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The white flecks are from insulation that has been removed
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The nails in tubes 2 and 3 are the only ones that do not rust
Corrosion requires both Oxygen and Water to produce rust
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Fe
+ 2H2O
+ 4e
4HO
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OHFe2+
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anode
+ 2OH-
Fe(OH)2
OH-
OH-
Fe(OH)2
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cathode
OH-
OH-
OHFe2+
anode
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+ 2OH-
Fe(OH)2
Fe2O3.H2O
+ 2H2O
OHFe2+
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cathode
anode
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General corrosion
Pitting corrosion
Grooves and gouging
Surface cracks
Susceptibility to brittle facture
Welding misalignment
Dents
Fire damage
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Design pressure
Inside diameter
Corrosion allowance
Allowable (design) stress
Joint Efficiency
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.
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C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
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M7
16
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0.75
0.48
0.55
0.36
0.48
049
0.75
0.75
0.48
0.47
0.55
0.36
0.48
0.49
0.75
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0.75
0.48
0.55
0.36
0.48
049
0.75
0.75
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0.48
0.47
0.55
0.36
0.48
0.49
0.75
18
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0.55
0.49
0.48
tmm
0.47
0.36
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
L
2,564 in
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tam = 0,426 in
P.R
S.E-0,6.P
300.24,1
= 0,430 in
20000.0,85-0,6.300
= 0,326 in
t1
tmm
t2
0.49
0.48
FCA
0.36
tam
1,5
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1,5
L
2,564 in
1,5
1,5
20
10
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= 0,326 in
RSFa
RSFa = 0,9
= 0,387 in
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t.S.E
=
R+0,6.t
0,326.20000.0,85
24,1+0,6.0,326
= 0,326 in
= 228,1 psi
Thus the MAWP has to be reduced from 300 psi to 228,1 psi
This method used the formal grid, but we can take random points
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11
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1
N
(trd)
i =1
= 12,0667 mm
23
12
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S = (trd-ta,)2
i =1
= 12,9333 mm
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13
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1
1
[ S ] 0,5 =
tam N-1
12,0667
[ 12,9333
]
14-1
0,5
= 0,080 or 8%
Because COV is less than 10% we can use the average thick. tam
Now the original nominal thickness
tnom = 16 mm
LOSS
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= 3,85 MPa
= 484 mm
= 96,196 MPa
= 1,0
= 2 mm
= 16 mm
Current MAWP
Inside diameter
Allowable design stress
Joint Efficiency
Corrosion allowance Also FCA
Actual new thickness of the cylinder
= 10,1670 mm
= 10,0667mm
The cylinder is not thick enough for future service per Level 1
We can:
Reduce the MAWP, or,
Reduce the future corrosion allowance (FCA)
Try Level 2 assessment
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14
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tmm- FCA = 8 mm
= 3,2 mm
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= 1,5 MPa
= 2500 mm
= 3 mm
= 120 Mpa
= 1,0
P.D
2SE0,2P
1,5.2500
2.120.1,00,2.1,5
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= 15,645 mm
= 20 mm
30
15
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16
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=
=
=
=
=
=
60 in
0,75 in
0,05 in
0,07 in
17500 psi
0,85
Inside diameter
Original thickness
Uniform metal loss so far
Future corrosion allowance
Design stress
Joint Efficiency
Step 1: Find the worst the area with the highest number of pits
Step 2: Measure maximum pit depth wmax = 0,3 in
Step 3: Get the value tc from this equation
tc = tnom LOSS FCA = 0,75 0,05 0.07 = 0,63 in
Step 4: Get the remaining thickness ratio Rwt from this equation
Rwt =
tc + FCA-wmax
tc
0,63 + 0,07-0,3
= 0,6349
0,63
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Rwt = 0,6349
LOSS = 0,05 in
FCA = 0,07 in
17500.0,85.0,63
30,12+0,6.0,63
= 307 psi
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17
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= 0,31 in
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18
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LOSS= 0 in
0,31 in
0,5 in
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36 in
37
LOSS= 0 in
P.(Ro- 0,4.tc)
tc.E
315(18 - 0,4.0,45)
0,45.1,0
tc
= 0,45 in
m
= 12 474 psi
= 17,775 in
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19
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EY.tc3
=(
= 2,88
From SP and /R and
Cf = 0,83
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EY.tc
=(
= 2,88
From SP and /R and
Cf = 0,83
We need 3 other values: Rb1, Rb2 and Rbs the calculation is long
Rb1 = 3,43,
Hf.Sa
m.(1+Rb1)+LOSS(1+Rbs)
3,0.16 800
= min(
; 1,0 )
12,474.(1+3,43)+0
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; 1,0)
= 0,91
40
20
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Sa
42
21
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ar
If the crack tip has a very sharp radius, the scf if very high
The stress can be in the Plastic range of the stress-strain diagram
Sc
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Sa
43
ar
If the crack tip has a very sharp radius, the scf if very high
The stress can be in the Plastic range of the stress-strain diagram
This can be a source of fatigue problems
elastic
range
plastic range
stress
Yield point
0,2%
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strain
44
22
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ar
If the crack tip has a very sharp radius, the scf if very high
The stress can be in the Plastic range of the stress-strain diagram
This can be a source of fatigue problems
We have not analysed grooves and pitting
This is the end of the presentation
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