of Straight Run Diesel. Subsequently, Straight Run Diesel, vegetable oils
and their blends were used to run a diesel engine one-by-one and the performance analysis was done. From the
comparative performance analysis, it was found that Rice Bran oil shows better performance as a fuel than Sesame with
regards to power production and specific fuel consumption.
Keywords: Sesame Oil; Rice bran Oil; Density; Viscosity; Heating Value; Carbon Residue; Property Test.

17.24
A nalysis of effect of absorptive m aterials on perform ance of an
acoustic board
Farhan Arafina, Erfanul Alam b, M Ashiqur Rahmana,b
a70/a 2nd
bRoom

lane , Kalabagan, Dhaka-1211 , Bangladesh

-318 , Ahsanullah Hall BUET, Dhaka-1415 , Bangladesh

A bstract
Noise control and its principle play an important role in creating an acoustically pleasing environment. Acoustic boards
are solid obstructions built between noise sources that are designed to be line of sight interruptions between the noise
source and the receiver. This paper deals with a practical approach to design, develop and test an acoustic board where
sound transmission loss is measured experimentally and compare with empirical value. Absorptive material plays a vital
role in the performance of an acoustic board. The variation in performance characteristics, i.e. noise reduction capability
of the acoustic board with three different absorptive materials is measured experimentally and the results have been
compared to study of effect. The frequency of the transmitted sound ranged from 100 Hz to 3000 Hz. Transmission loss
is increased because of the use of the absorptive material. At different frequencies an increase of 6 dB in transmission
loss at different frequencies has been seen while using glass wool as absorptive material, whereas for foam it was found
to be 4 dB.
Keywords:Transmission loss, Sound, Sound level, Acoustic board

Page | 140

17.25
D esign, construction and perform ance evaluation of a single plane
balancing m achine
Rifat Mahmuda, Abu Jafar Rasela, M. Ashiqur Rahmanb
a Graduate
b Professor,

students, Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
This paper focuses on the design, fabrication and performance evaluation of a single plane balancing machine. Here, the
unbalanced force of the rotor is transmitted to the vibrating deflector via a support and the amount of deflection is
converted to corresponding change in electric voltage by using a proximity sensor. The shaft position is measured with
the help of a light sensor. All the data these two transducers gather are presented to the computer simultaneously to
plot two graphs showing the binary values of the corresponding sensors vs. time. Comparing these graphs, the phase
angle of the unbalanced force is determined. Further, the binary values of the proximity sensor is conver0074ed to
corresponding displacement values. Using them for three known unbalanced masses, displacement vs. unbalanced mass
graph is plotted. The amount of unknown unbalanced mass for a measured displacement can be found from this graph.
Keywords: dynamic balancing machine; vibrating deflector; proximity sensor; light sensor; binary values; phase angle;
single plane rotor.

17.26
Theoretical study of hom ogeneous boiling of ethanol at liquid
superheat lim it: the case of high heat flux pulse heating
Mohammad Nasim Hasan*a, S. M. Shavika, Y. Mitsutakeb, M. Mondeb
aDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

bDepartment

of Mechanical Engineering, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan

A bstract
Recent developments in bubble actuated micro electro-mechanical systems have put a significant importance on the
superheat induced micro boiling explosion of a metastable liquid. In the present study, we studied the homogeneous
boiling phenomena of ethanol under high heat flux boundary condition by applying a newly developed theoretical model.
In this model, a finite liquid control volume or cluster at the liquid boundary has been considered where energy is stored
due to external heating while some energy is consumed due to bubble nucleation and subsequent growth. The state of
boiling explosion of the liquid under heating has been defined as the moment when massive scale vaporization causes
the liquid sensible energy to decrease with time. As the size of liquid cluster, the size of a critical vapor embryo (2rc)
has been considered. The obtained results have been presented and discussed in terms of the average liquid temperature
rise inside the liquid cluster, maximum attainable cluster temperature and time to reach the boiling explosion condition
for a wide range of boundary heat flux (0.1-103 MW/m2) and liquid initial temperature (25-78.3 C). The present study
shows that, the occurrence of the boiling explosion in ethanol i.e. the time and temperature of the liquid cluster greatly
depend on the boundary heat flux for a given liquid initial temperature. The predicted superheat limits of ethanol prior
to boiling explosion at different boundary heat fluxes are found in reasonable agreement with the superheat limit
reported in the literature. Moreover, the boiling explosion condition predicted by the present model has been found to
satisfy the theoretical upper bound of maximum evaporative heat flux in terms of the heat flux across the liquid-vapor
interface.
Keywords: Homogeneous Boiling; Boiling Explosion
Page | 141

17.27
N atural convection inside a N anofluid filled square enclosure in
presence of an external transverse m agnetic field
Mohammad Nasim Hasan, Khondokar Samiuzzaman, S. M. Shavik, Sumon Saha,
Md. Quamrul Islam
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

A bstract
Steady, laminar and two-dimensional natural convection inside a square enclosure filled with Cu-water nanofluid in
presence of an external transverse magnetic field has been investigated in the present study. The two-dimensional square
enclosure under consideration is selected with adiabatic top and bottom walls, while the left and the right vertical walls
are maintained at constant high and low temperature, respectively. The Galerkin Finite Element method has been
adopted to solve the non-dimensional governing equations (continuity, momentum and energy) of the problem and the
effect of various governing parameters, namely, Raleigh number (103 Ra 107), Hartmann number (0 Ha 60) and
solid-volume fraction of the nanoparticles (0 0.2) on the heat transfer process inside the enclosure are examined.
Results obtained from the present simulation are presented in terms of streamline and isotherm contours inside the
enclosure. The average Nusselt number over the hot left wall of the enclosure is evaluated in order to assess the
performance of the natural convection heat transfer. The present study shows that in presence of an external transverse
magnetic field, addition of nanoparticle to the base fluid does not necessarily enhance the heat transfer rather it depends
on both the Richardson number and Hartmann number.
Keywords: Nanofluids; Natural Convection Heat Transfer; Transverse Magnetic Field, Hartmann Number, Finite
Element Method

17.28
D eveloping an A lternative P ow er Source for H ybrid C ar
A.A. Safea, M. Moniruzzamanb,M.R.C.Dipuc and M. T. Islamd
a,b,cStudent,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, CUET, Chittagong-4349, Bangladesh

dProfessor,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, CUET, Chittagong-4349, Bangladesh

A bstract
Abstract: This paper is focused on a hybrid vehicle technology that uses wind energy as an alternative source of power.
There is described a process that can be used to extract energy from the wind and add to a vehicle for producing driving
force. Usually a car moves through air which always is a disadvantage as it produces a drag force while moving forward
which resist the driving force. In a research we used this air flow to generate electricity using a vertical axis wind
turbine. This electricity can be used to charge a battery which would provide energy to drive a vehicle. We used a
vertical axis wind turbine of Darrieus type to receive energy from the wind. If some VAWTs are placed at location
that wont increase drag area of the vehicle a good amount of electricity will be generated without adding any significant
resistive force.
Key words: Vehicle, Turbine, Wind, Power, RPM, Research, Battery, Electricity

Page | 142

17.29
Im proved pyrolysis technology by using an opaque reactor
preheated by solar collector
Md. Abdur Rahima, Muhammad Mahbubul Alamb, Mohammad Rofiqul Islama, Md.
Mehedi Hasana, Gobinda Mridhaa
aRajshahi

University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh

bBangladesh

University of Engineering and Technology,Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A bstract
As energy crisis is going on in the world, so the attention of the scientists & engineers are turns to find out the alternative
energy sources. Obviously energy source is limited, but try of mankind is unlimited & it is swimmingly. Looking for
new things is the passion of mankind as well as scientists. According to this phenomena thermo chemical conversion
processes such as gasification & pyrolysis have given a new foot print in the energy source. Performance & emission
characteristics of pyrolytic oil are good, almost near to diesel. To obtain pyrolytic oil, we use scrap tires. In experimental
work fixed bed reactor is used where solar energy is used for primary heating and charcoal is used for making desired
heating condition. Bio mass is used because it is a replacement of fossil fuel & good energy source. As solar energy is
used here, amount of charcoal is decreased. Our main objective is to use solar energy to decrease amount of charcoal as
well as cost. Electricity may be used for heating the reactor but it is not efficient. In experiment double condenser (ice
& water) is used to condense the gas. It is observed that it is possible to use tire pyrolysis oil in various sectors as an
alternative fuel at present and future. In this manner it is found that 200 gm oil can be extracted from 500 gm scrap
tube whose calorific value is about 3 MJ/kg. Again pyrolysis process does not give any bad effect to the environment
i.e. this process is environment friendly. The produced tar is easily decomposed with soil so there is no problem. The
only fact that a smell is produced which is reasonable.
Keywords: pyrolysis, bio mass, renewable energy, calorific value, alternative fuel;

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