1

ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSION (FORM 1)
Example:
1. Solve
a. 7a+2a = 9a
b. -3b+9b = 6b
c. 4c +3c -2c =5c
Soalan:
1. Solve
a. 3a + 3a + 3a =
b. 2b + 2b + 2b =
c. -3x + x =
Example:
1. Simplify each of the
following
a. 3x + 9 -2x 1
b. 5b + 10 + b 9
Solution:
a. 3x + 9 2x 1
3x 2x + 9 -1
x+8
b. 5b + 10 + b -9
5b + b + 10 9
6b + 1

1. Identify the unknows in each of the

following algebraic terms.
6ab 2
a.
1
efg
3
b.
4
pq
5
c.
2xy
d.
2. Identify the coefficient of
x
Terms
a. 2x
b. -5x
c.

Answer

49x

d.
6x 2

e.
6xy

f.
3xy 2
g.
xy
5

Soalan:
Simplify each of the following
1.
2.
3.
4.

3a + a
-4c + (-3c)
3d + (-10d)
7k+(-9k) + 11k

h.
3
xy
4

i.
3 2
x y
4

ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSION II (FORM 2)

3. Identify whether the following

pairs of terms are like terms or
unlike terms.
a. 5xy, 3yx
m 2 n nm
,
3
3
b.
2bcde, 5bcd
c.
a
3ab, 2
b
d.
5m 2 n,6nm2
e.
4. Find the product of each of the
following
x x
a.
x y
b.
2 p
c.
2 p
d.
4(3x )
e.
1
4q
2
f.
1
xy 9 yz
3
g.

l.

3
r2
pqr
4
6

5. Find the quotient of each of the

following
a.
b.

5mn n 2
12ab 4ab

3st (12 s 2 )
c.
12 pq 4q 2 p 2
d.

e.
10a 2bc 5ab 2 c

f.
16 xy 2 z (2 yz 2 )

5 pq 6 p 2 q
h.
3 pq 4 p 2 r
i.
5 xy 6 x 3
j.

k.

1
ab 4a
8

6. Simplify the following

a.
9 xy 2 3c 27abc

b.
4 p 2 q 2 pr 8r 2

a.

(6 pq 2 r ) ( 2r 2 ) (3r )

b.

12 xy 2 4 x 2 yz

c.

3 pqr 9 p 2 q 2 pr

d.

4 xy 3 3 xy 7

c.
pq 2 pqr 6rpq qp

d.
(3 xy 5) ( xy 2)

e.

7. Determine the number of terms in

each of the following algebraic
expressions.

(5ab 4bc ) (2ab 4bc)

8 x (4 x 8)

e.

a. 2xy
b. P + qr + 4
c. 5 + 9ab
8. Simplify each of the following
expressions.

f.

6x 9
3

l.
1
1
( a 4b 8c) (1 9b 6c)
2
3

(3m 15) 3

g.

m.

h.

8 y 10

(4a 12b 20c) 4

4(3x 4)

i.
n.

( x 3) ( x 4)

7(3 p 4)

10 p 8
2

j.
(5 p 4) ( p 2)

ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSION III
3)

(FORM

Expansion of Algebraic
Expression.
k.

Example:
Expand each of the following
expressions.

(2 z ) (2 y 6 z )

4(2 x)

a.
b.

3a (a 4b c )

(2 y 1)(2 y 4)

c.
Solution:
Question a.

d.

4(2 x)
(4 2) (4 x)
8 4x

e.

5
k (4k 2h)
2

m
(6m 3 p 12)
3

Question b.
3a (a 4b c)
( x 2)( x 4)

(3a a) (3a 4b) (3a c)

3a 2 12ab 3ac

f.

Question c
(2 y 1)(2 y 4)
2 y 2 y 2 y 4 1 2 y 1 4
4y 8y 2y 4
2

(3m 5)(m 4)

g.

4 y2 6 y 4
9. Expand each of the following
expression.

10. Find the common factors and HCF

( x 2)( x 1)

3a, 27

a.

a.

10k 2 ,5hk 2
(2k 3)( k 1)

b.

b.
3xy ,9 y 2 ,6 x 2 y
c.
3( x 4)

c.
8 xy, 4 y 2 z , 6 xyz
d.

16hk 2 4k

e.

x 2 2 xy 4 x 2
f.

Factorization
a 2 b 2 (a b)(a b)

a 2 2a 1

g.

k 2 16k 64

h.

Example:
x 16
2

Factorize
Solution:
x 2 16

13. Simplify
(3x 1) 2 (7 x 4)

x2 x4
( x 4)( x 4)

a.
(2 p q ) 2 q (4 p q )
b.
3(2 p 5) ( p 3)2
c.

11. Factorize
p2 4
a.
b.

q (2 p )

d.
(3m n) 2

x 2 49

e.

q2 4
c.
d.
e.

ALGEBRAIC

m 2 25

EXPRESSIONS

4 9n 2

[EXPANSION]

81 y 36
2

f.
9 p 12
2

g.
(3 p) 2 12

Example:
Simplify
(3x 1) 2 (7 x 4)

h.
i.
j.
12. Factorize

64 x 2

Solution:

x 2 64

Step 1: Expand
(3 x 1) 2

xy y

a.
b.

3 x 27

Step 2: Multiply
(3 x 1)(3 x 1)

15 x 20 xy

following

c.
d.

6abc 18b 2 c

as

(3 x 3 x) (3 x 1) (1 3 x) (11)

9 x2 6 x 7 x 1 4

9 x11 3 x 3 x 1
9x2 6x 1

Step 6: Solve any likely terms

by applying your knowledge
about integer.

You must remember that

(3 x 3 x)
means

9 x2 6 x 7 x 1 4

(3x1 3 x1 )

9 x 2 13x 3

become

Answer :

[Note that
a m a n amn

9 x 2 13x 3

]
SOLUTION

Step 3: Combine
9 x2 6 x 1

(3 x 1) 2 (7 x 4)

with

(3 x 1)(3 x 1) (7 x 4)

(7 x 4)

because the
original question is

9 x 2 3 x 3x 1 (7 x 4)
9x2 6 x 1 7 x 4
9x2 6 x 7 x 1 4

(3x 1) 2 (7 x 4)
.
9 x2 6 x 1

9 x 2 13 x 3
Actually we also can also

(7 x 4)

(3 x 1) 2

Step 4: Remove the bracket.

However once you remove the
bracket, you need to be aware
that you must multiply the
integer outside the bracket
with the integer inside bracket.
9 x2 6 x 1
(7 x 4)

become
9x 6x 1 7 x 4
2

Step 5: Put all likely terms

closer together.

solve
by
using algebraic formula
( a b) 2 a 2 2ab b 2
(3 x 1) 2
a 3 x, b 1
(3 x) 2 2(3 x)(1) (1) 2
9 x2 6x 1
SOLUTION
(3x 1) 2 (7 x 4)

(a b) 2 a 2 2ab b 2
a 3 x, b 1
(3 x) 2(3 x)(1) (1) (7 x 4)
2

(3m n) 2
b.

9 x 6 x 1 (7 x 4)
2

9 x2 6x 1 7 x 4
9 x2 6x 7 x 1 4
9 x 2 13 x 3

17. Simplify
2 p 3q ( p 5q)

QUESTIONS
14. Simplify
(2 p q) 2 q (4 p q)

18. Expand each of the following

expression
2 g (5 k )
a.

(h 5)(3h 2)

b.

15. Simplify
3(2 p 5) ( p 3)2

19. Simplify each of the following

expressions:
2(n 5) 3
a.

b.
3(4m 3k ) (5k m)

16. Expand each of the following

expression
q (2 p )
a.

3(2 x 1)

20. Expand

(5 x y ) 2
d.

21. Simplify
(h 2k )(h 2k ) h 2
p (3 pq )

e.

f.
(3 p m)( p 2m)

22. Expand each of the following

expression:
5 p 3(4 2 p )
a.

7n((2m n)

g.
b.
(3h 4)(2h 5)

h.
(2 x 3)( x 5) 7(2 x)

c.
3 x ( 4 x 2 y)

10

i.

c.
5 pq 2(1 pq )

j.
(2 x y ) 2 4 x( x y)

(2e 1)(h 3) (e 3)(2h 1)

ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
[FACTORIZATION]
Example:
Factorize completely:
9 xy 3 x 2

23. Simplify each of the following

expression
a.

a.
b.
p 2 6( p 1) (8 p )

3 x( x 2 y ) (3 x y ) 2

3 x 2 48

c.
Solution:

9 xy 3 x 2
a.

3 x(3 y x)

b.

b.

p 2 6( p 1) (8 p )

( x 4 y )( x y ) ( x 2 y ) 2

p2 6 p 6 8 p
p2 6 p p 6 8
p 2 5 p p 14
p 2 5 p 14
( p 7)( p 2)

c.

3 x 2 48

11

3( x 16)

p 2 3 p 3q pq

3( x 2 4 2 ) a 2 b 2 ( a b)(a b)i.
3( x 4)( x 4)
QUESTIONS
24. Factorise completely each of
the following expressions:
4e 12ef
a.

b.

c.

j.

9 x2 1

50 2m 2

12 3x 2

pq q 2 4q 4 p
k.

2y 6

d.

e.

5 20k 2

l.

81 64d 2

5 p 10

f.

g.

3 x 2 12 x 12

3 x 2 2( x 1) 7
m.

h.

100 k 2

n.

x2 6 x 9

12

a.

1 5 2v

5m 15mv

2m 2 n ( m n)
o.

ALGEBRAIC FRACTION
Example:
1 m2

2m 6m 2

Express
as a single fraction in its
simplest form.

b.

5 2 3w

3n
6n

Solution:
1 m2

2m 6m 2
1 3m
m2

2m 3m 6 m2
3m m 2

6m 2 6m 2
3m m 2
6m 2
2m 2 2( m 1)

6m 2
2(3m 2 )
m 1

3m 2

c.

QUESTIONS
25. Express each of the following
in its simplest form:

d.

1 n4

n 3n

3 k 15

5m 10mk

13

3 2p 7

4q
12q
e.

i.

f.

2(h 1) 4 e

eh
2e

1
p
2

mp

2m

ALGEBRAIC FORMULAE
Example:
Given that
2( p 3)
5
k

, express

p
in terms of

g.

h.

3
1 x
2
x2 x 4

6
5

x3 x

Solution:
2( p 3)
5
k
2( p 3) 5 k
2 p 6 5k
2 p 5k 6
5k 6
p
2

14

qr s p

QUESTIONS.
4y 3
2
y p

29. Given

,
r

express
p

26. Given

,express

in terms of
p

in terms of
q
and

27. Given
F

,express

3n nk
5

ky
30. Given

3 y
5

in terms of

,express

in terms of
k

r2 7 p
28. Given
,express r in terms of
p
.

31. Given
,express
y.

k2 7
y
3
k

in terms of

15

3 m
4
k

32. Given

,express

in terms of

2m mn 2 3n 2

34. Given

express
m

2t
3
n 1

33. Given
,express n in terms of
t

in terms of